1、 Writing Group of English,Yilin Press and Oxford University Press(China)Limited 2019“Oxford”is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press普通高中教科书英语编写组、译林出版社和牛津大学出版社（中国）有限公司 2019Oxford 为牛津大学出版社的注册商标。版权所有。未经版权所有人书面许可，不得在任何地区以任何形式、任何媒介、任何文字翻印、仿制或转载本书的内容、文字或图片。普通高中教科书英语选择性必修 第三册主 编 王守仁 何 锋副 主 编 顾爱
2、彬 范红升编 写 Jo Kent Hannah Fish 张 淳 连 凯 潘志娟 黄利萍 李 娜 王明霞责任编辑 丁晓红 潘志娟 高睿君 梁 健 马绯璠 朱静亚装帧设计 韦 枫 胡 苨 黄 晨 牛津大学出版社（中国）有限公司设计部出 版 译林出版社地 址 南京市湖南路 1 号 A 楼邮 箱 购买热线 4009289069教材热线 02583658349,83672889发 行 江苏凤凰出版传媒股份有限公司印 刷 江苏凤凰扬州鑫华印刷有限公司开 本 890 毫米 1240 毫米 1/16印 张 8版 次 2021 年 6 月第 1 版印 次 2021 年 11 月第 2 次印刷标准书号 ISBN
3、 9787544786652定 价 9.74 元版权所有 侵权必究译林版图书若有印装错误可向出版社调换，质量热线：02583658316同学们：欢迎使用普通高中教科书英语！本册教材围绕“人与自然”“人与社会”的主题语境，依托话题丰富、文体多样的语篇，引领你通过一系列英语学习活动，发展英语学科核心素养。现在，让我们走进教材，开启一段有趣的英语学习之旅。每个单元首页的 Welcome to the unit 板块是你单元学习的起点，借助视频、图示、文字等形式多样的语篇激发你的学习兴趣，帮助你初步了解单元主题，为单元学习做好热身准备。随后，你将进入一个非常重要的学习环节Reading 板块。在这里，
4、你将有机会阅读关于主要英语国家概况、太空探索、历史人物以及世界遗产等话题的语篇，感受真实、地道、优美的英语，了解有关地理、天文、历史等方面的知识。你可以通过一系列多维度、分层次的阅读活动，深入探究主题意义，提升语言能力、文化意识和思维品质。来到 Grammar and usage 板块，你将在语篇中观察、探究语法现象，自主归纳语法规则，并在新的语境和活动中正确使用语法。接下来，在 Integrated skills 板块，你将综合运用听、说、读、看、写的技能，完成语言技能融合的活动。随后，在 Extended reading 板块，你将进行拓展阅读，通过观点表达等活动，进一步探究主题意义，了解
5、真实世界，探索未知世界。在 Project 板块，你将和同学一起开展合作学习、探究学习，完成一项综合性、实践性活动。Assessment 板块以开放性问题的形式提供自评、互评等多种评价方式，促使你及时反思并调整学习行为，提升学习能力，使学习更有成效。在 Further study 板块，你可以根据自身的学习情况来选择教材推荐的资源在课后进行自主学习、拓展学习，继续体验英语学习的快乐。祝你在这段英语学习之旅中，带着梦想，快乐而自信地前行！普通高中教科书英语编写组2021 年 6 月前 言UnitWelcome to the unitReadingGrammar and usageIntegrat
6、ed skills1 Wish you were here(p.1)(p.1)Four postcardsCanadaa land of diversity(p.2)A website articleNon-restrictive relative clauses(p.6)Making a travel plan for foreign guests(p.8)Tip:Slowing down the discussion(p.10)2 Out of this world(p.15)(p.15)A videoLife on a space station(p.16)A lecture trans
7、criptSubject clauses(p.20)Creating a story about aliens(p.22)Tip:Listening for attitudes(p.22)3 Back to the past(p.29)(p.29)An excerpt from a novelSailing the oceans(p.30)Two historical articlesPredicative clauses(p.34)Expressing your opinion of popular history books(p.36)Tip:Recognizing paraphrasin
8、g(p.36)4 Protecting ourheritage sites(p.43)(p.43)A videoHeritage in danger(p.44)A lecture transcriptAppositive clauses(p.48)Calling for the protection of our heritage sites(p.50)Tip:Moving on to another topic(p.52)Appendices:Text notes(p.81)Grammar notes(p.95)Time and spaceCONTENTSExtended readingPr
9、ojectAssessmentFurther studyWorkbook An adventure in Africa(p.11)A travel journalMaking a travel brochure on a foreign country(p.13)(p.14)(p.14)Exploring language(p.57)Building skills(p.59)Appreciating language(p.62)Why we explore(p.25)A magazine articleProviding solutions for living beyond the Eart
10、h(p.27)(p.28)(p.28)Exploring language(p.63)Building skills(p.65)Appreciating language(p.68)Hell comes to Pearl Harbor(p.39)An articleTip:Identifying the chronological order(p.40)Making a report on a historical event(p.41)(p.42)(p.42)Exploring language(p.69)Building skills(p.71)Appreciating language(
11、p.74)Following the Silk Road(p.53)A magazine articleMaking a poster on a UNESCO heritage site(p.55)(p.56)(p.56)Exploring language(p.75)Building skills(p.77)Appreciating language(p.80)Wordlists(p.97)Irregular verbs(p.119)Wish you were here1UNIT 1Wish you were hereThe real voyage of discovery consists
12、 not in seeking new landscapes,but in having new eyes.Marcel Proust1 How would you describe each of the four postcards above?2 What tourist destinations have you ever visited or would you like to visit?Welcome to the unitThere are many popular tourist destinations around the world.Look at the postca
13、rds below and discuss the following questions in pairs.In this unit,you are going to:read a website article about Canada;write an email with a travel plan about your hometown;read a travel journal about a trip to Africa;make a travel brochure on a foreign country.Canada has much to offer tourists.Th
14、e website article below is about this country with vast distances and outstanding natural beauty.Before you read the website article,think about the following questions:What do you know about the national symbols of Canada?What tourist attractions are there in Canada?Unit 12Canada is like a blooming
15、 flower,unfolding with breathtaking beauty and richness to win the heart of those who enjoy what it has to offer.It is a broad and beautiful country stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.It is also one of the most ethnically diverse nations in the world with distinct cultures.In the ten
16、provinces and three territories which make up Canada,there is great diversity in geography.To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains,which are home to high peaks and deep valleys carved by ice and water.Ancient,slow-moving glaciers hug the land and a huge variety of wildlife wa
17、nders the remote forests.The establishment of national parks makes many of these beautiful places protected areas for the public to visit and enjoy,such as Banff and Jasper National Parks.One truly unique scenic spot in Canada is the mighty Niagara Falls with water rushing over its edge in a splendi
18、d display of sights and sounds.Apart from its geographical diversity,Canadas many rural areas and urban centers reflect the diversity of its residents.Some of Canadas earliest settlers,who are thought to be ancestors of the indigenous peoples,crossed the Bering Strait by 51015Canada has much to offe
19、r tourists.The website article below is about this country with vast distances and outstanding natural beauty.Before you read the website article,think about the following questions:What do you know about the national symbols of Canada?What tourist attractions are there in Canada?Reading3means of a
20、land bridge from a place now known as Siberia.They settled on this vast land thousands of years ago.The first Europeans also started to settle in some of the eastern provinces centuries ago.Today,Canada reflects a vast combination of ethnic backgrounds.About one out of five people in Canadas populat
21、ion is foreign-born.The major ethnic groups,for example,include the English,Scottish and French,while the minority groups include residents from Singapore and the Pacific Islands.This ethnic variety,in turn,brings about cultural diversity.Should you find yourself in one of these subcultures,language
22、s,cuisine,architecture,art and music will define your encounter.For example,in Vancouver,a dynamic city with the highest percentage of Chinese Canadians in the country,you can participate in the celebrations of the Chinese New Year,or you may take tea in the Dr Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden.I
23、n Montreal,one of the largest French-speaking cities in the world,you can sample the food with a typical French flavor and see the original buildings in the French style of architecture.Finally,if you are looking for something off the beaten track,you may visit Cape Breton Island in the province of
24、Nova Scotia,where you can dance to fiddle tunes and enjoy the cultures and traditions of Celtic settlers.As you are exposed to diverse cultures,you may feel transported through time and space.Given these cultural differences,it comes as no surprise that Canada has been celebrating Multiculturalism D
25、ay since 2002.From the towering mountain peaks to the depths of the forests to the urban centers,Canadas geographical wonders,ethnic groups and their cultures make it a unique place to live and visit.Indeed,it has been consistently ranked by the United Nations as one of the best countries to live in
26、,and visitors are always welcome!2025303540Wish you were hereUnit 14A Understanding the textA1 Read the website article and complete the chart below with the main idea of each paragraph.A2 Read the website article again carefully and answer the following questions.1 Where are the grand Rocky Mountai
