1、Section Grammar一、动词ing形式和动词不定式作宾语1动词ing形式作宾语(1)下列动词只能用动词ing形式作宾语：admit (承认)，appreciate (欣赏), consider (考虑), mention (提及), delay (耽误), enjoy (喜欢)，finish (完成), imagine (相像), miss (错过), practise (练习), resist (抵抗), risk (冒险), advise/suggest (建议), mind (介意), avoid (避免), allow (允许)Im considering going abr
2、oad for further study.我在考虑出国深造。We should avoid making the same mistake.我们应该避免犯同样的错误。He got wellprepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk losing the good opportunity.他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。(2)英语中有些动词短语也常跟动词ing作宾语。常见的有：be good at (擅长), be fond of (喜欢), be worth (值), devote to (致力于),
3、 feel like (想要), give up (放弃), have trouble/difficulty (in) (做某事有困难), look forward to (期望), pay attention to (注意), put off (推迟), be/get used to (习惯于)，insist on (坚持)等。Im looking forward to hearing from you.我盼望着收到你的来信。He has got used to living in the countryside.他已经习惯住在乡下了。巧学妙记歌诀巧记常接动词ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)：
4、建议考虑坚持练，(suggest, advise, consider, insist on, practise)允许想象弃冒险，(permit, allow, imagine, give up, risk)阻止抵抗否逃脱，(prevent, resist, deny, escape)不禁介意保持完，(cant help, mind, keep, finish)耽误推迟求原谅，(delay, put off, require, forgive, excuse)承认错过欣喜欢。(admit, miss, appreciate, enjoy)2动词不定式作宾语(1)不定式作宾语时，往往跟在某些及物动
5、词后面，常见的有：agree (同意), offer (提出), intend/plan (打算，计划), demand (要求), promise (答应), help (帮忙), prepare (准备), decide (决定), refuse (拒绝), choose (选择), wish/hope/want/expect (希望，想要), fail (不能), pretend (假装), manage (设法), determine (决心), beg (恳求，祈求), arrange (安排，准备)，threaten (威胁), claim (声称), aim (以为目标), he
6、sitate (犹豫不决)等。We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.我们约好在此地见面，但是她到现在还没有露面。They managed to finish the work on time.他们设法按时完成了工作。巧学妙记歌诀巧记常接动词不定式作宾语的动词：同意提出作计划，要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心强。恳求安排又威胁，声称目标不犹豫。(2)“疑问句不定式”结构作宾语“疑问词(who, which, when, where, how, what等)不定式”结构在句中起
7、名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语。下列动词可接“特殊疑问词不定式”作宾语：teach, remember, forget, decide, wonder，show, learn, consider, know等。He taught me how to cook.他教我如何做饭。Have you decided where to spend your holiday？你决定去哪儿度假了吗？(3)it可以充当形式宾语，指代真正的宾语不定式，可以用于该句型的动词有：consider, make, feel, find, think等。He feels it his duty to help othe
8、rs.他觉得帮助别人是他的职责。He found it hard to learn maths well.他发现学好数学很难。3动词ing形式作宾语与动词不定式作宾语的用法区别(1)可接动名词和不定式作宾语但意义不同的动词(短语)remember doing sth.记得曾经做过某事remember to do sth. 记住去做某事forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事stop doing sth. 停止正做的事stop to do sth. 停下来做另外一件事(此处不定式作状语)mean doing sth. 意味着做某事mea
9、n to do sth. 打算做某事regret doing sth. 后悔已经做过某事regret to do sth. 遗憾去做某事try doing sth. 试着做某事try to do sth. 努力做某事go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事go on to do sth. 完成一件事，接着做另一件事cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事cant help (to) do sth. 不能帮着做某事At the amusing performance, the audience couldnt help laughing.看到这滑稽的表演，观众们不禁笑了起来
10、。Im busy studying, so I cant help (to) do the housework.我忙着学习，所以不能帮忙做家务劳动。Remember to return the bat to me.But I remember having returned it to you.记住把球拍还给我。可是我记得已经还给你了。That would mean wasting a lot of labour.Really? I dont mean to waste any labour.那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。是吗？我没打算浪费劳动力。(2)可接动名词和不定式作宾语且意义差别不大的动词
