1、Section GrammarModule 4 Sandstorms in Asia栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia动词不定式&but动词不定式1(教材 P32)Scientists have tried many ways _(solve)this problem and in China,a mass campaign has been started _(help)solve it.2(教材 P32)They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun,and the wind is som
2、etimes strong enough _(move)sand dunes.to solveto helpto move栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia3(教材 P32)There was nothing _(do).It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation Ive ever been in.4(教材P32)Sandstorms in China appear _(increase)in recent years as a result of“desertifica
3、tion”5(教材 P32)The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult _(see)6(教材 P32)When a sandstorm arrives in the city,weather experts advise people not _(go)out.to be doneto have increasedto seeto go栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia7(教
4、材 P32)The winds are very strong.Its difficult _(breathe)and the dust makes me ill.8(教材 P32)_(prevent)it coming nearer,the government is planting trees.9(教材 P32)Already the government has planted more than 30 billion trees and plans _(continue)planting for the next five years.to breatheTo preventto c
5、ontinue栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia一、动词不定式的时态和语态语态时态主动被动一般式to doto be done 进行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been done动词不定式栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia1.不定式的一般式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时(几乎同时)发生或在谓语动词之后发生。He asked me to help him with the task.他让我帮他完成这项任务。2不定式的进行式：表示不定式的动作正在进行且与谓语动词
6、同时发生。He is said to be studying abroad but I dont know which country it is.据说他正在国外学习，但我不知道是哪个国家。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia3不定式的完成式：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。Im sorry to have caused you so much trouble.很抱歉给您造成了这么多的麻烦。4不定式的被动式：当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，一般使用动词不定式的被动形式。He was the last person to
7、be asked to speak.他是最后一个应邀发言的人。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia不定式用主动形式表示被动意义的常见情况：(1)在“主语系动词表语(形容词)(for sb.)to do”结构中，句子的主语与构成不定式的动词有逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有 easy,hard,difficult,fit 等。The book is so difficult to understand that I want to give it up.这本书如此难懂以至于我不想读了。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Mo
8、dule 4 Sandstorms in Asia(2)不定式作定语时，若构成不定式的动词与不定式所修饰的词之间为动宾关系，并且句子的主语是不定式动作的发出者时。He has a large family to support.他有一个大家庭要养。(3)在“too.to.”和“enough.to.”结构中，若构成不定式的动词与句子的主语之间为动宾关系，不定式可以用主动形式表示被动意义。The box is light enough to carry.这个盒子轻得可以随身携带。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in AsiaThe maths problem is
9、 too difficult for me to work out.这道数学题太难我解不出它。(4)在“特殊疑问词to do”结构中，do 与特殊疑问词之间为动宾关系时，不定式常用主动形式。I dont know what to do next.我不知道接下来该做什么。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia二、动词不定式的语法功能1作主语当不定式作主语时，表示一次具体的动作，并且常用 it 作形式主语，把不定式后置。(浙江卷)No matter how bright a talker you are,there are times when its b
10、etter to remain silent.无论你是多么健谈的人，总有些时候保持沉默更好。不定式作主语时谓语动词通常用单数形式。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia2作表语(1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。We are to meet at the station at three.我们约定 3 点钟在车站见面。(2)如果主语是以 aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish 等为中心的名词，或是 what 引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语用来说明主语的内容。He
11、r wish is to become a key college student after graduation.她的愿望是毕业后成为一名名校大学生。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia3作宾语(1)常用带 to 的不定式作宾语的动词有 afford,agree,ask,decide,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,wait 等。She seated herself at a small table in the restaurant，waiting
12、to be served.她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁等着被服务。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia(2)有些动词后面可以跟不定式作宾语，也可以跟动名词作宾语，但意思不同，如 forget,remember,try 等；有些动词后面接不定式和动名词作宾语时意思差别不大，如 start,begin,hate,like 等。(安徽卷)I remembered to lock the door before I left the office,but forgot to turn off the lights.我离开办公室之前记得锁门却忘记关灯了。We s
13、till remember once being taken round the famous tower when we were young.我们仍然记得在我们小的时候我们曾经被领着参观那座著名的塔。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asiafeel,find,think,believe,consider,make 这几个动词后面接不定式作宾语，且宾语后面有形容词/名词作宾补时，常用 it 作形式宾语，而把不定式放到宾补之后。We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language w
14、ell.我们都认为学好一门外语对我们来说非常重要。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia4作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语，常用于下列动词后：ask,cause,call,help,force,allow,permit,advise,order,get,want,wish,tell 等。Allow me to introduce myself,please.请允许我自我介绍一下。(天津卷)Passengers are permitted to carry only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.乘客只允