27、ns?_2 What can reflect the diversity of Canadas residents?_3 In what ways can you feel the subcultures there?_4 What can you do on Cape Breton Island?_5 What makes Canada a unique place to live and visit?_A3 In pairs,discuss the following questions.1 In the article,the author compares Canada to a bl
28、ooming flower.What would you compare Canada to?Why?2 Canada is a land of diversity,and so is China.What aspects can reflect Chinas diversity?IntroductionMain bodyConclusionPara.1:Canada is a broad and beautiful country with diverse ethnic groups and distinct cultures.Para.4:_Para.3:_Para.2:_Para.5:_
29、Wish you were here5B2 The website article uses many descriptive adjectives.Find the adjectives and their synonyms in the article and think of more words with the same or nearly the same meaning.B Building your languageB1 The email below is about Lisas wonderful experiences in Calgary.Complete the em
30、ail with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.distinct splendid dynamic come as no surpriseurban sample ancestor apart fromDear Aunt May,Im here in Calgary,a Canadian city with(1)_ features.As an exchange student,Im staying with a nice host family in the suburbs for two weeks.
31、(2)_ enjoying my school life at a local high school,Ive been shown around the sights of Calgary,such as the Botanical Gardens of Silver Springs.I also have the opportunity to(3)_ the local cuisine.My host family explained the history of this city to me.Clovis people are believed to be the(4)_ in the
32、 Calgary area.In 1883,a railway station was constructed.The area gradually grew to be an important agricultural centre as people moved in to establish farms and raise cattle.This once unknown area has now become a modern,(5)_ city.This is evident from the high-rise buildings in(6)_ areas,such as the
33、 Calgary Tower.Calgary is located near the Rocky Mountains.Theres a thick blanket of snow in some mountain areas over much of the winter.It(7)_ that the city has become a popular destination for winter sports lovers.This weekend,my host family will take me to ski.We will enjoy the(8)_ scenery of Ban
34、ff National Park too.I also cant wait to have a go at the national winter sportice hockey.Im amazed that Calgary has been consistently recognized as one of the worlds most liveable cities!Your niece,LisaB3 The website article uses some linking words to add information.Find the sentences in the artic
35、le and try to write a short paragraph about Canadas population using proper linking words.Learn this When adding more information to the point you are making,you can use the following linking words:and,also,too,besides,moreover,furthermore,as well as,apart from,in addition(to),etc.AdjectivesSynonyms
36、breathtakingbroaddistinctmightyUnit 16Grammar and usageNon-restrictive relative clausesA Exploring the rulesBelow is an article about the advantages and disadvantages of tourism.Find the sentences with non-restrictive relative clauses and fill in the box below.The first one has been done for you.We
37、often use a non-restrictive relative clause to add extra information to a noun,pronoun or noun phrase in the main clause or the main clause.A comma is usually used to separate the adding clause and the main clause.We usually introduce a non-restrictive relative clause with a relative pronoun like wh
38、o,whom,which and whose or a relative adverb like when and where.The relative pronoun or adverb(1)_(can/cannot)be left out in a non-restrictive relative clause.We can use(2)_(which/who/where)in a non-restrictive relative clause to refer to the main clause as a whole.Grammar notes page 95Tourism is th
39、e lifeblood of the communities that call popular holiday destinations their homes.It allows service industries,such as hotels and transport,to grow consistently.These industries,in turn,give jobs to the local population,whose welfare depends on tourism.The prices of tourist essentials such as transp
40、ort,accommodation and food usually increase too,which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community.However,booming business is not always a bed of roses.More nature-centred tourist attractions,where man and nature live in harmony,can be greatly impacted or even destroyed by the flood of tour
41、ists.As resources are used more rapidly than they can be sustained,wildlife habitats are likely to suffer,which could endanger the local plants and animals.While the physical characteristics of the land may be at risk from tourism,the cultural aspects of the destination are also put in harms way.Loc
42、al festivals and customs,which may have deep meaning in a particular culture,can simply become entertainment for tourists.This can,over time,result in the loss of respect for the local culture.Travelling can be a great experience for both the tourists and the locals.However,the tourists should alway
43、s aim to be responsible.Reducing the negative impact,wherever we travel,will help make it possible for many future generations to enjoy the same sites.These industries,in turn,give jobs to the local population,whose welfare depends on tourism.Working out the rulesWish you were here7B Applying the ru
44、lesB1 Rewrite the following sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses.ExampleWhen you travel,never buy wildlife products,which are made from animal skins or other animal parts.B3 In pairs,discuss more ways to be a sustainable tourist,using non-restrictive relative clauses.Sustainable tourism,
45、(1)_,is not just about seeing the sightsit is also about connecting with people and their cultures,making a positive impact on the places we visit and enhancing opportunities for the future.So,how can we be sustainable tourists?It is important to travel in an environmentally friendly manner.Getting
46、to a tourist destination by airplane,(2)_,has a huge impact on the global environment.While avoiding flying is not always practical,we can help improve the environment by travelling on local public transport or even on foot wherever possible.When at the hotel,we can reduce our impact by cutting back
47、 on water consumption and not having our bedding and towels washed every day.We also need to protect the local culture.When visiting temples or churches,(3)_,we should dress appropriately.While travelling,we should respect the right to privacy.We must ask for permission before taking pictures of the
48、 local people,(4)_.In summary,being a sustainable tourist comes down to respectfor nature,culture and people.B2 Below is an article about how to be a sustainable tourist.Complete the article with the correct non-restrictive relative clauses in the box below.There is one clause you do NOT need to use
49、.Write the letters in the blanks.1 My parents went on a tour of Japan with 20 people.Some of them had never been abroad before._2 My favourite place to visit is a little village near Shanghai.My grandma was born there._3 Dr Luo will give us a tour of Beijing.He is an expert in Chinese history._4 Id
50、rather visit Europe in summer.The weather is at its best in summer._5 Im reading a guidebook to Rome.It is really fascinating and helpful._a which greatly increases our carbon footprintb who are human beings and not on displayc which is becoming increasingly popular nowadaysd where a strict dress co
51、de may be requirede who may make a living by selling handmade itemsUnit 18A2 Listen to the announcement again and complete the notes below.Integrated skillsMaking a travel plan for foreign guestsA Ms Zhao,a teacher,is announcing to her class that some foreign guests are coming to their city.Listen a
52、nd finish the exercises below.A1 Listen to the announcement and answer the following questions.1 When are the foreign guests coming to the city?_2 What will they do at Ms Zhaos school?_3 How many days will the guests spend working?_4 When will Ms Zhao discuss the details with the students interested
