1、Module 1British and American EnglishSection Integrating Skills&Cultural Corner练读文 记词汇 学翻译1 教材助读先读通 The Man Who Made Spelling SimpleIn English the spelling of words does not always representthe sound.So people say/raIt/but spell it right,or write,or even rite.Combinations of letters(like ough)may be
2、pronounced in a number of ways.And some words just seem to have too many letters.For Americans things are a little bit easier,thanks to the work of Noah Webster,a teacher who graduated from Yale University in 1778.As a young man he had fought against the British in the American War of Independence,a
3、nd he felt that written English in the newly independent United States should have a distinctive“American”look.So he began his work on American English.His first book,TheElementary Spelling Book，suggestedsimplifyingthe spelling of English words.The book was extremelypopular.By the 1850s it was selli
4、ng one million copies a year,makingit one of the most popular school books ever.Many of the suggestions were quickly adopted.Center instead of centre,program instead of programme,and flavor instead of flavour.Others,however,such as removing silent letterslike the s in island or the final e in examin
5、e,were not.Webster is best known forhis American Dictionary of theEnglish Language，which first appeared in 182821.It introduced22lots of new American words,with information about their pronunciation23 and use,and,of course,the new spelling.The British criticised 24 the dictionary,but it quickly beca
6、me a standard25reference26book in the States.Today,Websters dictionary is still the number one dictionary for American students.再记住 not always 并不总是，表示部分否定。represent vt.代表；描写combination kmbIneInn.组合；结合in a number of ways 以多种方式a little bit 稍微thanks to 幸亏；多亏graduate from 毕业于a teacher 是 Noah Webster 的同位
7、语，who 引导定语从句。as a young man“年轻时”，注意 as 不要直译为“作为”。fight against 与作斗争；为反对而斗争distinctivedIstIktIvadj.与众不同的looklkn.外观；外表；样子；用作复数时，意为“相貌”。suggest doing.建议做simplifysImplIfaIvt.简化extremely adv.尤其，非常现在分词短语在此处作结果状语。ever 与最高级连用，意为“空前，有史以来”；与比较级连用，意为“曾经，以往任何时候”，用来加强语气。adopt vt.采用；采纳；领养silent letters 不发音的字母be b
8、est known for 因而最著名原级：be well known for21 which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 American Dictionaryof the English Language 这本书。22 introduce vt.引进23 pronunciation n发音pronounce v发音24 criticisekrItI saIzvt.批评25 standardstnddadj.标准的26 referencerefrnsn.参考；查阅a reference book 参考书再翻译 简化拼写的人在英语中，单词的拼写并不总是代表其发音。所以人们说/raIt/，
9、但是拼写成 right 或 write，甚至 rite。字母的组合(如 ough)可能有很多发音方式，并且一些单词看上去有太多的字母。对美国人来说，事情(单词拼写)稍微容易些，这多亏了一位叫诺亚韦伯斯特的人，他是一位 1778 年毕业于耶鲁大学的教师。年轻时，他就参加过反对英国的美国独立战争，并且他觉得书面英语在新独立的美国应该有明显的“美国”特色。因此他开始了美式英语的工作。他的第一本书，TheElementary Spelling Book，建议简化英语单词的拼写。这本书非常受欢迎。到 19 世纪 50 年代，每年售出 100 万册，结果它成为史上最受欢迎的校园用书之一。许多建议很快被采纳
10、了。center 代替了 centre,program 代替了programme,flavor 代替了 flavour。然而，其他的，例如去掉 island中不发音的字母 s和 examine 中的最后一个字母 e,则没有被采纳。韦伯斯特最出名的是他的 American Dictionary of the EnglishLanguage，这本词典在 1828 年首次出版。书中引进了大量新的美式单词，且带有它们的发音和用法，当然也有新的拼写方式。英国人批评该词典，但是在美国它却很快成为标准的参考书。今天，韦伯斯特的词典对于美国学生来说依然是头号重要的词典。通语篇 学理解 重分析2 语篇理解Rea
11、d the text carefully and choose the best answers.1Which of the following can replace the word “represent”in the first paragraph?AStand for.BPresent.CTake.DUse.2What can we know about Noah Webster in the text?AHe graduated from Yale University in 1788.BHe once worked as a lawyer.CHe fought against th
