1、 “沙暴”和“沙尘暴”是同义词。它是指强风将地面上的大量沙尘卷入空中，使空气特别浑浊，水平能见度低于1 000米的天气现象。在古今中外的历史上有哪些严重或恐怖的沙尘暴呢？How often do you think about sandstorms? Maybe not very often. But here we are going to see a few famous sandstorms out of many throughout history.Australia, September 22nd, 2009This one was cruel because it made Au
2、stralia look like another planet in an entire week. It looked like that the photos documenting the sandstorm were edited by someone who was severely color blind. The entire southern continent was painted orangered, but people still tried to go about their day as if 5 million tons of dust hadnt blown
3、 through their respiratory system(呼吸系统)Pakistan, July 4th, 2007On this day, a sandstorm swept through the nation and shocked everyone with its hazy blinding sheets of sand. Everyone thought itd be over within a day. However, it poured for several days, displacing homes and flooding people to death.
4、Temperatures ranged from 131 F during the day to 30 F at night and about 200 people died due to this sandstorm.North America, 19301935Farmers were very disappointed about this one. During the 1930s, North American regions from New Mexico to Saskatchewan underwent serious sandstorms before World War
5、. This was known as“The Dust Bowl” and it struck right around the time of the Great Depression. If you ask your elderly friends about it, theyll probably have something interesting to say. Let me give you an idea of how exhausting and annoying the sandstorm was: winds reached up to 60 mph, and it la
6、sted for FIVE YEARS.Niya, China, 400 ADNiya, believed to have flourished from the 1st century BC to the 4th century AD, has remained the best preserved and one of the largest ruins of the city states that were scattered along the ancient Silk Road about 1，500 years ago. The sandstorm was so cruel th
7、at it completely buried this particular region of Western China. It is actually regarded as “Pompeii of the Silk Road.”Another interesting thing to note was that they found white people mummified(使成木乃伊)by this particular sandstorm.Section Introduction & Reading and VocabularyComprehending,重点单词写作词汇1.
8、mass adj.大量的；大规模的2.campaign n. 战役；活动3.process n. 进程；过程4.citizen n公民；市民5.forecast vt. 预报；预告拓展词汇6.frightening adj.吓人的；可怕的fright n害怕；恐惧frighten vt.使害怕frightened adj.害怕的7.dust n沙尘；灰尘dusty adj.满是灰尘的8.strength n力量；力气strengthen vt.加强strong adj.坚强的；强壮的strongly adv.强有力地；坚强地阅读词汇9.sandstorm n沙尘暴10.inland adj.
9、内地的；内陆的11.dune n. 沙丘12.desertification n(土地的)沙漠化13.cycle vi. 骑自行车14.mask n. 面罩重点短语1.cut_down砍倒2.be/get_caught_in 突然遭遇(风暴等)3.as_a_result_of 由于4.wake_up_to认识到，意识到5.prevent_sb.from_doing_sth. 阻止某人做某事6.one_after_another 一个接一个地重点句型1.soadj./adv.that.如此以至于：They are often so_thick_that_you_cannot_see_the_su
10、n(密集得遮天蔽日), and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.2.动词不定式作主语：To_have_been_caught_in_a_sandstorm(被围困在沙尘暴中) was a terrible experience.3.appear to do/to have done sth.(It appears that.)似乎要做/似乎已经做过某事：Sandstorms in China appear_to_have_increased(好像增加了) in recent years as a result of
11、“desertification”.4.make itadj./n.to do sth.(it是形式宾语， 形容词或名词作宾补， 不定式是真正的宾语)：The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes_it_difficult_to_see(使能见度很低).5.不定式作目的状语：To_prevent_it_coming_nearer(为了阻止它越来越靠近), the government is planting trees. Read the text
12、 and match the main idea of each paragraph.1Para.1ASandstorms sometimes affect Beijing.2Para.2BSandstorms do a lot of damage to people.3Para.3CThe government plants trees to prevent sandstorms.4Para.4DSandstorms have been a major disaster for many Asian countries for centuries.5Para.5ESandstorms in
13、Asia.6Para.6FSandstorms in China appear to have increased as a result of “desertification”答案：16.DEFABC Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.1What is the best description about a sandstorm according to the passage?AIt is a major disaster for many Asian countries fo
14、r centuries.BIts strong wind carrying sand.CIt is a way to cause land to become desert.DIts a kind of natural disaster that cant be treated.2What is the main reason for the increase of sandstorm in China recently?ATo be close to many deserts.BThe worsening of the weather in China.CThe result of dese
