1、 2022届江苏省南京市第一中学高三上学期期初考试英语试题本试卷分四个部分。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题; 每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你将有I秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. 19.15. B. 9. 18. C. 9.15.答案是C。1. Where are
2、the speakers probably?A. In the post office. B. In the park. C. At the airport.2. Why does Alice feel excited?A. She met an old friend.B. She got a desired book.C. She found a nice bookstore.3. What does Judy advise Steven to do?A. Write e-mails immediately.B. Pick out suitable applicants.C. Arrange
3、 interviews tomorrow.4. Which country is Brent from?A. Australia. B. America. C. Russia.5. Who will begin the lecture?A. Dr. White. B. Dr. Hopkins. C. Prof. Pears.第二节（共15小题; 每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟, 听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
4、每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What do we know about the speakers?A. They are family. B. They are strangers. C. They are colleagues.7. How should Jane help her roommate?A. By hanging out together. B. By lending her books. C. By talking to her often.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. Who might the woman be?A. James tea
5、cher. B. James mother. C. James classmate.9. What was James like in the past?A. Trouble-making. B. Hardworking. C. Easygoing.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. What is the man doing?A. Buying a new TV.B. Having his TV repaired.C. Getting a cable TV service.11. Which of the following is the mans favorite?A. Movies
6、. B. Sports. C. News.12. How much would the man pay each month?A. $ 54. B. $ 30. C. $ 60.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. Tests. B. Treatments. C. Symptoms.14. Whats wrong with the woman?A. She cant bear cold weather.B. She cant sleep well.C. She cant breathe deeply
7、.15. When will the woman get a specific medical care?A. Right now. B. In seven days. C. In two months.16 What is Mr. Smith?A. A nurse. B. A patient. C. A doctor.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. Who first traveled around the moon before human beings?A. Dogs. B. Monkeys. C. Tortoises.18. Why were the creatures s
8、tudied after returning to earth?A. To see how they were affected.B. To examine where they were affected.C. To find out whether they were affected.19. What caused the main changes in the creatures?A. The space travel. B. A lack of food. C. Loss of appetite.20. What happened in October 1948?A. Two dog
9、s landed in the Indian Ocean.B. Mice helped people explore space.C. Monkeys were sent into space.第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHumpback WhalesHumpback whales are sometimes calledperformers of the ocean.This is because they can make impressive movements
10、 whenthey dive.The name“humpback”, which isthe common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whalesback forms as it dives.Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantasticmovement known as a breach.During breaching the whale uses its powerful tailflukes to lift nearly two-thirds
11、of its body out of the water in a giant leap.A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out likewings, as the whale reaches the height of the breach.A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of thewater through two blowholes which are located near the top of the head.It blow
12、sa double stream of water that can rise up to 4 metres above the water.The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towardsthe tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back.Other distinguishingfeatures include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the bodylength, and unique black
13、 and white spots on the underside of the tailflukes.These markings are like finger prints: no two are the same.Humpback whales live in large groups.They communicatewith each other through complex “songs”.Quick FactsSize:14m-18m in length;30-50 tons in weightLivingOpen ocean and shallow coastline wat
14、ersEnvironmentFrom warm tropical waters, where they breed, to cold polar waters,where they eatDiet:Shellfish, plants and fish of small sizeHunting:Sometimes in groups, in which several whales form a circle under the water, blowing bubbles that form a “net” around a school of fish.The fish are then f
15、orced up to the surface in a concentrated mass.Current state:Endangered: it is estimated that there are about 5000-7500 humpback whales worldwide 1. According to Quick Facts, ahumpback whale _.A. cannot survive in waters near the shoreB. doesnt live in the same waters all the timeC. lives mainly on
16、underwater plantsD. prefers to work alone when hunting food2. To make a breach, a humpback whale must _.A. use its tail flukes to leap out of the waterB. twist its body sideways to jump highC. blow two streams of waterD. communicate with a group of humpbacks3. From the passage we can learn that a hu
17、mpback whale _.A. has its unique markings on its tail flukesB. has black and white fingerprintsC. gets its name from the way it huntsD. is a great performer due to its songs【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。 Humpback whales有时被称为海洋的表演者。文章介绍了Humpback whales的特点和生活习性等。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据Quick Facts中“Living:
