1、高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书语言是文化的重要载体。“增强对国外文化，特别是英语国家文化的理解”是英语学习的主要目标之一，因此社会文化类阅读是历年高考阅读理解的主要选材方向之一。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书一、题材特点社会文化类文章取材广泛、内容丰富。高考选材时往往以中西文化差异为重点，以社交礼仪、语言学习、生活习惯、人生观、价值观、世界观等为主题；以议论文、记叙文居多，一般一篇文章有一个主题。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书二、解题策略1在平时的阅读中大家要有意识地扩展文化背景知识，加大课外阅读，强化泛读训练，尽可能通过大量阅
2、读了解英语国家的风土人情。2关注生活、关注社会和世界热点问题，多阅读一些反映社会文化现象问题的文章，并在阅读中不断积累一些相关的常用词汇，不断扩大自己的词汇量，减少阅读障碍。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书3在平时训练中不断强化对文章主旨、事实细节和推理判断题的训练，不断提高解题水平。4解答此类文章时，考生要掌握作者介绍某一社会现象所涉及的细节事实，并力图从中把握作者对这一现象的态度和写作意图，尝试根据作者的立场对这一现象进行合理推断。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书三、经典案例(2015 安 徽 阅 读 理 解 E)Food serves as a f
3、orm of communication in two fundamental ways.Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.Food can also have a specific meaning,and play a significant role in a family or cultures celebrations or traditions.The foods we eat and when and how we eat them ar
4、e often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural(农村的)and urban areas within one country.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Sharing bread,whether during a special occasion(时刻)or at the family dinner table,is a common symbol of togetherness.Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marr
5、iages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests.Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread,so this tradition has its roots in the custom of sharing bread.Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations.In the southern United States,pieces of corn bread represent blocks
6、 of gold for prosperity(兴旺)in the New Year.In Greece,people share a special cake called vasilopita.A coin is put into the cake,which signifies(预示)success in the New Year for the person who receives it.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child,and food
7、can play a significant role.In China,when a baby is one month old,families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests.In many cultures,round foods such as grapes,bread,and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.Nutrit
8、ion is necessary for life,so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书72According to the passage,sharing bread_Aindicates a lack of foodBcan help to develop unityCis a custom unique to rural areasDhas its roots in birth
9、day celebrations高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书73What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?ATrust.BSuccess.CHealth.DTogetherness.74 The author explains the role of food in celebrations by_Ausing examples Bmaking comparisonsCanalyzing causes Ddescribing processes高考专题辅导与测试英语
10、创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书75What is the passage mainly about?AThe custom of sharing food.BThe specific meaning of food.CThe role of food in ceremonies.DThe importance of food in culture.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书1.破解阅读障碍词(1)利用词缀法破解障碍词celebrate(v.庆祝)后缀-ion celebration(n.庆祝)together(adj.一起)后缀-nesstogetherness(n.
11、聚集)(2)利用词性转换猜测词义color n颜色v.涂上某种颜色color(v.涂上某种颜色)后缀-edcolored(adj.颜色的)red-colored adj.染成红色的高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书2分析长难句译文：我们吃的食物及我们吃食物的时间和方式在特定的文化中常常是独特的，或者在同一个国家中的农村和城市甚至都有不同。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书3文章结构高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书4技法分析72找词：题干中的关键词为 sharing bread。定位：根据题干关键信息词直接定位到原文第二段，根据第二段第一句
12、“不管在特殊时刻还是在家庭的餐桌上，分享面包都是一种团结精神的常见象征”。故选 B。73找词：题干中的关键词为 vasilopita。定位：根据题干关键信息词直接定位到原文第三段；根据最后两句可知如果吃到蛋糕里事先藏好的硬币，就预示将来会成功。故选 B。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书74按论证方法设置的文章结构题根据第三、四两段可知这两段是通过举例子来解释食物在节日庆典中的重要作用的。故是举例法。故选 A。75分析段落大意，提炼文章主旨：全文讲述了分享食物可增强人与人之间的团结与信任及食物在交际方面和节日中的重大意义。D 项概括最全面。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案
13、 系 列 丛 书A(2015郑州市高三一模)Like most people,I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting.It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery:giving-away makes life so much more exciting.You need not worry if you lack money.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书This is how I experi
14、mented with giving-away.If an idea for improving the window display of a neighbourhood store flashes to me,I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper.One discovery I made about giving-away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back,th
15、ough the return often comes in all unexpected form.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书One Sunday morning,the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home,though it was addressed to me at my office.I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation.More than a year later I needed a p
16、ost-office box for a new business I was starting.I was told at the window that there were no boxes left,and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list.As I was about to leave,the postmaster appeared in the doorway.He had overheard(无意中听到)our conversation.“Wasnt it you that wrote us that let
17、ter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home？”I said yes.“Well,you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you.You dont know what a letter like that means to us.We usually get nothing but complaints.”高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书1 From the pas
