1、Section Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary课前自学导引体育人生人们称他为体操王子。26岁退役时，他已经在世界范围内的大型比赛中获得了106枚金牌。它们(金牌)包括1982年世界锦标赛总共七枚金牌中的六枚，1984年洛杉矶奥运会上的三枚金牌(以及两枚银牌和一枚铜牌)。李宁是最优秀的。1999年，当体育记者们评选20世纪最杰出的男女运动员时，李宁名列其中，一起入选的还有球王贝利和拳王穆罕默德阿里。但即使是已经赢得了在自己运动项目上所能赢得的一切，李宁还是带着一种失败的感觉退了役。他在1988年汉城奥运会上表现不佳，这使他感到失望。但就是这种失败感使他
2、决心在新的生活中取得成功。退役一年后，李宁开始了他的新事业经商。但是，他并没有忘记他的体育背景。他决定推出一种新品牌的运动服，和全球大公司像耐克、阿迪达斯竞争。对一个中国人而言，他作出了异乎寻常的选择，那就是用自己的名字做商标。那个醒目的红色标志是由“李宁”的名字拼音的两个首字母L和N组成的。李宁运动服进入市场正当其时。有钱消费的年轻人的数量在增加，而体育运动也变得前所未有的普及。李宁的产品不仅设计吸引人，而且比起那些著名的商业对手，它拥有一个较大的优势，那就是价格便宜。比如，一双耐克运动鞋的价格可能是一双李宁牌的同类产品价格的5倍之多。李宁的成功是注定了的，并且来势迅速。短短几年内，李宁便赢
3、得了国内一半以上的市场。现在每十秒就有一款李宁牌产品售出。但是，李宁牌运动服不仅仅出现在田径赛场和足球场上。如果你走进任何一个地方的中学或大学校园，你很有可能看到身穿印有那个熟悉标志的李宁运动服的学生。公司也已向国际化发展。西班牙和法国的体操队员也穿李宁牌运动服装，同时，公司还雇用意大利设计师设计新的款式。2008年奥运会期间，中国运动员无论何时入场，他们都将身穿李宁牌运动服。但是，李宁退役时的目标并不是为了赚钱。他的梦想是开办一所体操学校。1991年，他如愿以偿。从那时起，他不断地帮助年轻人实现他们的体育梦想。在他之前，球王贝利和穆罕默德阿里已经在联合国为儿童权利和世界和平工作。和他们一样，
4、李宁发现：当一个杰出的运动员退出体坛时，他的工作并不是结束而是开始。正如李宁广告语所言，如果你是一位杰出的运动员，“一切皆有可能”。课堂合作探究破解重点词汇He will retire from the army next year.他明年从部队退役。Both my parents are retired teachers.我的父母都是退休老师。The boxer retired from the game with eye injuries.该拳击手因眼部受伤而退出比赛。拓展归纳retire from 退出；(从岗位)退休retired adj. 退休的【即景活用】单句写作从公司退休后，她一
5、直从事慈善事业。Since _ the company, she has done work for charity all along.因为背伤，她退出了比赛。She _ the competition because of back injuries.他是一名退休的飞行员。He is a _ airline pilot.答案：retiring fromretired fromretiredHe sent her some books, together with a dictionary.他送了她几本书，外加一本词典。These new facts, together with the o
6、ther evidence, prove the prisoners innocence.这些新的事实连同其他证据已证明在押者无罪。名师点津主语后跟有together with引起的短语时，谓语动词的数不受影响，仍与句子的主语保持一致。有类似用法的还有with，along with，as well as等。【即景活用】单句写作他们和我父亲已一起去华盛顿了。They, as well as my father, _ to Washington.一位教师跟他的学生们正在看一部英语电影。A teacher, with his students, _ an English film.答案：have g
7、oneis seeingHe had not performed well in his exams so he failed.在考试中他做得不好，所以没有考及格。Computers can perform a variety of tasks.电脑能执行各种各样的任务。He began performing in his early twenties, singing and playing the guitar.在他刚过20岁时，他开始演出，弹着吉他唱歌。拓展归纳(1)perform an experiment 做实验perform a task 执行任务perform well/poor
8、ly 表现得好/差(2)performance n. 表演performer n. 表演者【即景活用】单句语法填空Your _ (perform) as a student will be excellent if you develop the habit of reflecting on how you learn.答案：performanceNo means of transport can compete with the speed, comfort and convenience of highspeed bullet trains if the destination is wi
9、thin two hours.如果目的地在两小时之内，别的交通方式都比不上高速火车的快速、舒适和便捷。拓展归纳compete against/with sb. for sth.与某人竞争以得到某物compete to do sth. 竞争做某事compete in . 参加比赛 John was competing against James for the prize in math.约翰和詹姆斯比赛争夺数学奖。Students are always competing for the attention of the teacher.学生们总是争相获得老师的注意。How many runn
10、ers will be competing in the marathon？有多少赛跑选手参加本次马拉松？【即景活用】单句语法填空They try to compete _ foreign companies for a share of the market.Several advertising agencies are competing _ get the contract.答案：withtoThe economy in China has been on the increase in the past 10 months.在过去的10个月里，中国的经济一直在增长。The deman
11、d for primary products is on the increase in European market.欧洲市场对初级产品的需求正在增长。拓展归纳(1)increase by倍数或百分数，表示“增加了倍或百分之”increase to具体的数字，表示“增加到”(2)on duty 在值日on show 在展出on business 因公出差on leave 在休假【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空The number of the students attending the College Entrance Examination has increased _ 10% thi
