1、Topic 24问题与冲突事情 (Things)matter, affair, _ InsIdnt6, accident, position, case, condition, situation, state, tough, in trouble, aspect, cause, pressure, conflict, barrier, danger, corner, _ knsIkwns2, complex, lead to, bring about, come up, give rise to, to make matters worse, result, circumstance, st
2、atus, arise, betray, concrete, controversial, relevant, urgent, collision, friction, dilemma, issue, crisis, complicated影响 (Effects)effect, influence, impact, affect, make a difference (to), fundamental, _ Isenl18反应 (Rreaction/Response)reflect, argue, rebel, blame, _ tItjud111, react, respond, oblig
3、ation, attack, quarrel, disagree, withdraw, ignore, overlook, refuse, guidance, patience, worry about, give in, take it easy, accuse, tolerate, condemn, scold, swear, _ krItIsaIz13, complain, against, claim解决 (Settlement)approach, handle, tie, settlement, consider, suggest, extent, negotiate, conclu
4、sion, deal with, do with, set about, set out, turn to, agree on, get rid of, break down, in vain, by means of，agree on，analysis, resolve, discussion, answer, _ rIplaI31, communication, overcome, promote, key, means, method, work out, decide on, vote, put yourself in sb. elses/sb.s place, call for, s
5、olution, survey评价 (Assessment)comment, recession, judgment, regard, _ vlju124, as far as . concerned, assessment, remark, _ dIzv24, evaluate incident; consequence; essential; attitude; criticize; reply; value; deservepositionOur hotel was in a superb central position near St. Marks Square.What would
6、 you do in my position?My parents always took the position that early nights meant healthy children.(1)根据句意写出加黑词的最佳释义I was in the embarrassing position of having completely forgotten her name._The time has come to make a decision and take a position on the issue._It was his high scores in the psycho
7、logical tests that finally won him his position as Chinas first astronaut._答案：处境；状况立场；观点；态度位置(2)单句语法填空He needs to reconsider the position _ the key issue.She has put herself _ an awkward position.Anyone who wants to apply for _ position must fill in this form immediately.答案：onina(3)单句写作每一个人都应该努力寻求自己
8、的社会地位。_那样做对处在他那个境地的人来说是困难的。_答案：Everybody should try to find the position of his own in society.That is difficult for a person in his position. (1)n. 位置；地方 the place where sb./sth. is located(2)n. 处境；状况 the situation that sb. is in(3)n.(常与on连用)立场；观点；态度 an opinion on or an attitude towards a particula
9、r subjectstateWe should keep up a good state of mind and in no sense can we give up.By the time California was elected to become the thirtyfirst federal state of the USA in 1850, it had been already a multicultural society.Let me try to state my ideas to you in another way.(1)根据汉语提示填空She let herself
10、 get into a _ (状态) before the examination begins.An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making it the driest year since California became a _ (州) in 1850.The headmasters _ (陈述) about the lack of longterm studies is obviously true.答案：statestatestatement(2)单句语法填空She was probably growing u
11、p and wanted to make a _ (state) on her birthday party with a boldness (大胆) of a smartlooking young girl.But if its overly ambitious, you will put yourself in _ state of anxiety, which makes it hard for the brain to concentrate.Although the company showed no sign of declining, it was generally _ an
12、unhealthy state.答案：statementain(3)单句写作_ (他陈述道) Olympians had brought joy to people across the world.她身体状况不好。_答案：He stated thatShe is in a poor state of health.(1)n.(常用单数)状态；状况；情况 the mental, emotional or physical condition that a person or thing is in(2)n. 州；邦 an organized political community formin
13、g part of a country(3)v. 陈述；说明；声明 to formally write or say sth., especially in a careful and clear wayin_a . state 在状态state your opinion/intention 陈述你的观点/意图statement n. 声明；说法reflectThe windows reflected the bright afternoon sunlight.She could see her face reflected in the cars window.It reflects a t