18、 Open ocean and shallow coastline waters（生活在公海和浅海岸线水域）”可知，根据Quick Facts， humpback whale并不是一直生活在同一水域。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“During breaching the whale uses its powerful tailflukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap. （在破浪时，鲸鱼用它强有力的尾部将身体的近三分之二举起来，这是一次巨大的跳跃。）”可知，为了完成这
19、一突破， humpback whales必须用它的尾鳍跃出水面。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“unique black and white spots on the underside of the tailflukes（尾部有独特的黑色和白色斑点）”可知从这篇文章中我们可以了解到humpback whales在它的尾巴上有它独特的标记。故选A。BAlfred Nobel, the Swedish inventor and industrialist, was a man of many contrasts. He was the son of a bankrupt, but
20、became a millionaire; a scientist with a love of literature; an industrialist who managed to remain an idealist. He made a fortune but lived a very simple life, and although cheerful in company he was often sad in private. A lover for mankind, he never had a wife or family to love him; a patriotic s
21、on of his native land, he died alone on foreign soil. He invented a new explosive bomb to improve the peacetime industries of mining and road building, but saw it was used as a weapon of war to kill and injure his fellow men. During his useful life, he often felt he was useless. Alfred Nobel, he onc
22、e wrote of himself, ought to have been put to death by a kind doctor as soon as, with a cry, he entered life. World-famous for his works, he was never personally well-known, for throughout his life he avoided publicity. 1 do not see, he once said, that I have deserved any fame and I have no taste fo
23、r it. But since his death, his name has brought fame and glory to others.He was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833, but moved to Russia with his parents in 1842, where his father, Immanuel, made a strong position for himself in the engineering industry. Immanuel Nobel invented the landmine and ma
24、de a lot of money from government orders during the Crimean War, but went bankrupt soon after. Most of the family returned to Sweden in 1859, where Alfred rejoined them in 1863, beginning his own study of bombs in his fathers laboratory. He had never been to school or university but had studied priv
25、ately. And by the time he was twenty, he was a skillful chemist and excellent linguist, speaking Swedish, Russian, German, French and English. Like his father, Alfred Nobel was imaginative and inventive, but he had better luck in business and showed more financial sense. He was quick to see industri
26、al openings for his scientific inventions and built up over 80 companies in 20 different countries. Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward-looking industrialist.But Nobels main concern was never with making money
27、or even with making scientific discoveries. Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning to life, and from his youth had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy. Perhaps he could not find ordinary human love-he never married-he came to care deeply about the whole of mankind. He
28、was always generous to the poor: “Id rather take care of the stomachs of the living than the glory of the dead in the form of stone materials.” he once said. His greatest wish, however, was to see an end to wars, and thus peace between nations, and he spent much time and money working for this cause
29、 until his death in Italy in 1896. His famous will, in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Medicine, Literature and Peace, is a memorial to his interests and ideals. And so, the man who felt he should have died at birth is remembered and resp
30、ected long after his death.4. The reason why Alfred Nobel invented the bomb is to _.A. get government orders during the Crimean WarB. protect the country from being invadedC. mine and build roadsD. open new companies in other countries5. What was Alfred Nobel searching for in the long course of his
31、life?A. Fame and wealthB. A meaning to life.C. How to end the war.D. The peace between nations.6. What is the implied meaning of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?A. We should honor the dead in some other way rather than by building stone monuments for them.B. Rather than spend money and
32、 make efforts in building monuments in memory of the dead, we should do something to provide more food for the living.C. When we are planning to build monuments to honor the dead, we should also make real efforts to provide the living with more food.D. Living with honor comes more important than dea
33、th with dignity.7. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?A. In leaving behind a well-meant will, Alfred Nobel succeeded in building a permanent monument for his interests and ideals.B. Alfred Nobel made a glorious will so that he might be remembered and respected after his
34、death.C. In his famous will, Alfred Nobel expressed his wish that a monument should be put up in memory of him as a scientist and inventor.D. According to his will, Nobel Prizes are given to those who did outstanding work in fields of Physics, Chemistry, Psychology, Medicine, Literature and Peace.【答