18、sage,we understand that the author _Adid not understand the importance of giving until he was in late thirtiesBwas like most people who were mostly receivers rather than giversCreceived the same education as most people during his childhoodDliked most people as they looked upon life as a process of
19、getting语篇解读：本文讲述的是直到三十多岁作者才明白给予对于生活的重大意义，活着并不是一味地索取，而给予也并不取决于是否有钱。作者以两个事例向我们阐述了这个道理。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 A 细节理解题。从第一段中的第二句“It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery:giving-away makes life so much more exciting.”可知，作者直到自己 30 多岁才开始懂得给予使生活更加有意义。故选 A。高考专题辅导与测试英语
20、创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书2According to the author,_Agiving means you will lack moneyBthe excitement of giving can bring you moneyCyou dont have to be rich in order to giveDwhen you give away money,you will be rich解析：选C 细节理解题。从文章第一段的最后一句“You need not worry if you lack money.”可知作者认为给予与金钱无关。A、B、D 三项均不符合题意，故选 C。高
21、考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书3The author would make the suggestion to the storekeeper _Ain writing Bin personCin the window display Dabout the neighbourhood解析：选 B 推理判断题。由第二段第二句“If an idea for improving the window display of a neighbourhood store flashes to me,I step in and make the suggestion to the sto
22、rekeeper.”可知，这是作者假设的一种情况，如果“我”突然发现邻居的橱窗摆设需要改善，“我”会走进去然后跟老板提出建议，即亲自去，故选 B。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书4When the author needed a post-office box,_Ahe had put his name on a waiting listBhe wrote the postmaster a note of appreciationCmany people had applied for post-office boxes beforehim Dhe asked the po
23、stmaster to make one for him高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 C 细节理解题。由第三段第四句“I was told at the window that there were no boxes left,and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list.”可知，当作者需要一个邮箱的时候，他发现已经没有了，而且我前面早就有很多人登记着名字等待，故选 C。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书BWhen should people be made to retire
24、？55？65？Should there be a compulsory age limit?Many old people work well into their 70s and 80s,running families,countries or corporations.Other people,however,despite being fit and highly talented,are forced to retire in their fifties or even earlier because of the regulations of a company or the na
25、tion.This essay will examine whether people should be allowed to continue working as long as they want or whether they should be encouraged to retire at a particular stage.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Some people think there are several arguments for allowing older people to continue working as long as
26、 they are able.First of all,older employees have an immense amount of knowledge and experience which can be lost to a business or organization if they are made to retire.A second point is that older employees are often extremely loyal employees and are more willing to carry out company policies than
27、 younger less committed staff.However,a more important point is regarding the attitudes in society to old people.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书To force someone to resign or retire at 60 indicates that the society does not value the input of these people and that effectively their useful life is over.Age
28、 is irrelevant to a working life,surely if older employees are told they cannot work after 60,this is age discrimination.That they become old does not necessarily mean they are going to be sick.Old people could be more aware,experienced and committed than some youngsters.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Ot
29、hers,however,think that allowing older people to work indefinitely is not a good policy.Age alone is no guarantee of ability.Old people are only ambitious workaholics who are too selfish and self-centered to believe that a younger person could do better.Actually,many younger employees have more expe
30、rience or skills than older staff,who may have been stuck in one area or unit for most of their working lives.Having compulsory retirement allows new ideas in an organization.In addition,without age limits,however,many people would continue to work purely because they did not have any other plans or
31、 roles.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书A third point of view is that older people should be rewarded by society for their lifes labor by being given generous pensions and the freedom to enjoy their leisure.We now have youngsters who cant find jobs because old people are choosing not to retire.Old people a
32、re not retiring because this new generation of “old people”think they will never die due to modern advances in medicine.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书With many young people unemployed or frustrated in low-level positions,there are often calls to compulsorily retire older workers.However,this can affect
33、the older individuals freedom and right to work and can deprive (剥夺)society of valuable experience and insights.I feel that giving workers more flexibility and choice over their retirement age will benefit society and the individual.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书5What is the purpose of this passage?ATo