11、hate, love, like, prefer等动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语时，意义虽相同，内涵却有些区别接不定式作宾语时，多表示一次性的、具体的动作；接动名词作宾语时，多表示习惯性的、一般性的动作。I like swimming, but I dont like to swim in this river.我喜欢游泳，但是我不喜欢在这条河里游泳。begin, start, continue等少数几个动词后接动名词或不定式作宾语时意义基本相同。但如果begin, start等用于进行时态，或其主语是物而非人时，须用不定式。Tom began to learn/learning how to
12、use a computer.汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。She was starting to do her homework.她正开始做作业。(3)need, want, require 作“需要”讲，句子的主语为物，且句子的主语和谓语动词后的非谓语动词之间是被动关系时，这些动词后面可接动词ing形式的主动式，也可接不定式的被动式。The windows need cleaning.The windows need to be cleaned.窗户需要擦了。二、动词ing形式作主语1动词ing形式作主语时具有名词的特征，谓语动词一般用单数。Drinking a lot of water is
13、 good for you.多喝水对你有好处。Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours from here.从这儿乘火车到杭州大约要(花费)16个小时。2用it作形式主语，而将动词ing形式的动词或动词短语放到句末，以避免句子结构头重脚轻。常见句型有：It isno good (no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)doing.。It is no good eating too much sweet food.吃太多的甜食没有好处。Its a waste of time sitting here
14、without doing anything.在这儿干坐着是浪费时间。3动名词的复合结构作主语，当动名词的逻辑主语是有生命的人或物时，逻辑主语通常用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格形式。His returning back to work is a great help to us.他回来工作对我们来说是一大帮助。名师点津动词ing形式和不定式都可以作主语，动词ing形式作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。(泛指)Be careful! To play with fire will be
15、 dangerous.小心点！玩火会带来危险。(指一具体动作)考情分析非谓语动词的考查是近年来语法填空或改错题等题型几乎每年必考察的方向，非谓语动词可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语等成分，不能作谓语。本模块主要学习动词不定式和动词ing形式作宾语及作主语的用法。这也是高考考查中一个热点的方向。相似助记1在某些句型中用doing。have trouble doing sth.have no problem (in) doing sth.have difficulty (in) doing have a hard time doing sth.have fun doing sth.b
16、e busy/be active (in) doing sth.相似助记2省略不定式符号to的一些情况：在had better“最好做”，why not“为什么不做” 后，要用省略不定式符号的动词原形。在would rather do than do, prefer to do rather than do“宁愿做而不愿做”的结构中。在cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but, do nothing but“只好，不得不”后，要用省略不定式符号的动词原形。在feel, listen to, hear, let, have, make, wat
17、ch, observe, notice, look at (口诀记忆的“一感，二听，三让，四看”)后的宾补成分要省略不定式符号to。即时训练.用所给词的正确形式填空1Tom enjoys playing (play) basketball on Sunday afternoons, doesnt he?Yes, he does.2A doctor can expect to_be_called (call) at any hour of the day.3The light in the office is still on.Oh, I forgot to_turn (turn) it off
18、.4In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the firestricken areas moved out to escape being_burned (burn)5Many businessmen attended the Boao Forum (博鳌论坛) because they knew what to_get (get) from the forum.6I really appreciate you offering (offer) to help me, but I am sure
19、 that I will be able to manage by myself.7Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time passing (pass) the exam.8Its no use persuading (persuade) him to stop doing that.9As a result of the serious flood, twothirds of the buildings in the area need repairing/to_be_repaired (repair)10I
20、 had just settled in the new place and didnt know what to_expect (expect).根据汉语提示完成句子1目前，我只好等待。At present I can do nothing but wait.2如果你在动物园里，记住不要触摸或接近动物。If you are in the zoo, remember not_to_touch or go near the animals.3跟他讲没用，因为他从来不听。It is no use talking_to him, because he never listens.4我在这儿吸烟，你介