35、案】4. C 5. B 6. B 7. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔的生平。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“He invented a new explosive bomb to improve the peacetime industries of mining and road building, but saw it was used as a weapon of war to kill and injure his fellow men.”（他发明了一种新的爆炸炸弹，以改善和平时期的采矿业和筑路业，但却看到它被用作杀害和伤害他的同胞的战争武器。）可
36、知，他发明炸弹的最初目的是采矿和修路，故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning to life, and from his youth had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy.”（他很少快乐，总是在寻找生活的意义，从青年时代起就对文学和哲学产生了浓厚的兴趣）可知，他一生都在寻找生命的意义，故选B。【6题详解】句意猜测题。根据第三段中划线部分“Id rather take care of the stomachs
37、of the living than the glory of the dead in the form of stone materials.”（我宁愿照顾生者的胃也不愿以石头的形式照顾死者的荣耀。）可知，Nobel觉得我们应该做些什么来为生者提供更多的食物，而不是花钱和努力建造纪念死者的纪念碑。，故选B。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“His famous will, in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Medicine, Li
38、terature and Peace, is a memorial to his interests and ideals. ”（他的著名遗嘱是对他的兴趣和理想的纪念。在遗嘱中，他留下钱，为在物理、化学、生理学、医学、文学和和平领域的杰出工作提供奖励。）可知，通过留下一份善意的遗嘱，Alfred Nobel成功地为他的利益和理想建立了一座永久的纪念碑，故选A。【点睛】CIf all goes well, a balloonwill soon rise from Esrange Space Center in Kiruna, Sweden. It will float highinto the
39、upper atmosphere and then return to Earth. However, environmentalists have arrived to stop this from happening.The campaigners are against the balloon because of what occurs in flight. The balloon will shoot dust into the Earths upper atmosphere, causing more sunlight to reflect back into space. The
40、 dust, known as stratospheric aerosolinjection(SAI), is part of a solar geoengineering (地球工程) program named SCoPex which is being conducted by Harvard University. The aim of the program is to purposely change the Earths atmosphere to fight climate change.Those who oppose worry about two things. Firs
41、tly, the moral risk-if solar geoengineering works, talks on reducing greenhouse gases will be challenged. The second concern is the amount of SAI in the atmosphere. To keep temperatures low, the need of the reflective dust tobel released high above Earth will be endless, and a sudden stop could resu
42、lt in rapid warming. Raymond Pierrehumbert, a physicist at Oxford University, says solar geoengineering is even tool risky to research beyond computer models.Not all environmentalists are opposed to it. Since the world is unlikely to achieve the 1. 5 global warming target set in the Paris Agreement,
43、 some green organizations favour small-sized geoengineering research.Regardless of the criticism, the research continues. Geoengineering is increasingly gaining international attention. A recent report about climate change suggested that SAI could help keep warming below 1. 5. The National Academy o
44、f Sciences, Engineering and Medicine in the USA has developed a research plan for solar geoengineering and received governmental funding totaling $9 million. Both China and India have also launched research programmes of their own. Activists may oppose the experiments, but balloons will likely fly a
45、nyway.8. What is the function of SAI?A. To attract dust.B. To throw sunlight back.C. To absorb heat.D. To fight against pollution.9. Why does Raymond Pierrehumbert say geoengineering is risky?A It may change computer models.B. It may produce too much dust.C. It may release greenhouse gases.D. It may
46、 worsen global warming.10. How do some people expect geoengineering research to be done?A. To a limited degree.B. At a lower temperature.C. By green organizations.D. Without international attention.11. Which of the following can be inferred?A. Voices of environmentalists are ignored.B. More support
47、is going to geoengineering.C. Global warming is getting worse in Sweden.D. Geoengineering has proved effective in India.【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了用热气球进行地球工程遭到了诸多科学家的反对，但这项工程最终依然会按计划进行。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“The balloon will shoot dust into the Earths upper atmosphere, causing more
48、sunlight to reflect back into space. (气球会将灰尘喷射到地球的高层大气中，使更多的阳光反射回太空) ”以及“The dust, known as stratospheric aerosolinjection (SAI), is part of a solar geoengineering (地球工程) program named SCoPex which is being conducted by Harvard University. (尘埃被称为SAI，是由哈佛大学实施的名为SCoPex的地球工程计划的一部分)”可知，SAI的作用是将阳光反射回太空。故
49、选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“To keep temperatures low, the need of the reflective dust tobel released high above Earth will be endless, and a sudden stop could result in rapid warming. (为了保持低温，对地面上方高处释放的反射式防尘圈的需求将是无止境的，突然停止可能会导致迅速变暖)”可知，Raymond Pierrehumbert说地球工程是有风险的原因是因为这项工程会加速全球变暖，让情况更糟糕。故选D项。【10题详解】推理
50、判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Since the world is unlikely to achieve the 1. 5 global warming target set in the Paris Agreement, some green organizations favour small-sized geoengineering research. (由于我们不太可能实现巴黎协定设定的全球升温1. 5的目标，因此一些绿色组织赞成小型地球工程研究)”可知，有些人期望在有限的程度范围内进行地球工程研究。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“A recent report ab