12、s year than last year.答案：by(2)单句写作他到香港出差去了。He went to Hong Kong _.下周将公开展出这些画。These pictures will be _ next week.校长召回所有休假人员。The headmaster recalled all members _.答案：on businesson showon leaveThe equipment has the advantage of being easy to carry.这种设备有便于携带的优势。拓展归纳have an advantage over 优于，比有优势have an
13、advantage of 有的优势take advantage of 利用，占的便宜to ones advantage 对有利Many schools dont take full advantage of the Internet.很多学校没有充分利用因特网。名师点津advantage的同义词是benefit和plus；它的反义词是disadvantage，drawback等。【即景活用】单句语法填空I intend to take full advantage _ this trip to buy the things we need.You have an advantage _ mey
14、ou can speak five foreign languages.It is _ our advantage that our team has won the first round.答案：ofovertoWe cant guarantee that you are going to get the cheapest tickets.我们不能保证你会买到最便宜的票。拓展归纳(1)guarantee sb.sth. 保证某人某事guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事guarantee sth.(to be) . 保证(是)guarantee that 保证(2)give/o
15、ffer/provide a guarantee 提供担保under guarantee 在保修期内European Airlines guarantees its customers top quality service.欧洲航空公司保证向客户提供高质量的服务。Our teacher can guarantee to help you get better grades.我们的老师保证会帮助你得到更好的成绩。My computer is still under guarantee, so theyll fix it for free.我的电脑还在保修期内，所以他们会免费修理这台电脑。【即景
16、活用】单句写作我们保证帮你戒烟。We _ you give up smoking.这家商店说因为这台电视机仍在保修期内，他们会换一台的。The shop said they would replace the television as _.答案：guarantee to helpit was still under guaranteeYou can purchase insurance online.你可以在网上买保险。They began to regret the purchase of such a large house.他们开始后悔不该买这么大的房子。拓展归纳purchasable
17、 adj. 可购买的，可买到的purchaser n. 买主，购买者purchasing power 购买力She opened the bag and looked at her purchases.她打开包看她购买的东西。France was the No.1 purchaser of Iraqi oil.法国曾是伊拉克石油的头号买家。purchase正式用词，指大宗购货或购买重要东西，无感情色彩，强调物品的购得buy日常用词，既可指日常随意购物，也可指大的购买【即景活用】单句语法填空The _ (purchase) power of the dollar has declined.答案：
18、purchasingHis illness is a specific example of alcohols effect on the body.他的病就是酒精影响身体的具体例子。Mr Howarth gave us very specific instructions.豪沃思先生给了我们很明确的指示。拓展归纳specify vt. 具体指定；详细指明；明确说明specification n. (产品等的)说明书；规格；明细单Please specify when you will be at home tomorrow.请确切说明你明天何时会在家。The house has been b
19、uilt exactly to our specifications.房子完全是按照我们的工程设计书建造的。【即景活用】单句语法填空The office was furnished to a high _ (specific)Could you be more _ (specify) about what youre looking for？答案：specificationspecificHotels that show this symbol offer activities for children.有这个标志的旅馆均提供儿童活动。The worlds cities, a critical
20、 symbol of modern civilizations, hold half of the worlds population.世界城市是现代文明的决定性象征，拥有着世界的半数人口。【即景活用】选词填空(sign/symbol/mark/signal)At the corner of the main road is a _ saying “Parking Forbidden”A red lamp is used as a danger _.White has always been a _ of purity in western cultures.Put a question _
21、at the end of that sentence.答案：signsignalsymbolmark掌握难句解析1.But it_was this sense of failure that made him determined to succeed in his new life.(P42)但就是这种失败感使他决心在新的生活中取得成功。此句是一个强调句，强调主语this sense of failure。强调句型的结构为：it is/was被强调的部分that/who句子的其余部分。强调人时，可用that或who；强调事物、时间、地点、原因等状语时，只能用that。It was Tom
22、who/that helped me out of the trouble.是汤姆帮我摆脱困境的。It was in the park that I met my uncle.我是在公园里遇见了我叔叔。It was malaria that killed him.他是死于疟疾的。拓展归纳(1)强调句型的两种疑问句式：Is/Was it被强调成分that/who其他部分特殊疑问词is/was it that其他部分(2)在强调句中，若有定语从句或状语从句成分时，注意辨别被强调的部分(3)not . until . 结构的强调句式：It is/was not until . that . Was