53、 in showing the guests around?_Making a travel planGeneral information about the guests From Boston,the USA(1)_ guests in totalPurposes of the visit To(2)_ To(3)_ To visit our school To explore our citySuggestions for the travel plan Visit(4)_ to learn more about our citys history.Buy some souvenirs
54、.Have a lunch or dinner at(5)_.See the sights of our city(6)_.Shanghai TowerEnjoy the view from one of the worlds highest viewing platforms.Yu GardenClimb to the top of the Great Rockery and get a birds-eye view of the garden.Xuhui DistrictWalk along leafy streets and visit elegant cafs in French-st
55、yle areas.Jingan TempleMake your way to the main hall and admire the 8.8-metre-high statue of the Buddha.Nanjing RoadDo some souvenir shopping and try the local snacks.Shanghai Grand TheatreRelax by watching an elegant Yue Opera performance.Shanghai MuseumAppreciate amazing antiques,including Ming v
56、ases and Qing furniture.The BundHave an impressive view of Shanghais modern skyline.632 metres tall.Not for the faint-hearted.Wish you were here9B Ms Zhao has suggested a travel plan about Shanghai to her class.Read it and pay attention to the tourist attractions and activities.Unit 110C In pairs,di
57、scuss how to arrange a two-day visit to your hometown for the foreign guests.Use the following ideas to help you.D Write an email to the foreign guests who are going to visit your hometown.Use your ideas from part C and the information in parts A and B to help you.When your partner wants to move on
58、to the next topic,but you think you still have something to say,you can slow down the discussion,e.g.Sorry,may I add something before we move on?Sorry,shall we talk a bit more about.before we move on?TipSlowing down the discussion Basic information about your hometown Tourist attractions Food Cultur
59、al products Planning your writing Learning about the structure When you write an email to tell the guests about a travel plan,you can follow the structure below:Greet the guests first and state the purpose of the email.Introduce your hometown briefly.Arrange your travel plan in time order and list a
60、ll planned activities.End the email by offering a warm welcome to the guests.Learning about the language Tone is the general feeling of a piece of writing.For example,when writing to an official,you need to keep your tone serious and polite.When writing to a foreign guest,you need to keep your tone
61、friendly and polite.Your choice of language will differ according to your audience.Checking your writing Remember to check your writing after you finish and exchange drafts between you and your partner.Pay attention to the following aspects:Punctuation Spelling Grammar Choice of words Style(formal/i
62、nformal)StructureSelf-review Does your writing stick to the suggested structure?What language do you use to keep your tone friendly and polite in your writing?Peer review What does your partner think of your travel plan arranged for your guests?What suggestions does your partner give about the langu
63、age of your writing?An adventure in AfricaAn adventure in AfricaWish you were here11510152030 June,MoroccoMy parents and I had just driven down the narrow mountain road from Marrakesh,with all its sharp bends,and had finally arrived at Merzouga.Before us stretched the unending sand dunes that marked
64、 the beginning of the Sahara.A small boy walked past with a group of noisy goats as I took a long look at the yellow roadside sign that told us we were entering a“fragile natural environment”.I made a resolution to respect and protect this unique landscape while I was here.We set off,our vehicle qui
65、etly running over the sand and small stones.It wasnt long before we were surrounded by enormous sand dunes towering above us on all sides.The wind was blowing grains of sand from the tops of the dunes,the sun was beating down hard and bright,and the sky was a deep shade of blue that I had never seen
66、 before.The wild beauty of the desert was about to reveal itself.There was not a plant to be seen.The desert appeared completely empty,which was calming and threatening at the same time.The colours of the dunes contrasted strikingly with the blue of the cloudless sky.Eventually,as the last rays of s
67、unlight were falling on the sand,we arrived at our desert camp.Stars were already shining brightly in the darkening sky and it was getting cold with the approach of the night.Three camels,slowly chewing,were resting on their knees and watching our arrival with interest.“So,which one of you lucky ani
68、mals will be my ride tomorrow?”I said out loud as I grabbed my bag and headed towards the warm campfire.I was starving and rushed to put a steak on the barbecue.Extended readingRead the travel journal written by a student who took a trip to Africa with his parents.Unit 1123 July,KenyaA few days afte
69、r our departure from the camp,our car was well and truly stuck in the mud.We were very near to our rest camp in Amboseli National Park located on the border of Kenya when my father,against my mothers advice,decided to drive through a large pool of water that stretched across the dirt road.Two tall s
70、lim local people were standing by the roadside watching us with amusement.They must have realized that we were totally helpless,for after a few moments,they wandered over and pushed us free.My father smiled weakly and we drove on as my mother and I waved from the car window.We found a parking space
71、next to our hut,which was round and made from brick.The walls,painted brilliant white,reflected the afternoon sun.There were five similar huts,all lined up facing Mount Kilimanjaro,the highest mountain in Africa.The mountain rose up over the plains before us.Tall grasses and trees dotted the plains,
72、which were alive with the African wildlife we had come to see.Giraffes,with their long necks,were pulling leaves from the highest branches.In the distance,elephants were eating grass,ears flapping lazily as they moved slowly over the plains.I had never seen anything like this before.It was indeed th
73、e greatest show on the Earth.We got out of the car,carrying our suitcases and boxes of food into the hut.I placed ham sandwiches,sausages and a bunch of bananas on a small wooden table.I returned to the car and fetched more possessions.It was then that I noticed a small grey monkey sitting on a tree
74、 a few metres away and eating a banana.“So cute,”I thought to myself,until I realized it was my banana that he was eating!He was looking at me intently as he enjoyed the final mouthful.I was sure he was saying,“Thank you.”“Youre welcome,”I replied.2530354045In MoroccoIn KenyaA Summarize the authors
75、travel experiences.B What is the most memorable travel experience you have had?What was special about it?Wish you were here13Experience the breathtaking beauty of Iceland!Projectchure about your new schoolMaking a travel brochure on a foreign countryA As a class,discuss different foreign countries t
76、hat you are interested in.Then in groups,choose one country to research.C As a group,put together your information to make your travel brochure.Use the example below,which is part of a travel brochure,to help you.Then present your brochure to the rest of the class.B As a group,research your chosen c
77、ountry.Use the ideas below to help you.For a holiday off the beaten track,choose Iceland,the land of fire and ice.Located in the North Atlantic Ocean,Iceland has a population of around 340,000,most of whom live in and around the capital,Reykjavk.Nature lovers will appreciate the wild,dramatic landsc
78、ape.There is a lot to explore on your hikes:breathtaking mountains,awesome glaciers,crashing waterfalls and black sand beaches.You can take an adventure tour of an active volcano,where you will see the hot liquid rocks flow.After a days exploration,relax your muscles in one of the many natural hot s
