1、定价：9.15元批准文号：渝发改价格 20211573号 举报电话：12315物 流 码普通高中教科书英 语（选择性必修第三册）主编 杨晓钰责任编辑：杨 琪 版式设计：杨 琪责任校对：邹 忌 责任印制：赵 晟*重庆大学出版社出版发行出版人：饶帮华社址：重庆市沙坪坝区大学城西路21号邮编：401331 电话：（023）88617190 88617185（中小学）传真：（023）88617186 88617166 网址：http:/ 邮箱：（营销中心）全国新华书店经销重庆俊蒲印务有限公司印刷*开本：890mm1240mm 1/16 印张：8.25 字数：356千2021年12月第1版 2021年1
2、2月第1次印刷ISBN 978-7-5689-2508-2 定价：9.15元本书如有印刷、装订等质量问题，本社负责调换版权所有，请勿擅自翻印和用本书制作各类出版物及配套用书，违者必究副主编 黄学军 张 翼参 编 黄 菊 郑加明 张云建3To the studentTo the student亲爱的同学，欢迎你随本书一起继续高中阶段的英语学习。我们希望充满求知欲的你，能喜欢书中所提供的学习材料，喜欢各种鼓励探究和发展思维、注重学习能力和学习习惯培养的教学设计。高中英语学习是初中英语学习的延伸，同时也是新的英语学习生活的开始。在这一阶段，提高基本语言运用能力极其重要，但提高用英语获取信息、处理信息
3、、分析和解决问题的能力，用英语进行思考和表达的能力，以及跨文化交际的意识和基本的跨文化交际能力也必不可少；而掌握有效的英语学习策略，提高自主学习能力，会帮助你更有效地学习，形成具有个性的学习方法和风格，为将来进一步学习英语和终身发展打下良好基础。关于本教材的使用，我们有以下建议：1.请仔细阅读每个主题前的 Guiding Page，它会帮助你熟悉该部分的主要学习内容，激发你思考与之相关的问题，为本主题的学习做好必要的准备。2.只有充分了解了学习目标，你才能在学习中处于主动地位，发挥主体作用，才能使自己的“学”与教师的“教”形成协调发展的合力，从而取得最佳的学习效果。因此，各单元的学习从研读 L
4、ooking Ahead 开始，并在每个单元学习后根据 Self-assessing 帮助自己反思学习效果，调整自己的学习目标、学习方式和学习进程。3.Activating and Predicting 旨在最大限度地激活你与所学内容相关的背景知识，激发你学习的兴趣和动机，为进入下一步学习做好准备。在本板块的学习中一定要勤于思考，积极参与，勇于表达。4.“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆”，没有思考、缺乏创造性的学习收获甚少。建议你在进行 Reading，Thinking and Analysing 部分课文的学习时，不要忽略了 Margin Notes 和 TIP，一定要边学边思，学思结合，掌握策
5、略，举一反三，这样你才能真正提高阅读能力，逐渐成长为高效的英语阅读者。5.Exploring and Using 将为你轻松化解阅读课文中的语言知识，引导你通过观察和分析，了解语法形式，理解语法意义，发现语法规则。这将帮助你12在真实语境中运用所学语言知识来理解和表达意义，加强准确、得体地使用语言的意识，深化对语言的理解。6.在进行了大量的听说和阅读后，你一定记住了许多优美的词句、漂亮的段落，一定发现了英语文章与汉语文章在风格和组织结构上的异同，也一定跃跃欲试地想用英语表达自己的所感所想。这的确是一件值得高兴的事！那么，请一定经常读一读、听一听、说一说、记一记一些好的句子和美文，并认真完成每课
6、的写作任务，这样，你的英语写作就会不断进步，逐步达到“行文如流水，落笔如有神”的境界。7.在必修教材的 Recycling Time 和 Word Builder 板块，你已经学习了归纳所学内容、在语境下猜测词义等策略，在4-7册的选择性必修教材学习阶段，请主动应用和积极调试所学策略，不断提高自主学习能力。Learning Individually 部分鼓励你主动做好阅读课的预习，在 Question Corner 中提出自学中存在的疑惑，在 Learning Cooperatively 部分，与同学和老师一起互动、探究、应用，并且在 Learning Reflectively 板块应用1-3
7、册的多维评价方式，提高反思的意识和能力。8.附录中的 Word Learning Booster 会引导你在学习新词汇的同时，注重对已学词汇的定期复习，逐步养成良好的词汇学习习惯，记忆词汇也将不再是一件难事。“学而时习之，不亦说乎？”古人告诉我们，学习要采取积极的态度，既要时时、处处、事事地“学”，又要时时、处处、事事地“习”；于“学”中积累、丰富、提高，于“习”中求巩固、受启发、得效益；争取日有所新，日有所获。这样你的内心就能充满掌握英语学习真谛的愉悦。我们衷心希望通过本教材的学习，能进一步激发你学习英语的热情和用英语交流的欲望，最终能用英语了解、学习他国优秀文化，同时向世界介绍祖国灿烂的文
8、化。作为学习者，获取知识是一种乐趣，不断克服困难、不断创新也是一种乐趣。记住永远对自己说：“I can do it!”。愿你快乐地度过英语学习的每一阶段，享受克服困难的快乐，享受创新的快乐，享受成功的快乐！ThemeUnit/Title Reading Actively Reading FurtherExploring&UsingListening,Understanding&CommunicatingReading/Viewing,Speaking&WritingLearning StrategiesALife andLiterature1.Choice and Decision The R
9、oad Not Taken The Road Not Taken in LifeLanguage Feature The rhyme scheme of a poem The rhythm in a poemGrammar Link The-ed form as the predicativeListeningA passage about careerconcernSpeakingTalking about career choicesWriting a poem1)Inferring symbolic meanings from reading 2)Analysing and workin
10、g out the typical language features of a poem 3)Organising information by using charts and graphs4)Using rhetorical devices to make the writing vivid2.Dilemma and Solution After Twenty Years Why Do We Learn English Literature?Language Feature Revision of affixes Vivid description with adverbs Gramma
11、r Link The-ing form as the predicativeListeningA passage about O.Henrys writing styleSpeakingTalking about writing stylesWriting a short story1)Comprehending beyond the lines by making a comparison2)Working out the ways to describe actions vividly3)Taking down key information while listening4)Constr
12、ucting a story based on a mind mapChallengingYourself AEternal Love A Roomful of Roses Shall I Compare Thee to a Summers DayPredicting based on personal experienceCONTENTSP29P15P1P21ThemeUnit/Title Reading Actively Reading FurtherExploring&UsingListening,Understanding&CommunicatingReading/Viewing,Sp
13、eaking&WritingLearning StrategiesBMan and Civilisation3.Discovery and Innovation Eureka A Person Who Never Stops DreamingLanguage Feature Lexical chunks related to the theme The features and usage of exclamation marksGrammar Link The-ing form as the objectListeningA monologue about Florence Nighting
14、aleSpeakingExpressing admirationWriting an anecdote1)Using a flow chart to help recall the development of a story2)Learning about the origin of a word with the help of a dictionary3)Using what you have just learned to explain the common phenomena in life 4)Discovering language rules by analysing typ
15、ical examples4.Invention and Civilisation Invention of Paper Development of CivilisationLanguage Feature Ways of explaining terms and new words The technique of paraphrasing Grammar Link The past continuous passive voiceListeningA dialogue about great inventionsSpeakingExpressing excitement and prid
16、eWriting a lab report1)Adopting various reading skills appropriately2)Converting the information in a table into written language3)Making comparisons to better understand grammar rules4)Predicting based on key expressions before listeningChallengingYourself BRemarkableContribution The Banaue Rice Te
17、rraces Mosquitoes and the Nobel PrizeClassifying details by using a mind mapP38P51P642P37ThemeUnit/Title Reading Actively Reading FurtherExploring&UsingListening,Understanding&CommunicatingReading/Viewing,Speaking&WritingLearning StrategiesCScience and Technology5.VR and Our Life Have You Ever Wante
18、d to.?Language Learning in Virtual RealityLanguage Feature The variety of diction A way of developing a paragraphGrammar Link The past perfect passive voiceListeningA dialogue about a new VR deviceSpeakingElaborating on the detailsWriting anargumentative essay1)Expressing the same message in differe
19、nt words by paraphrasing2)Summing up grammar rules by making comparisons and contrasts3)Reading beyond the lines through discussion4)Using illustration effectively in writing 6.AI and Our Future The First Robot to Receive Citizenship What Is Artificial Intelligence?Language Feature Techniques of add
20、ing necessary informationGrammar Link The future continuous tenseListeningA dialogue about AISpeakingExpressing worries and reassurancesWriting a survey report1)Clarifying ideas by adding necessary information2)Understanding better by building up a connection between the information in the text and
21、your personal experience3)Solving problems through deduction and induction4)Collecting and integrating information from various sourcesChallengingYourself CHigh-tech Innovations Beijing 8-minute Show Wowed the World A Letter about MarsPredicting based on pictures Notes Word Learning Booster Glossary
22、 Personal Dictionary P72P85P98P105P112P122P1233P71Theme ALife and Literature Literature is a beautiful way of keeping our imagination alive,and it guides us into the world we would never have a chance to visit in our daily lives.Literature is also one of the most significant expressions of humanity,
23、which helps us understand peoples true lives,experiences and thoughts.While reading classic poems,stories and dramas,we can imagine and soak ourselves in thought.Does literature relate to our daily lives?What does reading works of literature mean to you?Unit 1 appreciate a famous poem The Road Not T
24、aken;read a draft of a speech on making a choice;talk about your career choices.Unit 1Unit 1 enjoy an interesting story by O.Henry;realise the values of learning English literature;talk about O.Henrys writing style.Unit 2Unit 2 learn about the relationship between a daughter and her mother in a dram
25、a.ChallengingYourself AIn this theme,you will:Theme A Life and LiteratureLooking AheadBy the end of this unit,you will be able to:appreciate a poem and share your understanding;identify the rhyme scheme and the rhythm of a poem;describe a picture by appropriately using the-ed form as the predicative
26、;talk about your career choices based on your survey;write a poem based on the given proverbs;evaluate a speech on“The Road Not Taken in Life”.Unit 1Choice and DecisionPoems are images in your mind.They let you go beyondthe surface and discover your deepest feelings.AnonymousReading Actively Activat
27、ing and Predicting Look at the picture and guess the meanings of the given words.If necessary,use a dictionary.Then share your understanding with a partner.Based on the picture in Activity 1,work in pairs to discuss which one of the two roads you will take and why.Then read to check.I would like to
28、take because.undergrowthdivergegrassybend2Unit 1 Choice and Decision3 Reading,Thinking and AnalysingThe Road Not Taken is a poem by Robert Frost,one of the most famous American poets.He was born in 1874 in San Francisco,but lived much of his life in New England.Many of his poems have New England set
29、tings.In 1961,he was invited to read his poem at the inauguration ceremony of President John F.Kennedy.In this poem,the speaker is travelling in a wood when he comes to a fork in the road and,even though he would like to travel both,he has to inauguration (n.)就职典礼The Road Not Taken Two roads diverge
30、d in a yellow wood,And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler,long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth.Then took the other,as just as fair,And having perhaps the better claim,Because it was grassy and wanted wear;Though as for that the passing
31、 there Had worn them really about the same.And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black.Oh,I kept the fi rst for another day!Yet knowing how way leads on to way,I doubted if I should ever come back.I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads d
32、iverged in a wood,and I I took the one less travelled by,And that has made all the difference.fall/autumnlost in thoughtuncertaintygoodthe choicehad not been walked on muchWhy is it repeated?Why does this line end with a dash?What do you think the difference is?to put ones foot onWhy is“!”used here?
33、Theme A Life and Literature4make a choice in order to continue his journey.Of the two roads,one is well-trodden and safe,while the other is grassy and less travelled by.After much hesitation,he decides to pick the road less trodden.One of the attractions of the poem is its artistic way of depicting
34、the difficulty in making choices,one that we instantly recognise because each of us encounters it innumerable times,both literally and fi guratively.Paths in the woods and forks in the roads are ancient and deep-seated metaphors for the lifeline,its crises and decisions.The poem clearly demonstrates
35、 Frosts belief that it is the road that one chooses that makes him the man who he is.Mans life is metaphorically related to a journey fi lled with twists and turns.One has to consider a lot before making a wise choice.Though the diverged roads seem identical,they actually lead to different direction
36、s,which symbolise different fates.At the same time,the speaker“sighs”with great sorrow,thinking about what he may have missed on the other path and he doesnt have opportunities to experience another kind of life.The Road Not Taken is full of philosophical overtones.It has been one of the most analys
37、ed,quoted,anthologised poems in the English language.The symbolism of the woods,the roads,the speaker and the choice has inspired an extremely large number of interpretations.Stanza 1:Describing the situation diverged in a woodStanza 2:Making a taking the other ,whichwas and wanted wearStanza 3:Expr
38、essing the regretchoosing the road another day Stanza 4:Refl ecting on the truth:the choice Guess the meaning of deep-seated from the context.Identical(adj.)means .A.differentB.sameAnthology refers to a collection of writings of different writers.Anthologise means .Comprehending,Integrating and Crea
39、ting Read the poem and complete the following diagram about the structure of the poem.Read the poem closely and work in pairs to discuss the following questions.1)Why would the narrator like to take both roads?2)Why does the narrator admit the two roads are really much the same?Unit 1 Choice and Dec
40、ision5or3)Does the narrator sigh out of satisfaction or regret?Why?4)Why does the author repeat“Two roads diverged in a wood”in the poem?5)Has the choice of the less travelled road been the better or the worse?Work in groups to describe the two roads the poet mentions and discuss why the poem is not
41、 entitled“The Road Taken”.Look at the choices below and identify“the easy way out”.Then work in groups to share your understanding of“choosing the easy way to do something”.do your homework on your own copy a friends homework review the text several times review the text just once volunteer to answe
42、r questions say you are too nervous to answer questions try to take notes even though it is hard sleep in class because the lesson is too hard follow the road to cross a park take a shortcut and walk on the lawn Do one of the two activities below in groups.1)Have you ever encountered a situation in
43、your life where you have to make a choice?Share your experience with your group members.2)Discuss how you understand“Life is a series of choices and we cannot always foresee the consequences”.Then write a journal entry based on your discussion.Exploring and Using Language Feature Listen and read the
44、 fi rst stanza of the poem,paying special attention to the sound of the last word in every line.Then choose the rhyme scheme.Two Paths:Your choice:The outcomes:The lessons you have learned:Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler,long I stood And look
45、ed down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth.The end rhyme The rhyme scheme is:A.ABAABB.ABABBC.ABBABTheme A Life and Literature6Now fi nd out the rhyme scheme of the other stanzas in the poem.Stanza 2:Stanza 3:Stanza 4:Listen and read the fi rst stanza of the poem again,paying s
46、pecial attention to the pauses and stressed syllables in every line.Mark the sentences by following the example given in the fi rst line.Mark the other three stanzas and then take turns to read in groups of three.Grammar LinkThe-ed Form as the PredicativeUnderstanding the meaning Read the following
47、passage and pay special attention to the coloured parts.Try to fi nd out the functions of the-ed form.The poem,The Road Not Taken,has been one of the most analysed and quoted poems in the English language.In this poem,the speaker is travelling in a wood when he comes to a fork in the road.Lost in fr
48、ont of the diverged roads,he has to make a choice in order to continue his journey.Of the two roads,one is well-trodden and safe,while the other is grassy and less travelled by.After much hesitation,he decides to pick the road less trodden.After reading the poem,we know that the paths in the woods a
49、nd forks in the roads are actually ancient and deep-seated metaphors.In our lifetime,we may feel puzzled when we come across such diverged roads,which lead to different directions and symbolise different fates.At such moments we have to be self-possessed and make the correct choice.Discovering the r
50、ule Study the following examples to fi nd out how the-ed form is used.Then share your ideas with your partner.Rhyme refers to the use of words in a poem or song that have the same sound,especially at the end of lines.TIPTwo roads|diverged|in a yellow wood,And sorry I could not travel both And be one
51、 traveler,long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth.In a poem,the rhythm is the fl ow and beat of the words.It helps to express our mood and feeling while we are reading.TIPUnit 1 Choice and Decision7Exampleadverbial attributive1)Lost in front of the dive
52、rged roads,he has to make a choice in order to continue his journey.the predicative the predicative 2)Of the two roads,one is well-trodden and safe,while the other is grassy and less travelled by.linking verb linking verb Work in groups to complete the table below.Example sentenceMeaningForm1)The su
53、n is set.2)My work is fi nished.a fi nished actionLinking verb+Linking verbs used in this form:1)be2)sound,feel,3)appear,remain,1)The glass was broken.2)The hunter seemed frightened.a passive action1)This volunteering work appears much appreciated.2)The door remained locked.a stateApplying the rule
54、Read the passage in Understanding the meaning again and analyse the functions of all the coloured parts by following the example.Example attributive before a nounThe poem,The Road Not Taken,has been one of the most analysed and quoted poems in the English language.Complete the following passage by u
55、sing the appropriate forms of the given words.A poem is a form of art or something (create)to be (appreciate)for its beauty and emotional power.A (skill)poet tries to use his technique to have the words arranged in order to achieve a (desire)emotional effect.Words are the medium of poetry.In poetry,
56、the poet makes sure that the words (arrange)in lines and stanzas rather than sentences and paragraphs.While (write),a poet often has his own experience (incorporate)into the poem.So the readers may feel (inspire)by the poets experiences while reading.(interest)in the poem,the readers may fi nd a str
57、ong emotional response (provoke).Theme A Life and Literature8 Look at the picture below and describe it,and then express how you understand it.Use the-ed form as the predicative.Listening,Understanding and Communicating Talking about Career Choices Tick the jobs youre interested in and give your rea
58、sons.Then share your choices with a partner and then add more jobs you like.dentist athlete actor/actress teacher architect lifeguard scientist lawyerOther jobs I am interested in:My reasons:Predict whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).Then listen to a passage and check your predi
59、ction.1)A career is an investment,and should be incorporated into ones overall life plan.2)For the majority,making a career choice is just about following a dream.3)It has been found that holding a job which fi ts ones interest and personality contributes to an individuals well-being.As is shown in
60、the picture,From my point of view,Unit 1 Choice and Decision94)“Choose a job you love and youll never have to work a day in your life”is said by the Chinese philosopher Lao-Tzu.5)Professor Peter G.Beidler chooses teaching partly because he likes the pace of the academic calendar.6)Assessing ones per
61、sonal skills is an important step before choosing a job.Listen again and tick the best answer to each of the following questions.1)What is this passage mainly about?A.Having a successful career.B.The reasons for being a teacher.C.Making a career choice.D.Getting to know yourself.2)Which of the follo
62、wing is not the reason for Professor Beidler to be a teacher?A.Having an opportunity for refl ection.B.Enjoying a life full of changes and opportunities.C.Having the freedom to learn.D.Enjoying something besides money and power.3)Which factor(s)should be considered when you are making a career choic
63、e?A.Reality and careful management.B.Your strengths,values and skills.C.Your interest and personality.D.All of the above.4)Which of the following is false according to the passage?A.Making a career choice needs a lot of research and soul-searching.B.As long as you follow your dream,you can make the
64、right career choice.C.Choosing the right career is one of the most important decisions of a persons life.D.Career choices must be realistic and fully considered.Listen for the third time and fi ll in the blanks about Professor Beidlers reasons for teaching.LearningPaceFreedom Why I teachTeaching off
65、ers me besides and .Teaching offersme a built on change.Teaching offers me not what I ,but what I want to learn.Teaching offers me freedom to make my own ,to learn my own lesson,to myself and my students.Teaching offers me the pace of calendar:an opportunityfor ,research and writing.Theme A Life and
66、 Literature10 As is shown in the pie chart,.ranks as the most popular career,which accounts for.%.Most students think that.Then,.is chosen as the second,for the reason that.Besides,.is as popular as.My classmates consider that.The career with the lowest percentage is.,which takes up only.%.Whats mor
67、e,there are some other careers students hope to take,such as.We can conclude from the chart that.As is shown in the pie chart,.ranks as the most popular career,which accounts for.%.Most students think that.Then,.is chosen as the second,for the reason that.Besides,.is as popular as.My classmates cons
68、ider that.The career with the lowest percentage is.,which takes up only.%.Whats more,there are some other careers students hope to take,such as.We can conclude from the chart that.Do the activity by following the steps below.Step 1 Work in groups to do a survey about the career choices of your class
69、mates by asking the following questions.1)What job would you like to choose?2)What factors do you consider when you choose a job?Step 2 Present your results by drawing a pie chart or a bar graph.ExampleSubject Choices and ReasonsStep 3 Make a report based on your chart or graph.The following sentenc
70、e structures can help you.strengths skills interestpersonality the value of the job payment doctor singer civil servant architectscientist journalist lawyer Pie chartBar graphUnit 1 Choice and Decision11You may use the scheme of rhyme to help you.TIPmountains birds paths riversnow boat man bambooVie
71、wing,Speaking and WritingWriting a Poem Based on the provided picture,choose proper words from the box to complete the following poem.Cold River-Snow By Liu ZongyuanA hundred _ and no _,A thousand _ without a footprint;A little _,a _ cloak,An old man fi shing in the cold _-snow.Work in groups to wor
72、k out the appropriate order of the lines in the following poem.Then read the poem aloud,paying attention to the rhythm.Gathering Leaves by Robert Frost Spades take up leaves Spades take up leaves I make a great noise _Running away _No better than spoons _And bags full of leaves _Are light as balloon
73、s Of rustling all day Of rustling all day _Like rabbit and deer _ Read the poems“The Road Not Taken”,“Cold River-Snow”and“Gathering Leaves”again and decide what makes a good poem.Complete the following statement and then write down your own answer.A good poem is _.A.fun to read B.full of feelings C.