21、意吗？Would you mind my_smoking here?5听到这个坏消息他大哭起来。Hearing the bad news made him cry.6You were brave enough to say “no” to him.Well, I will never regret having_done (做) that.7我情不自禁地笑了。I cant_help laughing.8当老板经过他们时，他们假装正在努力工作。They pretended to_be_working hard when their boss passed them.9.Have you ever
22、 considered_changing (考虑换) your job?No.10我认为学好画画花费很长时间。I think learning_to_paint well takes a long time.把下面的句子翻译成汉语1We are considering taking a trip around the island.我们正考虑环岛旅行。2Theres no point in agreeing to accompany him to the theater.答应陪他去剧院是没有意义的。3I am terribly sorry I didnt mean to interrupt y
23、ou.真对不起，我不是有意打扰你。4It was very kind of you to visit me when I was ill.在我生病时来看我，你真是太好了。5To finish this job in one day is impossible.要在一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。.单句语法填空1Its no good learning (learn) English without speaking (speak) English.2I found it difficult for me to_express (express) myself in English.3I for
24、got to_bring (bring) a pen. Could you lend me one?4As a result of the serious flood, two thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing/to_be_repaired (repair)5Being_educated (educate) in a famous university is what most students wish for.6After he got enough information, he got down to writing
25、(write) the report.7I regret to_say (say) that Im too busy to participate in the talk.8I find it no use advising (advise) him to go with us.9The child doesnt know how to solve the problem.10What made him sad?Losing (lose) his new watch.完成句子1With the help of the teacher, we succeeded_in_finishing the
26、 work.在老师的帮助下，我们成功地完成了那项工作。2They havent decided when_to_leave so far.他们到现在还没有决定什么时候离开。3Developing_a_good_habit_of_learning can help you improve your learning effectively.养成良好的学习习惯能帮助你有效地改进你的学习。4The flowers in your garden need watering/to_be_watered.你花园里的花需要浇水。5It_is_no_use_trying_solving the problem
27、 by force. Peace talks are the only solution.试图用武力解决问题是没用的，和谈才是唯一的办法。6You should avoid_doing silly things.你应该避免做傻事。7They found_it_difficult_to_finish the work in such a short time.他们发现在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。8I really appreciate your_taking_great_efforts_to_help_me out of the trouble.对于你努力帮我摆脱困境我不胜感激。.语法
28、填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。1_ (get) a good education may be the most important price you can pay, because, perhaps more than anything else, what you do 2._ that huge gray material between your ears will determine your future. These words 3._ (actual) describe millions of people worldwide
29、who choose to limit their potential ability by not 4._ (widen) their education.A person is much more likely to have better job 5._ (offer), more successful career, and a higher yearly salary with a 6._ (good) education. This, in turn would allow for a much better lifestyle.Our generation will become
30、 the doctors, lawyers, teachers and leaders of tomorrow. 7._ (do) this successfully, a higher level of education is very important! A higher education will mean a better lifestyle, a better ability 8._ (adjust) to new technologies, and a various life. Our world cannot afford any 9._ (use) potential.