51、out climate change suggested that SAI could help keep warming below 1. 5. The National Academy of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine in the USA has developed a research plan for solar geoengineering and received governmental funding totaling S9 million. (最近有关气候变化的报告表明，SAI可以帮助将温度保持在1. 5以下。美国国家科学，工程和医
52、学研究院已经制定了一项太阳能地球工程研究计划，并获得了总计900万美元的政府资助)”以及“Geoengineering is increasingly gaining international attention. (地球工程越来越受到国际关注)”可推知，地球工程得到了越来越多的支持。故选B项。DOn May 1, 1926, Ford Motor Company became one of the first American companies to adopt a five-day, 40-hour week. It was something workers and labor un
53、ions had been calling for. However, the five-day workweek was to increase productivity. With more time and money, workers were expected to buy and use the products they were making. Manufacturers soon followed Fords lead, and the Monday-to-Friday workweek became standard practice.Since then, everyth
54、ing has changed but the hours. Many people worked longer, which severely influenced health and well-being, as well as the environment. Until the Second World War, it was common for one person in a family, usually the oldest male, to work full-time. Women gradually made up 42 percent of the worlds fu
55、ll-time workforce. Later, technology made lots of work unnecessary, with computers and robots doing many tasks previously performed by humans.Well into the 21st century, we continue to work the same long hours as 20th century laborers, using up more of Earths supply to produce more goods that we mus
56、t keep working to buy, use and replace in a seemingly endless cycle of hard work and consumption. Its time to pause and consider better ways to live like shifting from fossil-fueled lifestyles with which our consumer-based workweeks are connected.The UK New Economics Foundation argues that a standar
57、d 21-hour workweek would address a number of interconnected problems: overwork, unemployment, over-consumption, high carbon emissions, low well-being, and the lack of time to live sustainably, to care for each other, and simply to enjoy life. Economic systems that require constant growth on a finite
58、 (有限的) planet make no sense. Its time for a change in our economic thinking.12. Why did Henry Ford shorten the workweek?A. To increase efficiency.B. To cut workers salaries.C. To end conflicts with workers.D. To create more job opportunities.13. What happened in the workforce after World War II?A. T
59、he oldest male had to work longer.B. Technology let people work more flexibly.C. Job positions were created due to technology.D. Full-time vacancies were filled by more women.14. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?A. Companies shouldnt produce more than people can use.B. The 21st century
60、 has witnessed the longest working hours.C. The cycle of longer workweek and consumption should be changed.D. Longer workweek definitely leads to stronger consumption capability.15. Which would be possible if a 21-hour workweek should be adopted?A. Companies would be closed down.B. Economic growth w
61、ould be stopped.C. Economic systems would break down.D. People would be encouraged to enjoy life.【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章就福特汽车公司工作制的改变展开了讨论。1926年5月1日，福特汽车公司成为美国最早实行每周五天、每周工作40小时的公司之一。这是工人和工会一直在呼吁的。然而，每周五天工作制是为了提高工作效率。在一个有限的星球上，需要持续增长的经济体系毫无意义。是时候改变我们的经济思维了。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“th
62、e five-day workweek was to increase productivity. （每周五天工作日是为了提高生产率）”可知，亨利福特缩短了每周的工作时间是为了提高效率。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Until the Second World War, it was common for one person in a family, usually the oldest male, to work full-time. Women gradually made up 42 percent of the worlds full-time workforce.（
63、直到第二次世界大战，一个家庭中的一个人，通常是最年长的男性做全职工作，这是很常见的。女性逐渐占到全球全职劳动力的42%）”可知，二战后的劳动力中更多女性填补了全职职位空缺。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Its time to pause and consider better ways to live like shifting from fossil-fueled lifestyles with which our consumer-based workweeks are connected.（是时候停下来，考虑一下更好的生活方式了。比如从依赖化石燃料的生活方式中转变出来，这
64、种生活方式与以消费者为基础的工作日息息相关）”和第四段“Economic systems that require constant growth on a finite (有限的) planet make no sense. Its time for a change in our economic thinking.（在一个有限的星球上，需要持续增长的经济体系毫无意义。是时候改变我们的经济思维了）”可知，更长的工作周和消费周期应该改变。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“The UK New Economics Foundation argues that a standard
65、 21-hour workweek would address a number of interconnected problems: overwork, unemployment, over-consumption, high carbon emissions, low well-being, and the lack of time to live sustainably, to care for each other, and simply to enjoy life.（The UK New Economics Foundation认为，标准的每周21小时工作制将解决一系列相互关联的问
66、题：过度工作、失业、过度消费、高碳排放、低幸福感以及缺乏可持续生活、相互关心和享受生活的时间）”可知，如果实行21小时工作制，人们会被鼓励去享受生活。故选D。第二节(共5小题； 每小题2.5分，满分12.5 分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The mistaken beliefThere is the belief that, if you arrive at an appointment late, you will be considered important. This is a mistaken view. _16_ ; we a
67、re interfering with another mans time. We must realize that keeping appointments or being punctual is a contract that is silently agreed and we are expected to respect this contract. It is only natural that we lose faith, trust and confidence in a person who is tardy(延迟的).Self-discipline and punctua
