1、Section Introduction & Reading.重点单词1核心单词contain vt.包括；包含crash vi. (计算机)崩溃breakdown n. 故障source n. 来源；出处design vt. 设计2拓展单词access n接近；通路accessible adj.可进入的；可使用的invention n发明invent vt.发明inventor n发明者permission n许可permit vt.允许；n.许可证create vt.创造，发明creation n创造(力)creative adj.有创造力的3阅读单词keyword n密码；口令log v
2、t. 记录；登录software n. 软件date n. (复)数据network n. 网络percentage n. 百分数；百分率via prep. 途经，经由document n. 文件 nibleadj.accessible可进入的responsible 负责的credible 可信的flexible 灵活的visible 看得见的sion结尾名词大观园permission 许可decision 决定discussion 讨论possession 拥有explosion 爆炸expression 表达v.介词of动词短语hear of 听说think of 考虑；认为dream o
3、f 梦见consist of 由组成approve of 赞成“v.upwith”短语大聚会come up with 提出catch up with 赶上；追上keep up with 跟上put up with 容忍；忍受 .重点短语1consist of 由组成2as well 也3become known as 作为而出名；被称为；叫做4go down 下降5come up with 提出6from that moment on 从那时起.经典句式1It_then_became_possible_for universities to_use the system as well.这就使
4、得大学使用网络系统也成为可能。2BernersLee built his first computer while he was at university using_an_old_television!贝尔纳斯李上大学时用一台旧电视组装了他的第一台计算机。3BernersLee made_it_possible for everyone to_use the Internet not just universities and the army.贝尔纳斯李让每个人而不仅仅是大学和军队用上了因特网。篇章理解速读文章并选出最佳答案1The second paragraph mainly tel
5、ls us of _.Athe first computerBthe first networkCthe development of NSFNETDthe uses of the network答案：B2From the third paragraph we can conclude that _.AEnglish will be replaced by Chinese on the web in the futureBEnglish will still control the web in the futureCChinese will become one of the main la
6、nguages on the web in the futureDyou wont get information from the web if you dont know Chinese in the future答案：C3The idea of the World Wide Web appeared in by _.A1969; DARPAB1984; NSFC1991; Tim BernersLeeD1989; Tim BernersLee答案：D4The World Wide Web is used to _.Ashare information with other compute
7、r usersBstore important informationCcarry information to other computer usersDmake thousands of millionaires答案：A5The best title of this passage is _.ABernersLee the Inventor of W. W. W.BWant to Be a Millionaire? Go to W. W. W.CThe Development of the InternetDThe Uses of the Internet答案：C难句分析1It then
8、became possible for universities to use the system as well.句式分析本句是一个简单句。句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是其后的不定式to use the system as well。尝试翻译随后，大学使用这种系统也成为可能。2BernersLee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet not just universities and the army.句式分析本句是一个简单句。本句是“make itadj.for sb. to do sth.”结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正
9、的宾语是to_do不定式。尝试翻译贝尔纳斯李使每个人都能使用互联网变成了可能，而不仅仅局限于大学和军队。3He designed the first “web browser”， which allowed computer users to access documents from other computers.句式分析该句是一个复合句。本句的主干是He designed the first “web browser”，逗号后面的部分是which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是web_browser。尝试翻译他设计了第一个“网络浏览器”，允许电脑用户从其他电脑上读取文件。4You nee
10、d permission from the World Wide Web before you can access information.句式分析该句是一个复合句。本句的主句是You need permission from the World Wide Web，从句是before引导的时间状语从句。尝试翻译你需要得到万维网的许可，然后才能获得信息。知识点详解重点词汇、短语1contain vt. 包含；包括【语境领悟】A CDROM is a separate disk that contains lots of information.只读光盘是一个可以容纳大量信息的独立磁盘。【考点释