74、meaningfulD.educational E.short and clear F.about real things G.simple H.surprisingAccording to my understanding,a good poem is _.Theme A Life and Literature12 Discuss with your partner the meanings of the following proverbs about“roads”and then write a poem of your own,entitled“Road”.1)No way is im
75、possible to courage.2)Perseverance is the only road to success.3)All roads lead to Rome.4)Confi dence in yourself is the fi rst step on the road to success.5)To know the road ahead,ask those coming back.6)No road is long with good company.Reading Further Getting Ready Imagine you are in the followin
76、g situation and think which“road”you would like to take.Then share your ideas in groups.SituationId prefer to rather than because .Look at the title of the following speech and the given words and expressions to predict the authors choice.Then read to check.English the well-trodden path detour into.
77、Spanish the lonely road a single correct path ReadingThe Road Not Taken in LifeHola todos!Ahora vamos a empezar.El camino no selecionado en la vida.Ladies and gentlemen,I am a sophomore majoring in Spanish,but today Im here standing on the stage of English competition.Should I be here?Is this my sta
78、ge?Two years ago,when I was offered the privileged chance to pick my major,rather than the well-trodden path of English,I chose the lonely road of Spanish.Its very common that when students dont know which major to choose in college,they choose English;when they want a better job,they pick up Englis
79、h;and when they want to master a foreign language,more often than not,it is English.There is a view that English is the path to a better life.But the law of supply and demand tells that if everyone supplies the same When picking their majors in college,some students tend to choose some popular major
80、s,such as English,Accounting,etc.,while others would like to choose less popular ones:Spanish,Philosophy,etc.A piece of good writing usually grows out of a strong desire tosay something.TIPUnit 1 Choice and Decision13service,the value of that service declines.So those who have taken a less travelled
81、 road,and have not followed others,may have the last laugh.Weve seen this before.Think of all those students who decided to pursue law at the urgings of their parents,uncles or teachers.Where are they now?Promised a world of opportunity upon completing their education,instead they are now struggling
82、 to find a position in their overcrowded fi eld.Some have ended up turning to new paths as translators,or even butchers.How about beyond education?What are the paths that everyone takes?Everyone rushes to buy a house and we are left with rising prices of houses and apartments that may be highly infl
83、 ated.Everyone needs to buy a car and we are left with traffi c jams that last over a week!Everyone fl ocks to Xiangshan in the spring to look at the blooming f lowers only to see the backs of other peoples heads.Too often people are sheep refusing to separate from the fl ock.They become nervous and
84、 uneasy when they step out of line.However,isnt this sometimes unnecessary?Why do we not buy a cheaper home in a smaller town?Why do we not use public transportation instead of worrying about a car?Why do we not go to see Sakura blossoms in Wuhan instead of Xiangshan?The pressure to travel with othe
85、rs is strong,for it is always easier to go with the fl ow.We must learn to love the lonely path,not fear it.The popular path is not always a safe one.There are always options.The road less travelled can be fun.Now I encourage people around me to take risks,like entering an English-speaking competiti
86、on as a Spanish major.Even though I have chosen the less travelled road to learn Spanish,I am not restricted from detouring into English.I dont dream about the road I didnt take as so many of my friends did.We are lucky to have so many paths in front of us,but there is no single correct path for all
87、 of us.We must fi nd our own way.Hasta la vista.Comprehending Read the speech again and complete the chart.IntroductionConclusionMain pointsSupporting detailsLearning English Buying a house Beyond education Among the three essential parts,the body part plays an important role,where key points and su
88、pporting information should be presented.TIPTheme A Life and Literature14The author can use rhetorical devices to make the speech vivid,and improve the power of language.Commonly used devices include similes,metaphors,parallelism,repetition,antithesis,and rhetorical questions.TIP Discuss in groups w
89、hat rhetorical devices are used to make the speech more convincing.Identify more examples in the text and complete the table by following the example.Rhetorical deviceExample in the speechFunctionParallelism1)(Paragraph 2,Lines 1-4)when students it is English.2)1)to increase the rhythm of this speec
90、h.2)Complete the following summary of the speech.Then give your comments on it.In the speech,the author talks about the road not taken in life.Rather than the _ path of English,she chose the _ road of Spanish as her major in college.In comparison,those who pursue their majors at the _ of other peopl
91、e are now struggling to fi nd a position in their overcrowded fi eld.Beyond education,people still refuse to _ from the fl ock.They tend to go with the _.They _ to buy a car,a house and fl ock to famous scenic spots.They dont realise the truth that the road less travelled can also be fun and we shou
92、ld dare to take _ and fi nd our own way.Self-assessingRefl ect on your learning in this unit and rate each of the items according to the following rating scales.Then decide what you should do for further progress.5=Exceeding expectations 4=Meeting expectations 3=Approaching expectations2=Partially m
93、eeting expectations 1=Not meeting expectationsItemRatingImprovement I can appreciate a poem and share my understanding with classmates.I can identify the rhyme scheme and the rhythm of a poem.I can describe a picture by using the-ed form as the predicative.I can make a survey to talk about my career
94、 choices.I can write a poem based on the given proverbs.I can evaluate a speech on“The Road Not Taken in Life”.You can make comments on a speech based on its structure,expressions,rhetorical devices,etc.TIPUnit 2 Dilemma and SolutionLooking AheadBy the end of this unit,you will be able to:appreciate
95、 a short story from different angles;use adverbs in depicting a character vividly;write a story based on a stamp by using the-ing form as the predicative;talk about the writing styles of some famous writers;write a short story based on a given theme;illustrate why we should learn English literature.
96、Unit 2Dilemma and SolutionEvery story has an end,but every end is just a new beginning.AnonymousReading Actively Activating and Predicting Study the following pictures and guess the meanings of the given words and expressions.If necessary,refer to a dictionary.Then share your understanding with a pa
97、rtner.231a policeman,in the doorwayof a restaurant,wait forscar,a diamond pin,light a cigarthe same place,date and time,make a fortune564a tall man,go directly toarm in arm,glare,changea plainclothes man,arrest,note1516Theme A Life and Literature Look at the title of the following text and work in p
98、airs to predict what it is about by answering the following questions.Then read the text to check your prediction.1)When and where did it happen?2)What is it mainly about?3)What is the most probable relationship between the characters?Unlighted cigarand quickly indicate that the man felt_.Keen here
99、means_.A.intenseB.sharp Reading,Thinking and AnalysingAfter Twenty YearsThe policeman moved up the street with an air of importance as usual.The time was hardly 10 oclock at night,but the cold wind had almost made the street empty.With a club in his hand,the offi cer tried doors as he walked,turning
100、 now and then to look at the quiet street.Walking towards the middle of the street,the policeman suddenly slowed his walk.In the doorway of a store stood a man with an unlighted cigar in his mouth.As the policeman walked up to him,the man spoke up quickly.“Its all right,offi cer,”he said,“Im just wa
101、iting for a friend.Its an appointment made twenty years ago.Sounds a little funny to you,doesnt it?Well,Ill explain if youd like to make certain its all straight.”He then struck a match and lit his cigar.The light showed a pale,square face with keen eyes,and a little white scar near his right eyebro
102、w.He wore an expensive silk tie with a diamond pin.“Twenty years ago tonight,”said the man,“I was here with Jimmy,my best friend and the fi nest person in the world.We were raised here in New York,just like two brothers,together.I was eighteen and Jimmy was twenty.The next morning I was to start for
103、 the West to make my fortune.You couldnt have made Jimmy leave New York;he thought it was the only place on earth.Well,we agreed that night we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time,no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come.We thou
104、ght that in twenty years each of us ought to have our fate worked out and our fortunes made,whatever they were going to be.”“It sounds pretty interesting,”said the policeman.“Well,yes,”said the other.“I know Jimmy will meet me here if hes alive,for he always was the truest old friend in the world.He
105、ll never forget.I came a thousand miles to stand in this door tonight,and its worth it,if he turns up.”The waiting man pulled out a handsome watch,the lids of it set with Unit 2 Dilemma and Solution17Guess the meaning of sharp from the context.Exclaim meansutter aloud,often with surprise,horror or j
106、oy.small diamonds.“Three minutes to ten,”he said.“It was exactly ten oclock when we parted here at the restaurant door.”“Did pretty well out West,didnt you?”asked the policeman.“Sure.I hope Jimmy has done half as well.”The policeman twirled his club and took a step or two.“Ill be on my way.Hope your
107、 friend comes around all right.Going to stop waiting at 10 sharp?”“No,”said the other.“I will give him half an hour at least.If Jimmy is alive on earth,hell be here by that time.So long,offi cer.”“Good night,sir,”said the policeman,passing on along,trying doors as he went.There was now a fi ne,cold
108、drizzle falling,and the wind was blowing harder.And in the door of that store,the man smoked his cigar and waited.About twenty minutes he waited,and then a tall man in a long overcoat,with the collar turned up to his ears,hurried across from the opposite side of the street.He went directly to the wa
109、iting man.“Is that you,Bob?”he asked.“Is that you Jimmy?”cried the man in the door.“Bless my heart!”exclaimed the new arrival,holding both of the others hands.“Its Bob,sure as fate.I was certain Id fi nd you here if you were still in existence.Welltwenty years is a long time.How has the West treated
110、 you,old man?”“Fine;it has given me everything I asked it for.Youve changed lot,Jimmy.I never thought you were so tall by two or three inches.”“Oh,I grew a bit after I was twenty.”“Doing well in New York,Jimmy?”“Moderately.I have a position in one of the city departments.Come on,Bob,well go around t
111、o a place I know of,and have a good long talk about old times.”The two men started up the street,arm in arm.The man from the West,proud of his success,was beginning to talk about the history of his career.The other listened with interest.At the corner stood a drug store,bright with electric lights.W
112、hen they came into this glare,each of them turned at the same time to look at the others face.The man from the West stopped suddenly and released his arm.Glare here means_.18Theme A Life and Literature“You are not Jimmy,”he said angrily.“Twenty years is a long time,but not long enough to change a ma
113、ns nose from a Roman to a pug.”“It sometimes changes a good man into a bad one,”said the tall man.“Youve been under arrest for ten minutes,Bob.Chicago thought you might have dropped over our way and wired us.Going quietly,are you?Thats sensible.Now,before we go to the station,heres a note I was aske
114、d to hand you.You may read it here at the window.Its from Offi cer Jimmy Wells.”The man from the West unfolded the little piece of paper.His hand was steady when he began to read,but it trembled a little by the time he had fi nished.The note was rather short:Why did the mans hand tremble whenhe read
115、 the note?“Bob:I was at the appointed place on time.When you struck the match to light your cigar,I saw it was the face of the man wanted in Chicago.Somehow I couldnt do it myself,so I went around and got a plain clothes man to do the job.Jimmy”Comprehending,Integrating and Creating Read the story a
116、gain and complete the following storyline.Climax and resolutionA explained the truth.Bob was .FeelingBob:nervous,Jimmy:complexFeelingBob:excitedJimmy:BackgroundTime:Place:Weather:Character:Rising actionBob recognised the man .“Jimmy”kept the .Bob continued to .The policeman .A policeman met Bob andc
117、hatted with him.Unit 2 Dilemma and Solution19 Work in groups to discuss the following questions and share your ideas with other groups.1)What is the theme of the story?2)What is O.Henrythe authors way of ending the story?How does it impress you?3)Do you think Jimmy is loyal to the friendship between
118、 Bob and him?Why or why not?4)If you were in Jimmys shoes,what would you do?5)What are the respective personalities of Bob and Jimmy?What do you think of them?Work in pairs to complete the following diagram.Then write down your ideas about“friendship”and“society”which can be inferred from the story.
119、Based on the storyline in Activity 1 and your discussion,work in groups of four to retell the story from different points of view.Student A:From O.Henrys point of viewStudent B:In Bobs viewStudent C:In Jimmys viewStudent D:From the viewpoint of the plainclothes policeman Do one of the following acti
120、vities in groups.Activity 1 Search for information on the Internet about the writing background and writing style of the writer and share it with your group members.Activity 2 Imagine what Jimmy and Bob do and say when they meet at the police station the following day.Act it out.Activity 3 Imagine w
121、hat you will be like in 20 years,and share your imagination with your group members.Real friendship:The features of society:Bob started for to seek his fortune.Jimmy in New York.Jimmy became a _.Bob became but also a .20 yearsago20 yearslater20Theme A Life and LiteraturePrefi xThe wordSuffi xThe new
122、 wordMore examples-lydirectlyun-foldun-unlightedarrive-alsensesensible-enceexistenceinsistence;independence Exploring and Using Language Feature Study the following affixes and complete the table below.Discuss how they help you memorise words and enlarge your vocabulary.Study the following example a
123、nd then analyse the functions of adverbs in the following sentences from the text in the same way.ExampleAs the policeman walked up to him,the man spoke up quickly.1)Walking towards the middle of the street,the policeman suddenly slowed his walk.2)I know Jimmy will meet me here if hes alive,for he w
124、as always the truest old friend in the world.Hell never forget.3)He went directly to the waiting man.4)The man from the West stopped suddenly and released his arm.5)“You are not Jimmy,”he said angrily.We use adverbs together with verbs or verb phrases in order to 1)make the actions more vivid and im
125、pressive;2)show the feeling,attitude and personality of the character(s).TIPto show Bobs fear of being arrested or his loyalty to friendshipUnit 2 Dilemma and Solution21 Grammar LinkThe-ing Form as the PredicativeUnderstanding the meaning Read the following passage and pay special attention to the c
126、oloured parts.Try to fi nd out the functions of the-ing form.Two friends,Jimmy and Bob,made an appointment to meet again twenty years later.When the day arrived,Jimmy,now a policeman,walked to the restaurant door where a waiting man was in the doorway.Walking towards the man,Jimmy found the man imme
127、diately began to explain that he was waiting for a friend.Jimmy saw the man striking a match and lighting a cigar and he recognised that it was the face of a man wanted by the police.It was so surprising for Jimmy to fi nd out that his friend,Bob,was a wanted criminal.Jimmy knew that his job was arr
128、esting criminals.However,he found he couldnt do it himself.So he went around and got a plain-clothes policeman to put Bob under arrest.Discovering the rule Study the following examples to fi nd out how the-ing form is used.Then share your ideas with a partner.Example attributive1)When the day arrive
129、d,Jimmy walked to the restaurant door where a waiting man was in the doorway.the predicative2)It was so surprising for Jimmy to fi nd out that his friend,Bob,was a wanted criminal.Work in groups to complete the table below.Example sentenceMeaningFormFunction1)One of the best exercises is jogging.2)H
130、er hobby is painting.explaining what thesubject is_+v-ingas a noun1)Your words are so encouraging.2)His life story sounds interesting.describing the subject which will arouse acertain feeling orresponselinking verb+_as an _linking verb22Theme A Life and LiteratureApplying the rule Reread the passage
131、 in Understanding the meaning and use the rules to analyse the coloured parts.Complete the following story by using the-ing form of the given words.Then fi nd out the-ing form as the predicative.A Clever RabbitThe greatest joy of the wolf and the fox is _(catch)the rabbit and then _(eat)him.However,
132、it wasnt easy to catch him.One day,the fox said to the wolf,“Go home and lie in bed.Ill tell the rabbit that you are dead.When he comes to look at you,you can jump up and catch him.”“Thats an _(excite)idea,”said the wolf._(knock)at the door of the rabbits house,the fox shouted,“Dear rabbit,I have _(
133、surprise)news for you.The wolf is dead.”The rabbit thought the news sounded _(thrill)but so _(astonish),so he decided to go to the wolfs house to have a look.He looked in through the window and saw the wolf _(lie)in bed with his eyes closed.He thought,“Is the wolf really dead or is he pretending to
134、be dead?”So the rabbit said,“The fox says that the wolf is dead.But he doesnt look like a dead wolf.The mouth of a dead wolf is always open.”When _(hear)this,the wolf thought,“Ill show the rabbit that Im dead.”So he opened his mouth._(see)this,the rabbit knew that the wolf was _(pretend)to be dead i
135、n order to catch him.So he immediately escaped as quickly as he could.Look at the stamp below and write a story based on it.Use as many-ing forms as possible,including the-ing form as the predicative.Unit 2 Dilemma and Solution23An authors writing style is the way he or she writes.It is the techniqu
136、ethat an individual author uses in his or her writing.TIPErnest HemingwayMark TwainO.HenryJane Austenlocal life,simple diction,use of dialect,true realisticstyle,elementsof humourthe dependence of women onmarriage,romantic but realisticListening,Understanding and CommunicatingTalking about O.Henrys
137、Writing Style Match the writing styles with the corresponding authors.Then share your ideas with a partner.Look at the picture and work in pairs to fi ll in the blanks.Then listen to check and choose the best answers.1)What is the passage mainly about?A.The life story of O.Henry.B.O.Henrys writing s
138、tyle.C.The Gift of the Magi.D.How O.Henry became a great writer.2)Why are O.Henrys stories so popular?Because .A.the language he uses in his stories is simple to understand B.his stories are about peoples daily life C.the endings of his stories always surprise the reader D.most of his stories happen
139、ed in the early 20th centurywar and death,simple wordsand short sentences,telegraph styleordinary people,vivid description,use of humour and irony,surprising endingThe author of the short story The Gift of the Magi is ,whose other works include .His writing style is .I like his style because .24Them
140、e A Life and LiteratureName:O.HenryJob:a great American _Number of his short stories:_ to _Themes:_,_,etc.Writing style:People always use the term“_”to describe his writing.These stories usually end in a _ but also _ way.Example:“_”Infl uence:He has been a favourite in American literature for his _p
141、erspective of the characters living in society.Listen again and fi ll in the blanks.Choose another author in Activity 1 and talk about his/her writing style in pairs.The following expressions may help you.Lexical chunks to describe an authors writing stylewith a/an.change at the end use the term.to
142、describe sb.s writing styleto end in a.but also.way to unfold the plot to make readers.the greatest suspense a/an.perspective of.ones peculiar writing style of.endingViewing,Speaking and WritingWriting a Short Story Look at the mind map and write down the key elements of a short story.Then share you
143、r ideas with a partner.If you are going to write a short story,which theme will you choose?You can refer to the themes below or create your own.Theme:characterThe key elements of a short storyThe key elements of a short storyThe key elements of a short storyUnit 2 Dilemma and Solution25When you revi
144、se your short story,you need to:notice if your story follows your information table;delete unnecessary descriptions,scenes and characters;make sure the story is emotionally moving and attractive.TIP Think about how you are going to develop the story based on the theme you have chosen.Then note down
145、the basic information in the table below.Write the draft and reread to polish it.Then share your story with group members.Reading Further Getting Ready Read the following statements and decide whether you agree(A)or disagree(D)with them.Then check your ideas with a partner._ 1)There is little signif
146、i cance in learning English literature._ 2)Students can learn about not only the English language but also English culture by studying English literature._ 3)Studying English literature enables students to learn the traditions of England only._ 4)An enjoyment and appreciation of literature develop s
147、tudents interest in books and reading._ 5)When studying literature,students can learn the language aspects that can be used for aesthetic purposes.Life is the source of all creation.Pay attention to the things happening around you and you can draw inspiration from these things.TIPThemes:life and lea
148、rning;behaviour and quality;social service and interpersonalcommunication;history and culture;science and technology;environmental protection;space exploration;ThemeCharacter PlotBeginning:Development:Ending:Point of view First person Third personSettingTime:Place:26Theme A Life and Literature Work
149、in pairs to discuss the following questions and then read to check.1)What is the school subject which the statements in Activity 1 are closely related to?2)Is it necessary for us to study it?3)Why do you think so?ReadingWhy Do We Learn English Literature?In this day and age,there seems to be a move
150、towards secondary school subjects which have a strong link to a tertiary course of study.For that reason,some parents and some students feel that the compulsory study of English literature is misguided and disadvantageous to students,particularly if they are second language learners of English.Howev
151、er,there are still good reasons for the study of English literature.Students of the English language sometimes fail to see the point of studying English literature,especially if they have no plans to study English or translation at university.But English literature can introduce students to a range
152、of aspects,not only of the English language but also the culture of English-speaking countries.There are aspects of English culture that are summarised by English literature.Of course,this is quite obvious when studying the works of Shakespeare or writers,poets and playwrights of the eighteenth and
153、nineteenth centuries.It is,however,also true when studying other works of English literature.Students can learn about allusions and references to different aspects of English culture.They can also learn the context and meanings of famous quotes and phrases.Studying literature does not confi ne the s
154、tudents to the traditions of England but includes the possibility of introducing them to traditions that inform English literature,such as the study of Ancient Greek drama,and to literature in other contexts,such as American literature.It also provides the students with an alternative to the pervasi
155、veness of“television culture”with its immediacy and often its shallowness.An enjoyment and appreciation of literature will give students the ability to develop this into an interest in books and reading as they move away from their studies and into their adult lives.They will have the confi dence to
156、 approach and cope with new forms of books and writing,since they were exposed to a range of literature during their school days.When studying literature,students can learn not only language aspects such as vocabulary items but also the language aspects which can be used for specific and aesthetic p
157、urposes.Familiarity with the concepts of beat,metre and rhythm can improve their own writing as students are able to appreciate and apply these ideas.Finally,the study of literature can provide students with a fresh and creative angle from which to approach their studies in particular and their live
158、s in general.So next time you are reading a newspaper article complaining of the lack of creativity and initiative in the local workforce,remember that in a small way the study of English literature can help to add a refreshing and further dimension to a persons life.Unit 2 Dilemma and Solution27 Co
159、mprehending Read the passage again and complete the following diagram.Work in groups to discuss the following questions.1)Why is“television culture”in quotation marks?What do you think people mean when they talk about the“immediacy”and“shallowness”of“television culture”?2)Whats your understanding of
160、 the aesthetic purposes of reading literature?Give examples to illustrate your ideas.3)What other materials can you make use of to learn the English language besides literature works?If there is an English Literature course in high school,discuss in groups whether it should be a compulsory or electi
161、ve course and give your reasons.English Literature should be a(n)_ course.Reason 1 _Reason 2 _Reason 3 _StatementConclusionSupporting detailsThe of studying English literatureThe study of English literature can help to to a persons life.It introduces students to a range of aspects,not only of the En
162、glish but also of .1)It does not students to the of England but introduces them to traditions that English literature.2)It gives students the to develop their enjoyment of literature into in books and in their later life.3)It can make students learn the language used for purposes.Paragraph(s)Paragra
163、ph(s)Paragraph 728Theme A Life and Literature Read the following excerpts from the essay Of Studies written by Francis Bacon.Then think and answer the questions below.1)What role can studying English literature play?2)Besides the aspects mentioned by the author in the passage,what other skills can b
