1、Module 1British and American EnglishSection Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary课前自学导引词，词，词英式英语和美式英语在很多方面都有所不同。首先最明显的是在词汇方面。有数以百计个不同的词在大西洋彼岸的另一个英语国家不被使用，或者以一种不同的意思被使用着。美国人在freeways上驾驶的是automobiles，给车加gas；英国人在motorways上驾驶的是cars，给车加petrol。作为游人，在伦敦你要乘underground，而在纽约则是subway，或者你愿意乘坐taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)游览
2、城市。Chips还是French fries?但是其他词语和表达方式却没有这么广泛地为人所知。美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人却叫它torch。英国人排队用queue up，而美国人说stand in line。有时候，同一个单词在意义上一点细微的差别就让人很困惑。比如chips这个词在英国是热炸的薯条，在美国chips却指非常薄而且装在纸袋里出售的薯片英国人把这种东西称为crisps。英国人知道而且喜欢的薯条在大西洋对岸被称为French fries。Have还是have got?在语法上，英式英语和美式英语也有一些区别。英国人说Have you got . ？然而美国人却愿
3、意说Do you have . ？美国人可能会说My friend just arrived，但是英国人愿意讲My friend has just arrived。介词的用法也有所不同：比较一下on the team, on the weekend (美国用法)和in the team, at the weekend (英国用法)。英国人用介词的地方美国人有时候可能会省略(Ill_see_you_Monday;_Write_me_soon！)。Colour还是color?此外，在两种英语中另外两个领域的区别是拼写和发音。美式英语的拼写看上去更简单一些：center, color和program
4、是美式拼法，centre, colour和programme是英式拼法。自从400年前第一批移民的到来，有很多因素影响了美语发音。在美国东海岸能够听到跟英式英语非常接近的口音。当爱尔兰作家萧伯纳讲那句名言英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个民族的时候，他显然想到了它们的区别。但是这些区别真的如此重要吗？毕竟，两个国家境内的口音差别可能跟两国之间的口音差别一样多。一个伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人讲话可能比理解一个纽约人更难。打开电视很多专家相信这两种语言变体正在越来越接近。一个多世纪以来，大西洋两岸的交流稳步发展。自从20世纪80年代以来，随着卫星电视和因特网的使用，非常便捷地听到英式英语和
5、美式英语已经成为可能。专家们认为，这种不间断的交流使得英国人和美国人相互理解起来更加容易。但是这也致使许多美式英语单词和结构传入英式英语，以至于现在有一些人相信英式英语将要消失。然而，如果你打开美国电视网络节目CNN，你会发现新闻播报员和天气预报员操着不同的口音美国的，英国的，澳大利亚的，甚至西班牙的。其中最熟悉的脸孔之一，慕妮塔让治派出生于中国香港，从小到大说的是汉语、一种印度土语和英语。这种国际性的广泛使用表明，在未来将有很多种英语，不仅仅是两种。但其实大家不用担心！无论在哪里，英语的使用者们都会彼此理解。课堂合作探究破解重点词汇They have much in common.他们有很多
6、共同之处。Dont bother me! We have nothing in common.别烦我！我们没有共同语言。拓展归纳have much/a lot/everything in common 有很多/所有共同之处have not much/little/nothing in common 没有多少/没有共同之处in common with 与一样in common 共有；公有【即景活用】单句写作我们发现彼此有很多共同点，很合得来。We found that we _ a lot _ and got on well.艾米和她的妹妹一样非常喜欢唱歌。_ her sister, Amy l
7、ikes singing very much.尽管我们是朋友，但我和简毫无共同之处。Though we are friends, I _ Jane.答案：had; in commonIn common withhave nothing in common withExperts call on people to use public transport to get around.专家们呼吁人们使用公共交通工具出行。Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news gets around quickly.(谚)好事不出门，坏事传千里。拓
8、展归纳get along with 与相处融洽get down to 开始认真(做某事)get in 进入；收获；到达get off 脱下(衣服等)；下车get on 上车；相处；进展get through 通过；拨通(电话)get over 解决；克服get rid of 去(除)掉；处理【即景活用】单句写作他为一家跨国公司工作，经常到处奔波。He _ quite a lot, working for an international company.我试着给你打了好几次电话，但是没有打通。I tried calling you several times but I couldnt _ .