68、lityTo be punctual one has to have self-discipline(自律), and the lack of it affects others. A school boy or girl is unpunctual because he or she does not have the necessary human virtue of self-discipline. _17_. Unpunctual people seldom realize that their habit causes problems to others. A salesman w
69、ho is not punctual may not make a sale if he arrives late for an appointment. If one is late for a job interview, it is not likely that he will get the job._18_.Imagine the anxiety if you do not want to be considered unpunctual. You will be anxious if you set out for a dinner late. The person who se
70、ts out late might be careless in driving. He will ignore traffic rules. A traffic jam, flat tyres, etc. can delay him further. Happy and calm is the man who takes all these possibilities into consideration and arrives at the appointment either early or on time.Unpunctuality at dinnersMany of those w
71、ho attend dinners are notorious (声名狼藉的)for unpunctuality. They ignore the appointed time and leave their homes only after the fixed time. They are indifferent to the inconvenience caused to others. If the self-centered guest arrives late, the nine others at the table set for ten will have to wait. _
72、19_ and this man seldom thinks of the inconvenience caused to all the waiters, the management staff, etc. It is necessary for us to think of others and be considerate to them.The need for toleranceHowever, we cannot always be intolerant of tardiness, for ordinary living requires some tolerance. Ther
73、e can be a busy executive who fights to keep to his schedule. Such a person may be forgiven if he is late, but not those who are deliberately late to create impression._20_. It is a recognition of the importance of other people.A. Punctuality and confidenceB. Success and punctualityC. Avoid anxiety
74、by being punctualD. The host is put in an unpleasant situationE. Being unpunctual, we are not respectful of othersF. It is also a mark of disrespect for a system or an institutionG. In modern society, punctuality is a necessary virtue【答案】16. E 17. F 18. C 19. D 20. G【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了人们对于不守时的错误理解
75、，守时和自律的重要性以及如何做到守时自律。【16题详解】根据上文“This is a mistaken view”（这是一个错误的观点）以及下文“we are interfering with another mans time.”（我们在干扰别人的时间）由此可知，选项承接上下文，说明不守时给别人带来的不好的影响。interfering with another mans time呼应not respectful of others，故E选项“不守时，就是我们不尊重他人”。切题。故选E项。【17题详解】根据上文“A school boy or girl is unpunctual becaus
76、e he or she does not have the necessary human virtue of self-discipline.”（。一个在校的男孩或女孩是不守时的，因为他或她没有必要的人类自律美德）可知，选项承接上文，说明不守时所体现出的是什么，学生不按时到校是对学校的不尊重，故F选项“这也是对一个制度或机构的不尊重”切题。故选F项。【18题详解】根据下文“Imagine the anxiety if you do not want to be considered unpunctual. You will be anxious if you set out for a di
77、nner late. The person who sets out late might be careless in driving. He will ignore traffic rules. A traffic jam, flat tyres, etc. can delay him further. Happy and calm is the man who takes all these possibilities into consideration and arrives at the appointment either early or on time.”（想象一下，如果你不
78、想被认为不守时，你会有多焦虑。如果你出去吃饭晚了，你会焦急的。出发晚的人开车可能不小心。他会无视交通规则。交通堵塞、轮胎漏气等都会使他耽搁得更久。快乐而冷静的人会考虑到所有这些可能性，提前或准时赴约。）由此可知，本段在告诉我们要通过准时来避免焦虑。故C选项“通过准时来避免焦虑”切题。故选C项。【19题详解】根据上文“If the self-centered guest arrives late, the nine others at the table set for ten will have to wait.”（如果以自我为中心的客人来晚了，设置可坐十人桌的九个人就得等。）可知，选项在说迟
79、到的人使主人处于何种境地。at the table set for ten will have to wait呼应an unpleasant situation。故D选项“主人处于一种不愉快的境地”切题。故选D项。【20题详解】根据下文“It is a recognition of the importance of other people.”（这是对他人重要性的认可。）可知，选项在总结全文说守时到底是什么。It指代前文的punctuality 。故G选项“在现代社会，守时是一种必要的美德”切题。故选G项。第三部分 语言运用(共两节， 满分30分)第一节(共15小题； 每小题1分， 满分15
80、分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I log onto a computer at the doctors office to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room. There, a robotic nurse _21_ me onto the scales and then takes my blood pressure. Some time later, in steps the doctor, who is a
81、lso a robot. He notes down my _22_ and gives me a(n) _23_. I pay for my visit using a credit card and return home without having met another human being. This is my nightmarish vision of the future, which hasnt happened _24_ yet.I should say I really do like many aspects of _25_. I am a big fan of a
82、ir conditioning in summer and heaters in winter. But I am writing this because I dont want machines to _26_.When I call my dentists office and actually get a human being on the line, I am _27_. And when I see the introduction of yet more self-service checkout stations at the grocery store, I feel li
83、ke _28_, “When it comes to cashiers, make mine a(n) _29_, please!”After all, human cashiers sometimes _30_ you a store coupon for items you are buying.Even more than that, real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children, which can _31_ young mothers day. A cashier may also sh
84、ow compassion for an elderly person _32_ to get that last penny out of his purse.Machines can be _33_ and cost-effective and they often get the job done just fine. _34_ they lack an element so important to everyday life.Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart. It is _35_ no machine will ever have.