34、explain the compulsory age limit.BTo discuss the retirement age.CTo examine peoples working life.DTo introduce a particular stage.语篇解读：本文主要讲述了人们对老工人是应该退休还是应该继续工作这一话题的讨论。分别从支持者和反对者两个方面进行了阐述，并在文章最后一段发表了自己的观点。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 B 写作意图题。通读全文可知本文通过介绍老工人是否应该退休这一话题，探讨人们到底应该什么时候退休。故选 B。高考专题辅导与测试
35、英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书6Which of the following is NOT a reason for allowing old people to continue working according to the passage?ATheir contribution should be valued.BTheir experience should be made use of.CThey can help the youngsters.DThey are loyal employees.解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知 A、B、D 三项都是原因。根据排除法
36、，故选 C。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书7It can be inferred in the fourth passage that _Athe young people have more creative spiritsBmodern advances in medicine make old people never dieCpensions and freedom are not given to the old nowDold people believe that a younger person could do better高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新
37、方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 A 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Actually,many younger employees have more experience or skills than older staff,who may have been stuck in one area or unit for most of their working lives.”可知，相比于那些可能被工作经验困住的老员工，年轻员工可能更有创意。故选 A。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书8How is the passage arranged?解析：选 A 篇章结构题。文章第一段
38、引出话题；第二段进行解释说明；第三段和第四段分别从支持和反对的角度展开说明；最后一段进行总结。故选 A。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书CStop wasting your time thinking of reasons for your failures.Instead,realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born.Only you have the power to make those seeds grow.The seeds,and the power to
39、 grow them,are contained in the most awesome machine ever created:the human mind.Success is a choice and not a chance.You were born a winner.You were born rich.You can be a success if only you make the right choice.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书You cannot be successful without first developing your self
40、-confidence.Your level of self-confidence is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself,and thus over your life.People with low self-confidence are people who do not believe that they have any power,or responsibility for their lives.They are always victims.They
41、 are leaves tossed(摇摆)by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe you are responsible for everything that happens in your life.Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance.Succes
42、sful people realize that they are responsible.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Everything happens as a result of something.If we can identify(确定)the cause,we can control the effect.We areresponsible for what we choose to think and believe.One generally rises to the level that one expects.We are responsible
43、 for setting our expectations.Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.In all areas of your life,whether they are financial,physical,or spiritual,you are responsible.Once you recognize this,accept it,and firmly believe it.You are on the road to success.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书9People
44、with low self-confidence are compared to leaves because they _Adont have the power to face their livesBare ready to change their minds Ccant exercise control over themselvesDare easily affected by windy weather语篇解读：这篇文章告诉我们每个人生来就是可以成功、可以富裕的，那么区别到底在哪呢？在于你是否能够让成功的种子发芽。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 C
45、细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“People with low self-confidence are people who do not believe that they have any power,or responsibility for their lives.They are always victims.They are leaves tossed(摇摆)by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.”可知不自信的人是因为他们不相信自己有能力，也不相信自己能够为自己的生活做主。他们
46、就像随风摇摆的落叶。故选 C。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书10Losers would think that _Athey fail only because of bad luckBthey dont make efforts to succeedCsuccess is the result of hard workDworking hard will lead to success解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance.”可知，失败者总是认为事
47、情的发生都是偶然的。故选 A。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书11 It can be inferred from the fifth paragraph that _Awhat we believe in is the result of creative mindBwhether we will succeed depends on our attitudesCsetting our expectations is vital before taking actionDknowing cause and effect is the key to future succe
48、ss高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 B 推理判断题。根据第五段的“We are responsible for setting our expectations.Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.”可知，人们的思想和信念决定一切，走向成功需要对自己充满期望和自信。故选 B。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书12The last paragraph serves as _Aan introduction to another topicBa comparison between two viewsCthe proof of the authors pointsDthe conclusion of the argument解析：选 D 篇章结构题。最后一段主要总结整篇文章的内容，即你要对你的生活负责，要坚信这一点，这样你就会走向成功。故选择 D。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书