1、高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书高考阅读理解要求考生在规定的时间内完成 4 篇不同体裁、题材的阅读理解题。考生不仅要能正确理解文章的表层意思，还要能通过表层意思合理地推断出文章的隐含意义。近几年阅读理解的命题已从对传统知识的掌握情况的考查转向对能力的考查，命题者更关注考生用英语获取信息的能力和处理相关信息的能力。随着高考的发展，英语阅读理解这一题型已经成熟。为了帮助考生清楚地了解英语阅读理解题的情况，下面将具体分析全国卷英语阅读理解题的命题特点：高考专题辅导与测试英语创
2、新 方 案 系 列 丛 书1.体裁和题材高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书2.设题类型及数量高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书3.正确选项的 5 种命制规律同义替换同义替换是历年高考阅读题的出题者常用的设置障碍的技巧，需要注意的是，有时为了增加难度，出题者在保证含义不变的前提下故意将正确选项的句子结构加以改变。简化总结/合理推断阅读理解设计选项的一条原则是尽量使用简练的语言和较少的词语，这就是为什么很多正确选项具有较强的概括性，它们其实就是对原文的简化和总结，并且这些选项能够对原文内容做出合乎情理的推断。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书正
3、话反说即选项用否定的方式(如双重否定句)来表述文中用肯定方式所表述的内容，两者的意思相同。反话正说即文中用否定方式来表达的内容，在选项中用肯定的方式把同样的意思表达出来。合理猜测此类题目通常为语义理解题，正确选项通常能够根据上下文提供的线索，对文中的关键词、短语或句子在特定语境下的含义做出合理的推测。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书4干扰选项的 5 种命制规律无中生有此类干扰项具有的一个特点是凭空捏造，但所“造”的内容通常与文章所谈论的问题相关，并且看上去很符合提出的问题，而事实上文章中根本没有涉及干扰项的内容。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书曲解文意阅
4、读理解题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能利用里面的字词设计出干扰项，看似表达文章的意思，其实是借题发挥，是对原文意思的曲解。张冠李戴要起到干扰的效果，高考命题专家常用的一个手段就是张冠李戴。通过使用原文中出现的词汇甚至句式，把本来适用于一种情况的内容移用到其他情况。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书颠倒是非干扰项的内容常涉及原文中提及的一些内容或现象，但选项的意思可能与原文恰恰相反。以偏概全以偏概全一般是全文主旨题或段落主旨题中的选项，指的是用文章某个段落的论点来代替整篇文章的中心思想或者用段落的论据来概括段落的大意等。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案
5、系 列 丛 书细节理解题细节理解题是高考英语阅读理解中考查最多的一种题型，它要求考生对原文相关细节进行准确理解。这类题型的解题思路可分为如右图所示两步：高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书【使用说明】1首先要确定是在题干中还是在选项中找关键词。如果题干里包含文章细节的信息，则在题干中寻找关键词。如果题干中没有提到任何关于文章的信息，如：Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage？则需要在四个选项中寻找用以定位的关键词。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛
6、 书2以关键词为线索，返回文章跳读寻查。只有找到关键词或与之相关的词所在的句子，通过筛选信息，将定位范围缩到最小，才能节省解题时间，保证答题效率。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书典例(2015全国卷阅读理解 A 节选)Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum1Our monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except August.Admission is at normal charges and you dont need to book.They
7、 end around 21：00.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书November_7th2The Canal Pioneers,by Chris Lewis.James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building.Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such
8、a positive contribution to the education of that group of early“civil engineers”.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书21When is the talk on James Brindley?AFebruary 6th.BMarch 6th.CNovember 7th.DDecember 5th.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书方法运用Step 1:找词 题干中的关键词为 James Brindley。Step 2:定位 查找原文，根据题干关键信息词 James Brindley
9、 直接定位到原文第二段，尤其是关键信息句“James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.”和“Chris Lewis will.early civil engineers”。由此可以知道 November 7th 这一天的报告是关于 James Brindley 的，故选择 C 项。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书典例(2015全国卷阅读理解 B 节选).3Disappointed by many a broken,vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的)promise,Ive
10、 refused to buy winter tomatoes for years.No matter how attractive they look in the store,once I get them home theyre unfailingly dry,hard,and tasteless.But I homed in,with uncertainty,on one particular table at the Browns Grove Farms stand,full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist.These w
11、ere the real deal and at that moment,I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldnt be experiencing again for months.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书26What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?AThey are soft.BThey lo
12、ok nice.CThey taste great.DThey are juicy.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书方法运用Step 1:找词 题干中的关键词为：tomatoes sold in winter。Step 2:定位 查读原文，定位第三段中的“.Ive refused to buy winter tomatoes for years.”对应信息词为：buy winter tomatoes，然后通过“No matter how attractive they look in the store,once I get them home theyre unfaili
13、ngly dry,hard,and tasteless.”可知，纽约冬季出售的西红柿只是看起来好看，但是吃着发干、很硬而且无味。how attractive they look 对应 B 项 they look nice，故 B 项正确。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书典例(2015福建阅读理解 A 节选)Food festivals around the worldStilton Cheese Rolling1May Day is a traditional day for celebrations,but the 2，000 English villagers of S
