1、高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书高考阅读理解的题材广泛、体裁多样，其中科普知识类文章是每年的必考题，其试题的取材与当前科学技术等方面的发展密切相关。此类文章将知识、科学、人文融为一体。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书一、题材特点科普类阅读通常讲述一个科学道理，介绍一项新的发现或最新研究成果，文章通常显得陌生、抽象和复杂。所选用的篇章虽然可能是学生不熟悉的话题，但同时确实基于目前生活现实。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书二、语篇结构正如严密的科学思想一样，科普类阅读的语篇结构严谨、逻辑性强。这种解释类说明体裁与叙事类文章大不相同，它围绕
2、着明确的主题，以严谨的逻辑结构展开，层次分明、段落清晰。从段落上，一般由导语(introduction)，背景(background)，主体(mainbody)和结尾(ending)四部分构成。主题句通常在句首或句尾。内容上一般由 who(谁的研究)，when(什么时候做的研究)，why(为什么研究该内容)，what(研究了什么)，how(这项研究的原理)和 where(目前研究的现状，即：研究到什么地步或有什么样的意义)等组成。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书三、解题策略综上，结合科普类阅读的题材、结构、语言和设题的特点，我们如何快速有效地对文章进行整体的把握呢？高考专题
3、辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书1注重日常积累，培养科学思维在日常的学习生活中，增加科普类读物的阅读，熟悉科普类文章的语言风格，分析它们的结构脉络，感受作者的写作角度和态度。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书2夯实英语基础，高度决定深度英语阅读绝不是抛开语法谈文章，而是在利用基本的语法结构来更好、更恰当地表达作者的想法。在科普类文章中，一定要加强对长难句的分析，这就需要同学们有扎实的基本功，只有对句式有着高度的把握，才会对文意有更深程度的领会。同时也要熟悉一些基本的应用构词法，这样在猜词时会受益颇深。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书3细心抓住细
4、节，整体提炼大意在把握文章整体结构、理清文章脉络的基础上，不要因行文中出现的个别生词而心慌，也不要因为句式的复杂而不知所措，准确地把握关键词、关键句，进而总结全文的中心思想。那么哪些句子是关键词、关键句呢？关键词包括顺序词，如 first,second 等；关联词，如 but,why 等；过渡词，如 however,in addition to 等。关键句指的是主题句及每段的首句。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书4带着问题读文章，方向明确心不慌这是快速阅读的前提，带着设题的题干(不必过多关注四个选项，否则会扰乱思维)来阅读。在通读整篇文章之前做好相应准备的同时，能够把握考点
5、，确定阅读方向。有了这个方向标，就不难在文章中找到重点，确定关键词和关键句。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书四、经典案例(2015安徽阅读理解 C)As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information,are people remember less?If you know your computer will save information,why store it in your own personal memory,your brain?Experts are wo
6、ndering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书In a recent study,Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments.She and her research team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory.In the first experiment,they gave people 40 unimportant facts to ty
7、pe into a computer.The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information.The second group understood that the computer would not save it.Later,the second group remembered the information better.People in the first group knew they could find the information again,so they d
8、id not try to remember it.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书In another experiment,the researchers gave people facts to remember,and told them where to find the information on the computer.The information was in a specific computer folder(文件夹).Surprisingly,people later remember the folder location(位置)better
9、than the facts.When people use the Internet,they do not remember the information.Rather,they remember how to find it.This is called “transactive memory(交互记忆)”高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书According to Sparrow,we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet.Instead,computer user
10、s are developing stronger transactive memories;that is,people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date.This doesnt mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent,but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.高
11、考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书64The passage begins with two questions to _Aintroduce the main topicBshow the authors attitudeCdescribe how to use the InternetDexplain how to store information高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书65What can we learn about the first experiment?AThe Sparrows team typed the information
12、into a computer.BThe two groups remembered the information equally well.CThe first group did not try to remember the information.DThe second group did not understand the information.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书66In transactive memory,people _Akeep the information in mindBchange the quantity of informa
13、tion Corganize information like a computerDremember how to find the information高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书67 What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrows research?AWe are using memory differently.BWe are becoming more intelligent.CWe have poorer memories than before.DWe need a better way