12、e British in the War of Independence.DHe is popular among the British.3Which one is NOT the reason for writing an American dictionary?AIn English the spelling of words does not always represent the sound.BSome British words have too many letters.CWebster thought the newly independent United States s
13、hould have a distinctive “American”look.DThe British dictionaries are not good.4Which is TRUE for American Dictionary of the EnglishLanguage?AIt first appeared in 1818.BThe British also like it very much.CIt introduced lots of new American words.DIt is not popular nowadays.答案：14 ACDC记单词 记短语 记句型3 基础梳
14、理记住新知识重点词汇基础词汇1._vt.陈述；提出(观点、计划等)2._ adj.与众不同的3._ n.外观；外表；样子4._adj.标准的present distinctive look standard 记住新知识重点词汇拓展词汇5._ adv.迅速地rapid adj.迅速的6._ n声明；宣告announce v.宣布；声明7._ vt.加；增加addition n.增加；增加物8._n.努力；尝试attempted adj.未遂的9._ vt.简化simple adj.简单的simply adv.简单地；仅仅；只不过rapidly announcement add attempt s
15、implify 记住新知识重点词汇拓展词汇10._ n.组合；结合combine v.结合；联合；组合11._ vt.批评criticism n.批评；批判；指责12._ n.参考；查阅refer v参考；查阅；谈及；提到combination criticise reference 记住新知识重点词汇阅读词汇13.edition n._14.cute adj._15.criticize vt._(广播、电视节目的)期；版逗人喜爱的批评重点短语1._ 进展；相处2_习惯于做某事3_到目前为止4_对过于注意5_拾起；学会6._ 逐渐消失7_同意；支持8_称为9_ 幸亏；多亏get onget u
16、sed to doing sth.so farmake a fuss ofpick upwear offin favour ofrefer to.as.thanks to重点句型1.not 与 always 连用表示部分否定In English the spelling of words _(并不总是)represent the sound.2现在分词短语作结果状语By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year，_(结果使它成为史上最受欢迎的校园用书之一)3now that 引导原因状语从句，意为“既然，因为”Im getting o
17、n just fine，_(因为)I understand the local accent.does not alwaysmaking it one of the most popular school books evernow that研词汇 析句型 练拓展4 要点透析1pick up 学会；开车接(人)；接收(信号)；恢复；好转(教材 P7)If Callum picked up the local accent he started to use it.如果卡勒姆“学会”当地口音，他就会开始使用它。归纳拓展pick out 选出；辨别出一词多义写出下列句中 pick up 的含义(四
18、川卷)Its surprising that your little brother picked upRussian so quicklyhe hasnt lived in Russia very long._The taxi driver picked up the speed so that I could pick up my friend at the airport in time._学会加快(速度)；开车接(人)We were able to pick up the BBC World Service._My friend began to pick up after stayi
19、ng in hospital for several days._接收(信号)恢复；好转能力提升完成句子(四川卷)电影院里如此的黑以至于我没有认出我的朋友。It was so dark in the cinema that I could _.你方便四点来接我并送我去机场吗？Would it be convenient for you _and take me to the airport?hardly pick out myfriendto pick me up at four oclock2add v加；加起来；增添；补充说(教材 P8)Now add some more ideas in
20、 favour of your chosen variety.现在再增加一些观点来支持你选择的英语变体。归纳拓展add.to.往加入add to 增加；加强；增添add up 加起来add up to 总计；总共有基础训练 单句语法填空/单句改错Please add _ the numbers and Im sure it will add up _ more than 1,000.(全国卷)The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks,added that he had enjoyed his stay here._u
21、p to addedadding 能力提升完成句子谚语吃一堑，长一智。Every failure one meets with _ ones experience.(2016天津卷)这本字典过时了：自从它出版以来，这种语言又增添了很多新词汇。The dictionary is out of date:many words _the language since it was published.adds tohave been added to3in favour of 赞同；支持(教材 P8)Now add some more ideas in favour of your chosen v
22、ariety.现在再增加一些观点来支持你选择的英语变体。归纳拓展do sb.a favourdo a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙ask sb.a favour ask a favour of sb.请求某人帮忙in ones favour 对有利能力提升 完成句子从他满意的表情我们得出结论，他支持这项计划。From his satisfied expression，we came to the conclusion that he was _.你能帮我一个忙来支持我们吗？如果这样的话，局势会对我们有利。Could you _ support us?If so,the situat