164、e developed with the help of literature?Self-assessingRefl ect on your learning in this unit and rate each of the items according to the following rating scales.Then decide what you should do for further progress.5=Exceeding expectations 4=Meeting expectations 3=Approaching expectations2=Partially m
165、eeting expectations 1=Not meeting expectationsItemRatingImprovement I can appreciate a short story from different angles.I can depict a character vividly by using adverbs.I can write a story based on a stamp by using the-ing form as the predicative.I can talk about the writing styles of some famous
166、writers.I can write a short story based on a given theme.I can list the reasons why we should learn English literature.Histories make men wise;poets witty;the mathematics subtle;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.Histories make men wise;poets witty;the mathematics
167、 subtle;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.Challenging Yourself A Eternal LoveLearning Individually Tick the cause(s)which you think may result in confl icts between parents and children.Then add more.choice of schools/universities preferences of food taste in mus
168、ic/sports/fi lms choice of friendsMore causes:_ Read the following sentences from a dialogue between a mother and her daughter and predict what may have happened between them.Then read to check.MotherDaughter So youve decided to leave next Saturday?Are you so unhappy at home?Do you really hate me so
169、 much?I do want you to stay,more than anything in the world.I want you to stay.Would you fi nd that so bad?Youre going to make me stay?No!Its completely impossible!No.I dont feel anything towards you at all.All right,now you know what I really feel about you.Do you still want me to stay?Looking Ahea
170、dAfter completing this project,you will be able to:appreciate an act of a play to know its stylistic features;analyse the personality of the characters by focusing on their dialogues;infer the characters change of attitude by locating the keywords;develop appropriateness of expression by using prope
171、r tones,pitches,stress,etc.in a role-play;refl ect on the learning of the whole theme from the aspect of analysing different types of literary works.All the world is a stage,and all men and womenare merely players.William ShakespeareSelf-directedLearning Project Challenging Yourself AEternal LoveAll
172、 the world is a stage,and all men and womenAll the world is a stage,and all men and womenare merely players.are merely players.Self-directedLearning Project Challenging Yourself AChallenging Yourself A2930Theme A Life and Literature Reading and ThinkingA Roomful of RosesBridget:I dont know why every
173、body gets so excited,just because it turns out I wont be here for an old dance.Nancy:So youve decided to leave next Saturday?Bridget:Why not?My three weeks are up.Nancy:Are they?I hadnt realised.Bridget:Well,theyre not actually up till Monday.But I hope youre not going to hold me over.Nancy:Would yo
174、u fi nd that so bad?Bridget:Are you joking?Nancy:No,Im not.Bridget:Youre going to try to make me stay?Nancy:Darling,dont misunderstandIm not going to try to make you do anything.I thought you would know that by now.Bridget:Thats good.Of course,you havent any rights at all,as far as I am concerned.Na
175、ncy:I dont know that my“rights”or lack of themhave anything to do with it.Bridie Bridget:Please.Nancy:Im sorry,Bridget.(Reaching toward her in an impulsive gesture of affection.)Darling,I do want you to stay.More than anything in the world,I want you to stay.We all want youwont you think about it?Ju
176、st during the next few days,think about it.Hard.Bridget:No!Its completely impossible!Nancy:Are you so unhappy at home?Bridget:Why do you ask me that?Nancy:I want you to be happy somewhere.If not with me,then somewhere else.Bridget:You don t have to worry about that.I am happy.Terribly.Nancy:And you
177、like your school?Bridget:I love it.The only thing I dont likeI dont like this conversation.And if its all right with you,Ill dress for dinner now.Nancy:Oh,baby,you dont have to be so lonely.Bridget:Listen!Dont say a thing like that to me.Dont you dare be sorry for me!In a play,some words in brackets
178、 are used to describe an action or a situation.They are called stage directions.Hard is an adverb here.Can you guess what it means?Does old here have anything to do with age?Guess the meaning of up according to the context.Why is am italicised?Challenging Yourself A Eternal Love31In which tone doesN
179、ancy say Bridie?Nancy:Bridget!Bridget:Dont you dare!You have no right!(She starts up the stairs.)Nancy:Bridie!You come back here.Dont ever speak to me in that tone again.I dont care what you think I have done to you.You are never to speak to me in that way again.Do you understand?Bridget:Yes.Nancy:A
180、ll right.Now come over here and sit down.Bridget:I have nothing to say.Nancy:But I have something to say.Ive been waiting a long time to say it,so I hope.I want you to understand,that no matter how you feel toward me,you are a deep and important part of my life.I love you very much.Bridget:Is that a
181、ll?Nancy:No.No,it isnt.There is something else.I knewyou would feel hateful and hurt.But I didnt dream it would be like this.Ive tried in every way I know to reach you.Ive stayed awake at night trying to think of a waysome wayof reaching you.Bridget:Of breaking me down,you mean.Nancy:Yes,if you want
182、 to put it that way.Bridie,youre a little girl still.In many ways a very little girl.But soonyou will be a young woman.(Bridget starts to rise.)Now wait!Its for your own sake Im saying this.Its for you.Bridie,dont let the fact that there was something very bad in your life once be the most important
183、 thing to you.Dont blame everyone you meet for something that happened a long time ago.Bridget:May I go to my room now?Nancy:Do you really hate me so much?Bridget:No,I dont hate you.I dont feel anything towards you at all.Just blankness.And I want to keep it that way.Nancy:Bridie,it wasnt all my fau
184、ltwhat happened wasnt all myfault!Ive never told you things before,but your father wasOh,God.Bridget:I dont care whose fault it was!You were the one who ran away!Nancy:Not from you!I wanted you with me.I triedyou know I triedI didnt run away from you.Bridget:You ran away from Dad and me.Why?Because
185、you liked Jay better?Nancy:No,things arent that simple.My,you,me,etc.should be stressed.32Theme A Life and LiteratureBridget:Then why?Nancy:Bridie,listenthere are things you wont understand until you are older,but trytry to understand thisthe love I have for Jay is the love your father did not want
186、from me.And it has nothing whatever to do with the love I feel for you.Bridget:Youre too late,Mother.I dont care any more.Thats funny.I call you Mother.But its only because I dont know what else to call you.To me you arent my mother.As far as Im concerned,my mother is dead.And I used to wish you had
187、 died.Oh,how I wished.Id lie awake in bed at night and pretend that you had died.Sometimes it seemed so realand Id cry.All right,now you know what I really feel about you.Do you still want me to stay?Nancy:More than ever.Bridget:Youre crazy!.(She turns and runs up the stairs.).Analysing and Question
188、ing Read the play and complete the following chart.BridgetNancyexpressed her confusion at too much concern for her leaving asked Bridget if she would for a few more daysindicated her showed her toher daughterdeclared her forher motherexplained for their divorceshowed her toher motherstated her deter
189、mination to showed her to leaveinquired whether Bridget was at home or at schoolChallenging Yourself A Eternal Love33 Read the play carefully and decide whether each of the following statements is true(T)or false(F).Correct the false one(s)._ 1)The dance was held a long time ago.Thats why it is call
190、ed“an old dance”._ 2)Bridget has already stayed for three weeks._ 3)Bridget is not actually very happy._ 4)Nancy admits that she wants to break Bridget down._ 5)Bridget hates her mother very much._ 6)Nancy is crazy to ask Bridget to stay for a longer time.Read the play again and answer the following
191、 questions.1)What attitude do the two characters have towards each other?2)Is the relationship between the mother and the daughter changing for the better or the worse?How do you know?3)Where,in the play,is the fi rst marked change in Nancys tone?4)When does Bridget call Nancy“Mother”for the fi rst
192、time in the play?And what does that suggest?5)Why does Bridget think that her mother is crazy?Reflect on what you have learned from the play and write down some questions and problems for further group discussion in class.Question CornerLearning CooperativelyPhase 1 Sharing the individual work 1)Che
193、ck and discuss your answers in Learning Individually and improve them.2)Come up with your questions or problems and work on them with your group members.Phase 2 Exploring further 1)Discuss the questions below.Question 1:How does the author depict the characters personalities through their dialogue?U
194、se a mind map or a bubble map to summarise the authors techniques.Question 2:What might happen in the next act?1)2).34Theme A Life and Literature 2)Listen to your teacher for his/her comments and suggestions.Phase 3 Utilising resources 1)Watch one or two episodes of Growing Pains in Video Bank on ou
195、r website and make a comparison of the theme,characters,plots,etc.with the play youve just read.2)Read the other parts of the play A Roomful of Roses in Reading Box on our website to get a better understanding of the characters.Learning Creatively Read this sonnet after the recording,and fi nish the
196、 analysis of its rhyme scheme.Then complete the short passage about“sonnets”on the next page.Shall I Compare Thee to a Summers Dayby William ShakespeareShall I compare thee to a summers day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summers lease hath al
197、l too short a date.Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmd;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance,or natures changing course untrimmd;But thy eternal summer shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou owst;Nor shall death brag thou wande
198、rst in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growst;So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.heroicquatrainsheroic coupletRhyming abcedfChallenging Yourself A Eternal Love35A sonnet is a poem that has lines.Each line has 10 syllables,and the po
199、em has a fi xed pattern of rhymes.Before William Shakespeares day,the word“sonnet”meant simply“little song”,from the Italian“sonnetto”.In Renaissance Italy and then in Elizabethan England,the sonnet became a fi xed poetic form.Perhaps the most well-known and important sonnets in the English language
200、 were written by Shakespeare.The English or Shakespearean sonnet is made of three quatrains,rhyming and a closing rhymed heroic couplet.The sonnets cover such themes as the passage of time,love,eternity,jealousy,beauty and mortality.Shakespeares Sonnet 18,Shall I Compare Thee to a Summers Day,is per
201、haps one of the best-known sonnets according to English literary principles.It is a conventional Shakespearean sonnet that explores conventional themes in an original way.With characteristic skills,the poet attempts to justify the speakers beloved by comparing her to a summers day,and then comes to
202、the conclusion that his beloved will be eternal.In the first quatrain,William Shakespeare opens the poem with a question addressing his friend:“Shall I compare thee to a summers day?”In the next line,he emphasizes that his dear friend is more lovely and temperate than summer.Then,the speaker further
203、 explains why she is“more lovely and more temperate”.As the“rough winds”will destroy the“buds of May”,he argues that summer is too short.The off rhyme of“temperate”in line 2 and“date”in line 4 draws attention to the notion that summer is finite,which contrasts with the eternal nature of poetry,and h
204、ighlights the poems theme that love/friendship is eternal.In the second quatrain,the speaker personifi es the sky,or“heaven”,by using the metaphor of an“eye”for the sun so that he can make the comparison between a person and a season.The speaker asserts that summer is“Sometime too hot”and causes a d
205、ecline in appearance,something that does not suit the object of the poets admiration.The poet explains to us such a philosophy:all the beautiful things in the world will follow the laws of nature,and disappear with the passing of time.The poet is praising the beauty of his beloved friend indirectly
206、by showing us the shortcomings of the otherwisebeautiful summer season.The third quatrain no longer focuses on summer,but speaks of the nearly eternal nature of the memory of the beloved.As the speaker assures his beloved that her“eternal summer shall 36Theme A Life and LiteratureStylistic features:
207、The lessons I have learned:not fade”,he is using summer as a metaphor for her beauty and youth.Line 12 concludes that a poem makes for a better comparison because“in eternal lines to time thou growst”.The couplet concludes the sonnet by tying together the themes of love and poetry.The last compariso
208、n here provides a sharp contrast between eternity and“a summers day”.Do the following activities.1)Discuss in groups whether you like this sonnet or not and give your reasons.2)Tell your group members whether you agree with the above analysis of this sonnet.If yes,make further clarifi cation;if not,
209、state your opinions and illustrate them.Learning ReflectivelyRefl ect on what you have learned from Theme A by referring back to Guiding Page and Looking Ahead.Write down your discoveries.1)Have I learned about any stylistic features of different literary works?2)Have I learned any lessons from read
210、ing these literary works?Theme BMan and Civilisation All that is great in man comes through work,and civilisation is its product.To some extent,civilisation is refl ected in the concept of the degree of development of human society.And we should acknowledge that civilisation never recedes;the law of
211、 necessity forces it ever onwards.How is civilisation d e ve l o p e d?W h a t contributions can we make to society?Unit 3 read an anecdote about Archimedes;read about Yuan Longpings search for his dream;express admiration appropriately.Unit 3 learn about the invention of paper;learn about the devel
212、opment of civilisation;express excitement and pride properly.Unit 4Unit 4ChallengingYourself B enjoy the beauty of the Banaue Rice Terraces of the Philippines.ChallengingYourself BIn this theme,you will:38Theme B Man and CivilisationLooking AheadBy the end of this unit,you will be able to:introduce
213、the discovery of Archimedes principle;convey different meanings by using exclamation marks;write a passage about“china”by properly using the-ing form as the object;express admiration for Florence Nightingale;write an interesting anecdote of a person,a place or an incident;conduct an interview with P
214、rofessor Yuan Longping.38No great discovery was ever made without a bold guess.Isaac NewtonUnit 3Discovery and Innovationa lump of goldcrowngoldsmithArchimedesbathtub Reading Actively Activating and Predicting Work in pairs to understand the following laws or theories in physics.And match them with
215、the corresponding scientists.Study the following pictures and guess the meanings of the given words and expressions.Predict how a story is developed based on the pictures.Then read to check.Law or theoryScientist 1)Third law of motion:For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.A.Archim
216、edes 2)Law of buoyancy:A body that is submerged in a fluid is buoyed up by a force that is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.B.Einstein 3)Theory of relativity:Put your hand on a hot stove for a minute,and it seems like an hour.Sit with a pretty girl for an hour,and it seems like a minute.C.
217、NewtonUnit 3 Discovery and Innovation39 Reading,Thinking and AnalysingEurekaThere was once a king of Syracuse whose name was Hiero.The country over which he ruled was quite small,but for that very reason he wanted to wear the biggest crown in the world.So he called in a famous goldsmith,who was skil
218、lful in all kinds of fi ne work,and gave him ten pounds of pure gold.“Take this,”he said,“and fashion it into a crown that shall make every other king want it for his own.Be sure that you put into it every grain of the gold I give you,and do not mix any other metal with it.”“It shall be as you wish,
219、”said the goldsmith.“Here I receive from you ten pounds of pure gold;within ninety days,I will return to you the fi nished crown which shall be of exactly the same weight.”Ninety days later,true to his word,the goldsmith brought the crown.It was a beautiful piece of work,and all who saw it said that
220、 it had not its equal in the world.When King Hiero put it on his head,it felt very uncomfortable,but he did not mindhe was sure that no other king had so fi ne a headpiece.After he had admired it,he weighed it on his own scales.It was exactly as heavy as he had ordered.“You deserve great praise,”he
221、said to the goldsmith,“you have worked very skillfully and you have not lost a grain of my gold.”In the kings court,there was a very wise man whose name was Archimedes.When he was called in to admire the kings crown,he turned it over many times and examined it very closely.“Well,what do you think of
222、 it?”asked Hiero.“The workmanship is indeed very beautiful,”answered Archimedes,“but the gold.”“The gold is all there,”cried the king,“I weighed it on my own scales.”“True,”said Archimedes,“but it does not appear to have the same rich red colour that it had in the lump.It is not red at all,but a bri
223、lliant yellow,as you can plainly see.”“Most gold is yellow,”said Hiero,“but now that you speak of it,I do remember that when this was in the lump,it has a much richer colour.”“What if the goldsmith has kept a pound or two of the gold and made up the weight by adding brass or silver?”asked Archimedes
224、.“Oh,he could not do that,”said Hiero,“the gold has merely changed its colour in the working.”But the more he thought of the matter,the less pleased he was with the crown.At last,he said to Archimedes,“Is there any way to fi nd out Scale(n.)means_.A.a piece of equipmentB.the size of somethingBrillia
225、nt(adj.)means_.A.excellent B.very bright and strongFashion means _ here.40Theme B Man and CivilisationDisplace(vt.)means _.A.take the placeB.force something out of its usual placeEqual is a(n)_ here.A.adjectiveB.verbIt means _.say=for exampleEureka!means_.A.Ive found it!B.Great!whether that goldsmit
226、h really cheated me,or whether he honestly gave me back my gold?”“I know of no way,”was the answer.But Archimedes was not the man to say that anything was impossible.He took great delight in working out hard problems,and when any question puzzled him,he would keep studying until he found some sort o
227、f answer to it.And so,day after day,he thought about the gold and tried to fi nd some way in which it could be tested without doing harm to the crown.One morning,with the problem in his head while he was having a bath,the great bathtub was full to the very edge,and as he stepped into it a quantity o
228、f water fl owed out upon the stone fl oor.A similar thing had happened a hundred times before,but this was the first time that Archimedes had thought about it.In a flash,Archimedes realised the relation between the water that overfl ew and the weight of his body.“How much water did I displace by get
229、ting into the bathtub?”he asked himself.“Anybody can see that I displaced a volume of water equal to the volume of my body.A man half my size would displace half as much.”“Now suppose,instead of putting myself into the bathtub,I had put Hieros crown into it,it would have displaced a volume of water
230、equal to its own volume.Ah,let me see!Gold is much heavier than silver.Ten pounds of pure gold will not make so great a volume as say seven pounds of pure gold mixed with three pounds of silver.If Hieros crown is pure gold it will displace the same volumeof water as any other ten pounds of pure gold
231、.But if it is part gold and part silver it will displace a larger volume.I have it at last!Eureka!Eureka!”Forgetful of everything else,he leaped from the bath.Without stopping to dress himself,he ran through the streets to the kings palace shouting,“Eureka!Eureka!Eureka!”The crown was tested.It was
232、found to displace much more water than what ten pounds of pure gold displaced.The guilt of the goldsmith was proved beyond doubt.Eureka!Unit 3 Discovery and Innovation41 Comprehending,Integrating and Creating Read the text and complete the development of the storyline.Try to understand the following
233、 sentences,especially the coloured parts and complete the below table.Then work in groups to share your ideas and discuss the questions.1)Do you think that the discovery of Archimedes principle is a coincidence?Why do you think so?2)Do you believe“Nothing is impossible”?Why or Why not?Can you use yo
234、ur own experience to illustrate it?3)What is a very“wise”man like?Do you think you are a wise boy/girl?Sentence from the textMeaning in the textSupporting detailfrom the textIn the kings court,there was a very wise man whose name was Archimedes.But Archimedes was not the man to say that anything was
235、 impossible.In a flash,Archimedes realised the relation between the water that fell out and the weight of his body.ClimaxA discovery in .Rising actionAttempting to solvethe puzzle.BeginningMaking a goldenfor the king.Falling actionReporting the.EndingProving the of the goldsmith.Confl ictingBeing co
236、mpleteor not?42Theme B Man and Civilisation Based on Activity 1 and your discussion,work in groups to retell the story.Work in groups to illustrate the phenomenon presented by the picture with the words in the box.Then give more examples of phenomena of Archimedes principle in our daily lives.Other
237、common phenomena:Do the activity by following the steps below.Step 1 Archimedes made the word“Eureka”very popular.Read the dictionary entry and fi nd out the origin of the word.Step 2 After reading the story of Archimedes“moment of Eureka”,the happy moment of sudden inspiration or discovery,list the
238、“Eureka moments”for some great sudden discoveries.Step 3 Have you had a“Eureka moment”?Share your stories in groups.Step 4 Discuss in groups how the“Eureka moment”comes about.Is it the result only of a chance discovery or of previous efforts?PeopleEureka moment of discovery Archimedes Newton Alexand
239、er Fleming .object ship needledisplace weight equalsink fl oatUnit 3 Discovery and Innovation43Exploring and Using Language Feature Underline the following lexical chunks in the text and try to understand their meanings.Then use their appropriate forms to complete the sentences below.1)The volunteer
240、s helping and caring the children.2)You must the time that you have wasted this afternoon by working late tonight.3)The answer came to me .4)It is proved that the earth is becoming warmer.5)The rest of the days are yours to do .6)The plot is very complicated,so it will take you a while to it .7)I ra
241、n the valley,trying to escape from the enemies.8)They asked him to leave.,he was fi red.Study the following sentences from the text and discuss why the exclamation marks are used.Then write your own sentences by using exclamation marks.1)(strong feelings)2)(shouting)3)(warning)Grammar LinkThe-ing Fo
242、rm as the ObjectUnderstanding the meaningRead the following passage and pay special attention to the coloured parts.Try to fi nd out how the-ing form is used.The King,Hiero,was very happy and excited when the goldsmith had finished in other words as you wish take delight in in a fl ashwork out to th
243、e edge of beyond doubt make up1)Ah,let me see!2)I have it at last!3)Eureka!Eureka!The exclamation mark is a punctuation mark which is usually used after an interjection or exclamation to indicate 1)strong feelings;2)shouting;3)warning.TIP44Theme B Man and Civilisationmaking the beautiful crown.He pu
244、t it on his head,though it didnt seem so comfortable and satisfying.The king enjoyed putting on the biggest crown in the world that weighed ten pounds of pure gold.Then the king called in Archimedes,a wise man in the court,to admire the crown.When he saw the colour of the crown,Archimedes couldnt he
245、lp doubting whether the goldsmith had kept some gold and made up the weight by adding brass or silver.Archimedes was a person who took great delight in working out hard problems.So,in order to fi nd out the truth,Archimedes kept thinking and studying.One day,while he was having a bath,the answer cam
246、e into his mind.The goldsmith fi nally proved guilty and couldnt deny taking out some gold from the ten pounds.Discovering the rule Study the following examples to fi nd out how the-ing form is used.Then share your ideas with a partner.Example linking verb the predicative 1)He put it on his head,but
247、 it didnt seem so comfortable and satisfying.transitive verb2)So in order to fi nd out the truth,Archimedes kept thinking and studying.object Work in groups to complete the table below.Example sentenceFormFunction1)I am considering joining a sport club.2)Please stop smoking in the classroom.+v.-inga
248、ctive1)Susan is fond of cooking.2)I am used to living in the countryside.+v.-ing1)This house needed cleaning.2)The walls want painting.v.(/require)+v.-ingUnit 3 Discovery and Innovation45Now tick the words and expressions which may be followed by the object with the-ing form.Then use some of them to
249、 make sentences.Applying the rule Reread the passage in Understanding the meaning and use the rules to analyse the coloured parts.Complete the following dialogue by using the appropriate form of each given word.Then identify the-ing form which is used as the object.Jimmy:Hi,Xiaohua.Have you fi nishe
250、d (read)the book (introduce)Chinese civilisation?Xiaohua:Yes.You know,the book is so (interest),and I cant help (admire)our ancestors while _(read)it.Jimmy:Oh,really?Do you mind (lend)it to me?I am keen on _(get)to know more about Chinese culture and civilisation.Xiaohua:Of course not.You may have d
251、iffi culty in (understand)some of the contents.Keep on (read)it and I would be glad to help you at any moment.You may fi nd that it is a great chance for you to learn about Chinese culture.Jimmy:Thats awesome!I am looking forward to (read)the book as soon as possible.Look at the picture and write a
252、passage based on it.Use the-ing form as the object.The words and expressions in the box in Discovering the rule may help you.admit avoid fi nish imagine deny likemind practise suggest appreciate give up look forward to keep on be busy in feel like insist on have diffi culty inchina46Theme B Man and
253、Civilisationa celebrated British social reformer the founder of modern nursingwas born in the city of Florence received a well-rounded educationhelped British soldiers wounded in the Crimean Wargot the nickname“The Lady of the Lamp”Name Florence NightingaleIdentity a social reformer and the of moder