23、it yesterday that you met your teacher in the street？你是昨天在大街上碰到你的老师的吗？Why was it that you didnt come to the meeting yesterday？究竟是为什么你昨天没有来开会？It was in the place where the boys played that he found the textbook.他是在男孩们玩耍的地方发现课本的。It was an old lady who opened the door when we knocked at it.我们敲门时，是一位老太太
24、开的门。It was not until they finished all the exercises that the students left school.直到做完所有练习学生们才离校。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空Mr Green didnt understand what it was _ made his daughter so absentminded this morning.答案：that(2)单句写作是我将和玛丽一块儿去度假。It is _ going for holiday with Mary.直到他摘下墨镜我才认出他是一个著名的影星。It was _ he took
25、 off his dark glasses that I recognized he was a famous star.答案：I that/who amnot until2.If you go into a school or university anywhere, the_chances_are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo.(P42)如果你走进任何一个地方的中学或大学校园，都有可能看到身穿印有那个熟悉标志的李宁运动服的学生们。(The) Chances are (that) . 意为
26、“很可能”，此句型中的the和that都可省略。(The) Chances are (that) we will win easily.我们很可能会轻易取胜。Chances are I will be looking for a new job soon.有可能我很快会找一份新的工作。拓展归纳There is a chance that . 有可能There is no chance that . 不可能get/have a chance 有机会by chance 偶然it chanced that . 碰巧的是There is a chance that I will see him the
27、se days.这几天我有可能见到他。There is no chance that he can finish the job within two hours.他在两个小时以内完成那项工作是不可能的。I never get a chance to relax these days.我近来一直没机会好好放松一下。I met her by chance at the airport.我碰巧在机场遇见她。【即景活用】(1)句型转换Its likely that they will lose the election._ that they will lose the election.It ch
28、anced that we were staying at the same hotel.We were staying at the same hotel _.答案：The chances areby chance(2)单句写作新机器很可能明天到。The _ are that the new machine will arrive tomorrow.答案：chances课堂总结演练单句语法填空1.But rules alone dont secure an orderly society. It is the people who obey the rules _ matter.答案：tha
29、t2The hotel is not very modern，but it has the advantage _ being in the city center.答案：of3Every year the number of the students who go abroad for further study is _ the increase.答案：on4_ chances are that Tom will recover from his injury in time for the race.答案：The5After forty years in politics he thin
30、ks its time _ (retire)答案：to retire同义句转换1It was this sense of failure that made him determined to succeed in his new life.This is the sense of failure _ him determined to succeed in his new life.答案：which made2If you go into a school or university anywhere, the chances are you will see students in Li
31、Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo._ for you _ students _ in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo if you go into a school or university anywhere.答案：It is possible; to find; who are3He had won 106 gold medals in major competitions across the world. They included six out of seven gold medals
32、at the 1982 World Championship.He had won 106 gold medals _ six out of seven gold medals at the 1982 World Championship in major competitions across the world.答案：which include4He was disappointed because he had not performed well in the 1988 Seoul Olympics.He was disappointed _ well in the 1988 Seou
33、l Olympics.答案：at not having performed单句写作1_ (很可能) he will win in this match again.(chance)答案：The chances are that2_ (无论暑假有多长), I always feel I want a few days more.(however)答案：However long the summer holiday is3Some people _ (利用) the Internet to create many interesting words such as “HideandSeek (躲猫
34、猫)”(advantage)答案：take advantage of4Tom is working hard because he _ (决心) pass the exam.(determine)答案：is determined to5At present, _ (的数量) young people who smoke is _ (正在增加)(number; increase)答案：the number of; on the increase演练通关提升夯实基础知识单词拼写1Logo is just a _ (符号) that identifies a product.答案：symbol2Ou
