1、Section Integrating Skills & Cultural Corner重点单词写作词汇1.blow vt.吹响(乐器，号角等)2.mood n心情；心境拓展词汇3.react vi.反应reaction n反应4.solution n解答；答案solve v解决；解答阅读词汇5.roadwork n(常作复数)道路施工6.horn n. 喇叭；号角7.congestion n拥塞；堆积8.registration n. 执照；登记重点短语1.switch off关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源)2.keep cool 保持冷静3.no way (俚语)肯定不；没门儿4.be
2、happy with对满意5.carry out 执行；履行6.whats more 另外；而且重点句型1.have sth.done使某事被做：Its a good idea to have your destination written(把你的目的地写出来) in Chinese.2.suggest(表明)宾语从句：A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggests it does(表明它起作用了).Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text
3、.1Why did the Mayor of London introduce the “congestion charge”？ATo increase the income of the government.BTo solve the problem of traffic jam.CTo make London the best city.DTo serve the rich.2If people do not pay the charge，they will_Abe unhappyBbe fined for 5 a dayChave no freedom Dbe fined for 80
4、3Whats a “congestion charge” ?AA tax which is not expensive.BA tax for taxes only.CA tax for cars entering the center of the city.DA fine for those who dont obey the traffic rules.4We can infer from the text that_Acities in developed countries suffer less traffic problemsBLondon was planned and buil
5、t before carsCdrivers can pay the charge at any timeDthe congestion charge will be reduced soon答案：14.BDCBcongestionkndestnn.拥塞；堆积charge n费用free of charge免费get/be stuck in陷入occur vi.发生，出现it occurs to sb.(that).某人想到such as例如(表示列举)developed countries发达国家suffer vi.遭受suffer from遭受之苦be famous for因而闻名conge
6、sted adj.拥挤的，堵塞的part of 的一部分in queues排队so.that.如此以至于pay points在此处指“收费点”。registrationredIstreInn.执照；登记a list of 的清单face v面对，面临be faced with面对in the face of面对a fine of 的罚款be not happy with对感到不高兴/不幸福/不满意agree v同意，意见一致agree后可接介词to，with，on或that从句，也可直接跟不定式作宾语。work v发挥作用，有效果survey n调查carry out/do/perform a
7、 survey进行一项调查suggest此处指“暗示，表明”，后接宾语从句时，从句不用虚拟语气。suggest表“建议”，后接宾语从句时，从句谓语用should do，表示虚拟语气，should可以省略。does在此处是替代词，代替上文中出现的work。be reduced by被降低了，被减少了，by表示程度，后接数字、百分数等。be reduced to被减少到time n次数use.to do用做be used to do被用来做be used to doing习惯于做used to do过去常常做whats more此外，另外，相当于in addition。afford v负担得起，买
8、得起afford to do sth.做某事负担得起keep.out of.使不进入increase v增加，提高increase by增加了increase to增加到The London Congestion ChargeBeijing isnt the only city with traffic problems.You can get stuck in a traffic jam anywhere in the world.The worst problems occur in cities which are growing fast，such as Sao Paolo in Br
9、azil and Lagos in Nigeria.But even cities in developed countries such as the US suffer.Los Angeles, which was built with the motor car in mind, and is famous for its sixlane highways，is now the USAs most congested city.which are growing fast是which引导的限制性定语从句，修饰cities。which was built.是which引导的非限制性定语从句
10、，修饰Los Angeles。从句中含有with复合结构：withthe motor car介词短语in mind。in mind表示“考虑在内”。In Europe most capital cities were planned and built before cars, and city centre traffic jams have been part ofdaily life for a long time.The situation in central London，where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queu
11、es， became so bad that the local government decided to do something about it.In February 2003 the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone，introduced a “congestion charge”a tax for cars entering the centre of the citywhere drivers spent fifty percent of.是where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词central London，where在从句中作地点状语。现