15、rtification.DPeople cutting down trees and digging up grass.3What is the good suggestion when people meet sandstorm?ANot going out.BIf you go out, just wear thick clothes.CWhen going out, wear a mask.DNever go out, just stay at home.4What is the best way to avoid the effects from the sandstorm?ALivi
16、ng far away from deserts.BStaying at home when a sandstorm happens.CWearing a mask if you want to go out.DPlanting more trees.答案：14.BCCD Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut do
17、wn trees and dig up grass. 翻译这(沙漠化)是一个由于气候变化和人类砍伐树木、铲除草皮而使陆地变成沙漠的过程。2The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see. 翻译这种沙尘暴有时持续一整天，车辆开得很慢，因为浓浓的尘埃降低了能见度。3The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks befo
18、re it arrives in Beijing, but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people. 翻译中国中央气象局能在沙尘暴到达北京前几个周进行预报，但沙尘暴的力量有时很惊人。,sandstormsndstmn.沙尘暴majormeIdadj.主要的；多数的massmsadj.大量的；大规模的campaignkmpeInn.战役；活动enough adv.足够；充分enough作副词时，放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。dunedjunn.沙丘as prep.作为，此处表示在某一年龄段时。be caught in突然遭遇(风
19、暴等)There was nothing to be done.一点儿办法也没有/什么也干不了。survive v幸存；活命appear link v看上去；似乎，此处运用了appear to do的完成式，表动作的完成。desertificationdeztIfIkeInn.(土地的)沙漠化processprsesn.进程；过程in the process of (doing) sth.在(做)某事的过程中cut down砍倒dig up掘出，挖到citizensItIznn.公民；市民wake up to意识到；认识到dustdstn.沙尘；灰尘forecastfkstvt.预报；预告其过
20、去式、过去分词为forecast，forecast或forecasted，forecasted。strengthstren.力量；力气advise sb.(not) to do sth.建议某人(不)做某事cyclesaIklvi.骑自行车breathe v呼吸breath n呼吸had better最好had better后接不带to的动词不定式。maskmskn.面罩continue doing sth.与continue to do sth.用法基本相同，表示“继续做某事”。Sandstormsin AsiaSandstorms have been a majordisaster for
21、 many Asian countries for centuries.Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China，a mass campaignhas been started to help solve it.动词不定式短语to solve this problem作状语，表示目的。Sandstorms are strong，dry winds that carry sandThey are often so thick that you cannot see the sun，and the wind
22、 is sometimes strong enoughto move sand dunes.The four main places in the world where there are sandstorms are Central Asia，North America，Central Africa and Australia.Ren Jianbo，from Inner Mongolia described a terrible sandstorm he experienced as a child in the desert.“To have been caught in a sands
23、torm was a terrible experience，”he said.“There was nothing to be done.It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation Ive ever been in. You just had to hope youd survive.I thought I was going to disappear under the sand.”that carry sand是定语从句，修饰winds，that在从句中作主语。so.that.如此以至于，that引导结果状语从
24、句。where there are sandstorms是定语从句，修饰The four main places，where在从句中作地点状语。he experienced是定语从句，修饰sandstorm，从句中省略了作宾语的关系代词which或that。To have been caught in a sandstorm是动词不定式的完成式作主语。Ive ever been in是定语从句，修饰situation。引导词that或which作介词in的宾语，所以省略了。Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central As
25、ia.Sandstorms begin in desert areas.Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”This is a processthat happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut downtrees and dig upgrass.Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing.Citi
26、zens wake up toan orange sky and strong winds that cover the city in a thick，brownyellow dust.The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see定语从句that cover the city.修饰winds，that在从句中作主语。makes it difficult to see中，it是形式宾语。此处是“make形式宾
27、语宾补真正的宾语”句式。The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing，but the strengthof the storm sometimes surprises people.When a sandstorm arrives in the city，weather experts advise people not to go out.Huang Xiaomei，who lives in Beijing says，“To be cyc
28、lingin a sandstorm is frightening.The winds are very strong.Its difficult to breatheand the dust makes me ill.So if you want to go out，youd betterB24wear a mask.”who lives in Beijing是定语从句，修饰Huang Xiaomei。动词不定式的进行式To be cycling in a sandstorm作主语，此时谓语动词用单数形式。The desert is only 250 kilometres away to t