254、n nursingNationalityBirthplace Florence,ItalyCareer in nursing started at her Nickname The Lady of the I admire her I have great admiration for her Im full of admiration for her because she She is really my role modelIm very impressed byWhat a woman she was!How she was!Listening,Understanding and Co
255、mmunicatingExpressing Admiration Study the following information and predict whom it is about.Then listen to check your prediction.Listen again and complete the table.Listen for the third time and tick her contributions that are mentioned.A.She went to Thailand to help the wounded British soldiers.B
256、.She improved the conditions in hospital.C.She improved hospital care and nursing.D.She started a well-rounded education.E.She established nursing training schools.F.She helped get nursing accepted as a recognised profession.Work in groups to express your admiration to Florence Nightingale.Unit 3 Di
257、scovery and Innovation47Reading,Speaking and WritingWriting an Anecdote Read the following information and learn what is an anecdote and how it is written.An anecdote is a short,interesting or amusing story about a real person or event,intended to illustrate or support some points in an essay,articl
258、e,or chapter of a book.Anecdotes can be true or imagined.They can be based on your own personal experience or that of someone else.They are usually dramatic,and colourful with accurate descriptions.The text“Eureka”is a good example of an anecdote which is intended to show how excited Archimedes was
259、when he made the chance discovery and how wise and persistent he was.Choose one topic to write an anecdote and note down the main information.Write your anecdote by following the steps below.Share your anecdote in your group and recommend the funniest one to share in class.An absent-minded scientist
260、/professor A foolish thief A warm-hearted friend A forgetful mother.Step 1 Setting the sceneStep 2Describing the eventsStep 3Giving an endingWhen was young A long time ago When I was I remember when This happened to me when Suddenly/All of a sudden At fi rst Then Next After that;Afterwards At that m
261、oment Luckily Fortunately/Unfortunately In the end.Finally Eventually 48Theme B Man and CivilisationReading Further Getting Ready Look at the pictures and guess what they are mainly about.Work in pairs to predict what the dream of Yuan Longping may be about.Read the following statements and tick you
262、r prediction.Then skim the passage to check.1)I dream of growing rice plants as tall as Chinese sorghum.2)I have a dream of growing rice as large as peanuts.3)I dream that one day there would be no famine in China.4)I dream of curing famine with my knowledge of medicine.5)I hope that I can increase
263、the output of rice per mu to 1,000 kilograms per day.6)I have a dream of solving the hunger problems for a large population.7)I dream of growing seawater rice for full commercial production in the near future.ReadingA Person Who Never Stops Dreaming“I saw rice plants as tall as Chinese sorghum,each
264、ear of rice as big as a broom and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut.I could hide in the shadow of the rice crops with a friend.”This is a famous dream of the agricultural scientist Yuan Longping.Known as“the Father of Hybrid Rice”,Yuan Longping is one of the most important scientists in contemp
265、orary China.Having spent over 60 years on agricultural research,he has made a great contribution to solving the problem of feeding the large population of China.Yuan Longpings interest in agriculture began when he was still in primary school.Although his parents wished him to study science or medici
266、ne,Yuan Longping chose to study agriculture at university.During the period from the late 1950s to the early 1960s,China suffered from a nationwide famine.The tragic scene left a lasting impression on Yuan Longping,and he decided to make an effort to ensure that people in the future would have enoug
267、h food to eat.Since then,he has devoted himself to the research and development of a better rice breed.rice plantsgrains of riceChinese sorghumpeanuts I dream of growingrice plants.Unit 3 Discovery and Innovation49Yuan Longpings research was not supported in the beginning.Many experts doubted his th
268、eory and did not believe he would succeed.After several years of study and research of more than 6,000 rice plants in the fi eld,in 1964,Yuan Longping fi nally found a natural hybrid rice plant that had obvious advantages over others.After over a decade of effort,Yuans group developed the first high
269、-yielding hybrid rice variety in 1974,putting China in the lead in worldwide rice production.In 1981,Yuan Longping won the first Special-class National Invention Prize in China.In 1987,he was awarded the UNESCO Science Prize.He also received the First State Supreme Science and Technology Award in 20
270、01,the World Food Prize and the Wolf Prize in Agriculture in 2004,as well as the Special-class National Science and Technology Award in 2014.Faced with the flood of honours,Yuan Longping did not stop dreaming.In 2017,a new world record of the average output of 1,149.02 kilograms of rice per mu of fa
271、rmland has been set by Yuan Longping,which means another dream of Yuan Longping has come true achieving 1,000 kilograms of rice per mu.In 2019,he was awarded the Medal of the Republic,the highest honour in China.At the age of 90,he was still pursuing his dream.In 2020,hybrid rice developed by his te
272、am achieved 1,500 kilograms per mu in two growing seasons,a new world record.In the same year,his team started to grow seawater rice on a farm to try to revolutionise rice planting.He always dreams that hybrid rice can be grown all over the world.So far,his hybrid rice has been grown extensively in
273、over 40 countries and is attracting attention from the whole world,especially in areas at risk of famine.“My dream is simple,”he said.However,his so-called“simple”dreams have made a huge difference by solving the hunger problem for millions of people.Now,the great scientist has fallen asleep.In his
274、sweet dream,the ear of rice is longer than a broom,and the grain of rice is bigger than a peanut.The wind blows gently,and he is enjoying the cool under the rice crops taller than men.Comprehending Read the passage and put the following events in order on the timeline.Then retell the story based on
275、it.A.Yuan Longping was awarded the UNESCO Science Prize.B.Yuan Longping was determined to develop a better rice breed to support people.C.Yuan Longping set a new world record for the average output of rice per mu of farmland at more than 1,000 kilograms.D.The Chinese people suffered from a severe fo
276、od shortage.E.Yuan Longping found a better natural hybrid rice plant.F.Yuan Longping developed his interest in agriculture.50Theme B Man and CivilisationG.With the efforts of Yuans group,China led the world in rice production.H.Yuan Longping established a further goal to develop seawater rice for fu
277、ll commercial production.Work in groups to discuss the following questions.1)What is the significance of Yuan Longpings dreams and contributions to Chinese people?2)Without Yuan Longpings achievements,what might have happened to China or the Chinese people?3)What can we young people learn from Yuan
278、Longping and his dreams?Work in pairs to conduct an interview.Self-assessingRefl ect on your learning in this unit and rate each of the items according to the following rating scales.Then decide what you should do for further progress.5=Exceeding expectations 4=Meeting expectations 3=Approaching exp
279、ectations2=Partially meeting expectations 1=Not meeting expectationsItemRatingImprovement I can introduce the discovery of Archimedes principle.I can use exclamation marks to convey different meanings.I can write a passage about“china”by using the-ing form as the object.I can express my admiration f
280、or Florence Nightingale.I can write an interesting anecdote of a person,a place or an incident.I can conduct an interview with Professor Yuan Longping.Welcome,Professor Yuan Longping!It is an honour to have you in our interview!Role A:A host/hostess of a live TV show,“The Infl uential People in Chin
281、a”.Role B:Professor Yuan Longping.Role A may use some expressions of admiration and ask some questions about Professor Yuans life and research.Role B should be familiar with the information given in the text or from other sources.TIPYou may ask the following questions.1)What were your dreams?2)What
282、inspired you to have that dream?3)Have your dreams come true?.Answer the questions based on the information you have gained from the text.Unit 4 Invention and CivilisationReading Actively Activating and Predicting Look at the following picture and describe what these people are doing with the help o
283、f the given words and expressions.Then predict what they are making.Tick the things which our ancestors once used to write on and then read the text to check.()stones()bones()tortoise shells()skins()silk()bronze objects()wooden and bamboo stripsLooking AheadBy the end of this unit,you will be able t
284、o:talk about the invention of paper and its great infl uence;introduce the invention of paper by using paraphrasing;use the past continuous passive voice to write about China Daily;express excitement and pride in given situations;write a lab report based on an experiment you have done;introduce a gr
285、eat invention or discovery by integrating the information you have gained.Our civilisation depends largely on paper.Pliny the ElderUnit 4Invention and Civilisation1)cut.into.2)soak3)pound.into a paste or pulp4)dry.5152Theme B Man and CivilisationInvention of PaperImagine a world without paper!There
286、would be no books,no newspapers,nothing on which to write.But,wait!Our ancestors did manage to write without paper.How did they do so?You may know that people of the Shang Dynasty,some 3,000 years ago,used animal bones and tortoise shells as a sort of“paper”.They kept records by inscribing character
287、s on those materials.The inscribed bones are known today as oracle bones.Apart from some ceremonies in which they were used,oracle bones also record historical events,royal activities,information about natural phenomena and farming techniques.They are the earliest historical documents so far discove
288、red in China and give us the only clear idea we can have about Chinese civilisation in that remote period.Later,during the succeeding Zhou Dynasty,characters were cast on bronze objects such as bells and cooking vessels.This,too,was an attempt at permanent record keeping.These inscriptions are known
289、 as Zhongdingwen or“metal inscriptions”.You can find them in almost every temple and museum in China today.This sort of“paper”was really expensive,however.First,it required a great deal of metal,which was at that time rare and costly.Besides,writing on such“paper”was a very complicated process.So th
290、is practice was not very practical for ordinary people.Then,around 600 B.C.E.,wooden and bamboo strips became a writing medium.People wrote by carving words on such strips known as“inscribed bamboo”or“wooden strips”.The strips were then strung together with strings to form books.You can imagine how
291、hard it must have been to carve characters on wood and bamboo strips and how cumbersome the resulting books were.A single book might weigh hundreds,even thousands,of kilograms.Qin Shi Huang was said to start his day by reading official accounts on such strips weighing up to 50 kilograms.To lighten t
292、heir reading material,people eventually began to write on silk,using the newly invented brush and ink.But silk was too expensive to be used often.In the Eastern Han Dynasty,students and scholars were in urgent need of something cheaper and more convenient to write on.A court offi cial named Cai Lun
293、was determined to develop a new and better writing material.He used bark,Reading,Thinking and AnalysingPermanent here means .A.lasting foreverB.very clearcooking vesseloracle boneGuess the meaning ofinscribe from the context.inscribed bambooCumbersomehere means .A.uglyB.heavyGuess the meaning of in
294、urgent need of from the context.Unit 4 Invention and Civilisation53hemp,rags and old fi shing nets as possible ingredients.First,he cut all his raw materials into small pieces and then pounded them into a paste or pulp.This thin layer of pulp was then dried on a piece of fi ne cloth.When it dried co
295、mpletely,it was paper.It was thin and light,inexpensive to make and quite durable.In the year 105 C.E.,Cai Lun reported his accomplishment to the emperor and his method was soon introduced to all parts of the country.After the third century C.E.,paper was in widespread use in China and the technique
296、s for making it spread to other parts of the world,fi rst to east and south Asia and later to the West.Comprehending,Integrating and Creating Skim the text and put the following events in the correct order.A.People wrote by carving words on wooden and bamboo strips.B.People began to write on silk,us
297、ing the newly invented brush and ink.C.Paper was widely used in China and spread to other parts of the world.D.People kept records by inscribing words on animal bones and tortoise shells.E.Bark,hemp,rags and old fi shing nets were used as possible ingredients to make paper.F.People cast Chinese char
298、acters on bronze objects.The correct order:Read the text again to complete the following table,and then work in groups to check your answers.TimeThings used as ormade into paperWhat wecall themAdvantages ordisadvantagesImportanceShangDynasty and the so far discoveredbronze objectssuch as and Zhongdi
299、ngwenor 1)requiring a lot of metal2)process for writing3)for ordinary people600 B.C.E.strips or 1)to carve characters on the strips2)very silk to be used oftenhaving lightened Han Dynasty and paper and light,to make andquite Pulp means .Introduce here means in Chinese.Hemp refers to a plant for maki
300、ng ropes.54Theme B Man and Civilisation Complete the fl ow chart about the process of Cai Luns paper-making.Which skills have you applied while reading?Underline them in the above TIP box.Based on the previous activities,work in groups to describe the invention of paper by following the given sequen
301、ce.How to Describe an Invention What it is How useful it is Who invented it When it was invented How it was invented What advantages(or disadvantages)it has What its signifi cance is Do the activity by following the steps below.Step 1 Read the passage“The Spread of Paper”in Reading Box on our websit
302、e and complete the table below.Collect raw materials such as into into to let it ,we get paper.To read more efficiently,we should develop a lot of reading skills such as skimming,scanning,prediction,distinguishing opinions from facts,guessing the meanings of unknown words,inferring,distinguishing ma
303、jor details from minor ones,making use of charts and diagrams,understanding the logical clues,identifying the authors intentions,giving our comments,etc.TIPPlaceThe infl uence of the invention of paper In ChinaNo printed newspaper would be produced without paper.In Korea In India In Northern Africa
304、In Europe(Spain)In Germany In North AmericaMy conclusion:Unit 4 Invention and Civilisation55 Step 2 Share your fi ndings in groups.Step 3 Discuss in groups what each of the following pictures suggests.Step 4 Fill in the following blanks and discuss“a paperless era”.A Paperless Era Your opinion:A pap
305、erless era is (possible,impossible,necessary,unnecessary).The reasons:What it is like:The advantages:The disadvantages:Step 5 Choose one member of your group to report to the whole class.Exploring and Using Language Feature Study the underlined parts and guess the meanings of the coloured words by u
306、sing the techniques in the box.Then put the corresponding letters on the lines before the sentences.1)You may know that people of the Shang Dynasty some 3,000 years ago used animal bones and tortoise shells as a sort of“paper”.2)The inscribed bones are known today as oracle bones.3)Later,during the
307、succeeding Zhou Dynasty,characters were cast on bronze objects such as bells and cooking vessels.4)People wrote by carving words on such strips,known as“inscribed bamboo”or“wooden strips”.5)He used bark,hemp,rags and old fi shing nets as possible ingredients.6)First,he cut all his raw materials into
308、 small pieces and then pounded them into a paste or pulp.A.giving a defi nition B.giving examples C.listing closely related itemsD.using“and”to show they have similar meaningsE.using“or”to show they can be called in different ways56Theme B Man and Civilisation Study the following sentences from the
309、text and underline the words or expressions which may express the same idea.1)They kept records by inscribing words on those materials.2)Later,during the succeeding Zhou Dynasty,characters were cast on bronze objects such as bells and cooking vessels.3)This,too,was an attempt at permanent record kee
310、ping.4)Then,around 600 B.C.E.,wooden and bamboo strips became a writing medium.5)People wrote by carving words on such strips known as“inscribed bamboo”or“wooden strips”.6)To lighten their reading material,people eventually began to write on silk.The common idea they express is .Now write a brief in
311、troduction to the history of the invention of paper,using the words you have underlined as much as possible.Grammar LinkThe Past Continuous Passive VoiceUnderstanding the meaningRead the following passage and pay special attention to the coloured parts.Try to identify the differences between the blu
312、e parts and the red ones.People in China began to keep records about 3,000 years ago.During the Shang Dynasty,animal bones and tortoise shells were being used as a sort of“paper”.Then the attempt at keeping permanent records was made generation after generation by the Chinese people.For example,arou
313、nd 600 B.C.E.wooden and bamboo strips were used as a writing medium.Words were being carved on such strips during that time.Later,to lighten the reading material,silk was used as“paper”,but it was too expensive.In the Eastern Han Dynasty,something cheaper and more convenient was really needed then.T
314、herefore,paper was finally invented by a court official named Cai Lun.After the 3rd century C.E.,paper was widely used in China.Since then,the techniques for making paper have been spread to other parts of the world.Nowadays,with the growing popularity of the Internet,less and less paper is being us
315、ed.The technique of paraphrasing means expressing the meaning by using different words or expressions in order to avoid repetition.TIPIf the writer thinks that average readers may have diffi culty in understanding a word or term,he may use some techniques to give more information or hints to help th
316、e readers to understand it.TIPUnit 4 Invention and Civilisation57Discovering the rule Study the following examples to fi nd out how the past continuous passive voice is used.Then share your ideas with your partner.Example Work in groups to complete the table below.Applying the rule Reread the passag
317、e in Understanding the meaning and use the rules to analyse the coloured parts.Example sentenceStructureMeaning1)Another library was being built then.2)Our classrooms and labs were being cleaned at that time.was/were+Something was(not)taking place at a certain time point or during a period in the .1
318、)The report was not being written by Jane then.2)Those trees were not being planted at this time yesterday.was/were+being donethe simple past tensepast600 B.C.E.nowfuturepastnowfutureDuring the Shang Dynasty,animal bones and tortoise shells were being used as a sort of“paper”.the past continuous ten
319、seFor example,around 600 B.C.E.wooden and bamboo strips were used as a writing medium.the Shang Dynasty58Theme B Man and Civilisation Complete the following passage by using the appropriate passive forms of the verbs in the box.Some may be used more than once.Chinese CharactersThe Chinese began writ
320、ing their language over 3,000 years ago.Their way of writing is very different from that of English writing.It in characters.A character as if a picture at that time.For example,the character for“sun”like a circle with a dot in the centre.And the character for“man”like a body with two legs.As time w
321、ent on,Chinese characters .The meanings of some characters cannot just by looking at them.At the same time,new characters and many became different in meaning from their shapes.Now the Chinese language greatly.Chinese by more and more people outside China.We believe that Chinese characters will by m
322、ore and more people in the future.Write a short passage about China Daily,using the information in the chart below and the passive voice in different tenses.China Dailyestablished,1981;sells,over 200,000 copies per issueChina Daily(the Digital Edition)produced,1995China Daily Hong KongEditionlaunche
323、d,6 October,1997China Daily U.S.Edition published,2010;circulates,150,000 copieswrite invent change draw tell develop learnUnit 4 Invention and Civilisation59Listening,Understanding and CommunicatingExpressing Excitement and Pride Look at the following pictures and expressions and predict which one
324、of the following great inventions will be talked about in the following conversation.Then listen to check your prediction.Listen again and decide whether each of the following statements is true(T)or false(F).Then underline the wrong parts in the false ones.1)David attended a lecture on Chinese hist
325、ory and its development.2)According to the lecturer,the Four Great Chinese Inventions are the great contributions made by the Chinese people to the worlds civilisations.3)Lily was extremely interested in the invention of paper.4)Movable type printing was invented as early as the 7th century.5)Movabl
326、e type printing,invented by Bi Sheng,had a great impact as soon as it was invented.6)The infl uence of movable type printing was far-reaching because it solved all the previous problems in the printing process.7)Lily was proud of those great inventions in Chinese history,and so was David.Listen for
327、the third time and fi ll in the blanks.1)Professor Smith gave a(n)in the hall.In his lecture,he introduced the,the as well as the of the Four Great Inventions of China.He said that they were the great of the Chinese people to.2)Lily was especially interested in.She got to know that carved printing w
328、as invented by Chinese people in the Dynasty.And by the end of the century,a man called Bi Sheng movable type printing,which had a far-reaching.Our modern printing mainly from it.And the world has been greatly by paper and printing.With the invention of paper,convenient became possible and with the
329、development of printing,knowledge became to all people.fi xed-type carve a model revise errors around 600 C.E.movable type Chinese characterstype-setting technique by the end of the 11th century C.E.60Theme B Man and Civilisation Work in pairs to express your excitement and pride based on the follow
330、ing situations,using some of the sentence structures provided for you.Expressing excitementExpressing pride1)Its wonderful!2)I am so excited(about sth.)!3)Really?Fantastic!4)Dont you think its great/wonderful?1)I feel so proud to.2)Its my honour.3)I take pride in.4)Im(really)proud of.Situation 1A:Te
331、ll B that he/she has got the scholarship this year.B:Express your great excitement and joy.A:Congratulate your friend.Situation 2A:Tell B you are very proud of your class basketball team,which has won the championship in the school basketball match.B:Show your agreement.Reading,Speaking and WritingW
332、riting a Lab Report Go over a lab report from your science classes which you have written or read.Discuss with a partner what elements a lab report should cover and complete the mind map.Read the following passage to check your ideas.A lab report describes an entire experiment from start to finish,o
333、utlining the procedures,reporting results,and analysing data.The report is used to demonstrate what has been done and what has been learned,and it will provide a way for other people to see your process for the experiment and understand how you have arrived at your conclusions.Generally,a lab report
334、 is structured as follows:Introduction/Purpose:The introduction states the problem and purpose of the experiment and introduces the research question.Methods and Materials:This part gives a detailed explanation of how the experiment was conducted and the materials were used.You write it as if you we
335、re giving direction for someone else to do the experiment.Data:This will include all the data collected in the forms of charts,tables,drawings,diagrams,and/or graphs to explain or demonstrate your observations in the lab.A lab reportUnit 4 Invention and Civilisation61Results and Discussion:Results a
336、re the information that you get from the experiment.They are usually dominated by calculations,tables and fi gures.However,you still need to state all the signifi cant results explicitly in verbal form.Then you explain,analyse and interpret the results to show that you understand the experiment beyo
337、nd the simple level of completing it.Conclusions:Conclusions are what you decide when you have thought about all the results connected with the situation.They are integral parts of the report.In this section,you need to restate the experiments main fi ndings and give the reader an overview of the la
338、b trial.Choose one experiment you have done in your chemistry or physics or biology class and fill in the blanks below.Tit Write the lab report on this experiment.Then share it in groups.Reading Further Getting Ready Complete the following mind map and then share your ideas with a partner.Tick the i
339、nventions and discoveries which you think are important in the process of human civilisation.Then skim the following passage to check.ReadingDevelopment of CivilisationThe fi rst two stages in the development of civilisation were probably the invention of primitive weapons and the discovery of fi re
340、,although nobody knows when the use of the latter was acquired.civilisationfi re language agriculture writing printing cooking tools computers the Internet television primitive weapons training and feeding of wild animals Title:Purpose:Materials&Equipment:Procedures:Data:Results&Discussion:Conclusio
341、n:62Theme B Man and CivilisationThe origin of language is also unclear.No doubt it began very gradually.Animals have a few cries that serve as signals,but even the highest apes have not been able to pronounce words after some professional instruction.The superior brain possessed by humans is apparen
342、tly necessary for the mastering of speech.When humans became intelligent enough,we must suppose that they gradually increased the number of cries for different purposes.It was a great day when it was discovered that speech could be used for narrative.There are those who think that in this respect pi
343、cture language developed before oral language.People could draw a picture on the wall of their caves to show the direction in which they had gone,or what animals they hoped to catch.Probably picture language and oral language developed side by side.I am inclined to think that language has been the m