12、在分词短语entering the centre of the city作定语，修饰cars。The idea is simple：every car coming into the centre has to pay 5 a day.Drivers can pay the charge at any of 10，000 pay points in the capital before 10 pm.As the cars come into the centre, video cameras record their registrationnumbers，and these are chec
13、ked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that dayPeople who do not pay the charge will face a fine of80.现在分词短语coming into the centre作定语，修饰every car。As the cars come into the centre是时间状语从句。定语从句who have paid the charge for that day修饰drivers。Most Londoners are not happy with the idea.The
14、y agree that London has a traffic problem, but the congestion charge is expensive, and limits their freedom.But does the congestion charge work？ A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggests it does.After only six months, traffic coming into central London was reduced byabout 30 percent，and journ
15、ey times by 15 percent.More people used public transport to get to work, and bicycles were suddenly very popular.Whats more, central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars过去分词短语carried out at the end of 2003作定语，相当于定语从句which/that was carried out at the end of 2003，修饰A su
16、rvey。even though/if “即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。But there are a few people who think the charge should be much higher, for example rich businessmen who work in the city centre and can easily afford it.This would keep even more cars out of central London，and the roads would be nearly empty.However, there are no
17、 plans to increase the charge.who think the charge should be much higher是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a few people。定语从句who work in the city centre修饰rich businessmen。伦敦的交通拥堵费北京不是唯一有交通阻塞问题的城市。在世界任何地方你都可能遭遇堵车。发展快的城市问题最严重，如巴西的圣保罗和尼日利亚的拉各斯。甚至在一些像美国这样的发达国家的城市里也有这样的问题。洛杉矶，一座在建设时就考虑了机动车辆并以其六车道公路闻名的城市，现在却是美国交通最拥挤的城市。大多数欧
18、洲的首都城市在小汽车大量涌现之前就已规划建设好了，因此市中心的堵车长久以来成为人们日常生活的一部分。伦敦市中心的交通状况变得如此糟糕，司机们要用50%的时间来排队，于是当地政府决定就此采取一些措施。2003年2月，伦敦市长肯利文斯通宣布进入市中心的车要交“交通拥堵费”。想法很简单：每辆进入市中心的车一天要交5英镑的费用。司机们可以在晚上10点之前在首都的10 000个收费点中的任何一个上缴该费用。进入市区的小汽车都会被摄像机拍下车牌号码，用以检查当天司机是否缴费。不缴费者将会面临80英镑的罚款。大多数伦敦人对此都不开心。他们认为伦敦存在交通问题，但是“交通拥堵费”太高，而且限制了他们的自由但是
19、“交通拥堵费”发挥作用了吗？2003年年底进行的一项调查结果显示效果很不错。仅仅只是6个月之后，进入伦敦市中心的车减少了约30%，旅程的次数减少了15%。更多的人乘公共交通工具上班，自行车突然间流行起来。此外，虽然车少了，但伦敦市中心的商铺并没有减少营业额。但是，有些人认为收费应该更高，(因为)像那些在市中心工作的富有的商务人士能轻松支付此项费用。这(收费更高)会避免更多的车辆进入伦敦市中心，道路也几乎会是空的。但是，伦敦还没有提高该费用的计划。 switchv. 转换；转变；改变(教材P17)Switch off the motor.关闭发动机。switch offturn off关上(电灯
20、、电视等)；断掉(电源)switch onturn on 打开Wed take the train into the city center, then switch to the tram.我们乘火车到市中心，接着改乘电车。We asked them if they would switch places with us.我们问他们是否愿意和我们调换一下位置。即学即练单句语法填空She reminded me to switch off all the lights.Dont switch the radio on yet.Tom is studying English.各种“开”“关”的表
21、达法：open/close/shut the door/window开/关门/窗switch on/off the radio/TV/light开/关收音机/电视/电灯turn on/off the radio/water/gas开/关收音机/水/煤气 keep cool保持冷静(经典例句)A real warrior can keep cool while fighting a strong enemy.真正的勇士能沉着冷静地应对强大的敌人。keep quiet保持安静keep silent 保持沉默keep still 保持不动keep calm 保持镇静 keep fit/healthy