9、你跟老板合得来吗？Do you _ your boss?答案：gets aroundget throughget along withSome of the questions he asked were very confusing.他问的有些问题很令人困惑。This is a confusing road sign.这是个令人困惑的路标。Its easy to confuse Sue with her sisterthey look so much alike.很容易把苏和她妹妹两人搞混，她们俩长得那么像。They confused me by asking so many confusi
10、ng questions. I was totally confused, standing there in confusion, not knowing what to do.他们提了一大堆令人费解的问题，把我难住了。我稀里糊涂，迷茫地站在那里，全然不知所措。拓展归纳名师点津confusing通常修饰使人困惑的事或物。confused通常说明人处于困惑的状态。【即景活用】单句语法填空There was some _ (confuse) as to whether we had won or lost.His speech was so _ (confuse) that I could ha
11、rdly make any sense of it.You must follow the directions exactly, and if you should become _ (confuse), you must take the time to go back again and read them over.答案：confusionconfusingconfusedThe poet compares his lover to a rose in his poems.诗人在诗歌中把他的情人比作玫瑰花。Compared with a quite ordinary star, lik
12、e the sun, the earth is small indeed.与一个很普通的恒星如太阳相比较，地球的确很小。This view is beyond compare.这景色无与伦比。拓展归纳compare . with/to . 把跟比较compare . to . 把比作compared to/with 与比较compare notes (with sb.) (和某人)交换意见、观点、看法等beyond/without compare 无以伦比comparison n. 比较，对照；比拟She compares me with my sister.她把我和我的姐姐/妹妹进行比较。W
13、e may compare the little girl to a kitten.我们可以把这个小姑娘比作一只小猫。名师点津compared to/with表示“与比较”，引导的短语在句中作状语。【即景活用】单句语法填空_ (compare) the youth _ the rising sun at 8 or 9 oclock am, Mao Zedong expressed his great hope for the young people._ (compare) this with that, and you will see which is better._ (compare)
14、 with our small flat, Bills house seemed like a palace.答案：Comparing; toCompareComparedApples come in a great many varieties.苹果品种繁多。My job lacks variety; Im always doing the same thing.我的工作缺乏变化，我总是在做同样的事情。拓展归纳(1)a variety ofvarieties of 各种各样的(2)various adj. 各种各样的(3)vary v. (使)变化，不同vary from . to . 由到
15、情况不等Teaching methods vary greatly from school to school.各个学校的教学方法大不相同。The students have various hobbies.学生有各种各样的爱好。【即景活用】单句写作流连于形形色色的销售礼品的商店间，同时欣赏着现场的音乐表演和美妙的街头娱乐活动。Wander among _ shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.答案：a variety of/varieties of/variousC
16、hinese differs greatly from English in pronunciation. 汉语的发音与英语大不相同。The brothers differ widely in their tastes. 他们兄弟的爱好大相径庭。Im sorry to differ about this matter.对不起，关于这件事，我的看法不同。拓展归纳differ from 与不一样，不同differ (with sb.) about/on/over sth. 意见相左；持不同看法differ widely/greatly/significantly 相差很大tell the diff
17、erence between 区别的不同be different from 与不同【即景活用】单句写作在这方面法语不同于英语。French _ English in this respect.我们家几个儿子大不相同。Our sons are _ each other.答案：differs fromvery different fromGold is similar in color to brass.金与黄铜的颜色相似。My wife and I have similar tastes in music.我的妻子和我在音乐方面有相似的爱好。拓展归纳be similar in sth. 在方面相
18、似similarly adv. 相似地，类似地【即景活用】单句写作他们两人性格相近。_夫妇俩在各自所选择的事业上都很成功。_答案：The two of them are similar in character.Husband and wife were similarly successful in their chosen careers.Children with low selfcontrol have difficulty (in) managing money in later life.自制力弱的孩子在日后的生活中在金钱管理方面有困难。When your partner has
19、difficulty with eye contact, this communicates lack of interest or it could be shyness.如果你的同伴不愿抬眼跟你对望，那么对方要么对你提不起兴趣，要么就是害羞。There is some difficulty (in) finding the house.找到那所房子有些困难。拓展归纳 做某事有困难have no difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事毫不费劲with difficulty 费劲地get/run into difficulties 遇到困难She got the door
20、 open, but only with some difficulty.她倒是把门打开了，但却花了些力气。The project soon ran into difficulties.这个计划很快就遇到了困难。名师点津difficulty：表示“费劲，困难”时，为不可数名词，与trouble同义。表示“难题，难事”时，为可数名词。【即景活用】单句语法填空You cant imagine what difficulty I had _ (walk) home in the snow storm.When he first came to America, he had great _ (dif