14、tilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans.Teams of four,dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes,roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course.On the way,they must not kick or throw their cheese,or go into their competitors lane(赛道)高考专题辅导与
15、测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos(disappointingly,but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones).All the competitors are served with beer or port wine,the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese.
16、高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Fiery Foods Festival The Hottest Festival on Earth2Every year more than 10，000 people head for the city of Albuquerque,New Mexico.They come from as far away asAustralia,the Caribbean and China,but they all share a common addiction food that is not just spicy(辛辣),but hot eno
17、ugh to make your mouth burn,your head spin and your eyes water.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March.You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepper officially the hottest pepper in the world or
18、any one of the thousands of products that are on show.But one things for sure if you dont like the feeling of a burning tongue,this festival isnt for you!高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书La Tomatina The Worlds Biggest Food Fight3On the last Wednesday of every August,the Spanish town of Bunol hosts La Tomat
19、ina the worlds largest food fight.A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the weeks events.The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes official fight-starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书59
20、Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.BMore than 10，000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.CThousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.D An exciting toma
21、to battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书方法运用Step 1:找词 选项中的关键词：A.The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition;BMore than 10，000 Chinese;CThousands of spicy foods are on show;DAn exciting tomato battle takes place。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Step 2:定
22、位 查读原文，逐项排除。文中第一段第四句中的“.the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese.”说明奖品是 a complete Stilton cheese，故 A 项错误；根据文中第二段第一、二两句可知，参加者来自世界各地，故 B项错误；根据文中第二段倒数第二句可知 C 项正确；根据第三段第二句可知，“西红柿大战”发生在节日结尾，而不是节日的开始，故 D 项错误。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书推理判断题推理判断题考查学生根据字面意思，通过全篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示、推敲作者的态度、理解文章寓意的能力。推理判断题所涉及的内容
23、可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，甚至是文章或段落的主题。不论做哪一类推理判断题，指导思想都是要以文字信息为依据，不能浮于表面，但也不能做多步推理。解题时可按以下三步走：高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书【使用说明】定位时需注意：1.题干有线索，定位原文相关语句做出推理；2.题干无线索，如 It can be inferred from the passage that.等，在选项中寻找线索，排除不可能选项，依据最可能选项中的关键词定位原句，做出推理；3.infer,conclude 题型或推测上、下段内容的题型，须到文
24、章或段落主题所在位置作判断。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书典例(2015全国卷阅读理解 B 节选).4Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight,my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty,a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton,where luckily for me I was planning to h
25、ave dinner that very night.Without even seeing the menu,I knew Id be ordering every tomato on it.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书27What was the author going to do that evening?AGo to a farm.BCheck into a hotel.CEat in a restaurant.DBuy fresh vegetables.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书方法运用Step 1:定位 题干中的关键词为 that
26、 evening。查读原文，定位文章第四段。Step 2:详读 详读第四段，尤其是“.I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty,a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton,where luckily for me I was planning to have dinner that very night.”句中的 that very night 是关键信息词，由此可知，这个农场是 Jack Dusty(一个新开的饭馆)的一个(蔬
27、菜和水果)供应商，而幸运的是作者那晚正好要在那吃饭。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Step 3:推理 由关键词所在句、段的大意可推出 C项正确。文章第四段并未提到“晚上去一个农场”“入住一家宾馆”，因此可以排除 A、B 两项。文章最后一句话说的是在那个饭馆直接点(order)每一道带西红柿的菜，而不是 D 项所说的“买新鲜的蔬菜”。故选 C。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书典例(2015天津阅读理解 D 节选)1Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk,I went to a f
28、riend.He looked at me for a moment,and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice Ive ever had：Be bold and brave and mighty(强大的)forces will come to your aid.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书2Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past,it was seldom because I had tried and