85、 It is human being that encourages us to smile at others, which may be what they need at that moment.21. A. tearsB. directsC. followsD. separates22. A. signalsB. symptomsC. sculpturesD. symbols23. A. descriptionB. assumptionC. prescriptionD. subscription24. A. at mostB. at lastC. at leastD. at inter
86、vals25. A. commerceB. agricultureC. literatureD. technology26. A. cut inB. pass byC. take overD. go away27. A. annoyedB. thrilledC. discouragedD. disappointed28. A. cursingB. laughingC. shoutingD. weeping29. A. machineB. humanC. animalD. plant30. A. giveB. remindC. bargainD. purchase31. A. brightenB
87、. darkenC. strengthenD. widen32. A. turningB. happeningC. describingD. struggling33. A. urgentB. efficientC. frequentD. consistent34. A. ButB. BecauseC. OtherwiseD. Therefore35. A. everythingB. nothingC. anythingD. something【答案】21. B 22. B 23. C 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. A 32. D
88、33. B 34. A 35. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文中作者想象了未来机器人接管一切的场景，感觉是噩梦。作者认为机器人虽然效率高，成本低，而且常常能很好地完成工作，但它们缺少人类才有的灵魂。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里，一个机器人护士把我带到秤上，然后给我量血压。A. tears撕开；B. directs指导；C. follows跟随；D. separates分开。根据后文“me onto the scales and then takes my blood pressure”可知此处自豪机器人护士指导作者称体重，然后给作者量血压。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词
89、义辨析。句意：他记下我的症状并给我开药方。A. signals信号；B. symptoms症状；C. sculptures雕塑；D. symbols象征。根据上文“in steps the doctor, who is also a robot. He notes down my”可知作者去体检，机器人记下作者的症状。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他记下我的症状并给我开药方。A. description描述；B. assumption假设；C. prescription药方；D. subscription订阅。上文提到机器人医生记下作者的症状，然后给作者开药方。故选C。【24题
90、详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：这是我对未来的噩梦般的想象，至少现在还没有发生。A. at most至多；B. at last最后；C. at least至少；D. at intervals不时。根据上文“This is my nightmarish vision of the future, which hasnt happened”可知这些是作者对未来的幻想，所以至少现在还没有发生。故选C。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我应该说我真的很喜欢科技的很多方面。A. commerce贸易；B. agriculture农业；C. literature文学；D. technology技术。后文
91、中“I am a big fan of air conditioning in summer and heaters in winter.”列举了作者喜欢空调，即现代技术。故选D。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：但我写这篇文章是因为我不想让机器接管一切。A. cut in插嘴；B. pass by经过；C. take over接管；D. go away走开。根据后文可知作者不想和机器人通话和让机器人给自己结账，推测作者不想机器接管日常生活的一切。故选C。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我打电话给我的牙医办公室，实际上是一个人在电话里，我很激动。A. annoyed恼怒的；B.
