1、乌鲁木齐2015高考英语阅读、完形填空选练（3）答案（四月）阅读理解。“Children should not be left unsupervised(无人监督的)to play with a dog. ”say experts in this weeks British Medical Journal. Their advice is part of a review aimed at doctors who deal with dog bites. “Dog bites and maulings are a worldwide problem, particularly in child
2、ren. ”write Marina Morgan and John Palmer. Every year 250, 000 people who have been bitten by dogs attend minor injuries and emergency units in the United Kingdom, and half of all children are reportedly bitten by dogs at some time, boys more than girls. Accurate death figures are difficult to obtai
3、n, but in the past five years, two to three cases a year have made news headlines. Based on the latest medical evidence, they advise doctors how to examine and treat a patient presenting with a dog bite. They discuss the risk of infection and when to refer to specialist care. For travelers bitten ab
4、road, they suggest assessing the risk of rabies(狂犬病). In terms of prevention, they suggest that children should be taught to treat dogs with respect, avoid direct eye contact, and not tease them. They should be taught not to approach an unfamiliar dog; play with any dog unless under close supervisio
5、n; run or scream in the presence of a dog; pet a dog without first letting it sniff you; or disturb a dog that is eating, sleeping, or caring for puppies. “Dog owners also need to change their behavior”, says Rachel Besser, a childrens doctor and lifetime dog owner, in an article. “It is clear that
6、not all dog owners appreciate that children should not be left unsupervised with a dog”, she says. Just as some parents are obliged to take parenting classes, she would like to see compulsive classes for expectant dog owners to teach them about the responsibilities of dog ownership. Educational prog
7、rams are also needed to teach children about some precautionary behaviors around dogs. Finally, she would like to see vets advising dog owners about bite prevention, and doctors promoting bite prevention when treating patients who have been bitten by dogs. 【文章大意】狗咬人, 尤其是狗咬小孩的现象尤其需要引起关注, 为此, 需要采取一定的措
8、施。1. Dog biting studied by the experts is a problem. A. doctors dealing with dog bites should pay attention toB. happening only to a few children of the worldC. only boys may meet withD. about which experts get accurate statistics from the news headlines【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段“Their advice is part of a r
9、eview aimed at doctors who deal with dog bites. ”可知, 专家所研究的狗咬人的问题也应该是相关医生应给予重视的问题, 故答案选A项。2. The underlined word“they”in Paragraph 4 refers to“”. A. doctorsB. parentsC. expertsD. dog owners【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据“Based on the latest medical evidence”再结合第一段专家的讲话可推断, 他们是指研究狗咬人这一问题的专家们, 故选C项。3. What are Rachel
10、 Bessers words mainly about? A. All the dog owners would like children not to be left unsupervised with a dog. B. All the dog owners have a correct behavior toward dogs. C. Not all dog owners appreciate that children should be left with dogs under supervision. D. Not all dog owners should attend cla
11、sses about the responsibilities of dog ownership. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第七段“It is clear that not all dog owners appreciate that children should not be left unsupervised with a dog”可知, 雷切尔医生认为, 并非所有的狗的主人都认为孩子们和狗在一起的时候要有大人的照看。由此判断选C项。4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. Dogs, D
12、angerous To ChildrenB. Children Should Know Behaviors Around DogsC. Doctors, Treat Dog Bites CorrectlyD. Never Leave Children Unsupervised With Dogs【解析】选D。主旨大意题。狗咬人, 尤其是狗咬小孩的现象比较严重, 那么如何避免狗咬小孩呢? 这才是本文的写作重点, 而只有D项更能说明此问题, 故正确答案选D项。阅读理解 What does it mean to say that we live in a world of persuasion? I
13、t means that we live among competing interests. Your roommates need to study for an exam may take priority (优先) over pizza. Your instructor may have good reasons not to change your grade. And the object of your romantic/interest may have other choices.In such a world, persuasion is the art of gettin
14、g others to give fair and favorable consideration to our points of view. When we persuade, we want to influence how others believe and behave. We may not always prevail other points of view may be more persuasive, depending on the listener, the situation, and the merit of the case. But when we pract
15、ice the art of persuasion, we try to ensure that our position receives the attention it deserves.Some people, however, object to the very idea of persuasion. They may regard it as an unwelcome interruption into their lives. Just the opposite, we believe that persuasion is unavoidable to live is to p
16、ersuade. Persuasion may be ethical (合乎道义的) or unethical, selfless or selfish, inspiring or degrading. Persuaders may enlighten our mind or prey on our vulnerability. Ethical persuasion, however, calls on sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners. Such persuasion can hel
17、p us apply the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make. Therefore, the most basic part of education is learning to resist the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practice the other.Beyond its personal importance to us, persuasion is necessary to society. The right to persuade an
18、d be persuaded is the bedrock of the American political system, guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution (美国宪法).10. According to the passage, persuasion means _.A. changing others points of viewB. exercising power over other peopleC. getting other people to consider your point of viewD.
