1、非谓语总结一.分词1.表语1.The window is broken.2.Im surprised to hear that.3.This book is interesting.4.He is swimming总结:现在分词表示主语的性质或正在进行的动作过去分词表示主语所处于的状态 2.定语falling leaves-fallen leavesboiling water-boiled water区别：现在分词表示正在进行的动作， 过去分词表示已经完成的动作。总结: 动名词表示所修饰名词的用途=n+for+doing现在分词表示所修饰名词的性质和正在进行的动作不定式放于所修饰名词后表示将进
2、行的动作。=定语从句过去分词表示已经完成的被动的动作或状态1.a walking stick=a stick for walking2.a falling leave=a leave which is falling3.an interesting story=a story which is interesting4.Is there anyone to go with me?=Is there anyone who will go with me?5.a lost boy=a boy who has been lost6.a respected teacher=a teacher who
3、is respected3、宾语补足语：其前的谓语动词多是感官动词和使让动词1.He had his arm broken.2.He heard the door locked.3.He kept water running.4,I see him playing the fire now.总结: 1)感官动词后面现在分词表示正在进行的动作过去分词表示被动状态。不定式表示已经完成的动作1.I hear him singing in the next room.2.I found him lost in the thought.3.I see him cross the road and run
4、.2)使让动词后面现在分词表示该动作持续一段时间过去分词表示让别人做或被动动作不定式表示将去做的动作。1.Sorry to have kept you waiting a long time.2.Please have your hair cut tomorrow.3.Yesterday I had my bike stolen.4.状语1)时间状语1.Walking along the street, he met his old friend.=When he was walking along the street,he met his old friend.2.Seen from th
5、e hill,the city looks beautiful.=When it is seen from hill,the city looks beautiful.总结：1。分词等于when,while,after引起的时间状语从句2。在分词前可以加when,while,after.2) 原因状语1.Living in the country,we had few amusements.=As we lived in the country,we had few amusements. 2. Born into a poor family,he had only two years of
6、schooling=As he was born into a poor family,he had only two years of schooling.总结：分词等于as,since,because引起的原因状语从句3)条件状语1.Knowing anything about it, I will tell you all.=If I know anything about it,I will tell you all.2.Given more time,we are sure to finish it.=If we are given more time,we are sure to
7、finish it.总结：1、分词等于if引起的条件状语从句 2、有时可以在分词前加 if4)让步状语1.Buying a lot of books for the exam,he failed in it because of the learning method.=Although he had bought a lot of books for the exam,he failed in it because of the learning method.2.Laughed at by everybody,he had my sympathy=Though he was laughed
8、 at by everybody,he had my sympathy .总结：分词等于although,though,even if,even though引起的状语从句，常用于句首。6)方式状语They eat using their fingers.The lichens came borne by storms.这些地衣是暴风雨带来的。7)伴随状语He sits there listening to the teacher .Train in this country spend too much time stopped, waiting for other trains.在这个国家
9、，火车停留等待其它火车的时间太长了。8)结果状语It rained for two days, delaying our trip.4.He always have his mother wash his clothes.二、状语的逻辑主语一）、逻辑主语通常就是句子中的主语。二）、结果状语的逻辑主语可以是前边的整个句子三）、逻辑主语与句子里的主语不一致1.独立主格结构：分词或不定式可以有自己的逻辑主语，这种主语常常是名词和代词，置于分词之前。二者构成一种独立结构，在句中做状语，放于句首，句末，偶尔也置于句中。1.This done,we went home.2.Table set,they b
10、egan to have lunch.3.Time permiting,we will go for a walk.4. A lot work to do ,I have to stay at home.2、With结构：分词独立结构之前可用介词withwithout，介词在此没有什么意义，这种结构比较口语化。1.He was brought in with hands tied behind.2.The old man stood there with a finger pointing to the front.3.He was lying in bed without anything
11、to do.三、总结一）主语、宾语、表语动名词表示泛指或习惯性的动作不定式表示一次具体的动作二）定语（见上文）三）宾语补足语（见上文）四）时态及语态 To have been doing完成进行式 To be doing进行式 To have been doneTo have done完成式 To be done To do 一般式 被动语态 主动语态 语态时态五）状语Not having been doneHaving been doneNot having doneHaving done完成式not being donebeing done not doingdoing一般式否定式肯定式否定式 肯定式 被动式 主动式 语态时态*让步*伴随*过去分词*现在分词*不定式方式目的结果原因条件时间状语六）词性及句子成分*宾补*状语*过去分词*现在分词*不定式*动名词 定语 表语 宾语主语词性*过去分词*现在分词*动词不定式 *动名词副词形容词名词词性