14、rend that nowadays teenagers care more about their phones instead of friends.I paused to reflect on how I would answer that question.(1)根据句意写出加黑词的最佳释义Human beings should reflect on their position in the universe._The architect wanted the glass surfaces of the building to reflect the sky and the city
15、._When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that reflected my interest._The energy is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere._答案：认真思考；沉思反映；映出(影像)显示，表明，表达(事物的自然属性或人们的态度、情感等)反射(光、热、声等)(2)单句语法填空When I reflected _ my schooldays,
16、 I realized how much easier things are for todays children.She could see her face _ (reflect) in the water.Sunlight _ (reflect) may relieve global warming.答案：onreflectedreflection(3)单句写作人们的生活方式反映在语言上。_这篇文章可以被看作是作者对于一次特殊的生活经历的感悟。_答案：Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.The passage can be see
17、n as the authors reflections upon a particular life experience.(1)vt. 反射(光、热、声等) to throw back light, heat, sound, etc. from a surface(2)vt.(一般用被动态)反映；映出(影像) to show the image of sb./sth. on the surface of sth. such as a mirror, water or glass(3)vt.(通常不用于进行时)显示，表明，表达(事物的自然属性或人们的态度、情感等) to show or be
18、 a sign of the nature of sth. or sb.s attitude or feeling(4)v. 认真思考；沉思 to think carefully and deeply about sth.reflect . (in .) (在中)反映出be reflected in 倒映在；反映在reflect on/upon sth. 认真思考/反省某事reflection n. 反射；反照；反映；映像on reflection 经再三考虑，仔细考虑approach(2019天津6月高考)If a child approaches him, he will pause to
19、 give that child his undivided attention.All the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops.(2018全国卷)Chinas approach to protecting its environment while feeding its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide”(2019北京高考)She also approached dentists to learn mo
20、re about teeth cleaning.(2018全国卷)Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.(1)根据句意写出加黑词的最佳释义A tourist approached us and asked us the way to the post office._We have been approached by a number of companies that are interested in
21、our product._He came up with a new approach to working out the puzzling maths problem._All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police._答案：靠近，接近接洽方法，方式道路(2)单句语法填空The job market has changed and our approach to _ (find) work must change as well.We have made approaches _ them in the hope o
22、f establishing a business relationship.Did Mary approach you _ lending her some money?答案：findingtoabout(3)单句写作首先，期末考试即将来临，所以我忙于备考。_答案：To begin with, the final exam is approaching so I am busy preparing for it.(1)v. (& n) (在距离或时间上)靠近，接近 to come near to sb./sth. in distance or time(2)n. 路径；通路；道路 a pat
23、h, road, etc. that leads to a place(3)n. 待人接物或思考问题的方法，方式 a way of dealing with sb./sth., doing or thinking about something such as a problem or a task(4)v. 接洽；建议；要求 to speak to sb. about sth., especially to ask them for sth. or to offer to do sth.(5)v. 着手处理 to start dealing with a problem, task, etc
24、. in a particular wayconsiderThe temple is still in excellent condition, considering that it was built 600 years ago.It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he wants.(1)根据句意写出加黑词的最佳释义Im considering who to turn to for help._The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the
25、 world. It contains a lot of fruit and green vegetables._答案：仔细考虑认为(2)单句语法填空She wouldnt consider _ (marry) a man for his money, right?Hes generally considered _ (have) the finest singing voice in the country.He considers it a great honour _ (invite) to the party.答案：marryingto haveto be invited(3)单句写作
26、Our teacher advised us to _ (考虑该做什么) after graduation as soon as possible.This award _ (被视为) a good gift to her mother.I _ (认为他不是的最佳人选) for the work.答案：consider what to dois considered (as/to be)do not consider him (as/to be) the best person(1)v. (尤指为作出决定而)仔细考虑，细想 to think about sth. carefully, espe
27、cially in order to make a decision(2)v. 认为；以为；觉得 to think of sb./sth. in a particular wayconsider doing sth. 考虑做某事consider sb._to_do sth. 考虑让某人做某事consider sb. to_have_done 认为某人已经做了consider . as/to_be . 把视为all things considered 纵观全局considerate adj. 考虑周到的considering prep. 考虑到consideration n. 考虑take .