29、he west of Beijing.To prevent it coming nearer，the government is planting trees.Already the government has planted more than 30 billion trees and plans to continue plantingfor the next five years.To prevent it coming nearer作目的状语。其中运用了prevent sb./sth.(from) doing sth.结构，表示“阻止某人/某物做某事”，from可以省略。亚洲的沙尘暴
30、几百年以来，沙尘暴一直是许多亚洲国家面临的一个主要灾难。科学家们已尝试过许多方法解决这个问题，在中国，一场大规模帮助解决沙尘暴问题的行动已经开始了。沙尘暴是夹带沙尘的强烈而干燥的风。沙尘暴夹带的沙尘含量常常很大，可以遮天蔽日。有时风力强大到可以移动沙丘。世界上沙尘暴发生的四个主要地区是中亚、北美、中非和澳大利亚。来自内蒙古的任建波是这样来描述他小时候在沙漠中遭遇的一次可怕的沙尘暴的：他说：“被困在沙尘暴中的经历真是太可怕了。你一点儿办法也没有。那是我遭遇过的最可怕、最危险的境况。你只能希望自己会活下来。那时候我以为我要被沙子淹没了。”中国的西北地区是中亚沙尘暴中心的一部分。沙尘暴发源于沙漠地区
31、。近些年来沙漠化导致的沙尘暴在中国似乎有所增加。这(沙漠化)是一个由于气候变化和人类砍伐树木、铲除草皮而使陆地变成沙漠的过程。沙尘暴有时候会影响北京。居民醒来时，看到昏黄的天空，狂风夹着厚厚的黄褐色灰尘在城里肆虐。这种沙尘暴有时持续一整天，车辆开得很慢，因为浓浓的尘埃降低了能见度。中国中央气象局能在沙尘暴到达北京前几个周进行预报，但沙尘暴的力量有时很惊人。当沙尘暴到达这个城市时，气象专家建议人们不要外出。家住北京的黄小梅说：“在沙尘暴中骑自行车真可怕。风力很强，呼吸困难，沙尘使我很难受。因此，如果你想外出的话，你最好戴个口罩。”沙漠离北京西部只有250千米远。为阻止沙漠的逼近，政府正在植树。政
32、府已经种植了300多亿棵树，并准备在未来的5年里继续种植。 阅读理解AAs most people know, in the past few years, sandstorms have swept across many cities and areas of North China, polluting the air and disturbing daily lives of human beings. People look dirty and suffer many kinds of illnesses, such as breath difficulty. The sandsto
33、rm is such a serious problem that it has not only undermined the industrial and agricultural development of our country but also caused a lot of trouble to the living conditions of the Chinese people. It is expected that effective(有效的) measures should be taken as soon as possible through our joint e
34、fforts to limit its occurrence.So what should we do with the frightening sandstorms? Some experts put forward practical suggestions as follows: For one thing, more funds(基金) ought to be put into tree planting and forest protection so as to keep more water resources within the surface of the earth. F
35、or another, governments of all countries should make laws on environmental protection. For example, banning the use of throwaway chopsticks and punishing illegal tree cutting. Scientists should also study and find ways to cut down the degree of its destruction and to improve the whole environment.Ho
36、w people look forward to sunny days with little breeze(微风) touching their faces now and forever! Nevertheless, I am fully confident that the golden days can come back so long as everyone tries his best to protect natural environment from today on.【解题导语】本文讲述了沙尘暴对我们的工农业和生活的影响，分析了我们能够采取的多种措施。1The under
37、lined word “undermined” in Paragraph 1 means _AweakenedBencouragedCkeptDmadeA解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，沙尘暴不仅仅“削弱”了工农业的发展，还带来很多生活方面的困难，故选A项。2From the first paragraph, we can infer _AChina has taken no measures to prevent sandstormsBsandstorms can cause much damage to human beings and their daily livesCthe
38、sandstorm is the most dangerous natural disaster to human beingsDmore sandstorms will happen in the near future in North ChinaB解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“but also caused a lot of trouble to the living conditions of the Chinese people”说明沙尘暴会给人们的生活带来很多的麻烦，故B项正确。3How many ways do some experts put forward to fight
39、 against sandstorms?A5.B4.C3.D2.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“For one thing, more funds(基金) ought to.”和“For another, governments of all countries should make laws on environmental protection.”以及“Scientists should also study and find ways to cut down the degree of its destruction and to improve the whole environme
40、nt.”说明文章中提出了3种方法，故C项正确。4Whats the authors attitude towards the situation to sandstorms problems? AUnconfident.BOptimistic.CRegretful.DSatisfied.B解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“I am fully confident that the. environment from today on”说明作者很有信心。故B项正确。BThere has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disa
41、sters over the past few years, and it is believed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future. Some of the worlds leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves. LondonLondons flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier(水闸
42、) has protected the city from the threat of flooding, but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. About 26 years later the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almos
