1、第二编 语法部分第1讲冠词单句语法填空单句写作1.(2019全国卷)When we got a call saying she was shortlisted, we thought it was _ joke.答案：a空格后的joke为辅音音素开头，其前用a泛指“一个笑话”。2.(2018全国卷)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.答案：the此处特指过去的25年。3.(2017全国卷)As _ result, p
2、eople will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.答案：aas a result “因此，结果”为固定搭配。4.(2016全国卷)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.答案：afor a while “一会儿”为固定搭配。5.(2015全国卷)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo
3、Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _ most modern of architects and engineers.答案：the形容词最高级前应用定冠词the。1.(2019全国卷)我的每一个咖啡馆将有一个不同的主题和独特的风格。Each of my cafes will have _ _ theme and _ _ style.答案：a differentan unique 2.(2017天津高考)不幸的是，我刚拿出我的照相机，一位女士从后面靠近我，正好把她自己呈现于我的视线前。Unfortunately, just
4、 as I took out my camera, _ _ approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view.答案：a woman3.(2017浙江高考)对Pahlsson来说，它的回归真是个奇迹。For Pahlsson, its return was _ _.答案：a wonder4.(2016浙江高考)给这次比赛赢家的奖励是为期两周的巴黎度假。_ prize for the winner of _ competition is _ _ holiday in Paris.答案：Thethea twow
5、eek5.(2015浙江高考)当我有不同的想法时，我会选择放弃而尊重多数人的意见。When I have _ _ _， I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.答案：a different opinion考点1冠词的泛指与特指泛指是指首次提到的、不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，也可以指说话双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。冠词的泛指、特指用法归纳如下：特指：the单数名词/复数名词/不可数名词Where is the teacher you talked about yesterda
6、y?昨天你谈论的那位老师在哪里？考点2不定冠词a, an的用法不定冠词的基本用法1不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”，相当于some/a certain，意为“一个”，或首次提到的泛指的人或事物A young man wants to see you.有个年轻人想见你。Could you tell me the way to Johnsons home, please?Sorry, we dont have a Johnson here in the village.请告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走？对不起，这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。2抽象名词具体化的情况下，不定冠词a/an用于抽象名词前，表示具体
7、的人或事物It is a success for a country to host the Olympic Games.对于一个国家来说，主办奥运会是一件成功的事。3表示一类人或物，指同类中的任何一个A teacher must be strict with his students.教师必须对他的学生严格要求。4用于单数名词前表示身份、职业，尤其用在作表语或补足语的名词前The Whites wanted their daughter to be a musician.怀特夫妇想要他们的女儿成为音乐家。5用在表示数量、长度、时间等的计数单位的名词前，表示“每一”The car moves
8、100 miles an hour.这辆小汽车以每小时100英里的速度行驶。注意(1)不定冠词在句中的位置such a/an单数可数名词；quite a/an单数可数名词；rather a/an单数可数名词。如果修饰名词的形容词前有so, as, too, how等副词，则不定冠词一般放在形容词和名词之间。He is as clever a boy as Tom.他是一个像汤姆一样聪明的男孩。It is too difficult a book for beginners.这本书对初学者来说太难了。(2)不定冠词a与an的区别以辅音音素开头的单词前使用a，以元音音素开头的单词前使用an。但要注
9、意以下两种情况：有些单词开头的辅音字母并不发音，即该单词的读音实际上是以元音音素开头的，要使用an，如：an hour，an honest man。有些单词以元音字母开头，但该单词的读音实际上是以辅音音素开头，要使用a，如：a university，a European country。含有不定冠词的常考短语have a cold感冒have a good time玩得高兴have a gift for有的天赋have a word with与谈话have/take a rest休息一下have a holiday度假make/earn a living谋生get a lift/ride搭便车
10、go on a diet节食as a result因此as a matter of fact事实上as a rule通常，照例after a while一会儿后in a hurry匆忙地in a sense在某种意义上in a word总之in a moment立刻once in a while偶尔at a loss困惑，不知所措at a distance离一段距离，从远处for a while一会儿once upon a time从前all of a sudden突然a waste of . 的浪费a matter of . 的问题have a population of有人口have a
11、history of有的历史a collection of一批a knowledge of (know)知道an understanding of (understand)懂得注意通常成对出现的名词(被视为一套)，一般只用一个不定冠词。如：a knife and fork(一副刀叉)。考点3定冠词the的用法定冠词的基本用法1用在表示特指的人或物的名词前，尤其指上文提到过的(第二次提到的)或谈话双方都明确的人或物，也可指上文未提到但谈话双方都知道的人或物The book on the desk is mine.书桌上的那本书是我的。Would you mind turning down the