21、ficult) making himself understood.答案：walkingdifficultyA degree in English could lead to a career in journalism.拿到英语专业学位可让你有机会从事新闻工作。拓展归纳(1)lead sb. to do. sth. 使某人做某事lead sb. to/into . 领着某人去/进入lead a . life 过着的生活(2)in the lead 带头，处于领先地位take the lead (in doing sth.) 带头(做某事)His failure led him to chan
22、ge his original plan.他的失败致使他改变了最初的计划。The old couple are leading a happy life now.这对老夫妇现在过着幸福的生活。As a leader, you should take the lead in doing this thing.作为一个领导，你应该带头做这件事情。【即景活用】单句语法填空Look over theretheres a very long, winding path _ (lead) up to the house.答案：leading掌握难句解析1Americans use a flashlight
23、, while for the British, its a torch.(P2)美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人却叫它torch。本句中while作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，然而”。He likes playing basketball, while I like listening to music.他喜欢打篮球，而我喜欢听音乐。She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter.她认为我在说她女儿，但事实上我在说我女儿。拓展归纳whil
24、e作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”。While he was reading the newspaper, he heard someone knocking at the door.当他读报纸的时候，他听到有人敲门。注意：while从句中用延续性动词。while作从属连词，意为“尽管，虽然”，从句一般位于句首。While I admit that the problems are difficult, I dont agree to your way to solve them.虽然我承认问题很难，但是我不同意你的解决方法。【即景活用】单句语法填空_ some people c
25、ome here for a short break, others have decided to stay forever.I read it _ you were drying your hair.答案：Whilewhile2After all, there is probably as_much_variation_of_pronunciation within the two countries as between them.(P2)毕竟，两个国家境内的口音差异可能和两国之间的口音差别一样多。本句使用了原级比较形式： . as adj./adv. as .，意为“和一样”。当as
26、. as中间有名词时，采用以下格式：as形容词a单数名词/asmany/much名词。He always gives away as much money as he has to help the people in trouble.他总是把他所有的钱都给那些陷入困境的人。名师点津此种结构还可用作倍数表达法：倍数asadj./adv. as . 。There are three times as many girls as boys in our class.在我们班女生是男生的三倍。拓展归纳表示倍数的句型还有：倍数asmany/much名词as倍数形容词/副词的比较级than倍数the s
27、ize/height/length/width ofThis street is four times the length of that one.这条街是那条街的四倍长。His room is twice larger than mine.他的房间比我房间大一倍。【即景活用】单句写作This restaurant wasnt _ (一半好) that other restaurant we went to.As new technology is introduced, this company _ (生产的电脑是去年的三倍)答案：half as good asproduces three
28、 times as many computers this year as last year3This nonstop communication, the experts think, has made_it_easier_for_British_people_and_Americans_to_understand_each_other.(P3)专家们认为，这种不间断的交流使英国人和美国人相互理解起来更加容易。made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other是“make宾语宾补”结构的一种特殊形
29、式，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为宾补后的不定式短语。当宾语较长，且宾语后有补语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到补语后面。She made it her duty to look after these children.她把照顾这些孩子作为她的义务。The rain made it more difficult for us to finish the work on time.大雨使我们更难按时完成工作。拓展归纳“make宾语宾语补足语”结构中，如果make后的宾语是不定式或that从句或动名词，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，这时往往把形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上，把真正的宾语放在
30、后面。与make用法相同的常用动词还有：find，feel，think，consider等，其常用结构为：make/find/feel/think/consider .itadj./n.thatclause/(for sb.)to do sth./v.ing。【即景活用】单句写作我让初学者学英语更容易。_他感觉帮助别人是他的职责。_答案：I make it easier for beginners to learn English.He feels it his duty to help others.课堂总结演练单词拼写1He didnt work hard all the term. So
31、 its_(显而易见的) that he cant pass the final examination.答案：obvious2As we all know, Mao Zedong has a strong Hunan_(口音)答案：accent3Which _ (开关) do I press to turn it off?答案：switch4The teacher gave no _ (评论) to Toms composition, and left the classroom without a word.答案：remark5Today, many students were late