22、 保持健康Whatever happens，the first important thing is to keep cool. 不管发生什么事，最重要的是保持冷静。Dont get too nervous about the examination; keep cool!不要对考试感到太紧张，冷静点！链接写作完成句子在紧急时刻保持冷静是一个人的优良品质。Keeping cool in an urgent situation is a good quality of a man.即使面临危险，你也应当保持镇静。You should keep calm even in face of dange
23、r.我不知道我是应该同他说话还是保持沉默。I dont know if I should speak to him or keep silent不要动，我给你照张相。Keep stillIll take a picture of you.安静一点！我要看比赛。Keep quiet! Im trying to watch the game. reactvi.反应(教材P17)Dont react when others drive badly.当别人开车开得不好时不要反应出来。(1)react to对作出反应(2)reaction n. 反应；起作用(常与介词to连用) (2016全国卷)But
24、 when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react.当你和朋友分享一个故事时，你要特别关注他们如何反应。I shouted at her, but she didnt react at all.我向她大声喊叫，但她毫无反应。即学即练单句语法填空How did the students react to the monitors suggestion?Do you know what his reaction(react) will be when he hears the news that
25、 his son has won the first place in the competition? solutionn解答，答案(教材P18)Theres a simple solution to these problems.对这些问题有一种简单的解决办法。(1)the solution to.的解决办法/答案(2)solve vt. 解决；解答 (浙江卷)The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any direct solution.学校的顾问帮助你分析问题，但是他们
26、不给你直接的解决办法。Attempts to find a solution have failed.试图找到解决办法的种种努力全都失败了。即学即练单句语法填空After thinking over the matter for some time, he finally told his friends that he had found a solution(solve)We need to keep working and find a solution to the problem as soon as possible.I cant agree more.链接写作完成句子在朋友们的帮
27、助下，他终于解决了问题。With the help of his friends, he finally solved the problem名词与介词to构成的短语：the answer/reply to的答案the entrance to. 的入口the door to. 的门the attitude to. 对的态度the approach to 的途径/方法the key to. 的钥匙/答案the access to. 的通道/机会 moodn心情；心境；情绪(教材P18)Motorists could take a bus into the city centre and arri
28、ve at work or the shops relaxed and in a good mood.驾车者可以轻松地乘公交车进入市中心，心情愉快地工作或购物。(1)in a good/bad mood心情好/坏be/feel in the mood for sth./to do sth. 有做某事的心情in no mood to do sth. 没心情做某事(2)moody adj. 喜怒无常的；忧郁的 His mood suddenly changed and he became calm.他的情绪突然一变，冷静下来。He is a man of moods, so I dont want
29、 to make friends with him.他是一个喜怒无常的人。所以我不想和他交朋友。即学即练单句语法填空Having been punished by his boss，he was in a very bad mood.a. I am not in the mood to tell(tell) jokes now because of the bad news.b. I am in no mood for a joke now because of the bad news.It is difficult to predict his reaction because he is
30、 so moody(mood)have sth. done使某事被做(教材P13)Its a good idea to have your destination written in Chinese.把你的目的地用汉语写出来是个好主意。本句为 “have sth.done” 结构， 此结构中的宾语与宾语补足语之间是动宾关系。(1)have sth.done让 (别人) 做某事； 遭遇/经历某种不幸的事have sb.do sth.(make sb.do sth./get sb.to do sth.) 让某人做某事have sb./sth.doing 让某人一直在做某事/让某事一直发生(2)h
31、ave sth.to do 有事要做(主语自己做)have sth.to be done 有事要做(不是主语自己做)For environment reasons，we might as well have these waste products recycled.为了环保，我们最好把这些废物进行回收利用。The patient is seriously ill.Wed better have him operated on in no time.这个病人病得很厉害。我们最好马上给他做手术。即学即练单句语法填空(2018天津卷)I need a new passport so I will
32、have to have my photograph taken(take)When his mother had him do(do) his homework, he decided to have his light burning(burn) all night to pretend he was working hard.(山东卷)I have a lot of readings to complete(complete) before the end of this term.I am going to see my son next week. Do you have anyth
33、ing to be taken(take) to your son?链接写作句式升级(普通表达)(2017全国卷)You should take the chance to deepen your knowledge of Chinese traditional culture.(高级表达) You should take the chance to have your knowledge of Chinese traditional culture deepened(have宾语宾补) 品句填词1The flight has been delayed because of traffic c
