1、Section Grammar复习状语和状语从句1(教材P44)When you receive a phone call from a friend, how long does it take you to know who it is?2(教材P44)The quality of someones voice and their choice of words make a person instantly (instant) recognisable, even though you cant see him or her.3(教材P44)In this sense everybody
2、s use of languagewhether English, Chinese, or any otheris different.4(教材P44)You could say that there are as many varieties of English, or any other language for that matter, as there are speakers of it.5(教材P44)Although most people believe there is a right and a wrong way to speak English, there is n
3、ot really a standard form that everyone can agree on.6(教材P44)Professors of linguistics, writers and teachers all worry about providing a perfect model to follow but as it is so widely spoken, it has become impossible to say which English is “correct” and which is “incorrect”7(教材P45)A customer came u
4、p to the author holding (hold) a copy of the book and said Emma Chissit.状语修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分， 叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词 (短语)、介词短语、分词 (短语)、不定式和从句等。表示时间、地点、程度、方式、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、伴随等意义。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 (2016北京卷)Fortunately, Natalies family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the citys bridg
5、es closed.幸运的是， 娜塔利的家人在这个城市的桥关闭前不久就逃到了布鲁克林。 (安徽卷)They gave money to the old peoples home either personally or through their companies.他们要么是亲自给敬老院钱要么是通过公司给敬老院钱。 (江西卷)The house was too expensive and too big. Besides, Id grown fond of our little rented house.这个房子太贵、太大了。而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。Having been
6、told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.尽管被告知了多次，他仍然犯同样的错误。Encouraged by the teacher, I decided to learn English well.在老师的鼓励下， 我决定把英语学好。形容词作状语表示伴随或结果， 并不表示动作的方式。Tired and hot, we had to stop to have a rest.又累又热， 我们只好停下来休息。状语从句在复合句中作状语成分的从句称为状语从句。状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、让步、目的、结果、比较状语从句等。1时
7、间状语从句(1)when, while, as引导的时间状语从句when从句的谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生while从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生as从句的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边，一边；随着” (2016江苏卷)While some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.当一些人被成功的渴望所驱动的时候，另一些人却被失败的
8、恐惧而驱动着。 (2016天津卷)As the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。(2)until与till引导的时间状语从句until/till用于肯定句表示“直到为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not.until/till.表示“直到才”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until可用于句首，而till不能。 (2017北京卷)If you dont understand som
9、ething, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out.如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。如果将 “not until.”结构放在句首， 那么主句要部分倒装。(3)before与since的用法before意为 “在之前；还未就；还没来得及就”。常用句式：It will be/was一段时间before.过了时间才； It wont be/wasnt一段时间before.没过多久就。 (天津卷)We need to get to the root o
10、f the problem before we can solve it.在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。 (重庆卷)If you miss this chance, it may be years before you get another one.如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。since意为 “自从以来”。常用句式：It is/has been一段时间since从句 (常用过去时)。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 As is reported, it is over 100 years since Tsi
11、nghua University was founded.正如所报道的，自清华大学建立以来已有一百多年了。since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词， 所表示的是自从句谓语动作算起； 若用延续性动词或状态动词， 所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。(4)表示 “一就” 的引导词引导的时间状语从句as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the instant, the moment, the minute, no sooner.than., hardly/scarcely.when.等引导词用来引导时间状语从句。 (2016上海卷)The
12、moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work, she was filled with joy.我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。no sooner.than., hardly/scarcely.when.中主句应用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时。当no sooner.和hardly/scarcely.位于句首时， 主句要部分倒装。 (大纲全国卷)I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once
13、.我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我回家。(5)名词词组引导的时间状语从句the first time (第一次), the last time (最后一次), by the time (到的时候为止), every/each time (每当/每次), (the) next time (下次)等名词词组用来引导时间状语从句。 (北京卷)By the time you have finished this book，your meal will get cold.等你看完这本书，你的饭就凉了。by the time引导的时间状语从句中可用一般现在时表示将来，此时主句应使用将来完成时；当从句中用一般