79、prings.At night,if you are lucky,you might be able to watch the colourful symphony of the Northern Lights in the sky!You might also be fortunate enough to see native wildlife,for instance,the Arctic fox.You might even spot a polar bear paying a visit from Greenland!While you are in Iceland,you may w
80、ant to visit local restaurants and try local delicacies such as fresh fish or smoked lamb.Dont forget to bring home some truly unique Icelandic souvenirs made out of volcanic rocks.One thing is for sure:many of Icelands natural and cultural attractions are not to be missed!Basic information(location
81、,population,natural environment,etc.)History Culture Tourist attractions Specialities(food,cultural products,etc.)Unit 114Books about travel experiences provide us with exciting tales of adventure,and their pages take us to the places that we might not be able to visit ourselves.Read a travel book w
82、ritten by a famous writer and learn about stories of his or her travels.Travel documentaries provide armchair travellers with opportunities to travel at the click of a button.Viewers can discover places of interest,enjoy the beautiful scenery and learn about the cultures.Watch a travel documentary a
83、nd experience the wonder and beauty of the world.Further studyAssessmentAnswer the following questions to assess your performance.Then work in groups and exchange your answers with your partners.1 What is the authors major focus and which aspects about Canada are highlighted accordingly?2 Did you ha
84、ve any difficulty writing the email with a travel plan to foreign guests?If yes,what was it?3 What impresses you most when you read the travel journal about an adventure in Africa?4 What is the best part in your brochure on a foreign country?Why?5 What new words have you learnt from this unit?List s
85、ome of them.*6 What grammar have you learnt from this unit?Make a sentence with the grammar.*7 What tip have you learnt from this unit?Provide an example to show how it helps you with your learning.8 How are you going to improve your overall performance?Make an action plan.*Assess your learning of v
86、ocabulary and grammar by doing language practice on pages 5758.Out of this world15UNIT 2Out of this worldWelcome to the unitThere have been many exciting breakthroughs in the history of space exploration.Watch the video and finish the following exercises.In this unit,you are going to:read a lecture
87、transcript about daily life on a space station;write a story based on a comic strip;read a magazine article about the reasons for space exploration;provide solutions for living beyond the Earth.1 China successfully landed its first Mars rover Zhurong in 2021.What do you know about this achievement o
88、r other achievements China has made in space exploration?2 What other major breakthroughs in space exploration do you know about?3 If you had the chance,would you like to go into space?Why or why not?The pursuit of the ultimate truth of the universe is the final objective and destination of civiliza
89、tion.Liu Cixin In _,Yuri Gagarin became the first man to journey into outer space.In _,Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the Moon.In _,David Scott and James Irwin became the first men to travel in a wheeled vehicle on the Moon.In _,the first astronauts moved into the ISS.Unit 216Living
90、in space is every would-be astronauts dream.My six-month stay on a space station has come to an end,and it has been a challenging but magical adventure.I bet youd love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earththe low gravity definitely makes ordinary thing
91、s strange!The strangeness of living in space is apparent from the moment we sleep.Due to the near absence of gravity in space,we have to attach ourselves so that we dont float around.We usually sleep in private quarters,which are more like large cupboards,or in sleeping bags attached to the walls or
92、 the ceiling.Its strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back,but the unusual beds dont bother us any more.After about eight hours of sleep,we start our day of work.The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding,but they can also be extremely rewarding.Our main mission
93、 is to conduct scientific research.We need to evaluate the effects of low gravity on animals and plants.Creatures such as mice,fish and mosquitoes have also been sent to the station!In a low-gravity environment,we can learn more about changes in cells and microorganisms under the microscope.As well
94、as doing these biological experiments,we carry out experiments in other research fields.I have been working on one experiment which locates and tracks lightning over large regions of the Earth.Hopefully,it will cast new light on the Earths climate and lead to better lightning protection.With so much
95、 going on,the space station needs a lot of maintenance,so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning.Far above the Earth,astronauts are living on a space station.What do they do up there?Below is a lecture given by an astronaut about her daily life in space.Before you read the lecture
96、transcript,think about the following questions:What famous astronauts do you know about?What do you think astronauts on a space station do every day?Reading5101520The most challenging work takes place when we need to perform tasks outside the space station,such as testing new equipment,monitoring sc
97、ientific experiments or repairing the space station.In the circumstances,its time for a spacewalk.First,we put on our spacesuits,which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation.Then we head out,and sometimes perform tasks for hours at a time,with the beautif
98、ul Earth visible below.Splendid as the view of the Earth is,spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.Its probably the most dangerous work,with potential risks such as electric shocks.Thats why every spacewalk is carefully planned.In view of the low-gravity environment,eating is also differ
99、ent in space.Most food is dried or freeze-dried.Its a luxury to eat fresh food,because fresh produce such as fruit and vegetables can only be delivered to the space station from the Earth every couple of months.Salt and pepper are only in liquid form,so that they will not float away and block the ai
100、r pipes.However,liquids cant be easily controlled in space.We must drink water or any other liquids out of a bag through a thin tube of plastic.Furthermore,to keep our body healthy,we must ensure a balanced supply of nutrients by taking pills.Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to a
101、stronauts health.Did you know that in just five months,astronauts could lose a significant amount of muscle and bone mass?Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body,we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day.Exercise in space is not your average
102、workout.We have to be tied onto specially designed exercise equipment to stop ourselves from floating around.During our leisure time,theres nothing we like more than to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go by,taking pictures for our family and friends back home.As th
103、e space station travels at a speed of about 17,500 miles per hour,we get to see the sunrise every 90 minutes.In these precious moments,all the challenges of life in space seem worth it.172530354045Out of this worldA2 Read the lecture transcript again carefully and answer the following questions.A3 I
104、n pairs,discuss the following questions.1 What do you think of daily life on a space station?Use details from the lecture transcript to support your opinion.2 At the end of the lecture,what questions would you like to ask the astronaut?3 What qualities do you think are needed to become an astronaut?