28、into consideration 把考虑在内comment(2019全国卷)If there is truly a concern about a professors professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.(2018北京高考)“People have been approaching him in the street; hes had job offers and all sorts，” Mr Anderson commente
29、d.(1)根据汉语提示填空You are an expert in IT industry. Have you any _ (评论) to make on the latest developments?Free time has been replaced by cyber (网络的) time to the point where my family feels the need to _ (评论) on my presence at the dinner table.答案：commentscomment(2)单句语法填空He didnt comment _ what I said at
30、the meeting.Jean commented _ she thought it was time for us to go home.The spokesman refused to make _ (comment) on/about that problem.答案：onthatcomments(3)单句写作Do you have any comment about the cause of the emergency?_ (无可奉告)!He handed me the document _ (未做任何评论)答案：No commentwithout comment(4)句型转换He r
31、efused to comment on personal affairs of others.He refused to _ personal affairs of others.答案：make comments on/about(1)n. 评论；解释；议论 something that you say or write which gives an opinion on or explains sb./sth.(2)v. 表达意见 to express an opinion about ment on/upon 评论comment that . 评论说no comment 无可奉告with
32、out comment 未作评论make a_comment/comments_on/about 评论deserveHow do you like my suggestion?As far as Im concerned, it deserves considering/to be considered.I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance.(1)根据汉语提示填空It was for a lifetime of unselfish work among th
33、e sick natives that the old doctor _ (应得) to be honoured.I think your suggestion _ (值得) adopting.答案：deserveddeserves(2)单句语法填空You are a good human being and you deserve _ (treat) as such.Its true that she made a mistake but she doesnt deserve _ (lose) her job.答案：to be treated/treatingto lose(3)一句多译(2
34、017北京高考)我认为任何好的建议都值得考虑。I think any good suggestion _.I think any good suggestion _.I think any good suggestion _.答案：deserves considerationdeserves consideringdeserves to be considered(1)vt. 值得 be worthy or deserving(2)vt. 应得；应受 be worthy or deservingdeserve to do sth. 应该做某事；值得做某事deserve doing/to_be_
35、done (某事)值得被做，应该被做deserve consideration/attention 值得考虑/注意“deserve doing”结构是主动形式表示被动含义，它相当于deserve to be done。与deserve用法类似的词还有：need, want, require, demand (需要)。.七选五(2020河南省八市重点高中联盟高三上期“领军考试”试题)When we talk to our friends online, typing can become a little boring. We turn to memes (表情包) to make our co
36、nversations more fun. _1_ At least 10 students who were admitted to Harvard University lost their chance to study there after posting offensive (攻击性的) memes in a private Facebook group, the universitys student newspaper, the Harvard Crimson, reported on June 5. “Rather than just regular jokes, the m
37、emes went to truly dark and ugly place, joking about Orthodox Jews (犹太教徒), the gas chambers (毒气室), Mexican children and suicide，” reported CNN. _2_ But later, some students set up another group where they traded several offensive memes. When Harvard University found out about the group, it took back
38、 the students offers. _3_“I appreciate humor, but there are so many topics that just should not be joked about，” incoming freshman Jessica Zhang told the Harvard Crimson. “I do not know how those offensive images could be defended.” _4_ “It sounds like Harvard is going too deeply into the private li
39、ves of students，” Alan Dershowitz, a retired Harvard Law School professor, told the Guardian. “It may affect them for life.”_5_ Last year, a similar Facebook group for admitted Harvard students drew criticism from the university after some of its members posted racist jokes.AThe incident has caused