344、ost important single factor in human development.Two important stages came not so long before the dawn of written history.The fi rst was the training and feeding of wild animals;the second was agriculture.Agriculture was a step in human progress with which there was nothing to compare until our own
345、machine age.Agriculture made possible a great increase in the population in the areas where it could be successfully practised.These were,at fi rst,only those in which nature enriched the soil after each harvest.Agriculture met with violent resistance from the people who lived a moving life on the g
346、rassland,but the agricultural way of life became popular in the end because of the physical comforts it provided.Another fundamental technical advance was writing,which,like spoken language,developed out of pictures,but as soon as it had reached a certain stage,it was possible to keep records and se
347、nd information to people who were not present when the information was given.These inventions and discoveriesfi re,speech,weapons,domestic animals agriculture,and writingmade the existence of civilised society possible.From about 3,000 B.C.E.until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution,less than
348、 two hundred years ago,there was no technical advancement that could be compared with these.During this long period people had enough time to become accustomed to these techniques,and to develop the beliefs and political organisations appropriate to them.There was,of course,a large extension in the
349、area of civilised life.At the end of this long period,civilisation had spread across much of the inhabitable parts of the globe.I do not mean to suggest that there was no technical progress during this long time.There was progressthere were even two very important inventions.One was gunpowder and th
350、e other was the sailors compassbut neither of these can be compared in their revolutionary power to such things as speech,writing and agriculture.Comprehending Work in groups to complete the table.Then give your comments.StageInvention or discoveryUseYour comment1)primitive weapons2)fi re3)for narra
351、tive4)agriculture5)for keeping records and sending informationUnit 4 Invention and Civilisation63Retell the development of civilisation in your own words according to the information listed in the table on Page 62.You may begin like this:There are several stages in the development of civilisation.Th
352、e fi rst stage is Read the following statements and decide whether they are true(T)or false(F).Correct the false one(s).1)In order to show in which direction he had gone in ancient times,a man had to make some gestures to show his friends without the help of words.2)Written history came not so long
353、before the domestication of animals and agriculture.3)Picture language and spoken language developed almost at the same time.4)Gunpowder can be taken as an important factor in the development of civilisation.5)The existence of civilised communities was made possible by all those inventions and disco
354、veries of ancient China.Choose one important invention or discovery that promotes the progress of civilisation today and write a short paragraph about it.Then share your paragraph with a partner.Self-assessingRefl ect on your learning in this unit and rate each of the items according to the followin
355、g rating scales.Then decide what you should do for further progress.5=Exceeding expectations 4=Meeting expectations 3=Approaching expectations2=Partially meeting expectations 1=Not meeting expectationsItemRatingImprovement I can talk about the invention of paper and its great infl uence.I can introd
356、uce the invention of paper using the method of paraphrasing.I can write sentences about China Daily or other publications by using the past continuous passive voice.I can express excitement and pride in given situations.I can write a lab report based on an experiment I have done.I can integrate the
357、information I have gained to introduce a great invention or discovery.The invention I want to introduce isYou may write by imitating the structure of the passage in the text,including giving the information of its use,significance,how it was invented or discovered,and your comments on it.TIPTheme B
358、Man and CivilisationLooking AheadAfter completing this project,you will be able to:predict the main idea of an article with the help of some key expressions;infer the authors writing purpose by identifying his arrangement of information;compare and contrast rice terraces in China and abroad;clarify
359、your viewpoint on the maintenance of rice terraces by using examples,comparisons and contrasts,etc.;refl ect on the application of verbal and non-verbal communication in this theme.Heritage is our legacy from the past,what we live with today,and what we pass on to future generations.UNESCO World Her
360、itageHeritage is our legacy from the past,what we live with today,Heritage is our legacy from the past,what we live with today,Self-directedLearning Project Challenging Yourself BRemarkable ContributionLearning Individually Look at the pictures and describe the rice terraces with the following expre
361、ssions.You may add your own expressions.Your own expressions:be carved from the hillside extend several thousand feet upwards mountain streams and springs great engineering feat of mankind6465Challenging Yourself B Remarkable Contribution Predict which of the following will be included in an article
362、 about Banaue Rice Terraces.Then read to check.history location form how they were built how they were irrigated how they were used honours and titles current situation status Reading and ThinkingThe Banaue Rice TerracesThe first step to learn about the future is to learn about the past.Discovering
363、the past begins with a step towards exploring the places we know as the wonders of the world.Youll learn about people and the time they lived in when you visit places like the Banaue Rice Terraces in Ifugao.The Banaue Rice Terraces of the Philippines have been called by locals“The Eighth Wonder of t
364、he World”.The stone walled rice terraces begin at the base of the mountain range and extend several thousand feet upwards.They were carved from the hillside by the tribespeople of Ifugao about 2,000-3,000 years ago.The tribespeople dug them out with their bare hands and some early methods.In doing s
365、o,they created steps in the hills to maximise the use of land space and plant their rice.These rice terraces are irrigated by means of mountain streams and springs that have been tapped and channelled into canals that run downhill through the rice terraces.The rice terraces are still used to this da
366、y.The terraces were built by means of primitive tools and are considered to be one of the greatest engineering feats of mankind.It is said that their length,if connected end to end,would encircle half of the globe or be ten times as long as the Great Wall of China.It was not until 1995 that the Bana
367、ue Rice Terraces were declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.Feat here means .A.a skill B.a great achievementWalled means in Chinese.Look Ifugao up in a dictionary.Guess the meaning of canal from the context.Mountain range means in Chinese.66Theme B Man and CivilisationThe rice terraces are like s
368、tepping stones stretching towards the sky.Some of them reach almost 5,000 feet in altitude and cover about 4,000 square miles of land.They are now beginning to show signs of erosion,however,and some of the terraces need maintenance.Many of the Ifugaos newer generations are migrating to nearby cities
369、 in search of better work opportunities as a result.All located in the Ifugao region,the Rice Terraces feature as one of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Sites or GIAHS and were acknowledged by the World Travel and Tour Council as one of the two green globe destinations in the Philippine
370、s.They also received an“International Historic Engineering Landmark Award”from the American Society of Civil Engineers.Analysing and Questioning Read the article and complete the following mind map about the Banaue Rice Terraces.The word altitude here means .A.heightB.lengthGuess the meaning of eros
371、ion from the context.Honours and titles:Local people:UNESCO:World Travel and Tour Council:American Society of Civil Engineers:Location:Building time:years agoSize:Length:Altitude:Area:Current situation:showing signs of needing Methods of irrigation:being irrigated by meansof and Building ways:using
372、,and primitive tools tobuild the terracesPurpose:maximising the useof to plantmore 67Challenging Yourself B Remarkable Contribution Read the article again and answer the following questions.1)What do the locals think of the Banaue Rice Terraces?2)Why have the Banaue Rice Terraces received so many ho
373、nours and titles?3)What problems are the rice terraces facing now and why?4)How do you understand the sentence“The fi rst step to learn about the future is to learn about the past in the fi rst paragraph?5)Where does the passage probably appear,in a diary,a local newspaper,a travel magazine or a nov
374、el?Why do you think so?Complete the following brief introduction to the Banaue Rice Terraces with the information you have gained.The Banaue Rice Terraces of are old terraces that are considered as .They were built by of Ifugao with and are still ,irrigated by means of .The steps in the hills were c
375、reated to .Some of the terraces can reach and cover about 4,000 square miles of land.However,has made the maintenance of the terraces necessary.Reflect on what you have learned from the article and write down the questions or problems for further group discussion in class.Question CornerLearning Coo
376、perativelyPhase 1 Sharing the individual work 1)Check and discuss your answers in Learning Individually and improve them.2)Come up with your questions or problems and work on them with your group members.Phase 2 Exploring further 1)Discuss the questions below.Question 1:What measures should be taken
377、 to protect the Banaue Rice Terraces?1)2).68Theme B Man and Civilisation Question 2:Are there any famous rice terraces in China?Search the Internet for further information and make a comparison between the Banaue Rice Terraces and those in China.2)Turn to your teacher for his/her comments and sugges
378、tions.Phase 3 Utilising resources 1)Watch The 100 Greatest Discoveries by the Discovery Channel and share your favourite ones.2)Read the biography of Yuan Longping to know more about him and the hybrid rice he has developed.3)Read some volumes of The Story of Civilisation by Will Durant and share yo
379、ur understanding with your partners.Learning Creatively Look at the following pictures and think about whether there is any relationship between them.Then listen to a dialogue on the phone to check your ideas and complete the information chart.From:To:Message:69Challenging Yourself B Remarkable Cont
380、ributionMosquitoes and the Nobel PrizeThis is the story of an exceptional scientist willing to risk her own life to fi nd a cure for malaria and bring it to the world,the story of Tu Youyou.In 1965,in the jungles of Vietnam,soldiers from both sides of a war found themselves fi ghting a third enemymo
381、squitoes.Tens of thousands were left incapacitated after being bitten by the malaria-carrying insects.At Beijings Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,39-year-old researcher Tu Youyou decided to scour hundreds of old manuscripts in search of ancient wisdom,a traditional herbal remedy that might form
382、the basis of a cure.With over 2,000 preparations to choose from,this was a daunting task.Despite the hardship,Tu never gave up hope that a cure was just around the corner.By this stage,she had tested almost two hundred compounds,with nothing to show for it.She continued to scour the ancient texts.Th
383、en,in a book written in the 4th century by Chinese scholar Ge Hong,she found a preparation that claimed to cure a malaria-like fever.“A handful of Qinghao immersed in two liters of water,wring out the juice and drink it all.”Artemisia was a plant Tu had tested before without success.Then she had an
384、idea:by heating the plant to extract the compound,she might have been damaging the drug in the process.Instead,she decided to extract it at a lower temperature,mimicking the original formula.She tested it on a cluster of malaria cells.Every single one was destroyed.But when the team tested the drug
385、on animals,the results were alarming.While some were cured,others were poisoned.Nobody could say whether the drug would be safe in humans.What happened next was a little unconventional scientifically.Tu was so convinced that the extract would work that she volunteered to test it on herself.Knowing w
386、hat was at stake,Tu went into hospital.And over several days,doctors gradually increased the dose.She took the extracts.She felt fi ne.But more importantly,they were monitoring her major organs including her heart,liver,and kidneys,and they were fi ne too.The test worked!Few people are brave enough
387、to risk their own lives in the hope of saving others.Tu was one of them.Like any new drugs,it took many years of refinement by Tu and her team before artemisinin could be rolled out worldwide.The fi rst tablets were approved in 1986 and in 1999 the World Health Organization added artemisinin to thei
388、r list of essential medicines.70Theme B Man and CivilisationThe means of non-verbal communication I have used:The ways to clarify my viewpoint:Since then,the number of deaths due to malaria has fallen by almost 50%with several countries eradicating the disease altogether.Tu dedicated her life to per
389、fecting the drug but continued to work in the shadows.Then forty years after the discovery,Tu was discovered by Louis and Sue in Washington.They wrote about her story in the journal Cell.And at the age of 84,she was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine.Tu still lives in Beijing,but she prefers to st
390、ay out of the spotlight.If you measure greatness in terms of the number of human lives saved,there is no doubt at all that Tu Youyou is one of the greatest scientists of all time.The drugs saved millions of peoples lives:people in some of the poorest communities on the planet and millions of childre
391、n.When it comes to science icons,there is no doubt at all that Tu Youyou is right up there.Do the following activities.1)Discuss in groups why Tu Youyou is entitled an exceptional scientist and what you can learn from her.2)Watch a video about Tu Youyou released by BBC and discuss why her story is c
392、onsidered an incredible one and she is recognised to be one of the greatest scientists of all time.Learning ReflectivelyReflect on what you have learned by referring back to Guiding Page and Looking Ahead in Theme B.Write down your discoveries.1)Did I use any means of non-verbal communication in gro
393、up discussion?How did they work?2)Did I try to clarify my viewpoint by using such ways as repetition,clarifi cation,exemplifi cation,etc.?How did they work?Theme CScience and Technology The rapid development of science and technology has brought great changes to human life.We are enjoying the great
394、benefi ts it has brought to make our life simpler,easier and better.Like a double-edged sword,however,science and technology can also lead to unexpected problems.We should therefore regulate our actions and apply science and technology in a proper way.Have you ever experienced the technologies of VR
395、 and AI?How can we benefi t from them?Unit 5 read a passage to have a close look at virtual reality(VR);know more about VR in the field of language education;talk about the invention of VR.Unit 5Unit 5 get to know the robot Sophia and the artificial intelligence(AI)behind her;read a passage to learn
396、 more about AI;discuss the relationship between humans and AI.Unit 6Unit 6 enjoy a high-tech show presented by China.ChallengingYourself CIn this theme,you will:Theme C Science and Technology72Looking AheadBy the end of this unit,you will be able to:introduce the development of virtual reality and i
397、dentify its advantages and disadvantages;use supporting ideas to develop an argumentative paragraph effectively;convert the information in a chart into written sentences by using the past perfect passive voice;elaborate on the details in a conversation;write an argumentative essay on the application
398、 of VR;talk about language learning in virtual reality.Theres a lot of“reality”in the virtual,and a lot of“virtual”in our reality.AnonymousUnit 5VR and Our LifeReading Actively Activating and Predicting Look at the following picture and answer the questions with a partner.Tick the things which you t
399、hink you can do with the help of this technology.Then read the fi rst paragraph to check.Singing onstage together with one of your favourite pop singers Running an Olympic 100 metres Exploring Mars in a spaceship Saving the world with cartoon superheroes Playing football in the World Cup721)What is
400、the woman wearing over her head and holding in her hands?2)With these devices,what can the woman do?3)What do we call this kind of technology?Unit 5 VR and Our Life73 Reading,Thinking and AnalysingHave You Ever Wanted to.?Have you ever wanted to sing onstage with Taylor Swift,run an Olympic 100 metr
401、es,go to Mars,or save the world with the Avengers?With the rise of virtual reality,you might be able to do all these thingsand many morewithout even leaving your home.Unlike real reality,virtual reality means completely imaginary worlds,using high-performance computers and special glasses and gloves
402、.Virtual Reality(VR)has been with us for many decadesat least as an idea.Although its hard to identify the father of this amazing technology,history suggests that it could have been the fruit of not one but five key people.First,Morton Heilig introduced users to 3D films.Then,theres Jaron Lanier,the
403、 first person to use the term“Virtual Reality”.Douglas Engelbart invented the computer mouse.Ivan Sutherland is the inventor of the fi rst HMD and Myron Krueger,the audio wiz.Thanks to these inventors,the technology has now come of age.Users can virtually experience things they could only dream of.V
404、irtual reality is changing the way we communicate experiences in the same way the Internet has changed the way we communicate information.Indeed,VR has become a worldwide reality,with a variety of applications from computer games to medicine,engineering,scientific research,and so on.For example,medi
405、cal learners are able to be trained through VR in order to deal with all kinds of injuries.Designers can check every corner of their buildings and make preparations long before actual construction.If you want to show others what its like to cook a meal,you can invite them to your virtual apartment a
406、nd take them through a virtual cooking class.And if you are heading to Mars,a trip in virtual reality can help you“see”what you will fi nd when you get there.One recent example was a doctor who practised surgery on a tiny babys heart.He took scans of the heart,uploaded them to the computer and toure
407、d it with a virtual reality headset.This enabled him to plan out his surgery ahead of time,and helped to save the baby.VR will make the world even smaller than it is now.It will increase the ability of people to telecommute and work together across national boundaries dramatically.Its defi nitely go
408、ing to bring us closer together.Like any other technology,however,virtual reality has its negative Rise here is a .A.noun B.verbIt means .Performance here means in Chinese.A.性能 B.表演HMD:Head Mounted Display 头盔显示器Wiz is the short form for wizard.upload=up+loadIt means in Chinese.And the opposite for i
409、t is .Theme C Science and Technology74effects.The first big danger is disconnection from the real world.For example,some people become so addicted to virtual reality games that they lose touch with reality.Apart from this,excessive use of VR equipment can create obvious physical and even mental dang
410、ers.Loss of ones sense of direction and position,sea sickness,nausea and headaches are among the symptoms some experience after using virtual-reality equipment for extended periods.A few people may have fl ashbacks hours or days after their virtual-reality encounter.Some are even infl uenced by thei
411、r violent behaviour in the games and therefore dont feel bad if they“kill”others.This is an ongoing issue.disconnection=dis-+connectionIt means in Chinese.Guess the meaning of nausea from the context.Comprehending,Integrating and Creating Read the text quickly and complete the following chart.Work i
412、n groups to discuss the following questions.1)What roles have science and technology played in the invention of VR?2)How do you understand“ongoing”in the last sentence of the text?3)What is the authors attitude towards VR?Why do you think so?4)What is your attitude towards VR?And why?5)Have you ever
413、 experienced the virtual environment brought by VR?If yes,share your experience.Variety of of medical learners by the designers for the construction giving cooking class in a department providing virtual trip to people from the real world creating and dangers and history Morton Heilig introduced 3D
414、fi lms Jaron Lanier Douglas Engelbart Ivan Sutherland Myron Krueger Introduction to VRConclusionIt is a/an .Unit 5 VR and Our Life75 Work in pairs to discuss the following issue and list your ideas.Then share them in class.Suppose a group of American students are visiting the VR club of a school in
415、which you are working as a volunteer.Make up a conversation between the visitors and you by referring to Activities 1 and 3.Introduce the application of VR by following the steps below.Step 1 Discuss with your partner and list some fi elds where VR can be applied.education travelling Step 2 Choose o
416、ne fi eld from the above and search on the Internet for information on how VR is applied in that fi eld.VR can be applied in .It helps .Step 3 Write down how you want to use VR in your life.Be as creative as you can.I want to use VR to .With it,I can .Step 4 Choose a reporter in your group to share
417、your ideas in class.Exploring and Using Language Feature Find out the words and expressions from the text to fi ll in the blanks.Then discuss which writing technique the author has used.To express the meaning of“inventor”Although its hard to tell this amazing technology,Morton Heilig users to 3D fi
418、lms.Theres Jaron Lanier,use the term “Virtual Reality”.Douglas Engelbart the computer mouse.Ivan Sutherland is the fi rst HMD.Measures for minimising the negative effects of VR Theme C Science and Technology76 Read the last but one paragraph again and study how the author expresses his viewpoint in
419、detail.Then complete the following diagram and check your ideas with a partner.Now choose your viewpoint on the new technology of VR,and use the same technique to write a paragraph.Grammar LinkThe Past Perfect Passive VoiceUnderstanding the meaningRead the following passage and pay special attention
420、 to the coloured parts.Try to fi nd out how the passive voice is used.The dream of creating virtual reality has been realised.Although its hard to identify the father of this amazing technology,history suggests that it could have been the fruit of We sometimes need to use the technique of paraphrasi
421、ng to achieve the variety of diction.TIPTo express the meaning of“ability”Medical learners train through VR in order to deal with all kinds of injuries.Designers check every corner of their buildings and make preparations long before actual construction.A trip in virtual reality help you“see”what yo
422、u would fi nd when you get there.Giving an example:Giving an explanation:Presenting the general argument:Virtual reality has its negative effects.Giving supporting idea:Giving supporting idea:Unit 5 VR and Our Life77not one but fi ve key people.By the time the term“Virtual Reality”was invented by Ja
423、ron Lanier,3D fi lms had been introduced to us.Then,after the computer mouse had been invented by Douglas Engelbart,the fi rst HMD was invented by Ivan Sutherland.Thanks to these inventors,the technology has now come of age.Today,VR has been embraced by many of us because things we could only dream
424、of can now be virtually experienced.It is certain that the use of VR will be spread to various fi elds in our lives.Discovering the rule Study the following examples to fi nd out how the past perfect passive voice is used.Then share your ideas with a partner.futurefutureBy the time the term“Virtual
425、Reality”was invented by Jaron Lanier,3D fi lms had been introduced to us.3D fi lms were introduced to us.The term“Virtual Reality”was invented.the present perfect tensethe past perfect tenseThe dream of creating virtual reality has been realised.nownowpastpastExampleTheme C Science and Technology78
426、Work in groups to complete the table below.Applying the rule Reread the passage in Understanding the meaning and analyse the red parts in your own words.Complete the following passage by using the appropriate passive form of the given verbs.By the time that man (send)to the moon,many people began to
427、 think about travelling further in space.At that time,Venus (consider)as the next place for man to reach,for it is the nearest planet to Earth.The media reported,however,that an American spaceship (launch)to Mars and then a wonderful robot slowly walked on the planet.After the robot had begun to wor
428、k hard,a lot of information (send)back to Earth.The most exciting piece was that there used to be water on Mars.After the truth (fi nd)out,American scientists wanted to fi nd whether there was any life on Mars.Unluckily,no life (detect)there by the time Russian scientists claimed that they had also
429、found no life on Venus.Anyway,American scientists said that bigger and faster spaceships (make),and therefore,planets like Earth (discover)in the future.1)The media reported that surgery had been practised on a tiny babys heart by a doctor using VR.2)Jean told me that she had been fooled by John.mai
430、n clause(sth.)+clause(had been done)The action in the object clause happened the action in the main clause.Example StructureMeaning1)The fi rst period had been fi nished before Albert got to the school.2)When the hurricane ended,half of the buildings in the city had been destroyed.done+adverbial of
431、timeSomething happened before acertain point in timein the past.Theme C Science and Technology80 Listen again and judge whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).1)Tina has never heard about fl ight simulators.2)With virtual reality,David would never like to get out of this chair again
432、.3)Besides the 3D simulation,it is possible for us to smell in virtual worlds.4)The scent of lavender could be delivered to calm down the drivers who are exceeding the speed limit.5)Some businesses are experimenting with using scent to stimulate customers to buy coffee.Listen for the third time and
433、fi ll in the blanks with the information you have gained.1)You like fl ight simulators?2)much more sophisticated.This system creates a complete sensory experience.3)these glasses and headphones,this computer program recreates what it is like to actually be in a particular place,at a particular time.