105、1 How do astronauts sleep in space?_2 What routine tasks do astronauts do on the space station?_3 What do spacesuits allow astronauts to do?_4 How do astronauts drink water or any other liquids?_5 Why do astronauts need to spend some time in the gym?_Unit 218Life on a space stationA Understanding th
106、e textA1 Read the lecture transcript and complete the chart below.SleepingPerforming tasks inside the space station(5)_(4)_(1)_(3)_(2)_ _B2 The lecture transcript uses the words in the table below.Complete the table with words from the same word family.Then try to think of more word families.Out of
107、this world19B Building your languageB1 An astronaut has written a journal entry about an experiment in the space lab.Complete the journal entry with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.On the space station,one of the main(1)_ of astronauts is to do experiments.Some experiment
108、s aim to(2)_ the effects of low gravity.We are currently working on an experiment:how to grow vegetables in space.It is difficult to keep food fresh longer than 18 months in space,so growing vegetables is(3)_ for longer space missions.Hopefully,this experiment will(4)_ space farming and allow us to
109、set up permanent bases on other planets,such as Mars.Despite these(5)_ benefits,there are many challenges.One challenge is that the environment in space is altogether different from that back on the Earth.In normal(6)_,plants grow upwards.However,because of the near(7)_ of gravity in space,there is
110、no such thing as“up”or“down”.Fortunately,a special kit has been developed.It contains special“bags”,which provide the soil and nutrients for plants.The seeds in the bag are glued to a special material that will guide them to grow in the right direction.Another thing that(8)_ us is the safety of eati
111、ng the vegetables grown in space.We need to do a scientific analysis after the space-grown vegetables are sent to the Earth.B3 The lecture transcript uses pronouns like“it”,“that”and“they”to improve cohesion.Find the sentences using these pronouns in the lecture transcript.Then try to improve the se
112、ntences below using proper pronouns.Learn this We often use pronouns to refer to things,people or ideas that have just been mentioned.It is an effective way to improve the cohesion of our writing.Life on the space station may seem strange and difficult at first but you will adjust to life on the spa
113、ce station.When you feel lonely,you can contact your family and friends back on the Earth.Contacting them can make you feel better.VerbsNounsAdjectivesAdverbsadventuredifferdefinitelyrewardingremarkablevisible circumstance absence cast new light onbother evaluate mission of vital importanceGrammar a
114、nd usageSubject clausesA Exploring the rulesBelow is a newspaper feature article on the use of telescopes to explore space.Find the sentences with subject clauses and fill in the box below.The first one has been done for you.Unit 220 Grammar notes pages 9596 We can use a noun clause as the subject o
115、f a sentence.We can use(1)_ to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a statement.We can use(2)_ to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a yes-no question.We can use a question word to introduce a subject clause when the clause is a wh-question.We often use(3)_ as the preparatory sub
116、ject when a subject clause is very long.Working out the rulesFor thousands of years,people have looked to the starry sky and wondered what,or who,is out there.In the early 1600s,Galileo was the first to use his telescope to explore the sky and since then,telescopes have continually improved.One majo
117、r breakthrough came in 1990,when the Hubble Space Telescope was launched.That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes,and it allows scientists to learn more about the universe.Hubble observations have played a crucial role in the discovery of the mysterious dar
118、k energy.Hubble was followed by the Kepler Space Telescope in 2009.Keplers scientific goal is to search for Earth-size planets orbiting other stars.Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved,but the signs are promising:Kepler has detected many suitable planets that are almost the s
119、ame size as the Earth.In recent years,China has developed advanced telescopes as well.One example is the innovative FAST,which is the largest single-dish radio telescope in the world.With a dish the size of 30 football fields,FAST is able to carry out observations with extraordinary sensitivity.One
120、of its scientific goals is to detect communication signals between the stars in the universe.It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that developing the required technology will help astronomers all over the world make exciting discoveries.How much we will learn from
121、the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination.That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes,B2 The passage below is about the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program.Complete the passage with the correct subject clauses in the box below.There is one clause you d
122、o NOT need to use.Write the letters in the blanks.Out of this world21B Applying the rulesB1 Circle the mistakes and correct them in the blanks.B3 Write down your prediction about the development of space exploration,using subject clauses.1 The space mission went so well was beyond our expectations.2
123、 Whether they are able to grow more vegetables in space depend on how much time it takes.3 It was not clear how long he will stay on the space station.4 What the lunar probe did not land was a worry for the people back on the Earth.5 That makes the Chinese people happy is that China has successfully
124、 launched a space rocket._The Chinese Lunar Exploration Program is also known as the Change Program.Run by the China National Space Administration,Chinas space agency,it comprises three stages:orbiting,landing and returning.The programs first spacecraft,Change 1 lunar orbiter,was launched in October
125、 2007.It successfully orbited and scanned the Moon.(1)_ was that Change 2 reached the Moon within just five days.With better techniques and equipment,Change 2 completed a more detailed scan of the Moon before heading into deep space.The success of the two spacecraft showed the world how far Chinese
126、space exploration had come.It was evident(2)_.December 2013 witnessed the Chinese spacecrafts first soft landing on the Moon.The landing of Change 3 proved to be a success and(3)_ was plain to see.In January 2019,Change 4 succeeded in landing on the far side of the Moon.In December 2020,Change 5 suc
127、cessfully collected and returned lunar samples.China has successfully completed the three stages of the program.However,(4)_ is anybodys guess.a how it laid the foundation for future explorationb that the data gathered by them provided valuable informationc what advances China will make in the futur
128、ed Why China is one of the world leaders in space exploratione What amazed the whole nation in October 2010 Unit 222Integrated skillsCreating a story about aliensA Jenny and Bob are talking about aliens.Listen and finish the exercises below.A1 Listen to the conversation and decide whether the follow
129、ing statements are true(T)or false(F).Circle the incorrect information in the false statements and correct it in the blanks.A2 Listen to the conversation again and complete the notes below.1 Jenny saw the film last night.T/F_2 Jenny and Bob both enjoy the film they saw.T/F_3 Jenny believes theres li
130、fe on other planets,but Bob is not sure.T/F_4 Bob hopes the aliens are friendly.T/F_5 The aliens in the book come to the Earth to destroy us.T/F_6 Jenny thinks the book is boring.T/F_The Beasts from Mars The aliens are really frightening.They look like huge(1)_.(2)_ bring them to the Earth.The alien
131、s just want to(3)_.They breathe on something until it is a ball of fire.Strangers from Space The aliens look like big jellyfish.They are much more(4)_ than us.People from all over the world work together to(5)_ and find out their message.With the help of the aliens,we manage to(6)_ another group of
132、aliens.TipWhen listening,sometimes you may need to know the speakers attitudes.You should try to listen for some words or phrases that have a positive or negative meaning,e.g.good/great/fantastic,I like/enjoy;bad/terrible/awful,I dont like/dislike.Listening for attitudes1234Out of this world23B Jenn
133、y and Bob have found a comic strip about aliens.Look at the comic strip below and fill in the table.SettingCharactersPlotUnit 224C In pairs,discuss what might happen next in the story.Use the following questions and expressions to help you.Where are the alien and the boy going?What will they do?Are