43、t every tide if the problem is not addressed. There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals, an airport and 80 billion worth of property in Londons flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous. Paris Over a six week period in July and August 2003, more than 11，400mainl
44、y elderly peopledied in France from dehydration(脱水) and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave. Heat waves of similar intensity(强度)are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again? One solution is to have airconditioners in
45、stalled in elderly care homes. But this is considered a shortterm solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions(排放). In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower”， which uses a cove
46、ring of bamboo to act as a natural airconditioner. Shanghai Shanghai is one of the fastest growing cities on Earth. It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level. Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20cm within the next century. An estimated 250, 000 people move to Shanghai
47、every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption. China relies heavily on coalfired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons. 【解题导语】近年来全球自然灾害的数量剧增， 据预测， 在将来， 全球变暖， 气候变化将会导致更多的灾难。让我们看一看世界上的大城市将会面临什么样的灾难。
48、5What problem should be settled now in London? AHow to protect the citys property. BWhere to build its flood defences. CHow to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city. DHow to improve the function of the old flood defences. D解析：推理判断题。由“London”部分的首句可知， 伦敦防水设施正在老化， 可推知D项正确。6Which of the following m
49、easures cant solve the heat wave disaster in Paris? APutting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo. BHaving airconditioners installed in elderly care homes.CForbidding the city to build “Flower Tower”. DEncouraging architects to design new types of buildings.C解析：细节理解题。由第六段的.encouraging
50、 architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower”可知是鼓励设计“Flower Tower”式的建筑物而不是禁止。7The purpose of the passage is_. Ato tell us how to protect the big citiesBto give advice on how to defend natural disastersCto explain what causes flood and heat wavesDto warn us of the i
51、ncreasing natural disasters in big citiesD解析：写作意图题。由文章第一段的Some of the worlds leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves. 可知D项正确。8Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? ABig Cities Facing Big DisastersBBig Disasters in the FutureCThe Increase of Natural Di
52、sastersDSolutions to Natural DisastersA解析：标题归纳题。全文描述了世界各大城市将会面临的各种自然灾害， 故A项正确。 完形填空I was said to be the worst student in my class, and my family thought I was hopeless. I had to_1_grade six. At that time a new teacher, Miss Sadia, came to our school. One day after class, she_2_that I was staying alo
53、ne during the lunch break. She came to me and began to talk to me. It was just a_3_conversation. After that day, she gave me particular_4_and it made me feel special(特别的)I started to work hard because she gave me the feeling that_5_believed me, and my_6_started to improve(提高) in her subject. Months
54、later, she moved into a house near my_7_. We would walk home together after school. Her constant support helped me，_8_in my studies, as I knew she would_9_my grades both in her subject and the other subjects. I finally_10_second in my class. Then, after grade six, she started to slowly drift away(疏远
55、)_11_still kept a constant check on me. By the time I was in grade seven, we_12_spoke, but by then I had become the_13_in my class. When I left my school, I was_14_with her, as she never answered the_15_when I called her. Then I graduated and went to a good university. One fine day, our paths(路)_16_
56、again. I met her at a wedding. I could not_17_asking her, “Why did you stop talking to me? ”“You are a clever boy. I wanted you to be a tree_18_on your own roots, not depending on(依靠) others. Now here you are and I feel_19_of you. You are your inspiration and do not need to_20_a shoulder，” she said.
