1、Module 6 Old and NewSection Grammar&Writing非限制性定语从句&定语从句的省略第一板块单元语法1(教材 P51)The Great Wall of China is the longest man-made structure ever _(build)2(教材 P53)Mao Zedong wrote a poem in _ he dreamed of“walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorges”which built
2、 3(教材 P53)The Three Gorges Dam,_ is the biggest construction project in China since the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal,has been built to control flooding and provide hydro-electric power for the central region of China.4(教材 P53)Sun Yat-sen，_ was the leader of the 1911 Revolution,firs
3、t suggested the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River in 1919.5(教材 P53)More than a million people _ lived in the region have moved from their homes.which who who 一、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句用来对先行词作补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不密切，它与先行词之间常用逗号隔开。需注意的是，that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。1关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句(1)which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或
4、宾语。ChinaToday attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.中国日报有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。(2)who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。Tom,who is our moniter,was praised by our teacher yesterday.昨天我们的老师表扬了我们的班长汤姆。(3)whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，一般不能省略。Peter,whom
5、you met in London,is going to Paris next week.你在伦敦见过的那个彼得，下周将要去巴黎。(4)whose 既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，先行词是人时，whosen.相当于 then.of whom。先行词是物时，whosen.相当于 then.of which。(四川卷)The books on the desk,whose covers are shiny,are prizes for us.桌上那些封面闪亮的书是为我们准备的奖品。The tree,the branches of which are almost bare,is a ve
6、ry old one.这是一棵非常古老的树，它的树枝几乎都光秃秃的。(5)as 既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。As we know,smoking is harmful to peoples health.众所周知，吸烟对人的健康有害。温馨提示as/which 引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：(1)as 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句，从句可以位于句首、句中和句末；而 which 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句又可以是主句的一部分，从句只能位于先行词之后。(2)as 引导非限制性定语从句时，常被译为“正如”，多用于固定搭配中：as is ofte
7、n the case(这是常有的事),as was expected(不出所料),as often happens(正如经常发生的那样),as is known to all(众所周知),as has been said before(如上所述),as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。而 which 常被译为“这一点，那”，并且主句和从句常存在逻辑上的因果关系。She is always working hard,as everyone can see.正如大家所看到的那样，她工作一直很努力。The book,which I bought yesterday,is
8、very instructive.这本书是我昨天买的，很有教育意义。As everyone can see,she is honest.She is honest,which everyone can see.她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。Tom was always late for school,which made his teacher very angry.汤姆上学总是迟到，这让他的老师很生气。As can be seen from his face,he is quite pleased.从他的表情可以看出来，他非常高兴。2关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句当先行词指时间或地点时，且在定语
9、从句中作状语时，用when,where 引导非限制性定语从句，why 不引导非限制性定语从句，但可用 for which 代替。We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,whenthe weather may be better.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。The story in the book happened in Canada,where Doctor Bethune was born.书中的故事发生在加拿大，白求恩大夫就是在那里出生的。3“名词/代词介词关系代词(which/whom)”结构
10、此类结构常见的有some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the largest.of which/whom 等形式。Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.就人类为什么哭出眼泪科学家提出了许多理论，但没有一项理论得到过证明。Many young people,most of whom were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chas
11、e their dreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。二、定语从句的省略1省略作宾语、表语的关系代词在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中作宾语或表语时，关系代词可以省略。The boy(that/who/whom)we saw last night was Li Ming.我们昨晚见到的那个男孩是李明。John is not the naught boy(who/that)he used to be.约翰不再是当年那个淘气的男孩子了。温馨提示(1)当关系代词 whom 和 which 直接位于介词之后时，whom/which 不能省略。(2)非限
12、制性定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词在任何情况下都不能省略。2定语从句的缩略有些定语从句可以缩略为各种短语，如分词短语、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语及动词不定式短语，且句意不受影响。我们称这一语言现象为定语从句的缩略。There are still many problems that must be solved.There are still many problems to solve.还有许多问题需要解决。The people who live in the village have moved to other areas.The people living in the villa