92、thrilled激动的；C. discouraged沮丧的；D. disappointed失望的。上文提到作者不想机器人接管一切，所以当电话是人类接听的时候，作者显得很激动。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我看到杂货店推出更多的自助结账台时，我真想大喊一声：“当收银员来的时候，请换成人类给我结账吧！”A. cursing诅咒；B. laughing笑；C. shouting叫喊；D. weeping哭泣。根据后文“please!”可知作者对于自助结账情绪激动，shout符合语境。故选C。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看到杂货店推出更多的自助结账台时，我真想大喊一声：
93、“当收银员来的时候，请换成人类给我结账吧！”A. machine机器；B. human人类；C. animal动物；D. plant植物。根据上文可知，作者不喜欢机器接管一切，所以是希望人类给自己结账。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，收银员有时会给你一张你所购买商品的商店优惠券。A. give给予；B. remind提醒；C. bargain交易；D. purchase购买。根据后文“you a store coupon”指给某人某物，应用give sb. sth.。故选A。31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，现实生活中的收银员往往对特别可爱的孩子感兴趣，这可以
94、让年轻妈妈们的开心。A. brighten点亮；B. darken变黑；C. strengthen加强；D. widen扩宽。结合上文“real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children”可知人类收银员喜欢可爱的孩子，这可以让年轻妈妈们开心。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：收银员也可能会对一个挣扎着从钱包里拿出最后一分钱的老人表示同情。A. turning转弯；B. happening发生；C. describing描述；D. struggling努力，挣扎。根据后文“to get tha
95、t last penny out of his purse”可知指挣扎着从钱包里拿出最后一分钱的老人。故选D。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：机器效率高，成本低，而且常常能很好地完成工作。A. urgent紧急的；B. efficient有效率的；C. frequent频繁的；D. consistent一致的。对应后文“and cost-effective”指机器效率高，成本低。故选B。34题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：但它们缺少日常生活中非常重要的元素。A. But但是；B. Because因为；C. Otherwise否则；D. Therefore因此。上文提到了机器的好处，后文
96、则说它们缺少重要元素，前后为转折关系，应用but。故选A。【35题详解】考查不定代词辨析。句意：这是任何机器都不会有的东西。A. everything一切；B. nothing没有什么；C. anything任何事；D. something某物。根据上文“Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart.”可知作者认为机器缺少灵魂，是任何机器都不会有的东西，something符合语境。故选D。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Your house may have an effect
97、 on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in _36_ you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of _37_ you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark envi
98、ronments are more likely to encourage _38_ (overeat), for people are often less self-conscious（难为情）when theyre in 5_39_ (poor) lit places and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesnt have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with _40_ (bright).Mind the colors. Resea
99、rch suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room _41_ (consume) 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, _42_ cold colors make us feel less hungry. _43_ when its time to repaint, go blu
100、e.Dont forget the clock or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories per meal than those _44_ rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while youre at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some he
101、lp slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, tota
102、l intake jumps by 14 percent. And well pour about 30 percent _45_ liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.【答案】36. whether 37. against 38. overeating 39. poorly 40. brightness 41. consumed 42. while 43. So 44. who 45. more【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了房间的装修会影响人的体重。【36题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：专家表示，你的家居设
103、计方式可能会影响到你是增重还是减肥。分析句子结构可知，此句为宾语从句，且从句中不缺成分，意为“是否”，且介词之后不能用if，故填whether。【37题详解】考查介词。句意：你可以让你的环境为你工作，而不是与你作对。根据“for you instead of”可知，此空应该填for的反义词，故填against。【38题详解】考查动名词。句意： 黑暗的环境更容易导致暴饮暴食，因为人们在光线不好的地方往往不那么自觉，所以更有可能吃很多食物。根据空前的动词“encourage”可知，此处应用动名词作宾语，故填overeating。【39题详解】考查副词。句意：黑暗的环境更容易导致暴饮暴食，因为人们在
104、光线不好的地方往往不那么自觉，所以更有可能吃很多食物。分析句子结构可知，此处应该用副词修饰空后的过去分词it，故填poorly。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：如果你的家没有足够的窗户照明，多买一些灯，让整个地方充满明亮。根据“with”可知，此处应该填写名词，故填brightness。【41题详解】考查动词时态。句意： 在一项研究中，在蓝色房间吃饭的人比在黄色或红色房间吃饭的人少吃33%。分析句子结构可知，此空作谓语动词，根据ate可知应该用一般过去时，故填consumed。【42题详解】考查连词。句意：像黄色这样的暖色让食物看起来更有食欲，而冷色让我们感觉不那么饿。分析句子结构可知，上下句为
105、对比关系，故填while。【43题详解】考查连词。句意：所以当需要重新粉刷的时候，选择蓝色。分析句子结构可知，上下句为因果关系，故填So。【44题详解】考查定语从句。句意：细嚼慢咽的人每顿饭比匆匆吃完的人少摄入约70卡路里。分析句子结构可知，此句为定语从句，先行词为those，指人且在从句中作主语，故填who。【45题详解】考查比较级。句意：我们会在短而宽的杯子里比高而细的杯子多倒30%的液体。根据“than”可知，此处应该用比较级，表示“多的”，故填more。【点睛】第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (满分15分)46. 你校上周举办了帮助贫困地区留守儿童的云义卖（online c
106、harity sale）活动，请你为学校英文校报写一篇活动报道，内容包括：1. 活动目的；2. 活动过程：网上展示和销售闲置物品等；3. 活动意义和参与者感受。注意：1. 写作词数应为100词左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不记在字数内。An online charity sale was held in our school last week. _【答案】A Possible Version:An online charity sale was held in our school last week. This activity was aimed at enhancing student
107、s sense of social responsibility and helping the left-behind children in the poverty-hit area. More than 3,000 people in total, including students, teachers and parents, took an active part in it. The participants displayed and sold the idle items on line. All the money they earned will be donated t
108、o those poor children as their tuition fees. The event has achieved a big hit. On the websites comment board, some participants said that they benefited enormously from the event and some expressed their hope that more illuminating activities like this could be held in the future.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文
109、，要求考生给学校上周举办的帮助贫困地区留守儿童的云义卖活动写一篇活动报道。【详解】1.词汇积累目的是：be aimed at=be intended to提高：enhanceincrease参加：take part in=participate in获得：achievegain2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：More than 3,000 people in total, including students, teachers and parents, took an active part in it.拓展句：It was more than 3,000 people in total,
110、including students, teachers and parents that took an active part in it.【点睛】高分句型1All the money they earned will be donated to those poor children as their tuition fees. (运用了省略that引导的限制性定语从句)高分句型2 On the websites comment board, some participants said that they benefited enormously from the event and
111、some expressed their hope that more illuminating activities like this could be held in the future. (第一个that引导宾语从句，第二个that引导同位语从句)第二节 (满分25分)47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。It was a rainy November morning. Overcome with anger I knew if I didnt leave the house soon I would lose my temper with
112、 my husband, Joe. As rain came down in sheets, Joe offered to take me to work. I struggled into my jacket, seized my bag and teaching plans and ignored him. He insisted and reached for his boots. I looked at the piles of newspapers and the dirty dishes sill on the table. “Dont you have enough to do?