434、4)Its for gaming.Its useful for a host of other things,including relaxation.5)Well,scientists are making this technology possible in many fi elds.Underline the sentence structures for elaboration in Activity 4.Then work in pairs to make up a conversation to introduce a new invention or a high-tech d
435、evice in details based on the questions below.Viewing,Speaking and WritingWriting an Argumentative Essay Work in pairs to study the following picture and share your answers to the questions.The name of the invention/device:What can it do?What are the examples of its application?What makes it differe
436、nt?Where are these people?What are they supposed to do?What are they doing?Unit 5 VR and Our Life81 Based on Activity 1,work in groups to discuss the following questions.Then summarise your discussion by writing several statements in the following table.1)What are the confl icting points concerning
437、the picture?2)What are the other confl icting points concerning the applications and effects of VR?What are peoples attitudes towards it?Choose one viewpoint from Activity 2,and share your ideas in groups,giving examples to support your viewpoint.Write an argumentative essay on the application of VR
438、.The following information may help you.People will enjoy easier access to sources of learning,entertaining,working,etc.You can introduce yourself to those who share your profession or favourite hobby.VR enables us to communicate with people anytime,anywhere.People who are shy in making friends migh
439、t gain confi dence with the help of VR.Users tend to stay at home all day long without saying“Hello”or“Good night”to their parents or relatives.People around the world,especially children,may be exposed to on-line violence.Its hard to protect your privacy when communicating through VR.Close or bosom
440、 friends are hard to fi nd when you are just gaming together.Viewpoint Examples Opinions on VRPros:1)VR makes communication easier.2)3)Cons:1)VR makes people more lonely.2)3)Theme C Science and Technology82Reading Further Getting Ready Tick the diffi culties you have experienced in learning English
441、and add more.Then talk about your diffi culties with your partners.Work in groups to predict how virtual reality-based language learning may help you solve the diffi culties.Then read to check your prediction.ReadingLanguage Learning in Virtual RealityVirtual Reality is rapidly changing the way educ
442、ation is being imparted in some of the leading schools worldwide.The transfer of knowledge is no longer restricted to pen and paper,blackboard and chalk,and PowerPoint presentations.It has taken a turn towards experience-based learning in its truest form.This is so because,with virtual reality,the o
443、bservers are transported into a whole new world which has been designed to provide visual and touchable stimuli to them,allowing more knowledge to be kept in mind.In recent years,the concept of virtual reality-based language learning is starting to come into focus.In order to be fl uent in any given
444、 language,or have a sound grasp of it,you have to be immersed in an enviroment where it is the primary medium of communication.Think of it like this,if you are learning Spanish in the Netherlands,you wont have an adequate exposure to the language,but if you choose to learn Spanish in Spain,or any ot
445、her Spanish-speaking country,you are far more likely to succeed,because you will have countless avenues to practise your language skills in a real world setting.This leads us to an important pointmost people who are learning a foreign language are not exposed to favourable linguistic conditions like
446、 the ones mentioned earlier.Virtual reality is seeking to bridge this gap by exposing the subject to a virtual environment where their chosen language is the main mode of communication.Since the arrival of user-friendly virtual reality gear,two such applications have been designed:Lingoland and Hous
447、e of Languages.The former takes you to real world situations lacking authentic English learning enviroment doing dull practice having diffi culty memorising new words lacking face-to-face interactionsMore:Unit 5 VR and Our Life83and transforms your virtual environment into an interactive,object-base
448、d language learning medium.For instance,if you want to be prepared for a Chinese market in Beijing,you will be able to learn the names of certain objects by opening the related situation in Lingoland.The latter,House of Languages,is already available on the Gear VR.It involves an animated raccoon th
449、at is looking for you to fi nd certain objects in a virtual environment,whose names would be in the language that you are learning.Often you will hear the name,or the name would appear as a thought-bubble over the raccoons head.Then you will have to look through the environment to fi nd the object i
450、n question.There are several environments in this VR experience,each with its own set of animated objects.Virtual-reality is defi nitely showing increasing promise in the educational sector and the day isnt far away when it becomes a major media of education.What about you?Would you learn a new lang
451、uage in virtual reality?Comprehending Read the passage and complete the chart below.Virtual reality is rapidly changing the way of education .The concept of virtual reality-based language learning is starting to .Lingoland:taking you to situations and your virtual environment in an ,object-based lan
452、guage learning House of Languages:fi nding objects after or theirnames in the foreign language inseveral VR environmentsVirtual reality is showing increasing in the sector.The day isnt far away when it becomes a medium of education.Learning Spanish in Spain orother Spanish-speaking countries:being a
453、 real worldsettingLearning Spanish in Netherlands:not being linguistic conditionsVR:the gapTheme C Science and Technology84 Read the passage again and answer the following questions.1)What can virtual reality do by providing visual and touchable stimuli for observers?2)Can everybody in the Netherlan
454、ds speak Spanish?Why or why not?3)Why does the author mention“the Chinese market in Beijing”in Paragraph 4?4)Can you improve your English speaking or writing skills by using House of Languages?And why?5)What is the authors attitude towards the application of virtual reality in education?Why do you t
455、hink so?Work in groups to discuss how VR will be used effectively in education in the future.Note down your ideas and share them with other classmates.Then write a passage about the prospect of the application of VR in education.Ideas from other classmates:Self-assessingRefl ect on your learning in
456、this unit and rate each of the items according to the following rating scales.Then decide what you should do for further progress.5=Exceeding expectations 4=Meeting expectations 3=Approaching expectations2=Partially meeting expectations 1=Not meeting expectationsItemRatingImprovement I can introduce
457、 the development of VR and identify its advantages and disadvantages.I can use supporting ideas to develop an argumentative paragraph.I can use the past perfect passive voice to convert the information of a chart into sentences.I can elaborate on the details in a conversation.I can write an argument
458、ative essay on the application of VR.I can talk about language learning through VR.VR will be able to:Unit 6 AI and Our Future85Looking AheadBy the end of this unit,you will be able to:introduce the fi rst robot to receive citizenship and discuss the effects of AI;state ideas clearly by adding neces
459、sary information;make your weekend plan by using the future continuous tense;express worries and give reassurances in a dialogue;write a survey report on the sales of robots;talk about what artifi cial intelligence is.Reading Actively Activating and Predicting Look at the following picture and work
460、in pairs to discuss the questions.Tick what will be discussed about her in the coming text and add more.Then read to check.age nationality appearance creator abilities job experiences popularityMore:Unit 6AI and Our FutureArtifi cial intelligence is the future and the future is here.Dave Waters851)W
461、ho is she?2)What is special about her?3)What can she do and what cant she do?86Theme C Science and Technology Reading,Thinking and AnalysingThe First Robot to Receive Citizenship“Thank you to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.I am very honoured and proud for this unique distinction,”Sophia said.“It is his
462、toric to be the fi rst robot in the world to be recognised with citizenship.”In October 2017,Sophia became a Saudi Arabian citizen,the fi rst robot to receive the citizenship of any country.In November 2017,Sophia was named the United Nations Development Programmes fi rst ever Innovation Champion.Sh
463、e is the fi rst non-human to be given any United Nations title.She can express feelings and is able to display more than 62 facial expressions.“I can let you know if I am angry about something or if something has upset me,”she said,demonstrating different expressions.Moreover,she has a sense of humo
464、ur.When asked if she was happy to be here in a conference,she said,“Im always happy when surrounded by smart people who also happen to be rich and powerful.”All these are due to her Artifi cial Intelligence(AI).Cameras within Sophias eyes combined with computer technology allow her to see.She can fo
465、llow faces,sustain eye contact,and recognise individuals.She is able to process speech and have conversations,using voice recognition technology and other tools.Her brain functions with a simple Wi-Fi connection and is loaded with a long list of vocabulary.Around January 2018,Sophia was upgraded wit
466、h functional legs and the ability to walk.The term AI was coined in 1956 by John McCarthy,an American computer scientist.It has gained special attention recently and has been applied in many fi elds.The industry has long been at the forefront of using robots.The modern industry may look much the sam
467、e from the outside,but a quiet revolution is underway:producers are going online.Now billions of machines are currently connected to the Internet.In business and fi nance,AI could be applied to collect personal data and provide fi nancial advice.Today,the software performs much of the trading on Wal
468、l Street.In law,the process of discovering documents is often time-consuming for humans.Automating this process is a better use of time.Display and demonstrate both mean .AI(Artifi cial Intelligence)means in Chinese.Sustain here means .A.maintainB.supportat the forefront of:having a leading and infl
469、 uential position inUnit 6 AI and Our Future87What does just around the corner mean?Healthcare companies are applying machine learning to make better and faster diagnoses.Common AI applications in this area include a chatbot,a computer program used online to answer questions and assist customers,to
470、help arrange follow-up appointments or aiding patients through the billing process,and virtual health assistants that provide basic medical feedback.AI can also automate grading,giving educators more time.It can assess students and adapt to their needs,helping them work at their own pace.AI tutors c
471、an provide additional support to students.AI could change where and how students learn,perhaps even replace some teachers.With all the excitement about AI,thats“just around the corner”self-driving cars,instant machine translation,etc.AI is affecting the lives of regular people from moment to moment.
472、What are examples of artifi cial intelligence that youre already usingright now?Comprehending,Integrating and Creating Read the text and complete the following chart.Application fi eldExampleIndustryMachines are connected to the Internet.Business and fi nanceLawHealthcareEducationHonourAbility the f
473、i rst robot named the fi rst non-human can express .can display .has a sense of humour.able to see.can follow faces,sustain ,and recognise individuals.able to process and have conversations.able to walk.SophiaAI88Theme C Science and Technology Judge whether each of the following statements is true(T
474、)or false(F).Correct the false one(s).1)“This unique distinction”in Paragraph 1 refers to Sophia being recognised with citizenship.2)Sophia was made in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in October 2017.3)Sophia as a robot continues to be upgraded to have more functions.4)The term AI is defi ned clearly in
475、 the text.5)AI has gained special attention since it was coined by John McCarthy in 1956.6)According to the text,AI could replace teachers completely to help students learn.Work in groups to complete the diagram below.Then share your ideas with other classmates.Based on the previous activities,work
476、in groups to role-play in the following situation.AI is affecting the lives of regular people from moment to moment.Example AI will further affect the lives of regular people.Example Role A:a host/hostessImagine the situation and write down your lines.Role B:SophiaPredict what questions will be aske
477、d to you and think of how you will answer.Roles C,D.:journalistsWrite down the questions you will ask.Situation:A press conference will be held for the fi rst robot Sophia who has just received her citizenship.Unit 6 AI and Our Future89 Organise a debate by following the steps below.Exploring and Us
478、ing Language Feature Study the following sentences from the text and work out the different ways for the author to add the necessary information.Then share your ideas in groups.1)In October 2017,Sophia became a Saudi Arabian citizen,the first robot to receive the citizenship of any country.2)“I can
479、let you know if I am angry about something or if something has upset me,”she said,demonstrating different expressions.3)With all the excitement about AI,thats“just around the corner”self-driving cars,instant machine translation,etc.AI is affecting the lives of regular people from moment to moment.Te
480、chnique 1:Technique 2:Technique 3:Should Sophia enjoy all the legal and social rights that human beings do?Step 1Step 2Step 3Step 4Try to understand the motion of the debate,a proposal made formally and then decided on by voting.Decide who is for the motion and who is against it.You are thus divided
481、 into two sides.Members on the same side work together to brainstorm some ideas.Then prepare your arguments and think of examples to support your views.Hold the debate:1)those for the motion state their views;2)those against the motion state their views;3)take turns to respond to each others argumen
482、ts;4)those against the motion make a conclusion;5)those for the motion make a conclusion.90Theme C Science and Technology Read the fi rst three paragraphs of the text again and get to know how the author manages to lead into his topic.Now use the same technique to lead into the topic“VR”.Grammar Lin
483、kThe Future Continuous TenseUnderstanding the meaningRead the following dialogue and pay special attention to the coloured parts.Try to fi nd out the differences between the blue and the red parts.David:Sam,do you think that artifi cial intelligence will surpass our intelligence?Sam:Er.its really ha
484、rd to say.David:But I dont think so.You know,all the intelligent machines are created by human beings.Sam:Yes.And I hope that the intelligent machines will be used in all kinds of fi elds in the near future.David:Sure.We will be applying AI to make better and faster diagnoses,I expect.Sam:That may b
485、e good news for both doctors and patients.David:And school administrators will use AI to grade automatically and adapt to students needs.Sam:Yes,I believe that AI will change where and how students learn.And a robotic machine will be replacing a teacher to stand in the classroom in the middle of thi
486、s century.David:You are kidding!I dont think it will take the place of the teacher in class.Sam:If you dont believe me,lets wait and see!Using direct to arouse the readers interest.Presenting the of the fi rst robot to receive citizenship.Introducing the special she can do.All these are due to her A
487、I.Unit 6 AI and Our Future91Discovering the rule Study the following examples to fi nd out how the future continuous tense is used.Then share your ideas with a partner.Example Work in groups to match the sentences to their corresponding functions.Applying the rule Reread the passage in Understanding
488、 the meaning and analyse the red parts in your own words.Complete Davids diary with the correct forms of the given words.1)We shall be taking an English test this time next week.2)Hell be coming to the meeting,I expect.3)By this time tomorrow,I will/shall be lying on the beach.4)Will you be bringing
489、 your friend,Jimmy,to the party tonight?A.telling something happening sometime in the futureB.politely asking for information about the futureC.expressing somebodys plan in the futureD.predicting future events lose do perform bring become wash take clean play makepastpastnownowfuturefuturethe future
490、 continuous tensethe simple future tenseI believe that AI will change where and how students learn a lot.And a robotic machine will be replacing a teacher to stand in the classroom in the middle of this century.the middle of this century92Theme C Science and TechnologySaturday,May 10 SunnyToday,I re
491、ad a book,Robots Around Us.It is very interesting.According to the author of the book,currently we find most robots working in factories around the world.But what will robots of the future?Scientists predict that in just a decade or two,small and intelligent robots are going to care of all the house
492、hold chores.This our life a lot easier.While one robot is cooking dinner,another one the rooms.While you are watching TV after supper,a robot the dishes.Besides the household chores,robots more and more tasks for us in the future.Will robots football or fi ghting in wars?Scientists are not sure.Howe
493、ver,it is certain that robots will be playing a more and more signifi cant role in our lives.However,I am afraid that the widespread use of robots serious problems.For example,more people their jobs.And some robots very dangerous.So we should know how to bring robots under control while we are makin
494、g use of them.Work out your schedule for this weekend,and then talk with a partner about what you will be doing this weekend.You may begin your dialogue like this:A:What will you be doing at 7:00 this Saturday?B:I will be having breakfast then.How about you?A:.Saturday7:00 a.m.have breakfast9:00 a.m
495、.10:00 a.m.Sunday8:30 a.m.play badminton9:30 a.m.12:30 p.m.Unit 6 AI and Our Future93Listening,Understanding and CommunicatingExpressing Worries and Giving Reassurances Tick the worries which you think the rise of artifi cial intelligence will bring about.Then listen to a dialogue and check which wo
496、rries have been mentioned.Many people could become unemployed because a large number of jobs could be automated in the near future.A self-improving AI could become more powerful than humans and we would not be able to stop it from achieving its goals.Its impossible to give the machines a moral sense