19、 getting people to agree with you and do what you want11. The underlined word in the second paragraph “prevail” means_.A. win B. fail C. speak D. listen12. The passage states that some people object to persuasion because they think it is _.A. a danger to society B. difficult to do wellC. unwelcome b
20、ehavior D. never successful13. The passage mainly discusses _.A. how people persuadeB. why people persuadeC. that persuasion is both good and badD. that persuasion is important and it is all around us【答案与解析】10. C 细节题。将第二段中persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and favorable considerati
21、on to our points of view与各选项进行比较可知。11. A 词义题。由破折号后面的句子other points of view may be more persuasive可知，我们不一定占上风，故选A。12. C 细节题。由第三段中第一二句Some peopleinto their lives可知。13. D 主旨题。根据第一段对we live in a world of persuasion的理解，第三段中we believe that persuasion is unavoidable-to live is to persuade 及最后一段中persuasion
22、is necessary to society与各选项进行比较可确定选D。完形填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳答案。People think children should play sports. Sports are fun, and playing with others. However, playing sports can have _1 effects on children. It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behavior in some c
23、hildren. According to research on kids and sports, 40,000,000 kids play sports in the US. Of these, 18,000,000 say they have been _2 at or called names while playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad _3 of sports. They think sports are just too aggressive.Many researchers believe adults,
24、especially parents and coaches, are the main _4 of too much aggression ill childrens sports. They believe children _5 _ aggressive adult behavior. This behavior is then further strengthened through both positive and negative feedback. Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usuall
25、y look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that_6 is everything. Many parents go to childrens sporting events and shout _7 _ at other players or cheer when their child behaves _8_. As well, children arc even taught that hurting other players is
26、 _ 9 or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured _10 , the media makes violence seem exciting. Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television.As a society, we really need to 11 this problem and do something about it. Parents and coach
27、es _12 should act as better examples for children. They also need to teach children better_13 . They should not just cheer when children win or act aggressively. They should teach children to _14 _ , themselves whether they win or not. Besides, children should not be allowed to continue to play when
28、 they are injured. If adults allow children to play when injured, this gives the message that _15 is not as important as winning.( ) 1. A. restrictive B. negative C. active D. instructive( ) 2. A. knocked B. glanced C. smiled D. shouted( ) 3. A. impression B. concept C. taste D. expectation( ) 4. A.
29、 resource B. cause C. course D. consequence( ) 5. A. question B. understand C. copy D. neglect( ) 6. A. winning B. practicing C. fun D. sport( ) 7. A. praises B. orders C. remarks D. insults( ) 8. A. proudly B. ambitiously C. aggressively D. bravely( ) 9. A. acceptable B. impolite C. possible D. acc
30、essible( ) 10. A. By contrast B. In addition C. As a result D. Afterall( ) 11. A. look up to B. face up to C. make up for D. come up with( ) 12. A. in particular B. in all C. in return D. in advance( ) 13. A. techniques B. means C. values D. directions( ) 14. A. respect B. relax C. forgive D. enjoy(
31、 ) 15. A. body B. fame C. health D. spirit【答案与解析】主要内容是：人们一般认为孩子要进行运动，因为运动是有趣的，而且可以使孩子保持身体健康。然而，对孩子来说，进行体育运动也有消极的作用。1. B根据句中的however可知此处是表示了语意的转折，那么就要选择一个表示否定、消极的意义的词，所以选择negative。restrictive是“受约束的，限制的”，active是“积极的”，instructive是“有教育意义的”，都不合题意。2. D此处的shout at和后面的call names构成并列关系，容易选出。3. A根据句意“这会给孩子留下不
32、好的印象”，leave impression是“留下印象”的意思。4. B根据句意知“很多研究人员认为，成年人，尤其是父母和教练，是在孩子的运动出现很多攻击/侵略行为的起因”，导致某事发生的原因用cause,其他三项意思不合句意。5. C根据上下文可知，“他们认为孩子在模仿/复制成年人的行为”，故选择copy。6. A据上下文知道，大人们经常是有意无意地把这样的信息传达给孩子，那就是“在运动中取胜就是一切”，所以，选择winning。7. D在运动中对其他的选手，即对手当然是insults(辱骂/侮辱的言行)。8. C大人们常因为自己的孩子在运动中表现出进攻性、侵略性动作时就为之欢呼、加油。9
33、. A同样，孩子们甚至被教导到伤害对手是可以被接受的，所以选择acceptable, impolite是“不礼貌的”，possible是“可能的”，accessible是“易接近的”，均不合题意。10. B这里是又说到了另外的一个方面，即media的作用，所以，此处要填in addition。11. B此处考查短语意思辨析。face up to是“面对，直面”的意思，符合句意。look up to是“尊重”的意思，make up for是“弥补，补偿”的意思，come up with是“提出，提供，赶上”的意思，都不合句意。12. A此处填in particular表示“尤其”，强调尤其是父母或教练应当给孩子们树立起好的榜样。in all是“总共”，in return是“作为报答，作为回报”,in advance是“提前”的意思，都不合此处意思。13. C根据句意，“父母或教练应该教给孩子更好的价值观”，而不是“技术、手段、方向”。14. Denjoy oneself 是固定搭配，意为“过得愉快”，其他三项意思不符。15. C根据句意“如果大人们告诉孩子受伤了也要继续进行运动，他们就给了孩子这样的信息，即：生命健康不如获胜重要”，所以此处要选择health，而不是body(身体)，fame(名誉)，spirit(精神)。