15、许携带一个手提行李包登机。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia(1)在“五看(see,watch,observe,notice,look at)三使(make,let,have)两听(hear,listen to)一感(feel)”等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带 to,但当以上动词(let,have除外)用于被动语态时需要带 to。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia(陕西卷)Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help th
16、em.让那些需要帮助的人们明白我们会全力以赴去帮助他们。The person was seen to enter the shop by us.我们看见那个人进了商店。(2)help 后跟不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式可带 to 也可不带to,即 help sb.(to)do sth.。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia5作定语(1)不定式作定语，置于被修饰词之后，常表示未发生的动作。(四川卷)The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area.明年
17、竣工的机场将会帮助推进该地区旅游业的发展。(2)中心词是序数词或被序数词、最高级、only 等修饰时，用不定式作定语。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia(3)常用不定式作定语的名词：promise,plan,offer,decision,ability,warning 等。(湖南卷)The ability to express an idea is as im
18、portant as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。被修饰的名词与不定式存在被动关系时，不定式的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则后面必须要有适当的介词。Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldnt find any paper to write on.突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到写下它的纸。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia6作状语(1)原因状语。不定式作原因状语时，通常位于情感类形容词或表示心理活动的形容词/过去分词之后，表示产生某种情感
19、或心理活动的原因。(辽宁卷)We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。(2)目的状语。不定式作目的状语时可位于句首和句末，且不定式前可加 in order/so as,但 so as to 不能位于句首。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in AsiaIll write down his telephone number so as not to forget it.我将把他的手机号写下来以防忘记了。The boy wor
20、ked very hard in order to/so as to make up for the lost time.这个男孩工作非常努力，为的是弥补失去的时间。(3)结果状语。不定式作结果状语常表示意外的结果，常在不定式前加 only。He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty.他急忙赶到那所房子，却发现空无一人。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia当 but(表示“除之外”)前有实义动词 do 的某种形式时，其后的不定式通常不带 to。其他情况不定式通常都要带 to。(陕西卷)
21、If he takes on this work,he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.(have no choice but to do.别无选择只好做)他如果接受这项工作的话，必然会遇到更大的挑战。He was not able to do anything but wait.除了等待，他什么也不能做。but动词不定式栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia(1)如果主语是 all 或 what 引导的从句，或主语被 only,first 或形容词的最高级修饰，且后面
22、的从句或短语中有实义动词 do，用作表语的动词不定式常可省略 to。The only thing you can do is wait and see.你唯一能做的就是等待和观望。All I can do is help you finish the work on time.我能做的所有事情就是帮你按时完成工作。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia(2)在 cant but，cant help but，cant choose but(不得不，只能)结构后，不定式不带 to。We cant but face the reality.我们只能面对现实。
23、I couldnt choose but speak the truth.我不能不说真话。Whenever I think of the story,I still cant help but laugh at myself.每当我想起那个故事，我就会忍不住地笑起自己来。栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia单句语法填空1(2018北京卷)During the MidAutumn Festival,family members often gather together _(share)a meal,admire the moon and enjoy
24、moon cakes.2All through the morning,Mary did nothing but _(sit)on the sofa,watching TV.3Although it is a hard task to protect our environment,we cant help but _(go)ahead.to sharesitgo栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia4When I returned to Beijing from Shanghai,the sandstorm had just ended.My fri
25、ends all said I was lucky _(miss)it.5(2019重庆巴蜀中学高一期中)Were having a meeting in half an hour.The decision _(make)at the meeting will influence the future of our company.6The weather seems _(improve)now.Lets go for a picnic.to have missedto be madeto be improving栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia
26、7 (2018 全 国 卷)The government encourages farmers _(grow)corn instead of rice _(improve)water quality.8(北京卷)There are still many problems _(solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.9When he was going to work,he was surprised _(find)that his car had been stolen.10Mother asked me not _(make
27、)so much noise,for my brother was studying.to growto improveto be solvedto findto make栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia单句改错1As there was no bus,he couldnt but to walk home._2For example,when I ride my bike,my parents wont let me to ride by myself._3Only this man was strong enough lift the hea
28、vy stone._4(2017全国卷)When summer comes，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！_去掉to去掉to在lift前加to在pick前加to栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia5The mother did what she could rescue her son,although she herself was in danger._语法与写作1我想让你为我们学校的英文报纸写一篇文章。Id like _ for our schools Eng
29、lish newspaper.2雨下得很大，所以我们只能待在家里。It is raining hard,so we _ at home.在rescue前加toto ask you to write an articlehave no choice but to stay栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia3他总是第一个到教室的人。He is always _ the classroom.4为了通过考试，他学习非常努力。_,he studied very hard.5她不禁琢磨着他在想些什么。She couldnt help but _the first person to get toIn order to pass the examwonder what he was thinking栏目导引语法精讲专项突破 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia本部分内容讲解结束 按ESC键退出全屏播放