32、for a _(各种各样的) of reasons.答案：variety选词填空compare . with, make a difference, get around, have . in common, differ from1Changing schools _ to my life.答案：made a difference2We had to use public transport to _.答案：get around3The police _ the suspects fingerprints _ those found at the crime scene.答案：compare
33、d; with4Our tastes _ each other for we are from various places.答案：differ from5I found I _ a lot _ with these people.答案：had; in common单句语法填空1Can you think of a situation in which the two words _(differ) from each other?答案：differ2Were going to get _the Hutongs of Beijing. Would you like to join us?答案：
34、around3Do you have any difficulty _(understand) the subject?Yes. Its too hard for me.答案：understanding4In my opinion, your plan of the vacation is quite similar _ ours.答案：to5When _ (compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities.答案：compa
35、ring单句写作1我认为这两部电影之间没什么相同之处。I dont think the two films _each other.答案：have anything in common with2他的教学风格和其他大多数老师的风格相似。His teaching style _ that of most other teachers.答案：is similar to3多亏了你的帮助，我才毫不费力地找到了他的家。Thanks to your help, I _his home.答案：had no difficulty (in) finding4我觉得应邀在这儿演讲是我的荣耀。I think _ t
36、o be invited to speak here.答案：it my honor5不管他做什么都没有什么用。Whatever he did, it _.答案：made no difference 演练通关提升 夯实基础知识单词拼写1For _ (明显的) reasons, Id prefer not to give my name.答案：obvious2The _(语言学家) is going to give a lecture tomorrow.答案：linguist3People had to _(排队) up for hours to buy a ticket.答案：queue4The
37、 equipment picked up the signal from the _(卫星)答案：satellite5His attitude to the problem is really _(难懂的)答案：confusing6People d_ from one another in their ability to handle stress.答案：differ7He made a number of rude r_about the food here.答案：remarks8She spoke English with a strong Scottish a_.答案：accent9I
38、f you c_their work, you will find hers much better.答案：compare10Can you analyze the s_of the sentence for me?答案：structure选词填空1Its not surprising that you are sleepy now. _， you went to bed very late last night.答案：After all2. All eggs _each other, but no two eggs are identical.答案：are similar to3The di
39、ctionaries are quite different. That is, they_each other in many aspects.答案：differ from4Careless driving _this accident.答案：led to5_many others, she applied for a training programme.答案：In common with单句语法填空1You will have difficulty _ (understand) people when you stay in a foreign country.答案：understand
40、ing2We are now in great trouble, so your financial aid will certainly make _ difference.答案：a 3When _ (compare) with the size of the whole Earth, the highest mountain doesnt seem high at all.答案：compared4The news that many drinks contain chemical materials causing cancer shocked the public, _(lead) to
41、 great concern about food safety.答案：leading5His _look showed that he couldnt understand the _ problem.(confuse)答案：confused; confusing6He has collected _ (vary) foreign stamps to be displayed next month.答案：various7Although similar _appearance, Toms experience is not similar _ his brothers.答案：in; to8D
42、ont take _ for granted that you can pass the final examination.答案：it9The story he told the police differed _the one he told his mother, which made the police begin to doubt him.答案：from10I do every single bit of housework _ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.答案：while 提升实战能力完形填空A cute wh
43、ite cat peeks out of a hole with only its head visible. A longeared rabbit licks its lips while _1_ up at a carrot. A blue stream _2_ out of a dense forest.These arent _3_ scenes in a natural park. Instead, theyre paintings in tree _4_ on a road in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province. Hundreds of people ar