35、r 100% satisfaction _ (保证) ensures that every item you purchase meets your expections.答案：guarantee3She made several _ (购买) in the dress shop.答案：purchases4Since you said you lived in a Western country, could you tell me a bit more _ (具体的)?答案：specific5When in the supermarket, he asked me which _ (牌子)
36、of peanut butter was the cheapest.答案：brand6He works in China Conservatory of Music, and his musical b_ helps him a lot in his job.答案：background7Her overseas experience gave her an a_ over other performers.答案：advantage8He has been living here since he r_.答案：retired9Their football team p_ very well in
37、 the match yesterday.答案：performed10I found the deers t_ in the woods.答案：tracks选词填空on the increase， together with， up to， the chances are， have an advantage over1He walked home after school, _ his friends.答案：together with2Since 2007, the goods price in China has been _.答案：on the increase3They _ the v
38、isiting team in players skills.答案：have an advantage over4They will work for _ 10 hours every day in busy months.答案：up to5_ that he will come at any time.答案：The chances are单句语法填空1Our school team _ (perform) very well in the game yesterday and won the first place.答案：performed2Havent you learnt that yo
39、u should take advantage _ others weak points in order to win the match?答案：of3It was just in the room _ he was born _ he died.答案：where; that4There is a good chance _ rates will be kept at record lows for a long time.答案：that5This information allows businessmen to keep _ of their list of goods by showi
40、ng which items are being sold and how fast they are moving.答案：track6The retired boxer is very _ (athlete) because he keeps doing exercise.答案：athletic7He _ (purchase) a number of shares in the company when he served for it.答案：purchased8Johnson is a very successful fashion _ (design) and many people e
41、njoy his thoughts of fashion.答案：designer提升实战能力完形填空I went to a group activity, “Sensitivity Sunday” which was to make us more _1_ the problem faced by disabled people. We were asked to “ _2_ a disability” for several hours one Sunday. Some members, _3_， chose wheelchairs. Others wore soundblocking ea
42、rplugs (耳塞) or blindfolds (眼罩)Just sitting in the wheelchair was a _4_ experience. I had never considered before how _5_ it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down, my _6_ made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not _7_. Then I wondered where to put my _8_. It took me quite a while to get t
43、he metal footrest into _9_. I took my first uneasy look at what was to be my only means of _10_ for several hours. For disabled people, “adopting a wheelchair” is not a temporary (临时的) _11_.I tried to find a _12_ position and thought it might be restful, _13_ kind of nice, to be _14_ around for a wh
44、ile. Looking around, I _15_ I would have to handle the thing myself! My hands started to ache as I _16_ the heavy metal wheels. I came to know that controlling the _17_ of the wheelchair was not going to be a(n) _18_ task.My wheelchair experiment was soon _19_. It made a deep impression on me. A few
45、 hours of “disability” gave me only a taste of the _20_， both physical and mental, that disabled people must overcome.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了作者参加的一次通过假扮残疾人来了解残疾人面临困难的活动。由于是第一次坐轮椅，作者甚至都不知道应该把手脚放到何处以及如何让轮椅前行。在仅仅体验了几个小时之后，作者就感到筋疲力尽了。通过这次体验，作者明白残疾人克服了生活中的种种困难和挑战。1A.curious about Baware ofCinterested in Dcar