12、 radio a little? The baby is sleeping.请把收音机音量调小点好吗？那个婴儿正在睡觉。2用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表示发明物等的名词前As is known to us, the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。We are living in an age when many things can be done on the Internet.我们生活在一个很多事情都可以在因特网上完成的时代。注意有些事物虽然也是独一无二的，但习惯上却不用冠词。如：space(太空)，nature(自然)
13、，man(人类)等。3用在序数词和形容词、副词最高级前面Liu Yang is the first woman who has been into space in China.在中国，刘洋是第一位进入太空的女性。He is the tallest one in our class.他是我们班个子最高的。4用在表示计量的名词前，如：by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等，但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如：by weight/height等Its said John will be in a job paying
14、 over $60,000 a year.Right, he will also get paid by the week.据说约翰会得到一份年薪超过60,000美元的工作。是的，而且会按周付薪。5用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前It is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties went to university for further education.在二十世纪九十年代五十多岁的人上大学进修并不罕见。注意“a/an序数词”不表示排序，表示“又一，再一”；另外，不定冠词a用于“most形容词原级”之前无比较含义，表示
15、程度，意为“很，非常”。What disappointed the Chinese most is that the national football team was kicked out of the Asian Cup a second time， with four points from three matches.最让中国人失望的是国家足球队又一次被踢出了亚洲杯，三场比赛只得了四分。Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with？The younger one.He is a most humorous man.那对双胞胎兄
16、弟哪一个较容易相处？较小的那一个。他是一个非常幽默的人。6“动词sb.介词the身体某一部位”结构中，定冠词the不可用形容词性物主代词替代An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.一个苹果从树上落下，砸在他的头上。注意在be red in the face (脸红)，be lame in the right leg (右腿瘸)，be blind in the left eye (左眼盲)等结构中，名词前也要用the。7定冠词与形容词连用，可以表示一类人或事物the rich富人；the wounded伤员；the true, th
17、e good and the beautiful真、善、美。8用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。定冠词的固定搭配in the end最后，终于in the daytime在白天in the habit of习惯于make the most/best of充分利用in the distance在远处in the way挡路on the whole总的来说on the right/left在右/左面at the same time同时at the moment
18、此刻for the time being暂时in the public eye广为人知的go to the doctors去看医生by the way顺便说；顺便问一下the other day前几天on the radio/phone通过无线电/电话on the spot在场；当下；在现场；在原地to tell (you) the truth说实话，老实说go to the cinema去看电影not in the least (not at all)一点也不on the one hand ., on the other (hand) . 一方面，另一方面for the most part通
19、常，多半考点4零冠词的用法零冠词的基本用法1表示泛指意义的复数名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、人名、地名等前，一般不加冠词Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction.萨拉满意地看着那幅完工的油画。2名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, each, no, any等限定时不再用冠词She is not my type of woman.她不是我心目中的那类女人。3季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科、球类、棋类等名称前一般不加冠词Spring is the best season of t
20、he year.春天是一年中最好的季节。注意(1)在有形容词修饰的表示一日三餐、季节、日期及世上独一无二的事物等的名词前面，通常使用不定冠词。I was invited to have a good breakfast and the restaurant we went to was excellent.我应邀吃了一顿丰盛的早餐，并且我们去的餐馆也很好。We had a cold winter last year.去年冬天我们这儿很冷。The old couple sat together, enjoying a bright moon.那对老夫妇坐在一起欣赏一轮明月。(2)抽象名词表示具体
21、事物时，变为可数名词，可被a/an修饰，也可有复数形式。honour 令人感到荣耀的人或事pleasure 令人感到高兴的人或事success 成功的人或事failure 失败的人或事comfort 令人感到安慰的人或事surprise 令人感到惊讶的人或事worry 令人感到烦恼的人或事beauty 美丽的人或事物wonder 令人感到惊奇的人或事/奇迹shock 令人感到震惊的人或事4在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。但需注意take a bus, in a boat, on the train/bus结构中需用冠词5在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词前不加冠词Ch
22、ild as/though she is, she knows too much French.尽管她是一个孩子，但她知道很多法语。6系动词turn后跟表职业的名词时，名词前不加冠词The young girl has turned writer.The young girl has become a writer.这个年轻女孩已经成为一位作家。7no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词前不用冠词Everything comes with a price; there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.一切都是有代价的，