34、ongestion(拥塞) at London airport.2How do you think the actor will react(反应) to the bad news?3Have you found a good solution(解决方法) to the problem?4Shes too tired and in no mood(情绪) to dance with me now.5He blows(吹响) the flute so well that he is liked by all of us. 单句改错1The boss is not on a good mood n
35、ow; youd better not ask for trouble.onin2Successful leaders always react quickly for political events.forto_3It is very important to keep calmly in an emergency.calmlycalm4He had the boy stand in the classroom the whole morning.standstanding5I suggest we went out to have lunch at a new restaurant.we
36、ntgo 课文语篇改错Does the congestion charge works? A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggested it does.After only six months later, traffic came into central London was reduced to about 30 percent.More people used public transport to get to work, and bicycles suddenly very popular.Whats more, centra
37、l London shops did not lose business even though there were less cars.But a few people who think the charge should be more higher, for example rich businessmen who work in the city centre and can easily afford it.This would keep even more cars out of central London, and the road would be nearly empt
38、y.Therefore, there are no plans to increase the charge.答案：Does the congestion charge ？ A survey carried out at the end of 2003 it does.After only six months ，traffic into central London was reduced about 30 percent.More people used public transport to get to work, and bicycles suddenly very popular.
39、Whats more, central London shops did not lose business even though there were cars.But a few people who think the charge should be higher, for example rich businessmen who work in the city centre and can easily afford it.This would keep even more cars out of central London, and the would be nearly e
40、mpty.， there are no plans to increase the charge. 单句语法填空1If there are some urgent situations, press this red button to switch off the electricity.2The soldiers courage was partly because of his ability to keep cool(coolly) in the face of danger.3He is lazy and doesnt work hard, so there is no way th
41、at he can pass the exam.4(湖北卷)He gave himself a new name to hide his identity when he went to carry out the secret task.5Marys pale face suggested that she was(be) ill.And her mother suggested that she (should)have (have) a medical examination.6There is no easy solution(solve) to the problem, so you
42、d better consider it carefully.7(2019北京石景山区检测)Why did you come by taxi?My car broke down last week and I still havent had it repaired(repair)8How did he react to the way to settle the traffic jams?9With two exams to worry about, Im not in the mood to_go(go) to the cinema tonight.10I like getting up
43、early in the morning. You know the morning air is so good to_breathe(breath) 阅读理解There is no question that fewer teenagers are on the roads in the US.In 1978, 50% of 16yearolds had got their first driving licence. In 2008, according to the US Transportation Department, it was just 30%. The number of