113、 I can take care of myself. ” I stormed out, not even kissing him good-bye. Joe shouted after me not to take the shortcut. Joe and I had been eagerly looking forward to our retirement when a heart attack that past spring forced him to leave his job earlier than we had planned. As the medical bills m
114、ounted we realized I would have to continue working full-time while Joe stayed home and took over the housework. The new arrangement was a disaster. Exhausted after a day of full work, all I wanted was a hot home-cooked meal and a good nights sleep. However, what greeted me at the table was a microw
115、ave package. Sometimes he would serve oatmeal（燕麦）for several nights in a row. One night when I dragged myself to bed, I was terrified to discover Joe had turned our white sheets blue. He told me he had found out how to save on water, soap and electricity. He patted his blue trousers and announced pr
116、oudly washing everything together was just the secret. Ten minutes later, ignoring Joe s warning, I turned off the main route. I thought it hadnt rained enough to flood the road, but as I rounded the corner water rushed across my path. After a few feet, the car got stuck. I opened the door and water
117、 poured in. I hurriedly closed the door. I couldnt risk walking in this. Almost 20 minutes passed. The car began to shake. I got frightened to death when I heard three long honks（喇叭声）. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Looking over my shoulder, I stared into the flashing lights of a truck._I sc
118、reamed at Joe that I couldnt make it. _【答案】Paragraph 1:Looking over my shoulder, I stared into the flashing lights of a truck. It was Joe！I couldnt help bursting into tears. Joe shouted to me not to be frightened. Then he threw a thick rope so that I could hang on to it and walk straight toward him.
119、 I opened the door, grabbed it and inched out. However, a sudden fall left me in the rushing water. I struggled to my feet, only to find a branch blocking the way right in front of me.Paragraph 2:I screamed that I couldnt make it. Joe, however, remained calm！He urged me to take one step at a time an
120、d assured me I could make it. I moved forward slowly and cautiously before I fell into his arms. Sobbing against his chest, I apologized that I shouldnt have taken the shortcut. Joe patted me saying his primary concern was my safety. Only then did I realize Joe actually understood how to take care o
121、f me despite his trouble with the housework.【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了十一月的一个早晨，下着大雨，作者的丈夫Joe叮嘱作者不要抄近路去上班，而作者没有听丈夫的话，还是走了近路，结果车被困在了积满雨水的道路上。【详解】1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“我回过头，盯着一辆卡车闪烁的灯光。”可知，第一段可描写作者发现是丈夫来解救自己，以及丈夫解救作者的经过，最后作者被一根树枝拦住了。由第二段首句内容“我尖叫着说我过去不了。”可知，第二段可描写作者的丈夫是如何鼓励作者克服了困难的，最后作者意识到丈夫其实懂得如何照顾自己，尽管他做家务很麻烦。
122、2.续写线索：回头看到灯光丈夫开车救援鼓励成功解救感悟3.词汇激活行为类大喊：shout at sb./ cry out/call out抓住：get hold of/ catch hold of/ seize/ clench/grab鼓励：encourage/ urge/inspire哭泣：weep/ sob/ cry道歉：apologize/ make an apology/say sorry for情绪类感谢：show appreciation/show gratitude/be grateful积极：positive attitude/act positively【点睛】高分句型1.Then he threw a thick rope so that I could hang on to it and walk straight toward him. (运用了so that引导的目的状语从句)高分句型2.Only then did I realize Joe actually understood how to take care of me despite his trouble with the housework.（运用了“only + 副词”置于句首的倒装句。）