11、义】【词汇拓展】container n. 容器；集装箱containment n. 控制；抵制【易混辨析】contain/includecontain指容器里有某物；某物质中含有某种有机成分；某物质或物体中含有某物include指包括整体中的部分或要素；其分词或分词短语起补充说明作用【经典例句】The pitcher contains enough water for all of us.那水罐里有足够我们全体饮用的水。The band played many songs including some of my favourites.这个乐队演奏了许多歌曲，包括几首我最喜爱的。 即学即练 1
12、.判断下列句子中contain的含义This file may contain a virus that can be harmful to your computer.包含He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself.控制2选词填空：contain/includeThe gas tank can hold twenty gallons(加仑) of gas but now it may contain only three gallons.Little Johnny felt the bag curious to know wh
13、at it contained.In the accident five passengers were killed including a foreigner.Look! The box contains a number of letters which include those from his students.She couldnt contain herself when she saw him after ten years of separation.2.separate adj. 分开的；独立的；单独的v. (使)分开；分离；隔开【语境领悟】A CDROM is a se
14、parate disk that contains lots of information. 只读光盘存储器是包含许多信息的单独的光盘。【短语拓展】be separated 被分开的separate A from B 使A和B分开separate sth. out 使某物分开；划分【经典例句】Raw meat must be kept separate from cooked meat.生肉和熟肉必须分开存放。The children all sleep in separate beds.孩子们都是分床睡的。Separate those two boys who are fighting.把那
15、两个正在打架的男孩子拉开。It is impossible to separate belief from emotion.信仰和感情是分不开的。 即学即练 单句语法填空We should separate the most valuable ideas from the common ones.The united states consists of fifty states one of which is_separated(separate) from the others by the Pacific Ocean.3.breakdown n. 故障【语境领悟】*The old car
16、 moved noisily along the road again after a breakdown.那辆破车在一次故障后又隆隆地行驶在路上了。*She has had a nervous breakdown.她神经崩溃了。【短语拓展】【经典例句】The police broke up the crowd.警察驱散了人群。The sun broke through at last in the afternoon.下午太阳终于从云层里钻了出来。Her health broke down under the pressure of work.工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。He broke i
17、nto the discussion with a shout of warning.他大声警告，打断了讨论。A fire broke out during the night.夜间发生了火灾。 即学即练 单句语法填空The two countries are going to meet to break down some barriers(障碍) to trade between them.They had escaped to America shortly before the war broke out in 1939.The house must have been broken
18、into everything is in a mess.Im surprised to hear that Mary and Tom have broken up. They seemed to be happy the last time I saw them. 4.consist of由组成【语境领悟】It consists of millions of pages of data.它由数百万页数据组成。【短语拓展】consist with和一致；符合consist in 在于；以为主要特征【经典例句】The politicians actions do not consist with
19、 the promises in his speeches.那位政客的行为与他在演说里所作的承诺不符。The beauty of this picture consists in its balance of colours.这张画美就美在色调均匀。【易混辨析】“组成”表达知多少？注意：consist of通常不用于被动语态和进行时态。【经典例句】The Bull Team is made up of 15 players.公牛队由十五名运动员组成。Six women and nineteen men make up the committee.6位妇女和19位男士组成了这个委员会。Water
20、 is composed of the elements hydrogen and oxygen.水是由氢元素和氧元素组成。即学即练 1.语法填空Canada is a country consisting of many different nationalities as well as one with foreign immigrants(移民) making up the majority of its population.2用consist的相关短语完成句子Life mainly consists_of happiness and sorrow while happiness a
21、nd sorrow consist_in struggles. Remember that your ideal life does not always consist_with the reality.3句型转换The band consists of 12 musicians.The band is_composed_of 12 musicians.The band is_made_up_of 12 musicians.漫画助记This necklace consists of gold and diamond.这款项链由黄金和钻石组成。 5.as well也【语境领悟】It then