23、天下没有免费的午餐。8高考中常见的不可数名词有：baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space (太空), advice, progress, information, news, luck, wealth (财产)等，不能与不定冠词连用Beyond the stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.除了星星，那个宇航员只看见太空，看不到别的东西。9称呼语前面不用冠词，表示头衔和职务(这种职务一般只由一人担任)的名词的前面也常不用冠词What does this word mean,
24、Father?这个词是什么意思，爸爸？Mrs Johnson is director of the office.约翰逊太太是办公室主任。零冠词的常见固定搭配give way to 给让路 take part in 参加on hand 在手头 by chance/accident 碰巧地on purpose 故意地 for example 例如ahead of time 提前 in advance 提前in debt 负债 by mistake 错误地，无意中under repair 处于维修中 lose heart 灰心day and night 夜以继日地 catch fire 着火fro
25、m morning till night 从早到晚face to face 面对面地 out of control 失控out of work 失业 in danger 处于危险之中at risk 有危险at dawn/noon/dusk/night 在黎明/正午/黄昏/夜晚in place 在恰当的位置 heart and soul 全心全意地考点5冠词活用冠词常见的活用情况1and连接的两个名词指同一个人或事物时，后一个名词前不用任何冠词；但如果指不同的人或事物，则两个名词前要分别加冠词The teacher and writer has come to the meeting.这位老师兼
26、作家来参加会议了。2表示独一无二的职位、头衔、称呼的名词作表语、同位语或补语时，其前一般不用任何冠词；但是如果这样的名词在句中作主语，则前面须加theMandela, president of South Africa, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1997.(同位语)南非(前)总统曼德拉于1997年被授予诺贝尔和平奖。Mr Smith is head of the company.(表语)史密斯先生是该公司的经理。The head of the company is Mr Smith.(主语)这家公司的经理是史密斯先生。3表示西洋乐器的名
27、词前常加定冠词，但是当此类名词用作普通名词表示泛指时，可以与不定冠词连用。另外，中国乐器前不加冠词She is learning to play the piano.她在学弹钢琴。She is playing a borrowed violin.她正在拉一把借来的小提琴。意义不同的几组搭配误区不定冠词a和an的误用【误】The Wilsons live in a Ashaped house near the coast. It is an 17th century cottage.【正】The Wilsons live in an Ashaped house near the coast. I
28、t is a 17th century cottage.分析Ashaped的读音以元音音素开头，其前应用an；而17th (seventeenth)的读音是以辅音音素开头，所以其前应用a。误区冠词的缺失错误【误】My father was born and raised in small village in Kenya.【正】My father was born and raised in a small village in Kenya.分析village是可数名词，此处泛指“一个小村子”，且small的读音是以辅音音素开头的，故small前用a。误区冠词的多余错误【误】Its a gre
29、at fun to jump into the river and swim in the hot summer.【正】Its great fun to jump into the river and swim in the hot summer.分析fun是不可数名词，不与冠词连用。误区不定冠词a(n)和定冠词the的误用【误】Its the world of wonders, the world where anything can happen.【正】Its a world of wonders, a world where anything can happen.分析世界上独一无二的事
30、物前一般用定冠词，但当此名词带有定语修饰且表泛指时，前面应用不定冠词。误区对抽象名词具体化的应用判断失误【误】The Christmas evening party was success.【正】The Christmas evening party was a_success.分析抽象名词前一般不用冠词，但当具体化为“一件事/一个人”时，则可加冠词，此为抽象名词具体化的用法。误区冠词在一些固定结构中的误用(1)【误】Mrs Taylor has an eightyearold daughter who has the gift for paintingshe has won two nati
31、onal prizes.【正】Mrs Taylor has an eightyearold daughter who has a gift for paintingshe has won two national prizes.分析have a gift for为固定结构，意为“有的天赋”。(2)【误】Our teacher is kind to us and he often has words with us.【正】Our teacher is kind to us and he often has a_word with us.分析have a word with为固定结构，意为“与谈话
32、”。1.单句语法填空I earn 10 dollars _ hour as _ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9storey building.The teacher asked us to write _ 800word composition.The little boy took the blind man by _ arm and walked him across the
33、street.They are twins, so they are of _ age.答案：an; athe; aanthean2根据汉语提示用冠词(含零冠词)填空一个叫史密斯的先生正在外面等你。_ Mr Smith is waiting for you outside.一轮新月悬挂在天空中。_ new moon is hanging in _ sky.它是一本非常有用的词典。It is _ most useful dictionary.李先生是会议的主席。Mr Li is _ chairman of the meeting.消息传来，他儿子死于战争中。_ (W)word came that his son died in the war.答案：AA; thea不填不填