44、 those aged 19 and under with driving licences has also been in decline(下降) since 1 978, when 11，989，000 had one. In 2010, it was 9，932，441, or 4.1% of American drivers. In the UK, 683, 273 teenagers have driving licences just 1.85% of total licence holders, according to Department of Transport figu
45、res(数字) from September 2010.But the decline in the US may have more to do with tougher tests and the introduction of the new rule in many states, which force drivers aged under 16 to be accompanied(陪伴) by licensed drivers of 21 years and older when driving.In recent years, the annual number of journ
46、eys being made by American drivers of all ages has declined clearly for the first time ever. Car use began falling in 2007, when average petrol prices almost doubled to $4.12 a gallon, and the economy became worse.But there are signs that it is getting back to normal and America remains a country do
47、minated(支配) by the cars. It has a higher number of cars per head of population than any other country in the world.“Cars will always be a popular means of transportation in America. You have to take into consideration some places dont have access to public transportation. Cars are the only way some
48、people can get around，”says Kristin Nevels. This makes driving necessary in some rural states, where roughly twice as many teenagers are on the road than in big cities.【解题导语】根据美国交通部门的相关资料，美国青少年驾车人数呈下降趋势。其主要原因有两个：一方面驾照考试比以前更难了；另一方面许多州要求16岁以下的青少年必须在21岁或以上的持驾照者陪同下才可以开车。1What would be the best title for
49、 the text?ADriving in the US.BTransportation in the US.CUS Teenagers Drive Less.DPeople Like Cars in the US.C解析：标题归纳题。本文主要讲述美国青少年驾车人数呈下降趋势这件事，前面五段都是讲述这一主题并分析其原因，故C项正确。2Cars are used less than before mainly because of _Atraffic jamsBharder testsCexpensive petrol Dgovernment rulesC解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，2
50、007年美国人使用小汽车数量减少主要是因为汽油价格上涨，故C项正确。3What attitude does Kristin Nevels take towards cars future in the US?ADoubtful. BConfused.CUncertain. DConfident.D解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段Kristin Nevels的讲话可知，他认为汽车在美国永远是一种流行的交通工具，在很多地方是非常必要的。由此判断他对美国汽车未来的发展持乐观态度，故D项正确。4What can be inferred from the text?AThe UK has more tee
51、nager drivers than the US.BA 15yearold boy cannot drive alone in the US.CThe US has very developed bus transportation system.DBig cities have more teenager drivers than rural areas in the US.B解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知，在美国许多州要求16岁以下的青少年必须在21岁或以上的持驾照者陪伴下才可以开车。由此判断B项正确。 完形填空The long line of rush hour traffic wo
52、und its way down the rainslick(湿滑的) street as I glanced nervously at my watch: 5：30! Nothing had gone right all day. This traffic jam seemed the perfect ending to a(n) _1_ day.I sighed loudly，_2_ there was no one to hear. Lately my life seemed _3_ more than a neverending _4_ of regular tasks. Surely
53、 there was more to living than this. I guess I was simply too tired to look for it.And then，looking _5_， I saw him. The lone(孤零零的) flagman was standing _6_ the street, _7_ directing four driving ways of traffic as they _8_ into one. But there was something _9_about this flagman, and as my car _10_，
54、I realized what it was.Standing among dozens of impatient motorists, he was smiling and _11_ at every driver that passed. As I sat waiting my_12_ in my warm car, I began to feel _13_. If this man, who did nothing all day but watch one car after another_14_， could stand in the cold rain hour after bo