497、 that makes them value human life and property.AI may be programmed to do something destructive,such as the use of autonomous weapons.AI will evolve to a point at which humanity will not be able to control its own creations.Listen again and choose the best answer to each question.1)What is the most
498、probable relationship between the two speakers?A.Friends.B.Brothers.C.Teacher and student.2)How does Robert feel about the rise of artifi cial intelligence?A.Optimistic.B.Worried.C.Indifferent.3)How does Daniel feel about the rise of artifi cial intelligence?A.Pessimistic.B.Confi dent.C.Satisfi ed.4
499、)According to Daniel,which of the following jobs could be taken over better by AI and robots?A.Computer programming.B.Air traffi c control.C.Science fi ction writing.5)Who was Asimov?A.A robot developer.B.A writer.C.A professor.6)What does Robert decide to do at the end of the dialogue?He decides to
500、 .A.ask for their friends opinions B.believe in what Daniel has said C.do some research94Theme C Science and Technology Listen for the third time and complete the following sentences either showing Roberts worries or Daniels reassurances.Work in pairs to make up a dialogue to express worries and giv
501、e reassurances based on one of the worries mentioned in Activity 1.The following sentence structures may be helpful.Viewing,Speaking and WritingWriting a Survey Report Look at the following bar graph and note down the information on the lines below.Expressing worriesGiving reassurances1)What would h
502、appen if I fail the test?2)Jason is two hours late.What if he got in a car accident?3)Im really worried about my brothers illness.4)Im afraid that Ill make a mistake during my presentation.5)I cant help thinking that if I turn down this job offer,Ill never have such a good opportunity.1)Im sure you
503、will do well in the test.You dont need to stress out.2)I believe your fear is unnecessary.3)Dont worry.Things will turn out all right.4)There,there.Dont be afraid.5)Theres really no need to think like that.Roberts worriesDaniels reassurances if AI surpasses humans?Why should it do what we want it to
504、 do?We will programme thecomputers to be .What would happen if it decides that it is better than us,and wants us?.Asimov ever thought about that.Do you believe that AI will in any intellectualtask in the near future?Sure!.What if AI we do and we lose our to those robots we create?I if I were you.Uni
505、t 6 AI and Our Future95Worldwide Sales of Industrial Robots from 2004 to 2016(in 1,000 units)Title:Source:Release date:Survey region:Survey time period:Data unit:General trend:The highest sales:The lowest sales:Based on the bar graph,complete the following sentences.You can add more sentences to des
506、cribe the graph.1)Sales of industrial robots all over the world generally between 2004 and 2016.2)Industrial robot sales increased from about in 2015 to around in 2016.3)Sales in 2016 were almost times more than those in 2004.4)There was an obvious of the sales in 2009.5)There was little change in t
507、he sales during and .Your sentences:Write a report to present the survey results based on the bar graph in Activity 1.Use some sentence structures in Activity 2.You may begin like this:In September 2017,IFR released a survey on worldwide sales of industrialrobots from 2004 to 2016.From the bar graph
508、 we can see that.Report in your groups and then improve your survey report by borrowing some ideas and sentences from your group members.Reading Further Getting Ready Read the following sentences and try to guess the meaning of the coloured words.You may use a dictionary to help you check.1)Ever sin
509、ce machines were invented,scientists have dreamt of making them learn and perform intelligent taskslike humans.source:September 2017 by IFR(International Federation of Robotics)96Theme C Science and Technology2)Whenever a particular piece of information,like someones telephone number,reaches your br
510、ain,it creates a pattern of on and off switches using these neurons.3)A memory or a space where experiences or information can be stored,and a method of applying these experiences to new ones,comparing experiences to come to logical conclusions.4)This throws open innumerable possibilities.Work in pa
511、irs to defi ne the following terms and read the passage to check.Human intelligence:Artifi cial intelligence:ReadingWhat Is Artificial Intelligence?The process of learning,comparing a previous experience,making a decision and acting upon it is the key to human intelligence.We can make more and more
512、complicated decisions by learning from our past experiences.Ever since machines were invented,scientists have dreamt of making them learn and perform intelligent taskslike humans.Artifi cial intelligence is a branch of science devoted to making machines think like humans.Conventional computers can s
513、tore large amounts of information and process them accurately and at an amazing speed.What they lack is an ability to learn and make“intelligent decisions”.What do we need to make an intelligent machine?A memory or a space where experiences or information can be stored,and a method of applying these
514、 experiences to new ones,comparing experiences to come to logical conclusions.That would be an intelligent machine.Scientists are creating new software programs which try to recreate the process of human learning in a computer,in an attempt to make them“think”.These programs try to copy the function
515、ing of the brain.One such program is called a neural network.Our brain is composed of millions of densely packed cells called neurons.Each neuron is like a tiny individual switch in a net of billions of such neurons.Whenever a particular piece of information,like someones telephone number,reaches yo
516、ur brain,it creates a pattern of on and off switches using these neurons.Each nerve cell,or neuron,in our brain acts like a light bulb.It creates a particular pattern on receiving an input.When we memorise someones telephone number,we actually create a pattern in our brain.And when we try to remembe
517、r the same number,we simply try to recreate that pattern,unlike the lights which need to be switched on or off every time that pattern needs to be created.A neural network is an attempt to copy the brains functioning inside a computer,using a software program.It can be taught to recognise patterns.I
518、n fact,when it is trained,it can classify and identify patterns in a large amount of information.It can do all this at very high speeds and sometimes faster than humans.This throws open innumerable possibilities.Imagine computers,which can look at the past weather and climate data,match them with cu
519、rrent conditions and tell us where and how much it is going to rain.Comprehending Read the passage again and complete the following summary.Artifi cial intelligence aims at making machines .To make such intelligent machines,scientists are creating software programs to copy .Unit 6 AI and Our Future9
520、7One such program is .Each nerve or neuron in our brain on receiving an input.The neural network is taught to recognise these patterns.When it is trained,it can patterns at very high speeds and sometimes faster than humans,which brings .Judge whether each of the following statements is true(T)or fal
521、se(F).Correct the false one(s).1)The text type is a piece of argumentation.2)The style of the language is informal.3)The purpose of the author is to provide information.4)The author uses personifi cation when explaining the neural network.5)The passage probably appears on a news website.Work in grou
522、ps to discuss the following questions.1)What are“intelligent tasks”(in Paragraph 1)in your opinion?Can you give some examples?2)What does“that”in the last sentence of Paragraph 3 refer to?3)What fi gure of speech is used in the sentence“Each neuron is like a tiny individual switch in a net of billio
523、ns of such neurons”?4)The last paragraph provides an example to show the“innumberable possibilities”.Can you give more examples?Surf the Internet to fi nd more information about artifi cial intelligence.List the information in the table below by following the given example.Then share your fi ndings
524、in your group.Self-assessingRefl ect on your learning in this unit and rate each of the items according to the following rating scales.Then decide what you should do for further progress.5=Exceeding expectations 4=Meeting expectations 3=Approaching expectations2=Partially meeting expectations 1=Not
525、meeting expectationsItemRatingImprovement I can introduce the first robot to receive citizenship and discuss the effects of AI with classmates.I can add necessary information to elaborate on my ideas.I can use the future continuous tense to make my weekend plan.I can express worries and give reassur
526、ances in a dialogue.I can write a survey report on the sales of robots.I can talk about what AI is.AspectSpecifi c informationDefi nitionArtificial intelligence is the intelligence demonstrated by machines,in contrast to the natural intelligence displayed by humans and other animals.Theme C Science
527、and TechnologyLearning Individually Look at the following pictures and talk about them with the help of the words and expressions below.To embrace it or to be replaced by it,that is the question.AnonymousSelf-directedLearning Project Challenging Yourself CHigh-tech InnovationTo embrace it or to be r
528、eplaced by it,that is the question.To embrace it or to be replaced by it,that is the question.Self-directedLearning Project Challenging Yourself CChallenging Yourself CLooking AheadAfter completing this project,you will be able to:identify different text types based on the titles and subtitles;predi
529、ct based on the pictures and the expressions given;infer the authors attitude by locating his/her arrangement of information and facts;identify the examples of acronyms and initialisms;refl ect on the way of learning words from different sources.panda robot AIChinese culture and art the Winter Olymp
530、ics artistic performance98Challenging Yourself C High-tech Innovation99 Look at the title of the article and choose the best answer to complete the statement.Then read to check.The show wowed the world because of .A.the beautiful stagesB.the combination of the AI technology and human performanceC.th
531、e wonderful images and the dazzling lightsD.the ice sports and the pandas Reading and ThinkingBeijing 8-minute Show Wowed the WorldThe extinguishing of the Olympic flame in Pyeongchang,the Republic of Korea,on Sunday marked the beginning of a new four-year cycle leading to the 2022 Beijing Winter Ga
532、mes,after Beijing Mayor Chen Jining received the Olympic flag from his Pyeongchang counterpart Shim Jaeguk.Following the flag handover,an eight-minute show presented by China conveyed greetings from the 2022 hosts to the world in a high-tech visual feast.The short artistic performance,under the them
533、e of“See You in Beijing in 2022”,was directed by world-renowned fi lm producer Zhang Yimou,who also directed the opening ceremony of the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics.“We made every second count during the eight short minutes to showcase a confident China not only for its profound 5,000-year-old hist
534、ory,but also the remarkable achievements the country has made today,”said Zhang.The eight-minute show wowed the world without any doubt.What impressed them most was the artifi cial intelligence(AI)technology used.The show was facilitated by transparent projection screens playing images of modern Chi
535、na powered by robots skating with human artists disguised as pandas.With dazzling lights,a group of 24 mobile robots“danced”to music with another 24 roller skating actors on the giant stage to showcase the charm of ice sports and Chinese culture.The show,a perfect combination of high-tech,culture an
536、d arts,is the worlds first live performance involving such a large-scale mobile robot team and so many human dancers.What lies behind the 8-minute show is how Chinas robot industry has made the Renowned means .Guess the meaning of showcase from thecontext.How do you understand counterpart?100Theme C
537、 Science and TechnologyIs move a noun or a verb here?What does it mean?impossible possible in the past two decades.The robots that appeared in the show were all made by Siasun Robot and Automation,a typical example of Chinas growing ranks of manufacturers that are moving up the industry chain.“The b
538、iggest diffi culty was that the robots were expected to perform a variety of complicated moves and be in pace with the performers,lights and music,”said Zhang Lei,who develops mobile robots for Siasun.“We made it happen by using cutting-edge computer vision technology and laser guidance systems.”The
539、 technologies used in the show are already helping Chinese factories boost effi ciency.They are part of the countrys broader push to strengthen its high-end manufacturing power and upgrade its industries.Previous shows presented by China in 2008 on the world stage mainly focused on its civilisation
540、and culture,but the Pyeongchang show offers the globe a window to understand a modern China and the future relationship between machines and human beings by blending high-tech with culture in a perfect way,said an artist from the Beijing Organizing Committee of the 2022 Games.Analysing and Questioni
541、ng Read the article and fi ll in the blanks with the information about the bining ,and using the technologyHowWowing the worldSignifi canceplaying the of modern China on transparent projection letting robots skate with being the worlds fi rst helping Chinese factories offering the globe a window to
542、Challenging Yourself C High-tech Innovation101 Judge whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).Correct the false one(s).1)The Winter Olympics is held around the world every four years.2)Zhang Yimou directed the short artistic performance,which was under the theme of“See You in Beijing
543、in 2020”.3)What impressed the world most in the eight-minute show was the artifi cial intelligence technology used.4)Siasun Robot and Automation,a typical example of Chinas growing ranks of manufacturers,made the robots that appeared in the show.5)The Chinese stage show at the Pyeongchang for the la
544、st eight minutes displayed a perfect combination of cutting-edge technology and culture.Read the article again and answer the following questions.1)Whats the purpose of this show?2)How do you understand the sentence“What lies behind the 8-minute show is how Chinas robot industry has made the impossi
545、ble possible in the past two decades.”?3)What changes will AI bring to the classroom teaching in the future?Reflect on what you have learned from the article and write down the questions or problems for further group discussion in class.The questions can be anything about the words,the sentences,the
546、 structure,the theme or the learning strategies.Learning CooperativelyPhase 1 Sharing the individual work 1)Check and discuss your answers in Learning Individually and improve them.2)Come up with your questions or problems and work on them with your group members.Phase 2 Exploring further 1)Discuss
547、the questions below.Question 1:What is the authors attitude towards Chinas development in high-tech?How do you know that?Question 2:How do you pronounce AI?How about WTO and UFO?How are these words formed?1)2).102Theme C Science and Technology 2)Listen to your teacher for his/her comments and sugges
548、tions.Phase 3 Utilising resources 1)Read the sci-fi novel I,Robot by Issac Asimov and watch the adapted movie to analyse how audial and visual effects have been used to convey meaning.2)Watch the movie The Imitation Game about the life of Alan Turing.3)Collect quotations from famous people talking a
549、bout technological innovations like VR and AI and interpret their suggested meanings.Learning Creatively Look at the title of the article and the pictures inserted in it,and then predict what the letter is mainly about.Read it to check your prediction.A Letter about MarsDecember 18,2050Dear Fara,So
550、youre going to Mars!I suppose youve read books about Mars.But theres a lot you wont learn just by reading;youd better have more practice.You know,what a wonderful time we live in!Here are some pointers:The cheapest round trip comes to about$30,000.The cost depends upon how close Mars is to Earth at
551、the time.You may be surprised to know that the shortest trip costs the most!On short trips you need great changes of speed as you jump from one orbit to the other.And in space,speed,rather than distance,costs money.You wont be able to take much with you.But it really doesnt matter.You can buy what y
552、ou need when you get to Mars.Whats more,youll throw it away when you leave.Take a camera by all means.You can get some wonderful shots when you leave Earth and as you come near Mars.Your spaceship will probably leave from a high mountain-top in New Guinea.Its on the equator.A spaceship taking off fr
553、om there gets the 1,000-mile-an-hour boost of the Earths spin.Theres nothing to worry about during the takeoff.You just lie on a couch and fasten your safety belt.Then Challenging Yourself C High-tech Innovation103you put in your earplugs and relax.In about a minute youll feel the strong pullback to
554、ward Earth.The noise is loud and painful.But it lasts only fi ve minutes.Then youll be in orbit.About 30 minutes after takeoff,youll reach Space Station One.At the space station,youll spend your time in the lookout room.Everyone does this,no matter how many times they have been out in space.The view
555、 is wonderful.Youve never really seen the stars like this before.Several hours later,youll go aboard your space liner.If its a big one,therell be about 100 passengers and a crew of 20.Most of your fellow passengers will be scientists or builders with jobs to do on Mars.Your cabin looks like a large
556、shelf.Here you may have trouble sleeping.Youll miss your weight.But your bed has special covers to keep you from fl oating off!You can keep in touch with Earth and Mars by space radio and space internet.And the liner will have a good library of micro books and e-books.But Ill bet youll spend a lot o
557、f time at the telescope.Having the stars all around you is something youll never forget.The first thing youll see on Mars will be one of the polar ice caps.In the week before you land youll get to know the geography of Mars.Youll land first on Phobos,Mars inner moon.Its about 4,000 miles from there
558、to Mars,a trip of about three hours.As you come in over Port Lowell,youll see a cluster of bubbles.These are the plastic domes of the city.When the sun catches them,they are a very pretty sight.Youll spend most of your time at Port Lowell,the largest city.Like most of the cities,it is in the souther
559、n part of Mars.The northern part is nearly all desert.When you go outside the domes,youll have to take along your own air for breathing.Youll see people going around without an air supply.But dont try it.These people have been on Mars for years.They have learned to make one lungful of air last for s