40、fierce debates, both in the university and around the world.BA worldclass university should help students open minds and overcome bias (偏见)CHowever, others believe the university overstepped the boundaries.DThe group was originally meant for wouldbe Harvard freshmen to get to know each other before
41、they began university.EJeff Yang, himself a graduate of Harvard, said the university was right to punish the students.FBut sometimes, sending the wrong meme can make trouble.GIn fact, this is not the first time Harvard has dealt with a case like this.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一些学生在某个网络群聊内发送不合适的表情包，结果被哈佛大
42、学拒绝入学的故事。互联网不是法外之地(The Internet is not out of the law)，我们要正确运用互联网获取信息，文明上网！1F根据下文内容，哈佛大学开除了至少10人，因使用不合适的表情包，故可推知F项“表情包可以使我们的交流更有趣，可是有时候也会产生麻烦。”适用此空，并可引起下文。2D根据下文“But later, some students set up another group where they traded several offensive memes.”可知有些学生另建一个群，发一些有攻击性质的表情包，所以可以推断出，校内群刚开始建立时并非如此，故选
43、D。3A 下一段内容是人们讨论学校做法的内容。故A项“这个问题引起了激烈讨论”符合语境。4CC项中的“overstepped the boundaries”与Alan教授的话“deeply into the private lives of students”以及“affect them for life”为同义表达。5G设空后提到“去年哈佛大学也因为一些种族主义的问题批评了一些学生，”说明这不是哈佛大学第一次处理类似的事情。故选G。suicide n. 自杀offensive adj. 冒犯的；得罪人的；无礼的criticism n. 批评；批判；责备；指责be admitted to 被录
44、取(第一段第一句)When we talk to our friends online, typing can become a little boring.当我们在网上和朋友聊天时，打字会显得有些枯燥。.完形填空(2019天津3月高考)In the summer before I entered middle school, I read the book They Cage the Animals at Night. Its a story about Jennings, a boy living in various orphanages (孤儿院) with only his stuf
45、fed animal (毛绒玩具), Doggie, for companionship. Its a fascinating book, but little did I know how it would _1_ my life and the lives of others.One day, as I looked across my room at the pile of stuffed animals, a(n) idea came to me. I would _2_ stuffed animals for children like Jennings. _3_， I contac
46、ted agencies that support those children and they said the stuffed animals would certainly _4_ childrens spirits.I named my project “Cuddle Buddies”. I wrote articles for the local and school newspapers, _5_ donations of the “buddies”stuffed animals. My phone _6_ ringing; schools, families, and toy
47、factories all wanted to help. Much to my delight, by the second week my living room looked like a zoo. Whenever Mom and I _7_ the “buddies”to the agencies, the kids would be waiting there with their eyes down, too _8_ to look but shaking with excitement.Six years after its launch, Cuddle Buddies con
48、tinues to _9_. Now over 25,000 stuffed animals have been donated to agencies worldwide.Simon, a sevenyearold boy in an African Childrens Home, couldnt sleep at night after he lost his parents. When asked to choose his “buddies”， Simon _10_ a panda and soon after was sleeping through the night. I nev
49、er dreamed Cuddle Buddies would work this way.Upon graduation from high school, I designed a website, , to _11_ the project. The response was _12_. More and more people joined me and two dozen Cuddle Buddies _13_ were established across the nation.This has been a great experience. Ive learned how to
50、 follow through on an idea and how to positively impact a life. I will go to college with these _14_ in mind and continue my work with Cuddle Buddies, even when I _15_ a whole new set of exciting academic and nonacademic pursuits.篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲的是作者建立一个项目为孤儿收集毛绒玩具的经历，并了解到了如何坚持一个想法和如何积极地影响生活。1Ato
51、uch BriskClead Dsave答案：Atouch “接触，触动”；risk “冒险”；lead “领导，指引”；save “救，节省”。根据最后一段第二句中的“ . impact a life”可知此处表示“它将如何触动我的生活和别人的生活”，故选A。2Adisplay BrepairCpurchase Dcollect答案：D句意：我要为像Jennings一样的孩子收集毛绒玩具。display “陈列”；repair “修理”；purchase “购买”；collect “收集”。根据下文内容可知，作者为像Jennings一样的儿童收集毛绒玩具，故选D。3APreviously B