134、there any new characters?Who are they and what will they do?How is the story going to end?D Write a story about aliens based on the comic strip in part B.Use your ideas from part C and the information in part A to help you.ExpressionsDiscussing what will happen nextWhat do you think will happen next
135、?What is likely to occur later in the story?What will happen to?There may/might/could/will be It is quite likely/probable/possible that could possibly/probably happen after Planning your writing Learning about the language To make your story impressive,you need to give vivid descriptions using your
136、observation and imagination.When describing a setting,you can use adjectives to create a mood.Adjectives such as“dark”,“black”or“deserted”can create a mysterious atmosphere in outer space.Learning about writing techniques The core of any story is the plot.To create and outline the plot,you can ask t
137、hese questions:What is the conflict?How does the conflict affect the characters?What is the climax?How do the main characters solve the conflict?What is the ending?Checking your writing Remember to check your writing after you finish and exchange drafts between you and your partner.Pay attention to
138、the following aspects:Punctuation Spelling Grammar Choice of words Style(formal/informal)StructureSelf-review Do you create the plot based on the comic strip?How do you describe the setting?Peer review What does your partner think of your plot?How does your partner think your story can be improved?O
139、ut of this world25Extended readingRead the magazine article arguing for space exploration.5101520In 1969,when Neil Armstrong first landed on the Moon,many people thought that soon we would be regularly visiting other planets in our solar system and would even dare to travel beyond it.This is clearly
140、 not the case.The reality is that space exploration is extremely difficult and dangerous,can take a very long time and costs a huge amount of money.Some people believe that while space exploration expands our understanding of the universe,it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to enhance
141、 the quality of our lives here on the Earth.Why do we continue to explore space,then?It is in our nature to explore.From the very early days of human life on the Earth,our curiosity about the unknown has kept us adventuring into new places.We long to visit thick and wild forests,climb vast mountain
142、ranges,and cross deep oceans.We desire to explore the furthest frontier of allspace.As Stephen Hawking once said,“Remember to look up at the stars and not down at your feet.Try to make sense of what you see and wonder about what makes the universe exist.Be curious.”That we are fascinated by the sky
143、is evident in ancient tales from around the world,such as that of Change.While space exploration is a reality,we remain curious about the mysteries of the universe.With each space mission comes greater insight,thus motivating us to continue along the same path of adventure.The results of these space
144、 investigations have made major contributions to an understanding of the origin,evolution,and likely future of the universe,such as planets,stars,and all other forms of matter and energy.Exploring space helps address fundamental questions about our place in the universe and the history of our solar
145、system.It is through our research into space that we have confirmed that Unit 226A Summarize the reasons for space exploration mentioned in the article.the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun.As we learn more about the universe,we may one day answer the question whether there is life on other
146、planets.With technologies first researched and developed for space exploration,we can solve some of the big problems facing mankind,making our lives safer and easier.One of these is earthquake shock absorbers.Shock absorbers originally applied to the space shuttle launch have also been set up in the
147、 cities with a high frequency of earthquakes in order to protect buildings and save lives.Some technologies need further research to better solve real-life problems.For example,liquid hydrogen is a clean alternative energy source that is used widely as rocket fuel,and it is likely that hydrogen fuel
148、 cell vehicles will be mass-produced and launched in the near future.These scientific and technological advances can provide benefits to societies on the Earth in many areas including health,energy and information technology.This should be a strong motive for continuing to explore space.Although spa
149、ce exploration demands huge investment,the space industry can actually bring great economic value.It has been calculated that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year.At the same time,space exploration can provide a variety of career opportunities for young people.Job
150、s in the space industry go far beyond the astronauts that receive widespread media coverage.There are many support staff on the ground,such as engineers,mechanics and research assistants.Moreover,the amazing work these people do can provide education and inspiration for the next generation.For me pe
151、rsonally,this is by far the biggest reason for humanity to explore space.Such wonders as a space shuttle launch or astronauts walking on the Moon are incredibly exciting and inspiring to witness,and it can be these moments that shape childrens lives forever and motivate them to become the scientists
152、 and engineers of the future.It is this kind of inspiration that keeps our thirst for knowledge alive and ensures that advances in space exploration and many other fields will continue to be made.When you have seen a man walk on the Moon,you grow up believing that anything is possible!253035404550B
153、The article talks about the advantages of space exploration.Do you agree or disagree with the authors opinion?Why?C Our exploration of space has already taught us many things.What do you think the future of space exploration holds for human understanding?Give reasons for your opinion and support you
154、r reasons with evidence.Out of this world27ProjectProviding solutions for living beyond the EarthA As a class,discuss the seven planets and the Moon in the solar system,where humans could possibly move to live.Then in groups,choose one to research.B As a group,research your chosen heavenly body and
155、brainstorm the challenges it will present.Try to think of solutions to the challenges.Use the ideas below to help you.Basic information(size,distance from the Sun/Earth,surface features,climate,water,atmosphere,etc.)Challenges(resources,food supply,cold,radiation,communication with the ground,etc.)S
156、olutionsMercury Jupiter Uranus MarsVenus Saturn Neptune MoonC As a group,put together your information to make a profile on how to live beyond the Earth.Use the example below to help you.Then present your profile to the rest of the class.How to live on MarsChallenge 1Radiation is the biggest problem
157、 we will have to solve in order to settle on Mars.Radiation levels on the surface of Mars are two and a half times higher than those on the International Space Station.Exposure to high levels of radiation may increase the risks of contracting cancer and other diseases.Challenge 2Dust storms are comm
158、on throughout the year and cover the entire planet for weeks,blocking sunlight from reaching the surface.Perhaps more importantly,these storms,made up of fine dust caught in the atmosphere,can affect energy production for long periods.SolutionWe should find permanent shelter that offers long-term pr
159、otection from radiation.We could build a special structure near the Red Planets freezing north pole.It would protect us against radiation and keep inner atmospheric pressure constant as well.The north pole is bathed in sunlight continuously for nearly 300 days,so we could take advantage of the solar
160、 energy in that region.If the solar energy could not meet our energy needs,we could construct nuclear power stations.Unit 228Further studyInto the Universe with Stephen Hawking is a three-episode science documentary series where the English physicist Stephen Hawking discusses the fundamental questio
161、ns of time and space.He gives us breathtaking insights into the possibility of alien life,the promise of time travel,and the nature of the universe.Watch the documentary and take a journey into space.Our fascination with space is evident in the many books on the subject,from ancient times until now.