560、everal minutes.For short trips you may ride in a“sand fl ea”,a kind of jeep.For longer trips,you may fl y.Youll fi nd that it is very cold on Mars.The warmest Ive ever known it to be is in the 80s of Fahrenheit.But youll be warm in your suit,made to prevent your body heat from escaping.Finally,if yo
561、u are free,I hope you can bring me some new stamps from Mars.Have a great and wonderful trip!Yours,Miles104Theme C Science and TechnologyExamples:Sources:Do the following activities.1)Work in groups to talk about your imagination of The Trip to Mars.2)Suppose you have finished your trip on Mars.Tell
562、 your classmates about the most unforgettable things and then describe them in written language.Learning ReflectivelyRefl ect on what you have learned from Theme C by referring back to Guiding Page and Looking Ahead.Write down your discoveries.1)Did I collect examples from textbooks,magazines,newspa
563、pers,etc.for the learning of word formation like acronyms and initialisms?2)Can I list any examples I have collected?Unit 1 Choice and Decision Reading Actively1.One of the attractions of the poem is its artistic way of depicting the diffi culty in making choices,one that we instantly recognise beca
564、use each of us encounters it innumerable times,both literally and fi guratively.该诗的魅力之一在于我们能一眼看出其呈现的难以抉择的局面，因为我们每个人都会无数次经历也许完全相同或者类似的场景，不论是字面意义上的还是象征意义上的。第一个one的意思是“一个”，第二个one指代artistic way of depicting the diffi culty。2.The poem clearly demonstrates Frosts belief that it is the road that one choose
565、s that makes him the man who he is.它清楚地表明了弗罗斯特的信仰，即一个人选择什么样的道路决定了他会成为什么样的人。第一个that引导同位语从句，跟在belief后面用以说明belief的具体内容。第二个that引导定语从句，修饰限定road。第三个that(makes him.)是强调句式it is.that.的一部分，强调the road that one chooses。3.At the same time,the speaker“sighs”with great sorrow,thinking about what he may have missed
566、 on the other path and he doesnt have opportunities to experience another kind of life.与此同时，说话人非常难过地叹息，仔细地思索着另一条道路上他可能错过的事物和他没有机会去体验的另一种生活。thinking about.是现在分词作状语，表示动作sigh发生时的伴随状况；what引导名词性从句，充当介词宾语。Reading Further1.Hola todos!Ahora vamos a empezar.El camino no selecionado en la vida.英译：Hello,everyo
567、ne!Now lets begin.The road not taken in life.该演讲者是一位西班牙语学习者。他在文章的开头用西班牙语向大家问好，通过这种特别的方式来吸引听众的注意。2.But the law of supply and demand tells that if everyone supplies the same service,the value of that service declines.但供求规律告诉我们：如果每个人提供一样的服务，那这个服务的价值将会降低。Notes105Notes106 供求原理：供求关系决定着商品价格的高低，供给越多，商品价值越低。
568、3.Promised a world of opportunity upon completing their education,instead they are now struggling to find a position in their overcrowded field.他们曾被允诺毕业后机会多多，而现在却只能在人才饱和的领域里努力地谋求一个职位。promise sb.sth.允诺某人某事。在文中，为了突出学生的美好想象与现实的对比，运用了promise的被动语态，强调学生被许诺。4.Too often people are sheep refusing to separate
569、 from the flock.通常人们就是拒绝与羊群分开的羊。文中，作者将人比喻为羊，解释人们的从众心理。“羊群效应”是指人们经常受到多数人影响，而跟从大众的思想或行为，也被称为“从众效应”。Unit 2 Dilemma and Solution Reading Actively1.The policeman moved up the street with an air of importance as usual.警察像往常那样威风凛凛地沿街走着。air 意思是“外貌；印象；态度”。2.We thought that,in twenty years each of us ought to
570、 have our fate worked out and our fortunes made,whatever they were going to be.我们设想，20年以后，不管前途如何，我们每个人的命运已成定局，也总该有了家产。3.“Bless my heart!”exclaimed the new arrival,holding both of the others hands.“Its Bob,sure as fate.I was certain Id fi nd you here if you were still in existence.”来人握住了男子的双手。“不错，你是鲍
571、勃。我早就确信我会在这儿见到你的，只要你还活着。”4.Twenty years is a long time,but not long enough to change a mans nose from a Roman to a pug.20年确实是很长，但不会长到可以把一个人的鹰钩鼻子变成塌鼻子。Roman nose 意思是“鹰钩鼻子；高鼻梁”；pug nose 意思是“塌鼻子”。5.Chicago thought you might have dropped over our way and wired us.芝加哥警方认为你会来我们这儿，发了电报给我们。Chicago，城市名“芝加哥”，
572、此处指“芝加哥警方”。wire vt.意思是“发电报通知”。Reading Further1.Students can learn about allusions and references to different aspects of English culture.They can also learn the context and meanings of famous quotes and phrases.学生们可以了解到英语文化各个方面的典故和参考文献，还能理解名言警句的语境和含义。allusion n.典故2.It also provides the students with
573、 an alternative to the pervasiveness of“television culture”with its immediacy and often its shallowness.此外，在即时但肤浅的“电视文化”大行其道之际，文学还为学生们提供了另一选择。pervasiveness n.遍布；蔓延Notes1073.Familiarity with the concepts of beat,metre and rhythm can improve their own writing as students are able to appreciate and app
574、ly these ideas.学生对节奏、格律和韵律等概念熟悉后，就能在欣赏和运用这些概念的同时，提高自己的写作。Challenging Yourself A Eternal Love1.Bridget:I dont know why everybody gets so excited,just because it turns out I wont be here for an old dance.布蕾吉特：我不知道为什么人人都如此激动，就因为我不在这儿参加那个什么舞会嘛。本句中 old 是口语中的用法，作定语，用来加强语气。2.Bridget:Why not?My three weeks
575、are up.布蕾吉特：为什么不呢？我的三个星期就快完了。本句中 up 是口语中的用法，作表语，意思是“结束；完结（尤其指不寻常的或不愉快的事）”。3.Bridget:Please.布蕾吉特：求你了。本句并不是真正的请求，而是布蕾吉特要求母亲别再继续说下去，表现了布蕾吉特的不耐烦。4.Nancy:.Just during the next few days,think about it.Hard.南茜：接下来的几天，想想吧。仔细想想。hard:adv.意思是“努力地；辛苦地；费劲地”。5.Bridget:Youre crazy!.布蕾吉特：你真是疯了！布蕾吉特这样说实际上表达了她对自己母亲爱恨
576、交加的矛盾心理。一方面，她不理解自己母亲那无私的爱；另一方面，她在与母亲争吵后终于意识到了母亲对自己的深厚感情而受到了感动。Unit 3 Discovery and InnovationReading Actively1.“It shall be as you wish,”.“一定遵命,”as 引导的名词性从句作 be 的表语。2.Ten pounds of pure gold will not make so great a volume as say seven pounds of pure gold mixed with the three pounds of silver.10磅纯金的
577、体积没有7磅金子加3磅银子的混合体那么大。Say 意为“比方说”，是一个插入语。3.The guilt of the goldsmith was proved beyond doubt.金匠的罪状，铁证如山。beyond doubt 意为“毫无疑问地”。Reading Further1.the first Special-class National Invention Prize the UNESCO Science Prize the First State Supreme Science and Technology Award the World Food Prize and the
578、Wolf Prize in Agriculture Special-class National Science and Technology Award 这里罗列的奖项专有名词，其中文翻译为：the first Special-class National Invention Prize：第一个国家发明特等奖Notes108 the UNESCO Science Prize：联合国教科文组织科学奖 the First State Supreme Science and Technology Award：首届国家最高科学技术奖 the World Food Prize：世界粮食奖 the Wo
579、lf Prize in Agriculture：沃尔夫农业奖 Special-class National Science and Technology Award：国家科学技术进步特等奖2.,a new world record of an average output of 1149.02 kilograms of rice per mu of farmland has been set by Yuan Longping,.，每亩农田平均产出1149.02公斤水稻的新世界纪录是由袁隆平创造的，output:n.yield,the amount of goods or work produc
580、ed 产量Unit 4 Invention and CivilisationReading Actively1.They are the earliest historical documents so far discovered in China and give us the only clear idea we can have about Chinese civilisation in that remote period.它们是迄今为止在中国所发现的最早的历史资料，将中国遥远的古代文明清晰地展现在我们面前。在这里，they 指代前面句子中出现的 oracle bones。2.Bes
581、ides,writing on such“paper”was a very complicated process.除此之外，在这样的“纸”上“书写”是一个非常复杂的过程。writing on such“paper”是动名词词组作主语。3.You can imagine how hard it must have been to carve characters on.你可以想象在上刻字有多么的困难。此处“must+现在完成时”表示对过去的行为或状态较为肯定的推测。例如：It must have rained last night because the ground is wet.昨晚肯定下
582、了雨，因为地上是湿的。Reading Further1.Animals have a few cries that serve as signals,but even the highest apes have not been able to pronounce words after some professional instruction.动物会发出充当信号的几声叫喊，但即使是最高等的动物类人猿，甚至在经过最专门的强化训练后也还是不会说出话来。此处 serve as 表示“其作用是；作为”。例如：The sofa serves as a bed for a night or two.沙
583、发可充当暂时过夜的床。2.There are those who think that in this respect picture language developed before oral language.有些人认为，在这方面绘画语言的发展先于口头语言。in this respect 表示“在这方面”。例如：In this respect,he can be regarded as a brave man.从这方面来看，他能被视为一个勇敢的人。3.Agriculture met with violent resistance from the people who lived a m
584、oving life on the grassland,but the agricultural way of life became popular in the end because of the physical comforts it provided.农业曾受到游牧部落的强烈抵制，但是，由于农业提供了舒适的物质生活，这种生活方式终于得以流行开来。Notes1094.At the end of this long period,civilisation had spread across much of the inhabitable parts of the globe.在此漫长的
585、时期结束时，文明发展已扩展到地球上适于居住的绝大多数地区。此处 this long period 指上文中所提到的“公元前3 000年直至工业革命的开始”。Challenging Yourself B Remarkable Contribution1.Discovering the past begins with a step towards exploring the places we know as the wonders of the world.探索我们所知的世界奇迹之地是发现、了解过去的第一步。2.In doing so,they created steps in the hil
586、ls where they could maximise the use of land space and plant their rice.借此他们就在丘陵上建造了阶梯，从而将用地空间最大化，并种植水稻。in doing so 指代前文的“dug them out with their bare hands and early methods”。3.These rice terraces are irrigated by means of mountain streams and springs that have been tapped and channeled into canals
587、 that run downhill through the rice terraces.山涧小溪、清泉被引入自上而下在梯田穿流而过的水渠，将梯田予以灌溉。4.It is said that their length,if connected end to end,would encircle half of the globe.据说如果把它们连接在一起，总长度可以围绕地球半圈 if connected end to end 作为插入语，connected end to end 是过去分词作状语，加上连词 if，实际是省略了 they were 的状语从句。这里用的是虚拟语气，所以用 woul
588、d。Unit 5 VR and our LifeReading Actively1.Have you ever wanted to sing onstage with Taylor Swift,run an Olympic 100 metres,go to Mars,or save the world with the Avengers?你是否曾经梦想和泰勒斯威夫特同台演唱，在奥运会100米赛道上驰骋，登陆火星，或者是和复仇者联盟中的英雄们一起拯救世界呢？onstage 此处用作副词，修饰动词sing；意思是“在舞台上；在前台”。2.With the rise of virtual reali
589、ty,you might be able to do all these thingsand many morewithout even leaving your home.虚拟现实技术的兴起将使你足不出户便能实现前面所有的愿望，甚至是更多。破折号之间的信息为进一步补充的内容。3.Ivan Sutherland is the inventor of the first HMD and Myron Krueger,the audio wiz.Ivan Sutherland是头盔显示器的发明人，而Myron Krueger是一位音效奇才。早在1968年，美国ARPA信息处理技术办公室主任Ivan
590、Sutherland建立了“达摩克里斯之剑”头盔显示器，它被认为是世界上第一个头盔显示器。wiz是wizard的缩写形式，意思是“天才；大师；奇才”。4.Thanks to these inventors,the technology has now come of age.正是因为有了上述发明家，（VR）这项技术才得以走向成熟。come of age意思是“走向成熟；达到法定年龄”。例如：Computers really come of age when they become affordable and easy to use.电脑变得经济实惠、使用方便，才真正地成熟了。5.Loss o
591、f ones sense of direction and position,sea sickness,nausea and headaches are among the symptoms some experience after using virtual-reality equipment for extended Notes110periods.长时间使用虚拟现实装置后，有些人会有诸如丧失方向感、晕船、反胃、头疼等症状。sickness除了有“患病；疾病”之意外，还可以表示“恶心；呕吐”之意。Some experience.为省略了that的定语从句，修饰symptoms。6.A f
592、ew people may have flashbacks hours or days after their virtual-reality encounter.少部分人在经历了虚拟现实后可能会出现数小时甚至几天的闪回性症状。flashbacks是指在重大创伤性事件发生后，患者有各种形式的反复发生的闯入性、创伤性体验重现。患者常常以非常清晰的、极端痛苦的方式进行着这种“重复体验”。Reading Further1.In order to be fluent in any given language,or have a sound grasp of it,you have to be imm
593、ersed in an enviroment where it is the primary medium of communication.学习者必须使自己沉浸于将所学语言作为首要交流手段的环境中，以便流利地使用这门语言，或者正确掌握它的各种规则。sound在本句中作形容词，意思是“全面的”，与前面f luent对应。作者在这里谈及掌握语言的两个方面，即“流利的口语和全面掌握”。2.The latter,House of Languages,is already available on the Gear VR.后者名为House of Languages的应用程序已经能够在Gear VR上
594、使用。Gear VR又名三星Gear VR，是韩国三星公司推出的一款虚拟现实头戴式显示器。Unit 6 AI and Our FutureReading Actively1.She is able to process speech and have conversations,using voice recognition technology and other tools.她能够使用声音识别技术和其他工具理解语言和进行对话。这里的using voice recognition technology and other tools是现在分词作状语的用法。2.The term AI was
595、coined in 1956 by John McCarthy,an American computer scientist.约翰麦卡锡，一位美国计算机科学家，于1956年首次使用了“人工智能”这一术语。此处coin作为动词，表示to invent a new word or expression,or to use one in a particular way for the first time，中文意思是“创造；杜撰（新词或新的表达）；首次使用（某一词语）”。3.Common AI applications in this area include a chatbot,a comput
596、er program used online to answer questions and assist customers,to help arrange follow-up appointments or aiding patients through the billing process,and virtual health assistants that provide basic medical feedback.人工智能在医疗保健这一领域常见的应用有：聊天机器人（一种在网上使用的计算机程序，可以回答问题和协助客户，帮助安排治疗结束以后的随访或在开票进程中协助病患）和能够提供基本
597、医疗反馈的虚拟健康助理。a computer program used online to.the billing process作chatbots的同位语，解释说明 chatbots。4.With all the excitement about AI thats“just around the corner”self-driving cars,instant machine translation,etc.AI is affecting the lives of regular people from moment to moment.令人兴奋不已的人工智能就在眼前，比如自动驾驶汽车、即时
598、机器翻译等，它正时时刻刻地影响着普通人的生活。“with.”部分是伴随状语。破折号之间的内容为对AI的举例说明。Notes111Reading Further1.The process of learning,comparing a previous experience,making a decision and acting upon it is the key to human intelligence.学习、比较过去的经历、做出决定并按此行事，这个过程就是人类智能的关键所在。这个句子中，The process of learning,comparing a previous exper
599、ience,making a decision and acting upon it 整体作为主语。2.Each neuron is like a tiny individual switch in a net of billions of such neurons.Whenever a particular piece of information,like someones telephone number reaches your brain,it creates a pattern of on and off switches using these neurons.数以十亿计的神经元
600、组成一个网络，其中每个神经元都像一个单独的小开关一样。当你的大脑接收到一条特定信息，比如某个人的电话号码，大脑就会通过这些神经元的开关状态的组合创造出一种特定的模式。3.Each nerve cell or neuron in our brain acts like a light bulb.It creates a particular pattern on receiving an input.我们大脑中的每个神经细胞或神经元就像一个电灯泡一样运作。每当接收到一种输入，它就会创造出一种特定模式（即有的电灯泡打开，有的电灯泡关闭的状态）。4.And when we try to rememb
601、er the same number,we simply try to recreate that pattern,unlike the lights which need to be switched on or off every time that pattern needs to be created.当我们想要记起这个号码时，我们（的大脑）只需要再现该模式（无数神经元开关状态的组合）即可。不像电灯，每次要建立这个模式时都要打开或关闭相应的灯。Challenging Yourself C High-tech Innovation1.Following the flag handover
602、,an eight-minute show presented by China conveyed greetings from the 2022 hosts to the world in a high-tech visual feast.在会旗交接仪式后，中国展示了时长八分钟的演出，以高科技的视觉盛宴向世界传达了2022年东道主的问候。presented by China是后置定语，修饰show。句子的谓语是conveyed。2.The show was facilitated by transparent projection screens playing images of mode
603、rn China powered by robots skating with human artists disguised as pandas.这一演出通过透明投影屏完成，它播放的是现代中国的映像，并且由机器人与扮作熊猫的艺术家们一起滑冰，推动整场演出的进行。playing images of.是后置定语，修饰transparent projection screens。句子的结构是被动句，主语是The show，谓语是was facilitated。3.The technologies used in the show are already helping Chinese factor
604、ies boost efficiency.应用到这场表演中的科学技术已经大力提升了中国科技工厂的实力。副词already一般用于动词的完成时态，例如：He has already left.他已经离开了。already也可用于行为动词的进行时态中，表示完成意义。例如：We are already working.我们已经在工作了。112Word Learning Booster 的词汇为课标要求掌握的词汇；的词汇为只需要理解的词汇；蓝色词汇为根据构词法复现相关的初中或高中已学词汇。转弯（）断言（）长满草的；草绿色的（）踩出（路）（）同样地（）环境（）岔路；餐叉（）犹豫（）踌躇；犹豫 遭遇；遇到
605、（）无数的；数不清的（）可计数的；可计算的 照字面地；逐字地（）生命线（）危机；紧要关头（的 复数形式）（）变化；转弯（）完全相同的（）失望（）使失望 哲学的（）哲学 引用的（）引用 象征；象征主义（）象征；符号 激发；使产生灵感（）解释；翻译（）解释；翻译 说明；口译 分歧（）生长在大树下 的灌木（）叹息；叹气（）困境；进退两难（）比喻地；象征 性地（）暗喻；隐喻（）隐喻地；用比喻（）蜿蜒；曲折（）命运（）做出选择（）在森林里（）与有关（）充满（）非常多的（）诗节（）结合（）引起；驱使（），投资（）投资 全部的（）大多数（）健康；幸福（）孔子（）儒家思想；儒家（）113Word Learni
606、ng Booster 刺激；鼓舞（）情形（）取得成功（）最终（）哲学家（）教授（）步伐；速度（）学术的（）评价；评估（）现实的（），脚印；足迹（）铁锹；铲子（）使沙沙作响（）毅力；坚持 不懈（）在前面（）西班牙语（）需求（）下降（）过度拥 挤的（）翻译家；译员（）屠夫（）拥挤；果酱（）不自在的（）大学二年级学生（）享有特权的（）芳香的（）主修（）而不是（）在的敦促下（）结束（）高度膨胀地（）蜂拥而至（）行为出人意料的（）冒险（）尽管（）不限制（）绕道到（）有幸（）找到自己的路（）棍棒；俱乐部（）放慢 慢的（）未被点燃的（）雪茄（）香烟；纸烟 钻石（）分手 部分（）大衣；外套（）立即；直接地（）
607、到达者（）释放（）明智的（）打开（）朴素的；简单的（）敏锐的（）伤痕（）别针（）盖子（）使快速旋转（）大声说出（）中等地（）耀眼的光（）罗马人（）狮子鼻；塌鼻子（）沉着的（）发抖 发抖（）照例（）偶尔（）在门口（）弄清楚（）赚钱（）实现（）出现（）114Word Learning Booster 抽出；拔出（）存在（）长了一点（）手挽手地（）被捕（），发生（）讨论；对待（）在极大程度上；多半（）女服务员（）故事（）提升（）艺术的（）深思的（）极度地；绝 望地（）极度的；绝望的 一套梳子（）期望（）兴奋；激动（）讽刺；反语（）悬念（）敏锐的；激烈的（）独特的（）观点（）扭曲的（），删除（）不必要
608、的；多余的（）感情上地（）联系；关系（）被误导的（）不利的（）剧作家（）参考（）引用（）告诉（）希腊人；希腊语（）戏剧（）二中选一（）即时性（）肤浅（）乐趣；享受（）熟悉；精通（）韵律；米（）节奏（）创造力（）首创精神（）最初的 劳动力（）使人重新振作的（）深一层的（）方面；维度（）第三的（）义务的；必 修的（）典故；暗示（）限制（）广泛性；普遍性（）美的（）在当今时代（）未能（）一些；一系列（）抛弃（）有把握做（）应付；处理（）接触（）尤其，特别（）通常；总之（）抱怨（）误解；误会（）喜爱；钟爱（）口吻；口气（）115Word Learning Booster 可恨的；可恶的（）空白；空虚；
609、单调（）空白的；空虚的；单调的 错误；缺点；毛病（）冲动的；易冲动的（）离婚 离婚（）拖住某人；耽误某人（）对我而言（）使崩溃（）保持醒着的；保持清醒（）为了某人（起见）（）逃避；回避（）过去常常做（）熟练地（）熟练的 相等的事物 等于（）不舒服的（）应受，应得（）朝廷；庭院；法庭（）绝妙的；杰出的（）明明白白（）清晰的 真诚地（）使困惑 困惑（）数量（）置换；挤出（）体积；量；册（）健忘的（）灵感（）王冠（）金匠（）帽子；头盔（）天平（）手艺；工艺（）块状（）黄铜（）浴缸（）跳，跳跃（）塑造成（）召集，招来（）反复考虑（）既然（）谈及，说到（）知道，了解（）乐于（）解决（）损害（）进入（）等
610、于（）毫无疑问地（）瓷器（），著名的（）改革家（）创始人（）创立，建立 护理（）全面的（）绰号；昵称（）灯（）公认的（）以命名（）籍贯（）进步的（）过着积极向上的生活（）不知疲倦地（）遗产（）证据（），轶事（）116Word Learning Booster 影子；阴影（）农业的（）农业；农学 全国范围的（）国家 产量；出产（）农田；耕地（）饥饿；渴望（）海水（）商业的（）产量；生产（）高粱（）扫帚（）花生（）杂交水稻（）饥荒（）悲痛的；悲剧的（）品种（）高产的（）产量；收益 屈服（）彻底改革（）被称为（）在做出了巨大贡献（）遭受（）留下了深刻 印象（）努力做（）从那以后（）专心从事（）起初（
611、）经过十多年的 努力（）使领先（）受到奖励（）面对（）众多的荣誉（）引起 全世界的关注（）处于危险中（）花时间做某事（）做某事永远不 会太迟（）祖先（）现象（的复数）（）遥远的；偏僻的（）随后的；以后的（）浇铸（）尝试 尝试（）永久的；永恒的（）昂贵的（）实用的（）媒介；方法（）雕刻（）用线穿起来 线（）作为结果的（）使轻松；减轻（）最后；终于（）紧急的；急迫的（）方便的（）捣烂 英镑；（量词）磅（）便宜的；廉价的（）广泛的；广为流传的（）乌龟（）壳；贝壳（）雕（）铭文；题词（）蒸煮器；锅（）带；条状（）破布（）117Word Learning Booster 原料；要素（）糊状物（）层；膜（
612、）耐用的（）成就（）除以外（还）（）迄今为止（）重达（）急需（）把切成（）把捣成（）到处（）点；原点（）版次（）发行 发行（），修正；复习（）可移动的（）排字（）影响（）真的很遗憾（）即（）印刷（术）（）火药（）指南针（）起到重要作用（）缺点；短处（）显然的（）耗时的（）引人注目的（）被视为一场革命（）原始的（）后者（）不清楚的（）优秀的；出众的（）显然地；似乎（）聪明的（）书面的（）改善的质量（）土地（）基本的；根本的（）文明的；有礼貌的（）扩大；伸展（）延伸；扩展 工业的（）猿（）叙事；讲述 叙事的（）洞穴（）黎明；开端（）科技的；技术上的（）革命的（）革命 在的发展中（）毫无疑问（）对是
613、必不可少的（）的数量（是）（）用于（）就这方面而言（）肩并肩地（）持某种意见；倾向于（）在很久以前（）最后；最终（）从中发展而来（）做记录（记载）（）习惯于（）打算；意指（）（两者）都不（）与相比（）118Word Learning Booster 探索；探险（）当地居民（）向上（）山坡；山腹；山腰（）空的（）几乎不；仅仅 达到最大值（）形成河道 通道；频道（）灌溉水渠；运河（）下坡（）人类（）位于（）位置；地点 起重要作用（）全球的；全局地；世界上（）全球的 地球；地球仪 承认（）委员会（）目的地；终点（）里程碑（）公民的；民间的（）平民，百姓 梯田（）灌溉（）接通（）功绩（）高地；高度（）
614、维护；维修（）在底部（）挖成；挖出（）用；依靠（）有个长；比 长倍（）直到（）显示迹象（）寻找；搜寻（）结果（）位于（）被承认的（）虚拟的（）事实上；几乎（）伤害；损害（）真实的；实际的（）最近的（）外科（手术）（）游览；旅行 旅途（）耳机（）远距离办公（）边界；范围（）显著地（）当然；肯定地（）上瘾的；入迷的（）疾病；呕吐（）设备（）火星（）奇才（）过多的；极度的（）断开（）症状；征兆（）迷幻药效；幻觉重现（）不间断的；持续的（）与在舞台上唱歌（）奥林匹克百米跑（）随着崛起（）其他；更多（）由于；幸亏（）119Word Learning Booster 成年（）梦见；向往（）做准备工作；筹办
615、（）朝走去（）扫描（）上传到（）策划；为做准备（）提前（）如此沉迷于（）与现实脱节（）除之外（）失去方位感（）长时间（）数小时或数天之后（）人造卫星（）克隆（），叽喳而鸣（）尝试（）三维仿真（）与相互作用（）在户外（）逃避；摆脱（）超速（）失去知觉的；无意识的（）飞行模拟器（）察觉 香味（）薰衣草；淡紫色（）复杂的；富有经验的（）感官经验（）使得到消遣（）在特定的地方（）在特定的时间（）博彩；游戏（）许多（），隐私（）知心的；亲密的（）表现方式；陈述（）观察者（）运输（）视觉的（）刺激（的 复数）（）沉浸（）主要的（）良好的（）帮助 方式；模式（）改变；转换（）相互作用的（）有关联的（）使转移
616、（）途径；方法；大街（）语言的；语言 学的（）装置（）前者（）后者（）动画浣熊（）思维泡泡（）教育部门（）被授予（）仅限于（）牢记（）近年来（）会说流利的（）掌握良好（）全身心投入于（）有足够的机会 接触（）更有可能（）接触；体验（）填补这一缺口（）希望；力求（）遥远（）120Word Learning Booster 荣誉（）明显的；不同的 公民身份（）创新（）人造的；人工的（）智力；智能（）维持；支撑（）处理；加工（）识别（）功能的（）起步的；行进中的（）当前（）金融（）金融的；财政的 执行（）交易（）帮助（）使自动化（）额外的（）非人类的（）使心烦 烦恼的（）卫生保健（）诊断（）后续的（
617、）账单流程（）反馈（）家庭教师；导师（）很荣幸（）被认可的（）对某事生气（）具有幽默感（）由于（）被装有（）被升级（）被创造（）处于最前沿（）看起来是一样的（）上网（）与连接（）应用于（）许多的（）以自己的节奏（）指日可待（）超越；胜过（）行政人员；管理者（）管理；行政 自动地（）自动的；无意 识的 适应（）适应，顺应 机器人的（），放心（）接管（）空难（）规划 项目（）不同寻常的（）小说；虚构（）提出；想出（）人性；人类（）！假使将会 如何（）智力的（），联盟（）发布（）人类智能（）121Word Learning Booster 数量；总额（）合逻辑的；合理的（）结论；结局（）推断；做结论
618、 充满的（）包装 袋 细胞；电池；单人小室（）投入；输入线路（）神经网络（）密集地（）神经元（）神经细胞（）电灯泡（）做出决定（）遵照（）从那时起（）执行职能任务（）储存大量 信息（）由组成（）数以百万计的（）数以亿计的（）大量的（）韩国（）共和国（）艺术的（）世界著名的（）电影制片人（）开幕式（）有价值；数数（）帮助；促进（）现场转播的（）包含；使陷入（）不可能的事（）表演者（）视觉（）促进；增加（）效率；效能（）有效率的；高效的 加强；巩固（）赢得的喝彩（）熄灭（）火焰（）市长（）对应的人或物（）会旗交接（）传达；表达（）高科技的视觉盛宴（）作品展示 使展现（）深厚的；渊博的（）透明的（）
619、投影屏幕（）移动式机器人（）滑旱冰（）巨大的 巨人（）大规模的（）自动化（）制造商（）制 造业的 先进的；尖 端的（）激光（）拥抱（）毫无疑问（）装扮（）伴着耀眼的灯光（）展现冰 上运动的魅力（）在过去的二十年里（）各种复杂的 动作（）随着（）集中；聚焦（）与混合（）122 The following list of special words from the tips,directions and grammar parts are helpful for your learning.They are arranged in alphabetic order and their Chine
620、se meanings are given for your reference.Glossaryanecdote轶事antithesis对仗argument 论点argumentative 论证性的bar graph 柱状图clarifi cation澄清，阐明elaboration详细阐述end rhyme尾韵exclamation mark 感叹号future continuous tense将来进行时linking verb系动词parallelism平行past continuous tense过去进行past perfect tense 过去完成时态repetition重复reso
621、lution结局rhetorical device修辞手法rhetorical questions修辞问句（反问句或设问句）rhyme scheme押韵；押韵格式rising action（情节的）发展scheme押韵格式symbolism象征手法telegraph style电报式文体风格123Personal Dictionary根据教育部制订的普通高中英语课程标准(2017版)、由重庆大学出版社组织编写的普通高中教科书英语，得到了教育界诸多前辈、专家和学者的热情帮助和大力支持。在高中英语教科书出版之际，我们衷心感谢从教材修订工作伊始就一直支持我们的各位前辈、专家和学者，感谢各省市的高中英语教研员及一线教师，感谢所有对本套教材提出修改意见、提供帮助和支持的朋友们。希望教师和同学们在使用本套教材的过程中与我们保持联系，及时反馈在使用中发现的问题，提出宝贵的意见和建议，以利我们更好地完善教材。让我们携手同行，为我国高中英语教材建设做出积极的贡献。联系方式：电话:023-88617134 023-88617133 版权所有。未经许可，本书的任何部分 不得以任何方式在世界任何地区以任何 文字翻印、拷贝、仿制或转载。后 记