55、ring hour and still have a friendly_15_ for every single person who passed, what right did I have to_16_ my life?It was _17_ my turn to pass the flagman.“Thank you，” I mouthed_18_ the window. He smiled and nodded and I drove on, spirits lifted，_19_changed. And in the rear view mirror(后视镜) I could se
56、e him, raising his hand and_20_ to every car that passed.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在一个下雨天，作者因交通堵塞而心烦气躁，开始抱怨生活的一成不变。在等着通过十字路口时，一位在雨中一直面带微笑、耐心指挥交通的交警让作者明白了一个道理生活快乐与否是由自己的心态决定的。1A.dangerousBenjoyableChorrible DinterestingC解析：根据上一句“Nothing had gone right all day.”可知，作者这一天过得都不顺利，故此处应该指糟糕的一天。故选C项，意为“极坏的，糟糕的，令人讨厌的”
57、。A项“危险的”； B项“愉快的”； D项“有趣的”，都不符合句意。2A.though BsoCif DwhenA解析：对比空格前后两分句“I sighed loudly”与“there was no one to hear”可知，前后两分句之间是转折让步关系。本句句意应为： 我重重地叹了口气，尽管没有人会听见。故选A项，意为“尽管，虽然”。3. Aeverything BanythingCnothing DsomethingC解析：根据下一句“Surely there was more to living than this.”可知，本句作者是在强调自己现在的生活不过是简单的重复罢了。故选C
58、项。nothing more than等同于nothing but，是固定短语，意为“只不过，仅仅”，符合句意。4A.cycle Bdiscovery Cexpectation DsacrificeA解析：根据空格前的修饰词“neverending”可知，此处作者强调自己的日常生活无限循环，一成不变。故选A项。B项“发现”；C项“期待”；D项“牺牲”，都不符合句意。5A.right BleftCbackward DforwardD解析：根据最后一段第一句“It was _my turn to pass the flagman.”和该段最后一句中“And in the rear view mir
59、ror(后视镜) I could see him”可知，作者此时应在朝前看，这样才能看见这位交警。故选D项。6A.next to Bin the middle ofCaway from Dahead ofB解析：根据常识及下一段中“Standing among dozens of impatient motorists”可知，这位交警应是站在路中央指挥交通。故选B项，意为“在中间”。7A.wisely Beagerly Cpatiently DcalmlyC解析：根据下一段中“Standing among dozens of impatient motorists，he was smiling
60、”可知，这位交警很有耐心。故选C项，意为“耐心地”。8A.exchanged Bcombined Ccrashed DjumpedB解析：根据句中的“four driving ways”与“into one”可知，本句指从四条车道上来的车流在此汇聚到一条车道上。故选B项，意为“合并，组合”。A项“交换”； C项“撞击，碰撞，坠落”； D项“跳跃，激增”，都不符合句意。9A.common BwrongCoutstanding DunusualD解析：根据下文可知，作者强调这位交警除了有耐心外，还有一些与众不同的地方。故选D项，意为“特别的，不寻常的”。10A.approached Bstarte
61、dCstopped DpassedA解析：根据最后一段第一句“It was _my turn to pass the flagman.”可知，由于堵车，作者是缓缓靠近这位交警。故选A项，意为“靠近”。11. Ashouting BstaringCaiming DwavingD解析：因为这位交警在指挥交通，所以根据常识可知，他向每位通过的车主微笑，并挥手示意前行。故选D项，意为“挥手”，与最后一句中“raising his hand”相照应。12A.order BturnCrequest DfortuneB解析：根据上文内容可知，这里车流汇集，交通拥挤。结合最后一段第一句中“It was _ m
62、y turn”可知，此处作者应是等着轮到自己通过。故选B项，意为“轮流，转动，变换”，wait ones turn为固定短语，意为“等着轮到某人”。13A.annoyed Bdelighted Cashamed DdisappointedC解析：根据本段最后一句中“what right did I have to _my life”可知，与这位在雨中一直微笑着耐心指挥交通的交警相比，作者为自己的抱怨感到羞愧。故选C项，意为“羞愧的”。14A.go by Bgo upCget along Dget throughA解析：根据上一段中“and _at every driver that passe
63、d”及本句中“for every single person who passed”可知，他在指挥这些车顺利通过路口。故选A项，意为“经过，路过”。15A.glance BgestureCmove DtreatB解析：根据上文中“he was smiling and _at every driver that passed”可知，他微笑着指挥这些车通过路口； 由此可知，应选B项，意为“手势”。16A.set aside Bburst intoClook down upon Dcomplain aboutD解析：根据第一段和第二段内容可知，作者抱怨自己那天过得很糟糕，而且最近生活也是一成不变。但
64、与这位交警相比后，作者发现自己其实是没理由抱怨的。故选D项，意为“抱怨”。A项“搁置，拨出”； B项“爆发”； C项“看不起”，都不符合句意。17A.certainly BluckilyCfinally DmerelyC解析：根据上一段第二句“As I sat waiting my _ in my warm car”可知，本句指最后轮到作者通过路口了。故选C项，意为“最后，终于”。18A.through BfromCoff DinA解析：根据空格后“the window”可知，因为作者坐在车里，所以此处应指作者透过车窗跟这位交警说了一声“谢谢”。故选A项，意为“通过，穿过”。19A.anxiety BattitudeCexperience DdoubtB解析：根据空格前“spirits lifted”可知，受这位交警积极的生活态度的影响，作者的情绪好转了，对生活的态度也改变了，不再抱怨了。故选B项，意为“态度”。20A.talking BexplainingCwhispering DgreetingD解析：根据上一段最后一句中“and still have a friendly _for every single person who passed”可知，这位交警面带微笑，在雨中耐心地指挥交通； 由此可知，此处应选D项，意为“迎接，打招呼”。