29、 failed.It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all.On the other hand,whenever I had plunged into deep water,forced by courage or circumstance,I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.3Boldness means a decision to bite_off_more_than_you_a
30、re_sure_you_can_eat.And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces.They are potential powers we possess:energy,skill,sound judgment,creative ideas even physical strength greater than most of us realize.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书4Admittedly,those mighty forces are spiritual ones.But they are
31、 more important than physical ones.A college classmate of mine,Tim,was an excellent football player,even though he weighed much less than the average player.“In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player,who had nothing but me between him and our goal line，”said Tim.“I was so frighte
32、ned that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet(子弹)and stopped him cold.”高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书5Boldness a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme is not one that can be acquired overnight.But it can be taught to children and developed in adults.Confidence
33、builds up.Surely,there will be setbacks(挫 折)and disappointments in life;boldness in itself is no guarantee of success.But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书6So,always try to live a little
34、bit beyond your abilities and youll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.55What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?ATo encourage people to be courageous.BTo advise people to build up physical power.CTo tell people the ways to guarantee success.DTo recommend people to dev
35、elop more abilities.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书方法运用Step 1:定位 本文开篇先提出一次经历，然后是围绕这次经历论述大胆勇敢的重要性。故作者的写作意图应定位于最后一段“So,always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities and youll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.”Step 2:详读 由最后一段可推断出作者的结论为：做超出自己能力的事情，然后你会发现自己的能力要比想象的大的多。Step 3:推理 作者
36、意在鼓励人们大胆勇敢，故答案为 A 项。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书典例(2015重庆阅读理解 A 节选).7I didnt expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs.Smith,so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day with an“A”on it.At the bottom of the paper were these words:“See what you can do when you keep trying？”38W
37、hat was Mrs.Smiths attitude to the author at the end of the story?AAngry.B.Impatient.C.Sympathetic.DEncouraging.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书方法运用Step 1:定位 由题干中的 at the end of the story 定位文章最后一段的最后一句“See what you can do when you keep trying？”Step 2:详读 本文讲述了作者有注意力不集中的问题，但在老师的鼓励下，最终克服了自己的问题。全文意在说明一个人可以通过努
38、力克服自己的缺陷。Step 3:推理 Mrs.Smith 对于“我”的态度是鼓励的，故 D 项正确。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书词义猜测题分析近几年高考英语阅读理解题可以看出，词义猜测题几乎每年都有涉及。这种不通过使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力是考生必须具备的，也是阅读测试中经常考查的一种能力。常见的考查方式有：1.直接猜测某个词的含义；2.判断文中的某个代词指代的对象；3.对文中的多义词或短语进行精确定义；4.对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行直接的或解释性的描述。如右图所示是词义猜测题的八种解题方法：高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛
39、书高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书【使用说明】1利用指代内容猜测词义指代词汇的猜测即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词所指代的内容。对于代词指代内容的判断，我们首先要连读前、后段落，了解前、后两段的内容，然后判断画线代词的类型。接下来仔细阅读前句，一般来说代词的词义猜测主要是看前面句子所出现的名词及相当于名词的表达。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书2利用对比或比较的词语来猜测词义当作者强调的事物之间有区别或对立时往往会运用对比的手法，即运用有对比关系的词语，例如反义词，也可以暗示生词的含义。注意这些词语和内容则能帮助判断所需内容。能体现对比关系的
40、词语主要有 but,yet,however,while,unlike,instead,on the other hand,on the contrary,in contrast to 等。标点符号中的分号也可表示对比。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书3利用文章中的举例来猜测词义在阅读理解中考生可以根据文章所举的例子，从具体到一般，猜出该生词的意思。常用来引出所举例子的提示词语有 such as,for example,for instance,like 等。4利用定语或同位语来猜测词义通常引出该词同位语的词或短语有 or,that is,in other words 等，还
41、有的同位语以括号或破折号的形式出现。在这些标记词后考生可较容易地找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书5利用因果关系来猜测词义因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。一定的原因会导致一定的结果，某一结果总是由某种或某些原因引起的。作者在叙述原因的过程中就必然会把词或句子置于因果关系中。常见的表示因果关系的词汇有 since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,due to,result in,result from,as a result,for this re