31、We must crave learning. This, in turn, will pay for not only our future but also will help to insure success for those 10._ follow.1答案与解析：Getting所填词在句子中作主语，故用动名词。2答案与解析：withdo with是固定短语，意为“处理”，与what搭配使用。3答案与解析：actually作状语修饰动词describe，意为“实际上”，故用副词。4答案与解析：widening在介词by后用动名词形式。5答案与解析：offers根据后面的career等
32、判断本空应为名词，offer是可数名词，job offer“工作机会；工作邀请”，此处表达复数含义，故填offers。6答案与解析：better根据前后的higher, better判断本空填比较级better。7答案与解析：To do动词不定式作目的状语。8答案与解析：to adjustability后通常用不定式作定语，表示“做的能力”。9答案与解析：unused作名词potential的定语，与其是被动关系，而且表示“未被使用的”意义，故填unused。10答案与解析：who引导定语从句，作主语，修饰指人的those，故填who。课时作业(十一)Module 4Section Gramm
33、ar.单词拼写1He didnt realize his mistake.2She believes in the reality of miracles.3He made a realistic plan.4They rushed to the scene of the accident.5Youd better change your style of living.6He has artistic (艺术的) interest.7He brushed past me (擦身而过)8This is a watercolour painting.9These are the traditio
34、nal (传统) foods for Christmas.10The story drew our attention.单句改错1I prefer stay at home rather than go for a walk.prefer后加to2Hope for the best and preparing for the worst.preparingprepare3They were making preparation for the meeting.preparationpreparations4Mary prefers playing the piano than playing
35、tennis.thanto5What do you think up the film？upof.阅读理解Many of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance.These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries a
36、re highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we
37、turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this pur
38、pose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and
39、 the temperature of the freezer.If you have a_juicer,_you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “softserve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a childrens party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top o
40、f the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.【语篇解读】人们爱七月，因为七月是收获的季节，各种浆果和核果喜获丰收。那么如何加工食用这些果实呢？这些果实各自又含有哪些营养成分呢？1What does the author seem to like about cherries?AThey contain protein.BThey are high in vitamin A.CThey have a pleasant taste.DThey are rich in antioxidants.答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第二段的
41、倒数第二句可知应该选C项，樱桃很美味。“have a pleasant taste”与“be so delicious”的意思类似。2Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?ATo make them smell better.BTo keep their colour.CTo speed up their ripening.DTo improve their nutrition.答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“If you like，a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bana
42、nas will prevent them turning brown”可知，把新鲜的柠檬汁挤到香蕉上会防止它变色。3What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?AA dessert.BA drink.CA container. DA machine.答案与解析：D词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below”可推断出，juicer应该是“榨
43、汁机”的意思。4From which is the text probably taken?AA biology textbook. BA health magazine.CA research paper. DA travel brochure.答案与解析：B文章出处判断题。全文主要介绍了一些七月成熟的果实以及这些果实的营养成分等，而这自然与健康饮食有关，介绍这类内容的文章很可能刊登在健康杂志上。.完形填空My 13yearold son and I had quite the adventure this morning! We frequently pass by a _1_ yard
44、with a nice little flower garden. This morning we went by it again and I wanted to _2_ my thanks for the time and effort put in by the _3_， but I had never seen him or her, so we went to a local nursery (苗圃) store and bought a gift card which I would leave with a note and a smile card the next time
45、I _4_.We also drove to Walmart and _5_ a few $10 gift cards along with some note cards and our other _6_. While we were putting our things away in the car, my son _7_ that a lady who had just parked next to us looked a little _8_. As soon as she entered the _9_， we grabbed (抓起) a note card, wrote a
46、note _10_， and added a gift card for her to find when she got back to her _11_， hoping to comfort her.After that, we went for a(n) _12_ breakfast. The restaurant was pretty _13_ and the people working in the kitchen seemed to be busy forever. A young couple _14_ across the dining table from us were