46、eful with答案：B根据上下文可知，作者参加的这个活动，目的是更多地了解(aware of)残疾人在生活中所面临的问题。2A.cure Badopt Cprevent Danalyze答案：B由第一段最后一句可知，此处应选adopt，即意为临时做出某种非常规的行为表现，即临时“装”(假扮)一下残疾。故选B项。3A.instead BstrangelyCas usual Dlike me答案：D根据上下文中的some和others以及语境可知，下文的内容主要是以作者自己假扮残疾人，选择坐轮椅来体验残疾人的辛苦展开的，故选like me “像我一样”。4A.learning Bworking
47、 Csatisfying Drelaxing答案：A根据上文内容可知，作者是一个正常人，故使用轮椅是一个学习(learning)的过程。5A.convenient Bawkward Cboring Dexciting答案：B根据空前的“I had never considered before .”可知，作者以前没有考虑过怎样使用轮椅，因此他使用起来比较笨拙(awkward)。 6.A.height Bforce Cskill Dweight答案：D根据空前的“as soon as I sat down”和空后的“made the chair begin to roll”可知，当作者坐下之后，
48、他身体的重量(weight)使得轮椅开始动了起来。7A.locked Brepaired Cpowered Dgrasped答案：A根据“the chair begin to roll”可知，作者一坐下，椅子就开始动，说明它的轮子没有被锁住(locked)。8A.hands Bfeet Ckeys Dhandles答案：B联系空后的“footrest”可知，作者不知道该把脚(feet)放到哪里。9A.place Baction Cplay Deffect答案：A根据语境可知，作者花了好长时间才把轮椅的脚踏板放到了恰当的地方(place)。10A.operation Bcommunication
49、 Ctransportation Dproduction答案：C根据语境可知，此处是指作者坐上轮椅之后，才好好地看了几眼将要在上面度过几个小时的这个交通工具(transportation)。11A.exploration Beducation Cexperiment Dentertainment答案：C根据文章最后一段首句中的“My wheelchair experiment was soon .”可知，作者只是在进行一次乘坐轮椅的实验(experiment)。12A.flexible Bsafe Cstarting Dcomfortable答案：D联系空后的restful可知，作者在轮椅上想
50、找一个让自己感觉比较舒服的(comfortable)位置。13A.yet Bjust Cstill Deven答案：D与前面的“restful”和“comfortable”呼应且根据第15空后的“I would have to handle the thing myself”可知，此处指的是他甚至(even)想让其他人推(pushed)着轮椅走，从而使自己坐得舒服。even表示程度，指在原来的基础上更进一步。14A.shown Bpushed Cdriven Dguided答案：B此处表述坐在轮椅上希望有人可以推着自己走动。15A.realized Bsuggested Cagreed Dad
51、mitted答案：A根据空前的“look around”可知，作者意识到(realized)他必须自己推动轮椅。16A.lifted Bturned Cpressed Dseized答案：B根据空前的“My hands started to ache”和空后的“the heavy wheels”可知，因为作者不断地转动金属轮子让轮椅向前走，所以手开始疼痛了。turn在此表示“转动”。17A.path Bposition Cdirection Dway答案：C根据上文内容和常识可知，控制轮椅的前进方向(direction)不是一件容易的事情。18A.easy Bheavy Cmajor Dext
52、ra答案：A从手酸疼可知不是件容易的事情。19A.forgotten BrepeatedCconducted Dfinished答案：D根据上文中的“. for several hours .”和下文中的“It made a deep impression on me.”可知，作者的这次体验很快就结束(finished)了。20A.weaknesses Banxieties Cchallenges Dillnesses答案：C根据空后的“. both physical and mental, that disabled people must overcome”可知，几个小时的“残疾”体验对于
53、我来说是身体上和心理上的双重挑战(challenges)，而残疾人却必须要克服它们。阅读理解Every January, more than 3,000 people take part in one of the most difficult races on Earth: the Tough Man Competition in the UK. The participants run, swim and climb around the 15 km course. But this race is not normal. These runners have to crawl throu
54、gh tunnels, run across a field of nettles (荨麻) and jump over fire. Whats more, the competition takes place in January when temperatures are freezing. People travel from throughout the world to participate in it.The competition is quite dangerous and every year there are accidents. Injuries like brok
55、en bones and cuts are quite common. Onethird of the participants can not complete it. Runners have to be very athletic and most people train all the year to prepare for it. There are similar events, but this is the first one in the world. Many people do the competition because it is so famous. Every
56、 year the organizers change the events and add new things. This means that the competition stays thrilling and challenging, so people go back year after year.First, the participants run 1 km along a muddy road. Next, they crawl under low nets on the ground. After the nets, the runners jump off a hig