57、I could not say anything, but I smiled.Ill always thank her.【解题导语】作者在小学时老师和家长认为他是个差等生，要他留级。这时遇到了Sadia老师，在她的帮助和鼓励下，作者取得很大进步。但是从此以后，Miss Sadia不再给他很多关注，直到毕业后的一次偶遇，他才知道了老师这样做的真正原因。1A.jumpBattendCcopyDrepeatD解析：根据空前“I was said to be the worst student in my class, and my family thought I was hopeless.”可知老
58、师和家长都认为“我”是差生，所以不得不留级，选D。2A.heardBnoticedClearnedDsensedB解析：根据下文可知一天下课后， 她注意到“我”一个人孤独地待着， 选B。notice注意到。3A.stupidBuselessCnormalDsecretC解析：从上下文可知这只是很平常的谈话， 但是后来老师却格外注意“我”。normal正常的。4A.attentionBattractionCexplanationDexaminationA解析：根据空后内容可知“我”有一种不同的感觉， 由此判断老师对“我”特别关注， 故选A。attention注意； attraction吸引人的物
59、； explanation解释； examination考试。5A.everyoneBsomeoneCanyoneDnobodyB解析：从上文可知老师对“我”特别关注， 所以作者感受到了来自别人的信任，选B。6A.wordsBobjectsCclassesDgradesD解析：根据文意可以推断作者在老师教的那科的成绩开始提高了，选D。7A.homeBschoolChotelDcompanyA解析：根据空后“We would walk home together after school.”可知老师搬到了离“我”家很近的一所房子里。选A。8A.generallyBactuallyCespecia
60、llyDusuallyC解析：根据句意她不断鼓励“我”，尤其在学业方面，由此推断选C。especially特别，尤其。9A.changeBlookCimproveDcheckD解析：根据语境判断老师会检查他的学习情况，会查他各科的成绩，而且根据下文“still kept a constant check on me”内容也可以判断选D。change改变；look看；improve提高；check核实，检查。10A.receivedBcameCcaughtDheldB解析：固定短语： come second获得第二名。句意： 最后我获得班级第二名。选B。11A.butBasCorDsoA解析：从
61、前后句内容可知此处表示转折关系。句意： 老师开始慢慢地疏远我， 但是还是经常检查我的学习成绩， 选A。12A.everBoftenConceDhardlyD解析：从上文内容可知老师对作者渐渐疏远， 由此判断当“我”上七年级时，“我们”几乎就不交谈了， 故选D。13A.oldestBstrongestCbestDcleverestC解析：到那时，“我”已经成为班级最好的学生了， 故选C。14A.out of touchBin commonCout of reachDin touchA解析：out of touch失去联系； in common共同的； out of reach够不着； in to
62、uch联系。根据情况的发展可知等“我”毕业以后， “我们”再也没有联系， 故选A。15A.roadBschoolyardCphoneDmachineC解析：根据空后“when I called her”可知当“我”给她打电话时， 她从不接“我”的电话， 故选C。16A.separatedBformedCaddedDcrossedD解析：separate分离； form形成； add增加； cross交叉。根据作者的讲述可知作者和老师渐渐不再联系， 但是后来又在一次婚礼上相遇了， 两人相遇， 也就是两条路有了交叉， 由此判断选D。17A.finishBhelpCpreventDkeepB解析：根
63、据作者说的话可知“我”是情不自禁地问她“为什么不再和我说话”，选B。18A.standingBflyingCgrowingDsittingA解析：从下文内容可知老师希望作者独立，要像一棵树一样，靠着自己的根站立着，而不是依赖于别人的帮助，故选A。19A.sadBproudCgoodDashamedB解析：sad伤心的；proud自豪的；good好的；ashamed惭愧的。从上文内容可知作者成绩优秀，所以老师应该是为他自豪，故选B。20A.give upBget onClook forDtake upC解析：give up放弃； get on进展； look for寻找； take up拿起。从老师说的话可知老师不希望他去依赖别人， 要靠自己的力量。look for a shoulder“依靠别人”， 故选C。