23、ion will be _.in favor of the plando me a favour/do a favour for me toin our favour我可以请你帮个忙吗？Can I _当然可以，说吧！Sure,go ahead!ask you a favour/ask a favour of you?4present vt.提出；提交；呈递；赠送；呈献(教材 P8)Present your ideas to the rest of the class.把你的观点陈述给班里的其他同学。归纳拓展(1)present sth.to sb.present sb.with sth.把某物
24、赠送/颁发给某人present.to.向陈述/表达(2)present n礼物，赠品；现在；目前at present 目前；现在(3)present adj.出席的；在场的；现在的；当前的be present at.出席温馨提示present 作形容词，表示“出席的，在场的”意思时，通常作表语或后置定语；表示“现在的，目前的”意思时通常用作前置定语。基础训练 单句语法填空/单句改错I am very delighted to be present _ the lecture and to give you a speech.We presented small gifts _ all the
25、guests.Some of the ladies were also presented _ flowers.(2019 黑 龙 江 齐 齐 哈 尔 期 末)At the present,Im busy reviewing my lessons in order to pass the college entrance examination._(湖南卷)Whenever you buy present，you should think about it from the receivers point of view._at to with 去掉present前面的the present前
26、加a 5refer to.as.把称为(教材 P8)The Chinese refer to their language as Han,as it became popular among the people during the Han Dynasty.中国人称他们的语言为汉语，因为它是在汉代的时候开始流行的。归纳拓展(1)refer to 涉及；提到；查阅；参考(2)reference n.参考；查阅reference book 参考书温馨提示refer 的过去式、过去分词和现在分词都先双写“r”，再加上“ed”或“ing”。类似的词还有 prefer。基础训练 单句语法填空/单句改错
27、(2019重庆期中)The Great Wall referred to _ one of the top 10 destinations in the world is visited by people from all over the world.Ive bought an English dictionary which you can refer _ if you meet new words.Youd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future _(refer)The young man ref
28、ers to just now is leaving for the USA tomorrow._as to reference refersreferred 6attempt vt.尝试；试图 n.尝试；试图；企图(教材 P9)Can you see any similarities between Websters work and attempts to simplify Chinese?你能看出韦伯斯特的工作和尝试简化汉语之间的相似之处吗？归纳拓展(1)attempt to do sth.尝试或努力做某事(2)make an attempt at doing/to do sth.尝试或
29、努力做某事at ones first attempt 第一次尝试基础训练 单句语法填空/单句改错(广 东 卷)For many years researchers have attempted _(show)that television is harmful to children.He made an attempt _(pass)the 2018 College Entrance Examination，but he didnt succeed in the end.Not many people can answer this question in the first attempt
30、,so dont be nervous._to show to pass inat 能力提升一句多译我试图与她取得联系，但失败了。I _but failed.(attempt v)I _but failed.(attempt n)attempted to get in touch with her,made an attempt to get in touch with her,7thanks to 幸亏；由于(教材 P9)For Americans things are a little bit easier,thanks tothe work of Noah Webster,a teach
31、er who graduated from Yale University in 1778.对美国人来说，事情(单词拼写)稍微容易些，这多亏了一位叫诺亚韦伯斯特的人。他是一位 1778 年毕业于耶鲁大学的教师。归纳拓展1表示“因为”的短语还有：because of；due to；owing to；on account of；as a result of 等。2上述短语一般在句中只作状语；而 due to 除了作状语还可作定语或表语，并且作状语时一般不位于句首。基础训练 单句语法填空/单句改错Owing _ the bad weather，the plane had to change its
32、course._ a result of his hard work,he defeated all the competitors.Because the heavy rain,they didnt go camping as planned._(2016北京卷)The town was cut off from the rest of the world due for heavy snow._to As Because后加of forto 1(教材 P9)In English the spelling of words does not alwaysrepresent the sound
33、.在英语中，单词的拼写并不总是代表其发音。句中 not 与 always 连用表示部分否定。归纳拓展1英语中的 all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，always，whole，entirely 等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词 not 连用，无论 not 位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。2英语中的 no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere 等表否定意义的词与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。基础训练 单句语法填空/单句改错I agree with most of