42、ason,accordingly,so that,so.that,such.that 等。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书6利用上下文语境，通过对对应结构或平行结构中的同义词、反义词进行推断来猜测词义。7利用定义来猜测词义在许多情况下，作者估计某个词一般读者不熟悉，则会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释，这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。通过阅读定义和解释部分，读者便可理解该词的基本含义。线索词有 that,which,is 等。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书8利用构词法知识来猜测词义分析复合词：如果一个生词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的复合词，可以从该词的
43、各个部分的特定意思及联系上猜出该词的意思。考生同时要了解构词法知识，掌握大纲所要求的对前、后缀的理解。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书典例(2015重庆阅读理解 D 节选)1There are many places to go on safari(观赏野生动物)in Africa,but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswanas Okavango Delta must rank as one of the worlds most exciting wildlife journeys.高考专题辅导与测试英语
44、创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书2Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure,providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.The camps have excellent horses,professional guides and lots of support workers.They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.48What does the
45、 underlined word“They”refer to?AFlooded waters.BWildlife journeys.CSafari camps.DUnique rides.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书方法运用以指代内容猜词根据上文内容可知，这句话的意思为：它们因提供非凡的骑马经历而享有极高的声誉。由此可判断出 they 指代的是前面的 safari camps。故选 C 项。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书典例 1(2015全国卷阅读理解 A 节选)1My color television has given me nothing b
46、ut a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldnt fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later,when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at
47、 seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed_off for the night.Fortunately,I didnt get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书2Which of the
48、following can best replace the phrase“signed off”in Paragraph 1?Aended all their programsBprovided fewer channelsCchanged to commercialsDshowed all-night movies高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书方法运用利用对比或比较的词语来猜测词义根据该短语前的“I would keep it on”说明作者非常喜欢看电视，一直看到电视台停止播放节目为止，所以 A项“结束所有的节目”与短语 sign off“结束广播/电视节目”意义相
49、近，故选 A 项。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书典例 2(2015安徽阅读理解 D 节选).3In fact,when it comes to the art of war,ants have no equal.They are completely fearless and will readily take_ona creature much larger than themselves,attacking in large groups and overcoming their target.Such is their devotion to the common
50、good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书70What does the underlined expression “take on”in Paragraph 3 mean?AAccept.BEmploy.CPlay with.DFight against.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书方法运用以语境猜词根据第三段第一句中的 w
51、ar 和第二句中的 attack 可知该段主要谈论的是蚂蚁与其他动物的斗争。故可猜测出take on 的意思是“对抗”，即 fight against。故选 D 项。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书典例(2015福建阅读理解 D 节选)1Life can be so wonderful,full of adventure and joy.It can also be full of challenges,setbacks(挫 折)and heartbreaks.Whatever our circumstances,we generally still have dreams
52、,hopes and desires that little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones.Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem,because when we go to change the way we do things,up come the old patterns and pitfalls(陷阱)that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.高考专题
53、辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书2This tension between what we feel we can have and what were seemingly able to have is the niggling(烦人的)suffering,the anxiety we feel.This is where we usually think its easier to just give up.But were never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more.The intel
54、ligence behind that knowing is us the real us.Its the part that believes in life and its possibilities.If you drop that,you begin to feel a little“dead”inside because youre dropping“you”.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书2This tension between what we feel we can have and what were seemingly able to have is
55、the niggling(烦人的)suffering,the anxiety we feel.This is where we usually think its easier to just give up.But were never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more.The intelligence behind that knowing is us the real us.Its the part that believes in life and its possibilities.If you