22、became possible for universities to use the system as well.后来，大学使用这个系统也成为可能。【短语拓展】as well as 也；除之外；还may/might as well do sth. 做倒也无妨it might/would be as well. 最好【易混辨析】as well/as well asas well用于肯定句句末，意为：还；也as well as后多跟名词或代词，意为：除之外【温馨提示】as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与前一个主语保持一致。【经典例句】If you have no pen a pe
23、ncil will do as well.如果你没有钢笔，铅笔也行。He grows flowers as well as vegetables.他既种菜也种花。即学即练 单句语法填空The teacher as well as his students is(be) going to attend the meeting.Now that you have began the task you might as well finish it.He can play the piano as well as his brother. 6.access n. 入径；通路；机会；权利vt. 进入；
24、使用；到达【语境领悟】The World Wide Web (the web) is a computer network that allows computer users to access information from millions of websites via the Internet.万维网是一种电脑网络，它允许电脑用户通过因特网从数百万的网站上获取信息。【考点释义】【词汇拓展】accessible adj. 易接近的；能进入的；可能达到的；易懂的【短语拓展】have/get/obtain access to 有/获得使用的权利/机会be easy/hard of acc
25、ess 容易/难接近be accessible to 易接近的；能进入的【经典例句】This book is easily accessible to the young reader.这本书是年轻读者容易懂的。He had no access to education when he was in his twenties.他二十几岁时没有受教育的机会。即学即练 单句语法填空“OU supports open learning” is a method of distance learning thats accessible(access) to everybody living in t
26、he European Union.In spite of the advanced medical technology many Americans have no access to the good health care for poverty.Can you think of another good idea?This is the best approach I can imagine to accomplishing(accomplish) the work ahead of schedule.漫画助记This is the only access to the buildi
27、ng.这是进入这栋楼的唯一通道。 7.go down(价格、价值、程度、数量等)下降【语境领悟】*At the moment about 80 percent of web traffic is in English but this percentage is going down.目前，大约80%的网络信息是用英文传输的，但这个比例正在下降。*Fare tends to go down in the autumn and rise again at Christmas.交通票价秋季时趋于下降，而圣诞节期间又开始回升。*The grain crop has gone down this ye
28、ar.今年的粮食产量下降了。【易混辨析】go down不及物动词词组，无被动语态，某物“下降”，某物作主语。其反义词为go upbring down及物动词词组，有被动语态，某物“下降”，某物作宾语。其反义词为bring up 即学即练 1.判断下列句子中go down的含义People hope the prices of goods will go down.下跌；下降He will go down in history as a great statesman(政治家)被记下We sat and watched the sun go down.(日，月)落到地平线下2单句改错His ac
29、hievements have been gone down in history.去掉beene up with 想出；提出【语境领悟】He came up with the idea of the World Wide Web in 1989 while he was working in Switzerland. 1989年他在瑞士工作期间提出了(组建)万维网的想法。【短语拓展】come about 发生come across 偶然遇到；发现；被理解come around 改变心态，改变观点come out 出版；出现；露出come to 加起来总共；达到when it comes to
30、 当涉及；当谈到【经典例句】I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.我希望你们能提出一个比这个更好的计划。I never remember having come across a man like that.我怎么也记不起碰到过这样一个人。【易混辨析】come up with提出(主意、想法、计划等)，主语为“人”，宾语为主意、想法、计划等(不用于被动语态)come up(问题、方案等)被提出，主动形式表被动意义 即学即练 1.选择填空：come up/come up withSo far no one has come_up_
31、with convincing(有说服力的) evidence of why dinosaurs died out and it remains a mystery.No new suggestions came_up at the meeting.2单句语法填空How did it come about that you made such a silly mistake.When it comes to choosing(choose) a gift I think a book is a good choice.His new book will come out next month.