34、 what you said,but I dont agree with _.(重 庆 卷)The meeting will be held in September,but _ knows the date for sure.(新课标全国卷)Its an either-or situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do all._everything nobody allboth 能力提升一句多译并不是所有学生都对英语感兴趣。_ interested in English._ in
35、terested in English.Not all the students areAll the students are not2(教材 P9)By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year，making it one of the most popular school books ever.到 19 世纪 50 年代，每年售出 100 万册，结果使它成为史上最受欢迎的校园用书之一。句中 making it one of the most popular school books ever 为现在分词短语作结果状语。归纳拓展
36、1现在分词作结果状语时常用逗号与主句隔开，是伴随主句谓语动作而产生的一种自然而然的结果。有时在其前加副词 thus。2动词不定式作结果状语往往表示出乎意料的结果或不好的结果，而且不定式前常加 only。基础训练 单句语法填空/单句改错a.(重庆卷)The news shocked the public,_(lead)to great concern about students safety at school.b The car was caught in a traffic jam，thus _(cause)the delay.I hurried to the station to see
37、 my friend off,only _(tell)she had left.(天津卷)He got up late and hurried to his office,left the breakfast untouched._leading causing to be told leftleaving 随堂练 固基础 夯根基5 随堂训练.单词拼写1All the people _(在场的)were all quite satisfied with his performance.2Webster wrote a dictionary in order to _(简化)the spelli
38、ng of English words.3The theme of an advertisement must be clear and _(与众不同的)4He _(批评)me for that I did not complete the work in time.present simplify distinctive criticised 5The climbers _(努力)to reach the top of the mountain,but failed.6After the president made an official _(声明)，she expressed her p
39、ersonal opinion.7The questions in the tests are more and more flexible and many of them dont have _(标准的)answers.8Keep the dictionary on your desk for your _(查阅).attempted announcement standard reference.完成句子1并不是所有在这里的学生都能考上重点大学。_ here can be admitted into key universities.2有些学生花了太多的时间在 QQ 和微信上，这让家长和
40、老师很担心。Some students spend too much time on QQ and WeChat,_.Not all the studentsmaking their parents and teachers worried3他试图通过考试，但考试太难了。He _ the exam,but it was too difficult.4所有同学都同意我提出的下周去野炊的建议。All the students were _ my idea that we should go for a picnic the next week.5所谓网虫，就是上网成瘾的人。The people w
41、e _ Net Worms are addicted to the Internet.attempted/made an attempt to pass/at passingin favour ofrefer to as.课文语篇改错Noah Webster,a teacher who graduated from Yale University in 1778,once fight against the British in the American War of Independence.He felt that writing English in the newly independ
42、ent United States should have distinctive “American”look.His first book,The Elementary Spelling Book,suggested simplify the spelling of English words.The book was extreme popular.By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year,making them one of the most popular school books ever.Whats more,We
43、bster is best know for his American Dictionaryof the English Language,which first was appeared in 1828.Today,it was still the number one dictionaries for American students.答案：Noah Webster,a teacher who graduated from Yale University in 1778,once against the British in the American War of Independenc
44、e.He felt that English in the newly independent United States should have distinctive “American”look.His first book,The Elementary Spelling Book,suggested the spelling of English words.The book was popular.By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year,making one of the most popular school books ever.Whats more,Webster is best for his AmericanDictionary of the English Language,which first appeared in 1828.Today,it still the number one for American students.word部分：请做：6课时作业练速度 练能力 练规范点此进入该word板块