52、OccasionallyCImmediately DGradually答案：C句意：我立即与为那些孩子提供帮助的机构联系，他们说毛绒玩具一定会让孩子们精神振奋。previously “以前”；occasionally “偶尔”；immediately “立即”；gradually “逐渐地”。根据句意可知应选C。4Acapture BreflectClift Drecord答案：C根据第三段最后一句话中的“shaking with excitement”可知孩子们得到玩具很兴奋，与lift一致，故选C。capture “捕获”；reflect “反映”；lift “提升，提高”；record
53、“录制”。lift ones spirits “使某人精神振奋”。5Aputting aside Bturning downCasking for Dgetting back答案：C句意：我给当地和学校的报纸写文章，寻求捐赠“伙伴”毛绒玩具。put aside “把放到一边”；turn down “调低，拒绝”；ask for “要求，请求”；get back “取回”。根据句意可知应选C。6Adelayed BkeptCstopped Dmeant答案：B句意：我的电话铃声一直在响，学校、家庭、玩具工厂都想帮忙。delay “耽搁，延误”；keep “保持”；stop “停止”；mean “
54、意味着，打算”。根据“all wanted to help”可知电话一直在响，故选B。7Adelivered BappliedCrented Dreturned答案：A句意：每当妈妈和我把那些“伙伴”送到那些机构时，孩子们总是在那里等着，眼睛低垂，太害羞不敢看却因兴奋而颤抖。deliver “递送”；apply “申请”；rent “租”；return “归还，返回”。根据上文可知作者为孩子们收集了玩具，应该往那些机构给孩子们送去，故选A。8Ashy BcontentCweak Deager答案：Ashy “害羞的”；content “满意的”；weak “弱的，虚弱的”；eager “热切的
55、，渴望的”。根据句意可知应选A。9Areform BexpandCdominate Ddivide答案：Breform “改革”；expand “扩大，扩展”；dominate “支配”；divide “划分”。根据下文“Now over 25,000 stuffed animals have been to agencies worldwide.”可知Cuddle Buddies项目继续扩大，捐赠的毛绒玩具增多了，故选B。10Apicked out Bcame acrossCshowed off Dbrought up答案：Apick out “挑出”；come across “偶然遇见”；
56、show off “炫耀”；bring up “提出，抚养”。根据When asked to choose his “buddies”可知，Simon被要求选择时挑选了一个熊猫玩具，故选A。11Apromote BstartCevaluate Dexamine答案：Apromote “促进”；start “开始”；evaluate “评估”；examine “考试，检查”。根据下文“More and more people joined me and two dozen Cuddle Buddies _13_ were established across the nation.”可知，此处指
57、的是作者设计了一个网站来促进这个项目，故选A。12Aconfusing BamusingCautomatic Denthusiastic答案：Dconfusing “令人迷惑的”；amusing “令人愉快的”；automatic “自动的”；enthusiastic “热情的”。根据下文可知人们都很热情，越来越多的人加入进来，故选D。13Acompanies BcommitteesCbranches Dinstitutes答案：C句意：越来越多的人加入我的行列，全国建立了24个Cuddle Buddies分部。company “公司”；committee “委员会”；branch “树枝，分
58、支”；institute “机构”。根据句意可知应选C。14Aplans BimagesClessons Dmotives答案：Cplan “计划”；image “形象，图像”；lesson “课，启示”；motive “动机”。根据上文中的“Ive learned how to .”可知，此处指“我”学到的这些，故用lessons，可知应选C。15Awork out Bkeep offCrely on Dengage in答案：Dwork out “计算出，解决”；keep off “远离，避开”；rely on “依靠，依赖”；engage in “忙于”。此处意为“忙于大学里的学术上以及
59、非学术上的事务。”应选D。.语法填空(2019郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测)Chinese researchers have _1_ (successful) grown and harvested rice in the deserts of Dubai after developing a strain (品种) which _2_ (allow) the crop to grow in salt water.A team of scientists, _3_ (lead) by Chinas “Father of Hybrid Rice”， Yuan Longping, have a
60、lready started growing the crop in dilute (稀释的) seawater at home and are now bringing the technique to the Middle East.The big harvest of rice last year in the suburbs of Dubai far exceeded scientists expectations, according to a report by Xinhua News Agency. The high output7,500 kilograms per hecta
61、re compared with the _4_ (globe) average of 3,000 kilograms per hectarehas encouraged scientists to expand the project. They _5_ (plan) to set up a 100hectare experimental farm in Dubai later last year. They will put it into regular use this year and then start expanding after 2020.The Dubai project
62、 is cooperation between Chinas Sea Rice Research and Development Center with the Private Office of Sheikh Saeed Bin Ahmed Al Maktoum. The two parties have signed an _6_ (agree) to promote seawater rice across the area to reduce the risk of food shortages in the future.While scientists in some countr
63、ies _7_ water shortages are a serious concern have been developing desalination (脱盐) techniques to change seawater for use in agriculture, China has been working _8_ (develop) strains of salttolerant rice for the past four decades.Although _9_ is not yet clear how the Dubai project will be able to s