14、过去时时，主句应使用过去完成时。2让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词：though/although, even if/even though (即使), no matter how/what/when., however/whatever/whenever., as, while (尽管), whether.or.(不管还是，无论还是)等。 (2016北京卷)Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now.虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。 (湖南卷)Tim is in go
15、od shape physically even though/even if he doesnt get much exercise.蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。 (安徽卷)It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。 (湖南卷)However/No matter how hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.不
16、管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。(1)“no matter疑问词” 和 “疑问词ever” 都可表示 “无论”，并且它们都可以引导让步状语从句，其中whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever还可引导名词性从句。(2)though, although引导让步状语从句时不与but连用，但可与still和yet连用。(3)as引导让步状语从句时，从句必须要倒装，though引导的让步状语从句时，从句可倒装可不倒装。 (陕西卷)Hot as/though the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so
17、 tired after the long journey.夜晚的空气虽然很热，但因为长途旅行之后很累，我们睡得很沉。3其他状语从句状语从句 连词条件状语从句if, unless (if.not), so/as long as (只要), on condition that, in case (万一), suppose/supposing, provided/providing原因状语从句because, as, since, now that, considering that (考虑到，鉴于)目的状语从句so that, in order that, in case (以防)结果状语从句s
18、o that, so.that., such.that.地点状语从句where, wherever方式状语从句as (正如，正像), as if/as though (好像)比较状语从句than, as.as., not as/so.as. (2018江苏卷)Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.除非你睡得好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。 (2017江苏卷) Located where
19、 the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.江苏位于“带”和“路”交汇处，将会对“一带一路”的建设作出更大的贡献。 (浙江卷)Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.正如单个单词可以改变一句话的意思那样，单个句子也能改变一段文字的意思。 (山东卷)He had his ca
20、mera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture.他准备好了照相机，以便他看到好东西就随时拍下来。Since /Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.既然我们完成了课程，就应开始多做些复习。They talked for a long time as if they had been old friends.他们谈了很长时间，好像他们是老朋友似的。as if/as though引导的方式状语从句
21、所表示的情况是事实或具有很大的可能性时，通常用陈述语气；当从句表示的情况与事实相反，常用虚拟语气：表示与现在的情况相反用一般过去时；与过去的情况相反用过去完成时；与将来的情况相反用would/could/might动词原形。4状语从句的省略在时间、地点、方式或让步状语从句中，同时具备下列两个条件： (1)主句和从句的主语一致，或者从句的主语是it； (2)从句谓语动词含be的某种形式，从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。 (2016江苏卷)Firstly, people may feel forced when asked to do things that they dont want to.首
22、先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.如果没必要，你最好不要查词典。 单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)A taste for meat is actually_ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.2(2018北京卷)If we dont stop climate change,
23、many animals and plants in the world will be gone.3(2016北京卷)I really enjoy listening to music because/as it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.4(2016浙江卷6月)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, especially (especial) if you are travelling at high speed.5(20
24、16北京卷)My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, even though hes in his nineties.6(四川卷)There is only one more day to go before your favorite music group play live.7Dont look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages.Oh, yes, where others are weak, he is strong.8(2019河北保定一中高二月考)Whenever there are
25、 festivals or happy events, people of all ages will happily (happy) join the dance. 单句改错1(2018全国卷) Immediate, I raised my hand.Immediate Immediately2(2018全国卷) The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life. wherewhen3(2017全国卷)I was so much nervous th
26、at I could hardly tell which direction was left.去掉much4(浙江卷)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.IfAlthough/Though5We were sorry to find that he came back cold and hungrily after he was lost in the forest for a few days.hungrilyhungry 语法与写作1她是一位好老师， 我们都喜欢她。S
27、he is such a good teacher that/so good a teacher that we all love her.2如果你努力学习，你就会取得好成绩。You will get good grades if/on condition that/as long as you study hard3尽管患了重感冒，但她仍然继续工作。She still carried on working even though/if she had caught a bad cold4他装得似乎什么事也未发生过。He acted as if/though nothing had happened5自从我们在学校认识之后，我们就一直是好朋友。Weve been friends ever since we met at school