56、 drop that,you begin to feel a little“dead”inside because youre dropping“you”.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书方法运用以语境猜词画线部分的release from the jail of your mind 的字面意思是“从你思想的束缚中解脱出来”，再结合第一段和第二段开头一句可知我们生活中可能会因挑战、挫折和伤心而产生紧张。由此，我们可猜测画线部分的内涵意义是“摆脱你的紧张”。故选择 C 项。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书主旨大意题主旨大意题要求考生对全文的内容或某一段的内
57、容加以合理地归纳，目的是检查考生对短文整体或某一段落的理解概括能力。它可以是对文章或段落中心的陈述，也可以是文章标题的选择。在做主旨大意题时，我们可以按以下两步走：高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书典例(2015全国卷阅读理解 B 节选)1Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make you
58、r environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书2Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating,for people are often less self-conscious(难为情)when theyre in
59、 poorly lit places and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesnt have enough window light,get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书3Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study,people who ate meals in a blue room consu
60、med 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing,while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when its time to repaint,go blue.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书4Dont forget the clock or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70
61、fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time,and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while youre at it,actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down,turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal
62、.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书5Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one,total intake(摄入)jumps by 14 percent.And well pour about 30 percent mo
63、re liquid into a short,wide glass than a tall,skinny glass.8What can be a suitable title for the text?AIs Your House Making You Fat?BWays of Serving DinnerCEffects of Self-ConsciousnessDIs Your Home Environment Relaxing?高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书方法运用Step 1：瞻首顾尾，定位中心句本文是一篇说明文，此类文章具有明确的主题，层次分明、段落清晰，主旨
64、大意往往在首段即有体现。本文的主题句在文章的首段首句：Your house may have an effect on your figure。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Step 2：转义概括，或取其一本文首句即提出全篇主旨：你的房子可能影响你的身材。接着文章主要介绍了房间的亮度、墙壁的颜色、吃饭的速度以及吃饭时使用的器皿大小等都与一个人的身材有关。因此 A 项“你的房子正让你发胖吗？”既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，最适合做文章标题，B、C、D 三项内容均与本文主题不符。故选 A。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书典例(2015陕西阅读理解 B 节选)
65、1When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life,she did what comes naturally.The four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and,being a city animal,lost both her sheep and her sense of direction.Then she ran along the edge of a cliff(悬崖)and fell 100 feet,boun
66、cing off a rock into the sea.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书2Her owner Mike Holden panicked and called the coastguard of Cornwall,who turned up in seconds.Six volunteers slid down the cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a 90-minute search.3Three days later,a hurr
67、icane hit the coast near Cornwall.Mr.Holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet was dead.He comforted himself with the thought she had died in the most beautiful part of the country.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书4For the next two weeks,the Holdens were heartbroken.Then,one day,the
68、 phone rang and Steve Tregear,the coastguard of Cornwall,asked Holden if he would like his dog back.5A birdwatcher，armed with a telescope,found the pet sitting desperately on a rock.While he sounded thealarm,a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书6The d
69、og had initially been knocked unconscious(失去知觉的)but had survived by drinking water from a fresh stream at the base of the cliff.She may have fed on the body of a sheep which had also fallen over the edge.“The dog was very thin and hungry，”Steve Tregear said.“It was a very lucky dog.She survived beca
70、use of a plentiful supply of fresh water，”he added.7It was,as Mr.Holden admitted,“a minor miracle(奇迹)”高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书53Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AMiracle of the Coastguard.BSurviving a Hurricane.CDangers in the Wild.DComing Back from the Dead.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新