162、Stories about space exploration allow readers to share in discoveries and to imagine the seemingly impossible.Read a book about space exploration and enter a world of amazing speculations about the future.AssessmentAnswer the following questions to assess your performance.Then work in groups and exc
163、hange your answers with your partners.1 What are the differences and similarities between life on a space station and life on the Earth?2 What do you think of your creative story about aliens?List 2 or 3 sentences that you are the most satisfied with.3 What difficulty did you have when reading the a
164、rticle about the reasons for space exploration?What are you going to do when reviewing the article?4 While doing the project of this unit,what contribution did you make to your group?5 What new words have you learnt from this unit?List some of them.*6 What grammar have you learnt from this unit?Make
165、 a sentence with the grammar.*7 What tip have you learnt from this unit?Explain it briefly.8 How are you going to improve your overall performance?Make an action plan.*Assess your learning of vocabulary and grammar by doing language practice on pages 6364.Back to the past 29UNIT 3Back to the past Lo
166、oking into a mirror,we can see true images of our own;with our knowledge of the past,the present can be better known.Chen ShouIn this unit,you are going to:read historical articles about the voyages of two famous explorers;write an article about popular history books;read an article about the attack
167、 on Pearl Harbor;make a report on a historical event.Welcome to the unitPeople have been dreaming about time travel for many years.Read the excerpt below and discuss the following questions in pairs.1 What does the Time Traveller think of the fourth dimension?2 If you had a time machine,which dynast
168、y would you go back to?Why?3 Which historical figure would you like to meet?What would you say to him/her?The Time Traveller was explaining something to us.“People believe there are three dimensions of SpaceLength,Breadth and Thickness;however,there is a fourth dimensionTime.”“We all know time,”said
169、 a member of our group.“Time passes.”“I do not agree,”the Time Traveller said.“Length,Breadth and Thickness do not pass.We move about in them.We move in Time the same way that we move in the other three dimensions.”None of us believed the Time Traveller.“Its against reason,”one said.The Time Travell
170、er smiled.“It is clear,”he said,“that there is only one way to convince you.We must conduct an experiment.”Then he carried a model of the Time Machine.(Adapted from The Time Machine,by H.G.Wells)Unit 3 30Sailing the oceans Zheng HeIn the summer of 1405,Zheng He,one of Chinas greatest explorers,set s
171、ail from Taicang on his first voyage.A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas,with almost 28,000 people on board,which was a splendid scene.It would take 500 years before a larger fleet sailed the seas.According to some records,the largest ships were over 140 metres in length,demonstrating
172、the advanced technology and special skills used in constructing ships.Between 1405 and 1433,on behalf of the Ming Dynasty,Zheng He made a total of seven voyages.His ships were loaded with china,silk,tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers,and the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 3
173、0 countries and regions.He even sailed as far as the east coast of Africa.As they sailed,the navigators took compass readings,kept logs of their voyages and charted the coast.Later the detailed maps became Zheng Hes Navigation Map.Zheng Hes seven voyages had a far-reaching impact on China and its ne
174、ighbours.In the countries and regions where Zheng He set foot,legends have been passed on about this great explorer.Zheng Hes efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions,exposing foreign people to Chinese culture,and allowing the Chinese to better unde
175、rstand overseas lands.For many years,some historians dismissed the records of these voyages as legends.The final proof came when an enormous shipyard was discovered in Nanjing,where the fleet had been built.Zheng Hes accomplishments are now widely acknowledged,and he is remembered as one of Chinas m
176、ost influential explorers.Explorers have played an important role in world history.Their discoveries have improved our knowledge of the Earth and have also changed the way we understand our place in the world.The historical articles below are about the voyages of two famous explorers.Before you read
177、 the articles,think about the following questions:What dangers did explorers face in the past?What are the possible requirements for becoming an explorer?Reading510152031Christopher Columbus5101520Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the wayas was the case with
178、the explorer Christopher Columbus.Columbus was born in a port city of Italy in 1451.As a teenager,he loved sailing,and he showed great interest in geography,which inspired him to begin his career as a seaman.Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across t
179、he Atlantic Ocean.After continuous attempts,he received financial support from the King and Queen of Spain.On 3 August 1492,he departed from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen.The journey was full of challenges:it took longer than expected,they faced a shortage of food,and one of the s
180、hips was leaking badly,which put everyone on this ship in grave danger.The men on board were in panic.Regardless of all the challenges,Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean.Finally,on 12 October,the crew spotted land in the distance.Columbus
181、called the natives living on the islands Indians because he was convinced that he was in the East Indies.However,the shores they had reached were of the Caribbean,not the East Indies.Between 1493 and 1504,Columbus found more land over the course of his three subsequent voyages.The major contribution
182、 of this great explorer is that he“discovered”the New World.His discovery inspired explorers such as Captain James Cook to explore and discover more vast areas of the world.His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration,a period which witnessed many important geographical findings.This p
183、eriod also allowed for an international exchange of ideas and cultures.Back to the past A2 Read the historical articles again carefully and answer the following questions.A3 In pairs,discuss the following questions.1 What factors made the voyages of Zheng He and Columbus so successful?Use the inform
184、ation in the articles to support your opinion.2 What have you learnt about the spirit of exploration from the articles?3 How might explorers have changed the course of history?1 Why were Zheng Hes ships loaded with china,silk,tea and other treasures?_2 What helped prove that the records of Zheng Hes
185、 voyages were not legends?_3 What challenges did Columbus and his crew encounter during the journey in 1492?_4 Why did Columbus call the natives Indians?_Unit 3 32A Understanding the textA1 Read the historical articles and complete the table below.Zheng Hes exploration Christopher Columbuss explorat
186、ionThe first voyageDeparture timeDeparture pointFleet sizeNumber of crew membersPlaces of arrivalTotal number of voyagesSignificanceWords and phrases for peopleexplorerWords and phrases for thingsshipWords and phrases for actionssailBack to the past 33B Building your languageB1 The article below,fro
187、m a travel website,tells the story about the Tomb of the King of Boni.Complete the article with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.The early 1400s was a glorious era in Chinese history.During this time,the Yongle Emperor wanted to develop(1)_ relations with the overseas neig
188、hbours.Zheng He,one of the most(2)_ explorers,took charge of the task.One of the states mentioned in the historical records was Boni(present-day Brunei),a small kingdom in South-East Asia.There is(3)_ that China established very good relations with this state a long time ago:one of its kings was bur
189、ied in Nanjing during the early Ming Dynasty,and there is a fascinating legend about the king.In 1405,(4)_ the emperor,Zheng He sailed the oceans on his first voyage.His fleet(5)_ gifts to the neighbouring countries and regions.In 1407,he travelled to Boni,which(6)_ the friendly relationship between
190、 the two countries.In the(7)_ year,the King of Boni paid a friendly visit to China.He was accompanied by more than 150 people.The records show that the visitors were astonished by how rich and technologically advanced the Ming Dynasty was.They received a royal welcome from the Yongle Emperor.Unfortu
191、nately,after over a month in the capital,the king fell ill.On his deathbed,he asked to be buried in China,and in line with his will the emperor built a tomb for him.This tomb bears witness to the long history of friendly interactions between the two countries and is now(8)_ as one of the many import
192、ant historic sites in China.B3 The historical articles use facts to illustrate their points.Find the examples in the articles and try to use facts to support the point that explorers make an important contribution.B2 The historical articles use a lot of words and phrases related to navigation.Find t