14、to access information.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书1破解阅读障碍词(1)利用词缀法破解障碍词depend(v.依赖；依靠)后缀-entdependent(adj.依赖的；依靠的)否定前缀 un-important(adj.重要的)unimportant(adj.不重要的)(2)利用词性转换猜测词义store n商店v.存储access n通道；接近 v.提取(计算机信息)高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书2分析长难句译文：相反，计算机用户正在形成更强的交互记忆，也就是说，人们正在学会怎样组织大量的信息以便于在后来使用时能够从计算机
15、中提取出来。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书3.文章结构高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书4技法分析64通读全文，把握段落大意根据第一段提出的两个问题；第二、三段用实验证明这个问题；第四段做出结论。第一段提出的这两个问题的目的是介绍文章的主要话题。故选 A。65定位：文章第二段。详读：该段大意：两组人在实验一的表现说明了因特网改变了人类的记忆方式。推理：根据最后一句可知第一组人没试图记住这些信息。故选 C。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书66找词：题干中的关键词 transactive memory。定位：由关键词可知该题定位于第三段；
16、由该段最后三句可知“交互记忆”是人们在使用网络时并不试图记住一些信息，而是记住如何找到某些信息。故选 D。67找词：题干中的关键词 according to Sparrows research。定位：由关键词可知该题定位于末段；该段说明了研究结果为：不是人们的记忆力变差了，而是人们记忆信息的方式正在发生改变。故选 A。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书A(2015太原市第二学段测评)Since Henry Ford turned it into a mass-market product a century ago,the car has delivered many ben
17、efits.It has promoted economic growth,increased social mobility and given people a lot of fun.But the car has also brought many problems.It pollutes the air,creates traffic jams and kills people.An astonishing 1.24 million people die,and as many as 50 million are hurt,in road accidents each year.高考专
18、题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Drivers and passengers waste around 90 billion hours in traffic jams each year.In some car-choked cities as much as a third of the petrol used is burned by people looking for a space to park.Fortunately,a new technology promises to make motoring safer,less polluting and less t
19、endency to hold-ups.“Connected cars”which may eventually develop into driverless cars but for the foreseeable future will still have a human at the wheel can communicate wirelessly with each other and with traffic-management systems,avoid walkers and other vehicles and find open parking spots.高考专题辅导
20、与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Some parts of the transformation are already in place.Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them keep their distance and stay in a motorway automatically at a range of speeds.Soon,all new cars in Europe will have to be able to warn the emergency services
21、 if their on-board sensors (传感器)discover a crash.Singapore has led the way with using variable tolls(道路通行费)to smooth traffic flows during rush-hours;Britain is pioneering “smart motorways”，whose speed limits vary constantly to achieve a_similar_effect.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Combined,these new inv
22、entions could create a much more highly effective system in which cars and their drivers are constantly warned of dangers and showed the ways,traffic always flows at the proper speed and vehicles can travel closer together,yet with less risk of crashing.In the past,more people driving meant more roa
23、ds,more jams,more death and more pollution.In future,the connected car could offer mankind the pleasures of the road with rather less of the pain.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书1According to Paragraph 2,the problem of parking has resulted in _Amore time on the roadBa great waste of fuelCeven heavier traf
24、fic jamsDincreased death and injuries语篇解读：本文是一篇科技文。主要介绍了未来的汽车。汽车给人们带来方便之余，也给人们的生活带来了许多问题，甚至威胁到了人们的生命和安全。幸运的是，一项新科技有望减少污染和拥堵，并使驾驶变得更安全。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第二段“In some car-choked cities as much as a third of the petrol used is burned by people looking for a space to park.”可知，在一些拥挤
25、的城市里，寻找停车位所耗费的汽油占汽油使用量的三分之一，说明停车造成大量汽油的浪费，故选 B。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书2What does“a similar effect”in Paragraph 4 refer to?AReducing traffic jams.BBuilding smart motorways.CSetting proper speed limits.DKeeping steady traffic flows.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 D词义猜测题。根据本段“Singapore has led the wa
26、y with using variable tolls(道路通行费)to smooth traffic flows during rush-hours”可知，新加坡通过使用浮动的道路通行费来疏导车流，英国也正在采取措施来取得类似的效果，故选 D。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书3What is the authors attitude towards connected cars?ACurious.BDoubtful.CSupportive.DDisappointed.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 C 观点态度题。根据第四段“these ne