32、漫画助记He first came up with the good idea of going to visit a factory.是他首先提出去参观工厂这个好主意的。9.design v. 设计；制图；计划 n. 装饰图案；设计；打算；意图【语境领悟】He designed the first “web browser”，which allowed computer users to access documents from other computers. 他设计了第一个“网络浏览器”，这允许电脑用户从其他电脑上获取文件。【短语拓展】be designed for. /to do s
33、th. 为而设计的；目的是by design 有意的；故意的【经典例句】These books are especially designed for the use of beginners.这些书是专供初学者使用的。I dont know whether they did it by accident or by design.我不知道他们这样做是偶然的，还是故意的。The magazine will appear in a new design from next month.从下月起这本杂志将以新的设计问世。 即学即练 用design的相关短语完成句子这些房子是专为老年人设计的。The
34、 houses are specially designed_for old people.这些机器人是为帮助人们做家务而设计的。The robots are designed_to_help people do the housework.不知是偶然还是有意安排，其他人走后，碰巧只剩下他们两个人了。It happened whether by accident or by_design that the two of them were left alone after all the others had gone.漫画助记He drew the design of the house w
35、ithin a week.他在一周内就画出了房子的图案。 pare. with. 把与比较【语境领悟】Compare your list with other students. 把你列的清单和其他同学的比较一下。【短语拓展】compare A and B 把A与B比较compare A to B 把A比作Bcompared with/to 和相比(常作状语)comparing A with/to B 把A和B相比(常作状语)beyond/without compare 无与伦比；举世无双【易混辨析】comparing A with/to B与compared with/to 分词作状语com
36、paring A with/to Bcomparing为现在分词，表主动，其逻辑主语为人compared with/tocompared 为过去分词，表被动，其逻辑主语为被比之物或人【经典例句】Compare your answers with those at the back of the book to see if they are right.把你的答案同书后面的答案对照一下，看看是否正确。He compared his girlfriend to the moon in a poem.他在一首诗中把他女朋友比作月亮。My own problems seem insignifican
37、t compared with other peoples.与别人的问题相比，我自己的问题算不得什么。即学即练 1.单句语法填空Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.Compare this one with that one and youll know which is better.2完成句子Compared_with_others(与其他人相比) I have a long way to go.漫画助记He compared the girl to the moon in the poem.他在诗中把那个姑娘比作月亮。 11.permiss
38、ion n. 许可【语境领悟】*You need permission from the World Wide Web before you can access information.你需要得到万维网的允许才能获取信息。*I need to call my dad and ask for permission before we go out.我们出去之前，我得给我爸打个电话征得他的同意。*Give yourself permission to fail and see what happens.试着允许自己去失败，看看会怎样。【短语拓展】(1)ask for permission 征求许
39、可；请求允许give permission 准许without permission 未经许可(2)permit v. 允许permitn./pron./doing 允许permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事【经典例句】My parents dont permit me to go with you.我父母不准我和你一起去。The government does not permit gambling in any place.政府不允许在任何场合赌博。即学即练 1.单句语法填空Dont permit little things to_ruin(ruin) your hap
40、piness. Try to develop a mental attitude that will bring you peace and happiness.We dont permit smoking(smoke) in our school. Would you please put your cigarette out?Forgive me. I didnt know.There was once a guy who suffered from a cancer that couldnt be cured. He never went outside but he was tired
41、 of staying at home and wanted to go out. So he asked his mother and she gave him permission(permit)2完成句子未经允许我们不能看别人的私人信件。We cannot read others private letters without_permission.漫画助记Students are not permitted to cheat in the exams.学生不允许在考试中作弊。 知识点详解重点句型BernersLee made_it_possible for everyone to us
42、e the Internet not just universities and the army.贝尔纳斯李使每个人使用因特网变成了可能，而不仅仅局限于大学和军队。【归纳拓展】(1)句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语，而possible是宾语补足语。(2)当think make find feel consider等动词后面是不定式或从句作宾语，并且宾语带有补语时，通常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语置于宾补后，构成句式：主语谓语it宾语补足语真正的宾语。【语境领悟】*His being late made it impossible for the meeting to be he