44、e _5_ the artistic road to take photos of the _6_ paintings, inadvertently _7_ traffic jams.The _8_ of these eyecatching paintings is Wang Yue, 23, a senior majoring in visual communication design at Dalian Polytechnic University. Wang _9_ her tree hole paintings as “a beautiful journey” through whi
45、ch she adds _10_ and vitality to her hometown.“When I _11_ that the trees by the roadside had _12_ all their leaves, the ugly tree holes became obvious，” she said.“I thought if I could paint some _13_ scenes in these holes, they might add some _14_ to the city.”But Wang was _15_ that the pigments (颜
46、料) in her watercolors could hurt the trees. After _16_ environmental specialists and getting permission from city officials, Wang gathered her color palette, brushes and a stool and got to _17_ .“Painting on a tree hole is not as easy as painting on a canvas. I had to take into consideration the _18
47、_ and sizes of the tree holes and adjust my designs accordingly，” she said. “Before I began, I also had to clean off the _19_ from the tree holes first.”With her simple tools, Wang can draw _20_ for a whole day. “My first painting was of rosy clouds, but many passersby couldnt understand it. Perhaps
48、 it was too abstract，” said Wang Yue.After that, she began to paint animals. Using her paintbrush she creatively placed a raccoon, a squirrel and a cat in the holes.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。近日，一组“树洞画”走红网络。23岁的石家庄女孩王月，用画笔让栩栩如生的小猫、松鼠等在树洞“安家”，为城市增加了色彩和生机。1A.looking Btaking Cputting Dturning答案：A一只可爱的小白猫从树洞里探出头向外张望
49、，一只耳朵长长的小兔子正在对一根胡萝卜垂涎三尺。联系后文的up可知，此处表示“抬头向上看那个胡萝卜”。所以选looking。2A.travels Bflows Cwalks Dflies答案：B根据常识可知，小河应该是从森林中流出，空处应填flows “流淌”。3A.real Bfalse Cright Dwrong答案：A根据下一句“而是河北石家庄一条街道的树洞画”可知，这里的情景不是真实的。故选A。4A.tops Bfeet Cbottom Dholes答案：D根据第三段中的“Wang _9_ her tree hole paintings”可知，这些是树洞(holes)画。5A.star
50、ing Bstanding Cvisiting Dwatching答案：C联系后文许多人对这些画进行拍照可知，有很多人前来参观。故选visiting。6A.new Bold Csquare Dlong答案：A联系前文许多人用相机拍照记录，并结合选项分析可知，这里指的是“新派树洞画”。故答案选A项。7A.resulting Blying Ccausing Dleading答案：C联系前文“数以百计的人来到这条文艺小街，用相机记录下这些新树洞画”可知，下文要表达“无意间造成了交通拥堵”。故选C项。8A.guard Bworker Ccreator Dvisitor答案：C根据语境，这里指的是树洞画
51、的创作者(creator)。9A.reads Bdescribes Cworks Dsays答案：B王月将她的树洞画形容成一次“美丽的旅程”。所以，这里用describe “描述，形容”最恰当。10A.fun Bsadness Csense Dhumor答案：A根据句意“通过它们，她为自己的家乡增添了乐趣和活力”可知，应选A项。11A.put Bcaught Csaw Dused答案：C根据下文中的“the ugly tree holes became obvious”可知，此处指的是“看到路边掉了叶子的树木”，故选C。12A.thrown Blost Cfloated Dblown答案：B联
52、系前后文可知，此处表示“路边的树木落光了叶子”，故用lost合适。13A.interesting BpuzzlingCexciting Dfrightening答案：A根据语境并结合第一段的描述可知，此处应填interesting “有趣的，有吸引力的”。14A.color Bdarkness Cwarmth Dcold答案：A根据语境和第三段中的“and vitality to her hometown”可知，此处应填color “色彩”。15A.surprised Bworried Cpleased Ddisappointed答案：B根据后文中的“could hurt the trees”
53、可推知，此处的意思是“担心的”，故选B项。16A.talking BconsultingCdiscussing Dsupplying答案：B联系前文王月担心颜料对环境有害推知，这里是“咨询(consulting)”环境专家。17A.work Bthink Cwrite Dread答案：A在咨询了环境专家并获得城市有关部门的许可后，王月拿起了调色板和画笔，带上小凳子，开始了作画。故用work合适。18A.lengths Bwidths Cdepths Dshapes答案：D联系前文在树洞上作画和在画布上作画不同可知，此处表示“得考虑树洞的形状和大小”。故答案选D项。19A.dust Bearth
54、 Cbranches Dwater答案：A根据语境和常识可知，画画前要先清理树洞里的灰尘。故选dust。20A.carelessly BhonestlyCattentively Dloosely答案：C这里指的是王月可以全神贯注地画上一天。attentively “专心地”，符合语境。阅读理解When the seventeenthcentury settlers brought the English language to America, they immediately and necessarily began to adapt (使适应) it to their new envir
55、onment. These changes were early and criticized by some people on both sides of the Atlantic. However, after the Revolution, Americans began to be proud of their own form of English. Noah Webster was the major early supporter of American meanings and spellings over British ones and published the ear