71、 方 案 系 列 丛 书方法运用Step 1：分析段落大意第一段：小狗 Judy 追羊，坠入悬崖。第二段：主人 Mike Holden 求助未果。第三段：主人认为小狗已死。第四段：绝望的主人收到关于小狗的信息。第五段：小狗的获救过程。第六段：小狗生存的原因。第七段：总的评价。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书Step 2:提炼文章主旨综合各段段意可知，整篇文章主要讲的是一条狗奇迹般活下来的事情，故 D 项 Coming Back from the Dead 最符合整篇文章的脉络。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书篇章结构题篇章结构题主要是针对文章的整体篇章结
72、构或某一段落的展开层次所设置的问题。即高考对文章结构的考查主要涉及两个层次：一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构；二是按写作手法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。因此这类题的解题思路也分为两种，如右图所示：高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书【使用说明】1文章的段落组织通常采用总分；分总；总分总的框架；2.内容的展开则常用以下手法：时间顺序：按时间先后顺序说明某一事物的发展情况；空间顺序：按照事物的空间结构顺序进行描写或说明；例证关系：所列举的事物用来论证观点，通常是数据、事例等；对比或类比关系：这类文章通常以对比各事物之间的共同点或差异为主。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系
73、列 丛 书1The production of coffee beans is a huge,profitable business,but,unfortunately,full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals
74、 and birds,and even disturbs the worlds ecological balance.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书2On a local level,the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the areas birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物种)that depend on the trees flower
75、s and fruits.Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a result,many species are quickly dying out.3On a more global level,the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests plant and animal life,and the
76、 destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition,new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally,and eventually the worlds groundwater.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书4Both locally and globally,the continued spread of full-sun coffee
77、plantations(种 植 园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the worlds climate,and studies show that the loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover,the new growing techniques are contrib
78、uting to acidic(酸性的)soil conditions.5It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life,from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible,although at a higher cost.The future health of the
79、planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书57Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书方法运用适用方法一：(1)通读全文，把握段落大意文章第一段提出咖啡豆种植方式转变，产生危害；接下来三段都是分别阐述了具体的危害；最后一段回扣话题，呼吁人们重视环境。(2)确定文章组织框架文章结构为“总分总”式，所以选择 A
80、 项。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书典例(2015重庆阅读理解 D 节选)1There are many places to go on safari(观赏野生动物)in Africa,but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswanas Okavango Delta must rank as one of the worlds most exciting wildlife journeys.2Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventur
81、e,providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.The camps have excellent horses,professional guides and lots of support workers.They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书3The morning ride,when the guides take you to beautiful,shallow
82、 lakes full of water lilies,tends to be more active.It is unlike any other riding experience.Withrainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face,it is truly exciting.You are very likely to come across large wild animals,too.On h
83、orseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants,giraffes and many other animals.The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though,as does your heart rate,as you move closer to them.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书4In the evening,rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace,
84、with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink.Sedate though they are,rides at this time of day are still very impressive.As the suns rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses,the romance of Africa comes to life.5Back at the camp you can kick
85、 off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine.Looking back on your day,you will find it hard to deny that a horseback safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild.高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书51The author introduces the riding experience in the Okavango Delta mainly by_Afollowing space orderBfollowing time orderCmaking classificationsDgiving examples高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书方法运用适用方法二：详读全文，可以看出文章是根据 The morning ride,In the evening,Back at the camp 的时间顺序来介绍骑马观赏野生动物的。故选 B 项。高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书高考专题辅导与测试英语创 新 方 案 系 列 丛 书