43、ld on time.他来晚了，使得会议不可能按时召开。*I think it necessary to practise spoken English every day.我认为每天练习英语口语很有必要。 即学即练1.单句改错The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.thought后加it2语法填空About a month after I joined Facebook I got a call from Lori Goler a highly regarded seni
44、or(地位较高的) director of marketing at eBay. She made it clear that this was a business call.It was the culture rather than the language that made it hard for him to_adapt(adapt) to the new environment abroad.No matter where he is he makes it a rule to go for a walk after breakfast.The two girls are so
45、alike that strangers find it difficult to_tell(tell) one from the other.The Internet is the biggest source of information in the world and its accessible through a computer. It consists of millions of pages of data.In 1969 DARPA a US defence organisation 【1】， developed a way for all their computers
46、to “talk” to each other through the telephone. They created a network of computers called DARPANET 【2】. For fifteen years only the US army could use this system of communication. Then in 1984 the US National Science Foundation (NSF) started the NSFNET network. It then became possible for universitie
47、s to use the system as well. 【3】 NSFNET became known as the InterNetwork or “Internet”【1】a US defence organisation作DARPA的同位语，对其做进一步的解释和说明。【2】过去分词短语called DARPANET作后置定语，修饰a network of computers，可转换为定语从句which/that was called DARPANET。【3】“It then became. as well”中It是形式主语，“to use. as well”是真正的主语。The Wor
48、ld Wide Web (the web) is a computer network that allows computer users to access information from millions of websites via the Internet 【4】. At the moment， about 80 percent of web traffic is in English but this percentage is going down. By 2020 much web traffic could be in Chinese.【4】that引导定语从句，并在从句
49、中作主语，定语从句修饰先行词a computer network。The World Wide Web was invented in 1991 by an English scientist Tim BernersLee. BernersLee built his first computer while he was at university using an old television 【5】！ He came up with the idea of the World Wide Web in 1989 while he was working in Switzerland.【5】w
50、hile he was at university是while引导的时间状语从句；现在分词短语using an old television作方式状语。BernersLee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet 【6】， not just universities and the army. He designed the first “web browser”， which allowed computer users to access documents from other computers 【7】. From that
51、moment on the web and the Internet grew. Within five years the number of Internet users rose from 600 000 to 40 million.【6】“made it possible. the Internet”中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to use the Internet。【7】which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the first “web browser”。The Internet has created thousands of millionaires， but Berner
52、sLee is not one of them. Everyone in the world can access the Internet using his World Wide Web system. He now works as a lecturer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston. 词语积累source/ss/n.来源；出处accessible/ksesbl/adj.可进入的；可使用的consist of. 由组成millions of数以百万计的；无数的data/det/n.(复)数据单数形式是datumdef
53、ence/dfens/n.保护；防卫create/kriet/vt.创造；发明network/netwk/n.网络as well也(一般放在句末)as well as既又；与一样好become known as.作为而出名；被称为，叫作access/kses/vt.存取(计算机文件)；访问句中to access与allow搭配，构成“allow. to do.”，意为“允许做”。via/va/prep.途经；经由at the moment目前，此刻；当时percentage/psentd/n.百分数；百分率go down下降come up with提出design/dzan/vt.设计docu