56、liest American dictionary, An American Dictionary of the English Language. During the years since Webster, language differences have continued to develop, proving (证明) the truth of George Bernard Shaws oftenrepeated words that the two nations are divided by a common language.Like the American langua
57、ge, the earliest American literature (文学) copied English models.However, after the Revolution and the War of 1812, writers began to create a clear American literature. However, in 1820, Sydney Smith asked the famous question “Who reads an American book？”Answering to this and similar taunts (讽刺) with
58、 creative anger, American writers soon produced works that plenty of British people read. Works by Washington Irving, Walt Whitman, and Mark Twain had been acclaimed greatly in Britain by the end of the nineteenth century.Even as American writers got respect in Britain, British writers continued to
59、have great influence in America. Charles Dickens went to America twice, in 1842 and 186768. Other major British writers who traveled and lived in the United States included DH.Lawrence and Aldous Huxley. British best works continued to be widely read. The works of William Shakespeare and Jane Austen
60、 became popular films.At the turn of the twentyfirst century, many books and writers continued to cross the Atlantic in both directionsmade possible by the proud heritage (继承) of the shared language.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。美国人和英国人使用相同的语言。起初英国人看不起美国人写的书，后来美国独立后，一些美国作家写的文学作品深受英国人的欢迎，同时英国一些作家的作品也被美国人广泛阅读。1The au
61、thor of this passage seems to think _.ABritish English is better than American EnglishBAmerican English is better than British EnglishCthe same language has divided the two nationsDthe same language has connected the two nations答案：D推理判断题。由最后一段中的“made possible by the proud heritage (继承) of the shared
62、 language”可知，正是因为语言相同使得英美两国的书籍和作者得以频繁交流。2From the question asked by Sydney Smith, we can infer that _.Athe British had to translate American books into English onesBthe British found American books difficult to understandCthe British thought highly of books written by AmericansDthe British looked do
63、wn upon American books at first答案：D细节理解题。由第三段中的“Answering to this and similar taunts (讽刺) with creative anger .”可知，英国人起初看不起美国人写的书。3The underlined word “acclaimed” in Paragraph 3 probably means “_”Asold Bdiscussed Cwelcomed Drefused答案：C词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“. American writers soon produced works that plenty
64、of British people read”可知，美国作家很快创作出英国人阅读的作品。后面列举了Washington Irving，Walt Whitman和Mark Twain等名人的作品，很显然这些作品是受英国人欢迎的。短文改错Im glad to hear of you. As for living at home and living in your school dormitory, I think youd better to choose the latter. First of all, living in a dormitory will develop your abil
65、ity of living independently and solve problems by yourself. Secondly, if you live there, you will find easier to share feelings with your friends. In all, you are of the same age and have common feelings towards many thing. Most important, living with your friends will improve your team spirit, that
66、 will be beneficial to your future career.I hope you can consider my advice seriously and then make you final decision.答案：难项分析：第四处：solvesolving考查非谓语动词。and连接living与solving，作介词of的宾语，两者为并列关系，故形式需一致。第五处：find后加it考查固定结构。“find itadj.to do sth.”是固定结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。第六处：InAfter考查介词短语。in all “总共”； after all “毕竟”。