57、h platform into a lake and swim for 1 km. Then, they reach the field of fire. Here, the runners run across a field and jump over small bonfires (篝火). Next, the participants must crawl through a long tunnel which is partly under water. Finally, the runners run 2 km through nettles before they reach t
58、he finishing line.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国的the Tough Man 比赛的相关信息。1According to the text, the participants in the competition _.Aare required to run 15 kmBmay take the risk of being injuredChave to take a medical examinationDare trained to deal with emergencies答案：B推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句“The competition is qui
59、te dangerous and every year there are accidents. Injuries like broken bones and cuts are quite common.”可知，参加比赛的选手都冒着可能会受伤的风险，故选B。2What do we learn about the Tough Man Competition?AIt is exciting but quite tough.BIt is intended for overweight people.CThe participants are mainly British natives.DOnly
60、onethird of the participants can make it.答案：A细节理解题。根据第二段尤其是该段最后一句中的“This means that the competition stays thrilling and challenging”可知，the Tough Man比赛是令人兴奋的，但相当艰难，且具有挑战性，故选A。3To attract participants, what do the organizers usually do?AThey create more items.BThey hold the similar activities.CThey ho
61、ld the competition in winter.DThey organize the competition in different countries.答案：A推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，组织者为了吸引更多的参加者，会改变和增加新的比赛项目，故选A。4Whats the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo warn the participants of danger.BTo advertise the Tough Man Competition.CTo introduce the Tough Man Competition.D
62、To inform the participants of the competition.答案：C推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Every January, more than 3,000 people take part in one of the most difficult races on Earth: the Tough Man Competition in the UK.”及下文对该比赛的介绍可知，作者写作本文目的是为了介绍the Tough Man比赛，故选C。短文改错The other day, some of my classmates and I took a bicyc
63、le trip along the “Renmin Road”， where was specially built for people to relax ourselves. The scenery along the road was fascinating, with trees, flowers, hills and lakes on both side. We stopped by a lake for a rest, where a good many of people were playing happily. But something unpleasant catch o
64、ur attention. There was rubbish here or there, and there were many plastic bags and bottles floated on the surface of the lake. Such beautiful place was so serious polluted. What a shame! In the end, we couldnt help collecting the rubbish after we left.答案：The other day, some of my classmates and I t
65、ook a bicycle trip along the “Renmin Road”， was specially built for people to relax . The scenery along the road was fascinating, with trees, flowers, hills and lakes on both . We stopped by a lake for a rest, where a good many people were playing happily. But something unpleasant our attention. The
66、re was rubbish here there, and there were many plastic bags and bottles on the surface of the lake. Such beautiful place was so polluted. What a shame! In the end, we couldnt help collecting the rubbish we left.难项分析：第一处：wherewhich考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the Renmin Road”，在从句中作主语，故用which引导该定语从句。第七处：floatedfloating考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，“many plastic bags and bottles”和动词“float”之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用float的现在分词形式。第十处：afterwhen/before考查时间状语从句的连接词。句意：最后，当我们离开时/在我们离开前，我们禁不住收集起垃圾。根据句意并结合语境可知，此处应用when/before。