27、w inventions could create a much more highly effective system”和第五段“In future,the connected car could offer mankind the pleasures of the road with rather less of the pain.”可知，作者认为这种新的发明能创造出一种更有效的交通体制，在带给人们驾车的乐趣的同时，也会减少事故带来的伤痛，说明作者对这项发明是支持的，故选 C。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书4Which of the following can be
28、 the best title of the text?AThe Future of Cars:Wireless WheelsBThe Future Traffic Management SystemCThe Benefits and Problems of CarsDThe Promising Future of Car Production高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 A标题归纳题。根据第三段“a new technology promises to make motoring safer,less polluting and less tendency t
29、o hold-ups.Connected cars which may eventually develop into driverless cars”和第四段“Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them keep their distance”和第五段“In future,the connected car could offer.”可知，文章主要讲的是未来的汽车，而不是未来的交通管理系统。故选 A。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书BRobots that can chat,fi
30、nd misplaced glasses,draw aeroplanes and play with your children are attracting thousands of visitors during an expo in Tokyo as Japan adapts to changes in society.Robots,such as the sound-sensitive Chapit,answer simple questions and even joke with people to help them fight loneliness and stay alert
31、 in old age.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Japan has been one of the worlds fastest-ageing societies and the government predicts that by 2050 the proportion of people over 65 will reach 40 percent.“Many older people in Japan live alone and have no one to talk to，”said Kazuya Kitamura representative of th
32、e expo organizer.“Communication robots accompany people and dont mind listening to the same stories over and over again.”高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Matsumotos Personal Mobility Robot,equipped with four cameras and a sensor to recognize the users centre of gravity,is designed to help elderly move arou
33、nd without pressing buttons,using joysticks(操纵杆)or rotating wheels as in traditional wheelchairs.The robot can also help find misplaced glasses by identifying them with a sensor.Other robots,such as the award-winning“DiGRO”can support busy parents who have little time to play with their children.The
34、 robot can use the Internet to find a simple image and then draw pictures,keeping children company while parents work.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书While Chapit,a relatively simple robot,managed to attract a corporate partner many researchers,such as Kiyoshi Matsumoto,a professor at the University of To
35、kyo,struggle to attract sponsors for more expensive projects.“We have developed a robot that can assist many people,but we still havent found a sponsor,”said Matsumoto,who added that the cost of the machine,if mass-produced,would be comparable to that of a car.“In the current economic environment th
36、ere are few companies willing to invest in such a costly project，”he said.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书5It can be inferred from the text that _Amany children lack love from parentsBrobots helpful to the old will be in great demandCrobots are the most useful to childrenDrobots do better than people in h
37、ealthcare语篇解读：本文是一篇科技文。讲述日本发明的机器人可以陪伴老人、帮助老年人走动，也可以帮忙找到放错地方的眼镜。还有一些机器人可以画画以及与小孩子玩耍。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 B 推理判断题。文中第二、三、四段都在讲述这种机器人能陪伴孤独老人，给他们讲笑话，还可以与老人交流，听老人讲一遍又一遍同样的故事也不会觉得烦，机器人还能帮助老人四处走动等等，从这些可以推断出对老人有帮助的机器人在未来会有很大需求。故选 B。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书6It is difficult to find sponsors for ro
38、bots because _AJapan is suffering economy depressionBthe robots are of poor designCthe production of robots costs a lotDthe future market is worrying高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书解析：选 C 细节理解题。从文中最后一段“who added that the cost of the machine,if mass-produced,would be comparable to that of a car”他补充说如果批量生产，
39、机器的成本就相当于一辆汽车的成本，可见机器人的成本太高，故很难找到赞助商，故选 C。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书7What is the authors attitude towards the robots referred to?AUnsatisfied.BDoubtful.CFavorable.DRegretful.解析：选 C 观点态度题。结合全文可知，作者介绍了诸多关于日本生产的机器人的功能，从第一段最能体现作者的态度，虽然机器人生产的赞助商很难找，但是这些新型机器人确实吸引人眼球，故作者对于机器人的发展是赞成的。故选 C。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书