64、ecure enough fresh water to dilute seawater _10_ largescale rice planting, Chinese scientists have already started growing it closer to home on a commercial scale.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。中国的研究人员在迪拜已成功种植并收获了一种用海水种植的水稻。1successfully 考查词性转换。修饰动词grown and harvested用副词，故此处应用副词successful
65、ly。2allows 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处叙述一般的情况，故应用一般现在时；空前的which引导的是定语从句，且which在从句中作主语，指代先行词a strain，为第三人称单数，故填allows。3led 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词lead和其逻辑主语A team of scientists之间为动宾关系，故此处应用过去分词短语作后置定语。4global 考查词性转换。根据空前的the和空后的average可知，此处应用形容词global来作名词average的定语。5planned 考查动词的时态。根据本句中的later last year可知，此处应
66、用一般过去时，表示发生在过去的动作。6agreement 考查词性转换。根据语境以及空前的an可知，此处应用agree的名词形式agreement。7where 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词countries，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以此处应用where来引导该从句。8to develop 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，过去四十年，中国一直致力于开发抗盐的水稻，此处表示目的，要用动词不定式，故填to develop。9it 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用it作形式主语，how引导的从句作真正的主语。10for 考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示
67、稀释海水是为了大规模种植水稻，故用介词for表示“为了”。【重点语法】.写作新题型概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。At present, traffic jam has become a major problem which most city dwellers, especially those who live in big cities have to confront (面临) in their everyday lives. Why is traffic jam a problem? At first, owing to the fact that th
68、e vehicles keep giving off harmful gases during traffic jams, air pollution and furthermore, global warming will deteriorate (变坏). In addition, traffic jams will affect the effectiveness of work, because the people have to spend much more time on the way to office than necessary, and their work will
69、 be distracted or delayed. Apart from this，traffic jam might give rise to more traffic accidents and therefore becomes a menace (威胁) to people lives.So harmful traffic jam is, the number of private cars still goes up apace. Why? Personally I think, the first reason may be the remoteness of peoples w
70、orkplace. As a result, people have to choose a tool other than walk to go to work. Being flexible and relatively convenient, private car becomes a very attractive choice. Moreover, owning a private car, especially in some developing countries, is itself a symbol of wealth and high social position. I
71、n some developed countries such as USA it is also the symbol of independence and maturity (成熟). Anyway, owning and driving private cars are regarded by many people as basic human rights.Undoubtedly, traffic jam must be, and can be alleviated (减轻) by correct means. In my view, spending more money on
72、public transportation systems may be a feasible (可行的) means. Needless to say, policies which encourage people to put these systems to full use, for example, giving certain subsidies (补贴), are necessary. In the meantime, measures to restrict the use of private cars, such as levying higher taxes on ca
73、rs or petrol, its fuel, or exerting more restrictions on the distribution of certificate, should be taken. 写前导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了交通拥堵的影响、成因以及解决方法。精彩范文Traffic jam, a major current unavoidable problem for citizens, leads to emission of waste gases, reduces the work efficiency and even threatens peoples lives. (要点1) Actually, it is the booming private cars due to their convenience and symbolic meaning that results in the traffic jams. (要点2) In order to settle the problem, it is vital to invest more on public transportation and limit the use of private cars. (要点3)