54、ment/dkjmnt/n.文件grow/gru/vi.扩大；增加rise/raz/vi.(rose risen)增加；上升rise to.增加到rise by.增加了millionaire/mljne(r)/n.百万富翁，大富豪work as.从事工作核心素养链接文化采风蒂姆贝尔纳斯李(Tim BernersLee)，英国计算机科学家。他是万维网的发明者，麻省理工学院教授。1990年12月25日，罗伯特卡里奥在CERN和他一起成功通过Internet实现了HTTP代理与服务器的第一次通讯。1999年时代将他列入20世纪最有影响的100名英国人之一。2004年，英女皇伊丽莎白二世向贝尔纳斯李颁
55、发大英帝国爵级司令勋章。2009年4月，他获选为美国国家科学院外籍院士。在2012年夏季奥林匹克运动会开幕典礼上，他获得了“万维网发明者”的美誉。2017年4月4日，蒂姆贝尔纳斯李获得2016年度的图灵奖。 因特网是世界上最大的信息源，并且人们可以通过电脑使用它。它由无数的数据页组成。1969年，DARPA(国防高级研究计划局)，一个美国防御组织，开发了一种使他们所有的计算机通过电话彼此“交谈”的方式。他们创建了一个叫DARPANET的电脑网络。15年里，只有美国军队能够使用这个通讯系统。后来，在1984年，美国国家科学基金会(NSF)启动了NSFNET网络。这就使大学也使用这个系统成为可能。
56、NSFNET作为“互联网络”或者“因特网”而闻名。万维网(the web)是一种计算机网络，它允许计算机用户通过因特网访问数百万网站上的信息。目前，大约有80%的网络通信使用英语，但是这个比例正在下降。到2020年，许多网络通信可能使用汉语。万维网是英国科学家蒂姆贝尔纳斯李在1991年发明的。读大学时，贝尔纳斯李利用一台旧电视机制成了他的第一台电脑！1989年，他在瑞士工作时，提出了(创建)万维网的想法。贝尔纳斯李让每个人都使用因特网成为可能，而不仅仅是大学和军队。他设计了第一个“网页浏览器”，它允许计算机用户访问其他电脑上的文件。从那时起，万维网与因特网发展起来。5年之内，因特网用户的数量从
57、60万增长到4 000万。因特网成就了无数的百万富翁，但贝尔纳斯李并不是其中之一。利用他(创建)的万维网系统，世界上的每个人都可以使用因特网。他现在是波士顿麻省理工学院的讲师。.单词拼写1This book contains (包含) all the information you need.2The only access to the town is across the bridge.3We deal in hardware but not software (软件)4Our car had a breakdown on the motorway so I couldnt start i
58、t.5Your local library will be a useful source (来源) of information.6Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.7Attack is the best defence (防御)8He created quite a number of wonderful characters in his play.9The Olympics was telecast live via (经由) satellite.10A large percentage of
59、schoolbooks now have pictures.11The design (设计) of something is the way in which it has been planned and made.12Please try and find time to read the documents/data before the meeting.13The invention (发明) of printing caused important changes in society.14Raise your arm to get permission to speak.15We
60、 had a military (军事的) training at the beginning of the school year.根据汉语提示用本部分的短语填空1我叔叔现在在一家电脑公司担任经理。Now my uncle works_as a manager at a computer company.2他来晚的原因是他没赶上第一班车。The reason why he was late is that he didnt catch the first bus.3人们常把老师比作园丁，而把学生比作花朵。Teachers are often compared_to gardeners whi
61、le students flowers.4我们有可能提前完成工作。It is possible_for us to_finish the work ahead of time.5去花园唯一的途径是穿过厨房。The only access_to the garden is through the kitchen.课文语法填空阅读下面课文缩写材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。The Internet 1.which is the biggest source of information 2.consists (consist) of millions of page
62、s of data. Everyone in the world can access it 3.using (use) the World Wide Web through a computer. But how did it develop？In 1969 it was a US defence organization 4.that developed a way for all their computers to “talk” to each other 5.through the telephone. Then in 1984 the US National Science Fou
63、ndation started the NSFNET network. It became possible for universities 6.to_use (use) the system as well. Later Tim BernersLee an English scientist came up 7.with the idea of the World Wide Web and invented it in 1991 which allowed computer users 8.to_access (access) documents from other computers. From that moment on the web and the Internet grew. Within five years 9.the number of Internet users rose quickly. The Internet has created thousands of millionaires 10.but BernersLee is not one of them. He now works as a lecturer in an institute.