13、ge have moved to other areas.住在村子里的人们已经搬到其他地方了。The house which was damaged in the fire will be rebuilt soon.The house damaged in the fire will be rebuilt soon.在火灾中损坏的房子不久将被重建。The question which will be discussed tomorrow is whether workers salary should be increased.The question to be discussed tomo
14、rrow is whether workers salary should be increased.明天要讨论的问题是工人薪水是否应该增加。.单句语法填空1(江苏卷)The number of smokers，_ is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.2The meeting，_was held in the park,was attended by 1,000 people.3They came to China in the 1970s，_ China was not open to the outside worl
15、d.aswhichwhen 4_ is known to everybody,the moon travels around the earth once every month.5(天津卷)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of _ uses it differently.6She gave another piece of advice，_ I think is of great help to the research work.7She showed the visitors around the
16、 museum，_construction had taken more than three years.Aswhichwhichwhose8(2019山西四校期中联考)Julie enjoyed reading when young.She grew up in a key middle school in her city,_her parents both taught Chinese.9Then I noticed an elderly lady walking with difficulty in front of me,_ seemed in her 80s.10After gr
17、aduating from college,I took a few days off to go travelling,_ turned out to be a wise decision.wherewhowhich.单句改错1 There are many students play basketball on the playground._2The results of the experiment proved to be very good,that was more than we expected._3Which weve seen,oceans cover more than
18、 70%of the earth._playplayingthatwhichWhichAs 4Mr.Smith,from who I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist._5What can I do to rescue the girl trapping in the big fire？_whowhomtrappingtrapped.语法与写作1报纸上报道说，我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。Our country has sent up another man-made earth satellite,_.2我们将把郊游推迟到下个星期，那时我们不会
19、那么忙了。We will put off the outing until next week,_.3那个人犯了很严重的错误，我对他很生气。The man,_,did make a serious mistake.as is reported in the paperswhen we wont be so busywhom I was angry with4里面有很多书的那个房间是我父亲的书房。The room,_,is my fathers study.5约翰通过了考试，这使他的父母很高兴。John passed the exam,_.where there are many bookswh
20、ich made his parents very happy今昔对比类电子邮件第二板块单元写作文体感知描写今昔对比时要根据过去的情况和现在的事实组织材料。这类书面表达的一般写作格式为：1开头提出主题句(提出什么事情发生了变化)；2对过去情况的描述(用过去时态，主要是一般过去时)；3对现在情况的描述(用现在时态，主要是一般现在时)；4总结句。增分佳句Our school/hometown,as all may know,is not what it used to be.Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the last five
21、 years.Two new buildings have been built and are in use.Now,a large number of trees have been planted,which hold the soil and water.I believe that the life of the peasants will get better and better.写作要求假如你是李华，2019 年春节回家过年的时候发现离开了五年的家乡变化很大。请你给朋友 Linda 写一封电子邮件，告诉她这里的变化。要点：1建起许多高楼，城市更加漂亮了；2私家车拥有量增加，人们
22、生活水平提高了；3可以品尝世界各地的美食，如美国、意大利、韩国等地的美食；4与人联系更加方便，如发电子邮件。注意：词数 100 左右。参考词汇：立交桥 overpass；私家车 private car审题谋篇项目结论体裁应用文话题今昔对比时态一般现在时，一般过去时人称第一人称为主，第三人称为辅词汇推敲建起 _ 变化很大_ 对某人来说做某事很方便 _ 玩得开心_ 令我高兴的是_ set upchange a lotit is convenient for sb.to do sth.enjoy oneselfto my delight/enjoyment与某人联系_ 在我有空的时候_ 带领某人参观
23、某处_ keep/get in touch with sb.in my spare timeshow sb.around someplace遣词造句建起许多高楼，这些大楼都很具有现代气息也很漂亮。一般表达：More high buildings have appeared.They are modern and beautiful.高级表达：(用定语从句升级)_More high buildings have appeared，which are modern and beautiful.许多立交桥建立起来，非常方便人们出行。一般表达：Many overpasses have been set
24、 up.It is very convenient for people to travel.高级表达：(用状语从句升级)_Many overpasses have been set up,so it is very convenient for people to travel.相比以前来说，我可以更加容易地联系到你。一般表达：I can keep in touch with you much easier than before.高级表达：(用形式主语 it 升级)_It is much easier for me to keep in touch with you than before
25、.妙笔成篇_One possible version:Dear Linda,I really think that my hometown has changed a lot in the past five years.First,more high buildings have appeared,which are modern and beautiful.Second,many overpasses have been set up,so it is very convenient for people to travel.Third,many families have had pri
26、vate cars.The peoples life here has become rich and colorful.People can enjoy themselves travelling on holidays.To my delight,I can taste delicious food of different countries such as the food of America,Italy and South Korea here.And now it is much easier for me to keep in touch with you than before,because I can email you in my spare time.I hope you can come and Ill show you around.Yours，Li Huaword部分：请做：课时作业练速度 练能力 练规范点此进入该word板块