47、having some trouble with their _15_， who looked to be four or five. He grew _16_ and impatient with the wait and the couple had their hands _17_ with keeping him from making troubles.I remembered being in their _18_， so I stopped their _19_ and had their breakfast added to my check. A great _20_ to
48、my day, and I cant wait to do it again!【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一天早晨“我”和儿子做的三件好事。“我们”以帮助他人的形式开启了新的一天。1A.smoothBformalCsmall Dbeautiful答案与解析：D根据下文中的“with a nice little flower garden”可知，这是一个美丽的院子。2A.express BrecognizeCdesign Daccept答案与解析：A根据下文中的“my thanks for the time and effort”可知，“我”想表达谢意。3A.nurse Bdenti
49、stCgardener Dpasserby答案与解析：C根据上文中的“a nice little flower garden”可知，这里是指园艺师(gardener) 。4A.passed by Bran awayCset off Dtook off答案与解析：A下次“我”经过(passed by)这里时，“我”打算把便条和卡片留下来。上文中的“We frequently pass by a 1_(beautiful) yard”也是提示。5A.bought BborrowedCsold Dimported答案与解析：A根据下文中的“a few $10 gift cards”可知，“我们”去沃
50、尔玛买了一些10美元的礼品卡。6A.instruments BclothesCtoys Dgroceries答案与解析：D“我们”在沃尔玛还买了一些食品杂货(groceries)。instrument“器具”；clothes“衣服”；toy“玩具”。7A.suspected BobservedCimagined Dreserved答案与解析：B根据语境可知，“我”儿子注意到刚才紧挨着“我们”停车的一位女士。suspect“怀疑”；imagine“想象”；reserve“保留；预定”。8A.happy BgenerousCexcited Dupset答案与解析：D根据下文中的“hoping to
51、 comfort her”可知，此处表示这位女士看起来有点沮丧(upset)。happy“开心的”；generous“慷慨的”；excited“兴奋的”。9A.store BschoolCbank Dhospital答案与解析：A根据上文中的“Walmart”可知，那位女士进入了商店。10A.slowly BunwillinglyCquickly Dshyly答案与解析：C根据上文中的“As soon as”和“grabbed(抓起)”可知，此处应填quickly。11A.house BcarCbike Dbench答案与解析：B根据上文中的“a lady who had just parke
52、d next to us”可知，此处应填car。12A.early BboringCexpensive Dlate答案与解析：D根据上文可知，“我们”已经做了一系列的事情，此时时间不可能太早了，因此“我们”去吃了一顿迟来的早餐。13A.decorated BemptyCcrowded Ddeserted答案与解析：C根据下文中的“the people working in the kitchen seemed to be busy forever”可知，餐馆里很拥挤，挤满了人，才会使厨房中的员工忙个不停。decorated“装饰的”；empty“空的”；deserted“荒芜的”。14A.la
53、in BloadedCseated Darranged答案与解析：C根据语境可知，此处表示在“我们”对面的餐桌上坐着一对年轻的夫妻。15A.son BdaughterCdog Dpet答案与解析：A根据下文中的“who looked to be four or five”以及“keeping him from making troubles”可知，此处指他们四五岁的儿子。16A.useless BhelplessCcareless Drestless答案与解析：D根据下文中的“impatient”可知，小孩子坐立不安(restless)。17A.empty BfullCnormal Dnece
54、ssary答案与解析：B根据下文中的“keeping him from making troubles”可知，年轻夫妇忙着不让孩子制造麻烦。have ones hands full“非常忙；应接不暇”。18A.shorts BglovesCshoes Dsocks答案与解析：Cin ones shoes是固定搭配，意为“站在某人的角度”。19A.waitress BchildCcustomer Dhostess答案与解析：A根据下文中的“had their breakfast added to my check”可知，“我”拦下了服务员。20A.end BstartCstory Ddream答
55、案与解析：B由上文可知，这是早晨发生的事情，是一天的开始。.语法填空An American businessman 1._ (name) Henry had some bad luck. He was carried out to sea by a strong wind and 2._ (spot) by a ship before giving up. Then he landed in Britain by accident. He earned his passage by working 3._ an unpaid hand, 4._ accounted for his appear
56、ance. He was lost in London and had no money on him. Nobody knew who he was.5_ (wander) in the street one day, he was invited to a big house. Then something 6._ (believe) happened to him. Inside the house, Henry was so hungry that he stared at the food 7._ (leave) on the table when the two wealthy b
57、rothers asked him some 8._ (question). Henry told them it was all 9._ (he) fault that he arrived in London, and that he had tried to seek help but had no luck. He thought the two brothers would make fun of him at first. On 10._ contrary, they gave him a letter which Henry promised not to open until
58、2 oclock.【语篇解读】落魄的亨利流浪伦敦的街头，走投无路中，遇到富商兄弟，他们给了他一封神秘的信。1答案与解析：namedbusinessman与name之间为被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。2答案与解析：(was) spotted此处与was carried out并列，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。3答案与解析：aswork as“担任；以身份工作”。4答案与解析：which非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，故用which。5答案与解析：Wanderinghe与wander为主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。6答案与解析：unbelievable修饰不定代词应用形容词形式。根据语境此处要用表示否定意义的形容词，故答案为unbelievable。7答案与解析：left此处表示“剩下的”的意思。8答案与解析：questionsquestion为可数名词且此处被some修饰，因此应用其复数形式。9答案与解析：his修饰名词应用形容词性物主代词。10答案与解析：theon the contrary“正相反”。