193、he words and phrases in the articles and think of more on your own.Learn this Good writers use facts to support their ideas.Without such specific information,the writers ideas remain unconvincing.The quality and amount of the information you give will largely determine the effectiveness of your writ
194、ing.subsequent harmonious influential on behalf ofproof strengthen acknowledge be loaded withGrammar and usagePredicative clausesA Exploring the rulesBelow is an essay on the great historian Sima Qian.Find the sentences with predicative clauses and fill in the box below.The first one has been done f
195、or you.Unit 3 34 We can use a noun clause as the predicative of a sentence.We can use that to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a(1)_.We can use whether to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a(2)_.We can use what,why,when,where,etc.to introduce a predicative clause whe
196、n the clause is a(3)_.Sima Qian,one of the greatest historians in Chinese history,was born in either 145 or 135 BCE.Influenced by his father,who was also a historian,Sima Qian took an interest in history when he was a child.He learnt Chinese classics from great literary masters,and at the age of 20,
197、he began travelling extensively across the country.He interviewed the local people to get a wide range of information.Learning and travelling were exactly what helped him in his later career as a historian.His fathers dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happe
198、ned in history.After his father died,Sima Qian succeeded his father as Grand Historian,which facilitated his access to official books and files.However,his work proved difficult,because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts.Hi
199、s chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently.As he carried on with his work,something awful happened to Sima Qian.He was put in prison,where he suffered a lot of pain physically and mentally.However,he was not defeated.He never forgot about his fathers dream,in go
200、od times or bad times.After more than ten years of hard work,the Shiji(Records of the Grand Historian),his masterpiece,was completed.Grammar notes page 96Learning and travelling were exactly what helped him in his later career as a historian.Working out the rulesB2 Below is an article about the Shij
201、i.Complete the article below with proper linking words to form predicative clauses.Back to the past 35B Applying the rulesB1 Complete the sentences with proper linking words to form predicative clauses.B3 Write a short paragraph based on each of the situations below,using predicative clauses.Use the
202、 example below to help you.1 I got six books from the library.The question is _ one I should read first!2 The truth is _ there are many reasons why wars break out.3 We have made it a rule that visitors must not touch the china vases.The problem is _ some visitors do not pay attention to it.4 The mus
203、eum was closed.That was _ we couldnt see the historical documents.5 The two historians disagree with each other.The question is _ it is possible to prove who is right.6 Besides having the history classes at school,we also visit historic destinations.That is _ we learn about important events in histo
204、ry.In the first century BCE,Sima Qian completed the Shiji,which describes historical events and figures from the era of the Yellow Emperor in ancient legends to his own time.Totalling over 520,000 Chinese characters and extending over a period of about 3,000 years,the Shiji consists of 130 chapters
205、in five categories.What makes this book remarkable in content is(1)_ it not only includes vivid descriptions of historical figures such as emperors,ministers or other exceptional figures,but also lists important events in different periods.Another thing to note is(2)_ it covers advances in astronomy
206、,music,the calendar and so on.One of the main features of the Shiji is(3)_ the biographies are presentedin the form of stories rather than dry facts.Sima Qian was able to use a small number of words to describe a historical event or figure vividly.Some of the phrases employed in this book are still
207、in constant use.Even today,the events and figures in the Shiji seem real when you read about them.Later historians wrote 23 more official histories in a similar format.Together with the Shiji,these were edited in the Qing Dynasty.That is(4)_ these works became known as the Twenty-Four Histories.They
208、 are among the most important records of Chinese history.ExampleId like to join you in doing the project on the First World War,but my concern is that I dont have much knowledge of it.1 Tom is so nervous about his history test tomorrow.2 Davids new book on world history has sold 10,000 copies!Unit 3
209、 36A2 Listen to the introduction again and complete the notes below.Integrated skillsExpressing your opinion of popular history booksA Alan is introducing his favourite popular history book.Listen and finish the exercises below.A1 Listen to the introduction and decide whether the following statement
210、s are true(T)or false(F).Writing style The author turns(1)_.She(2)_ of historical figures or events.Her language is(3)_.Factual accuracy The author has referred to many academic history books to(4)_.(5)_ on the same event have been considered.(6)_ have been compared.Influence on me The author has in
211、spired me to(7)_ on certain topics.I am eager to(8)_.My favourite popular history book 1 The book is about the Song Dynasty.T/F2 In the first week,the book sold 5,000 copies.T/F3 The author has tried her best to ensure that the facts are accurate.T/F4 The author provides many thoughtful comments on
212、some events.T/F5 Alan thinks that there is a new trend towards reading popular science books.T/FTipThe wording of the statements may not be the same as that of the specific information in the text.First read the statements carefully and identify keywords and phrases that might help you listen for th
213、e information you need.When listening,look out for the synonyms for those words or phrases.Recognizing paraphrasingBack to the past 37B Alan has found an article about popular history books.Read the article and answer the questions below.Not so long ago,history was a heavy topic for the general read
214、er.Luckily,popular history books have made that a thing of the past.There are more popular history books on our shelves than before.As a historian,I am glad about this!I want as many people as possible to enjoy the subject.I believe understanding the past that has shaped the present day helps us con
215、tinue to build a better future.However,academic history books do not usually make that easy for the general reader.With the rise of popular history books,the subject is now more accessible than ever.This type of history book presents historical information in a way that is easily understood,sometime
216、s with a touch of humour,seeking to inform and educate a wider audience about history.It also provides a knowledge base for those who want to study history but need to walk before they can run.So how do popular history books achieve this?The authors adopt a natural,chatty style of writing that opens
217、 up the subject matter to the ordinary reader.Also,they often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly,thus engaging the readers interest.Packed with vivid descriptions and fun facts,this type of history book is highly readable and true to life.Reading
218、 popular history books is certainly a fantastic way to introduce people to the basics of history.Contrary to popular history books,most academic books tend to adopt a more analytical and serious approach to studying history.Think of it this way:popular history books lead you to the doorway of a pala
219、ce,but if you want to enter the palace and truly explore it,you need to open a few academic history books too!Popular history books1 According to the historian,why can popular history books attract a wider audience?_2 What is the historians attitude towards popular history books?Use details in the a
220、rticle to support your opinion._D Write an article on popular history books.Use your ideas from part C and the information in parts A and B to help you.ExpressionsAgreeing and disagreeingI agree with you.Yes,thats right.Youre absolutely right.I couldnt agree with you more.I feel the same way.Thats n
221、ot always the case.I dont think thats a good idea.I dont see eye to eye with you.Im sorry,but I totally disagree.I see your point,but.Unit 3 38C In pairs,talk about popular history books.Use the following questions and expressions to help you.What is the current situation of popular history books?Wh
222、at is your opinion of popular history books?What are the features of popular history books?Planning your writing Learning about the structure To write an article on popular history books,you can follow the structure below:Start by introducing the rise of popular history books and stating your opinio
223、n on them.Give your reasons and examples to support your point of view.End the article with a strong conclusion.Learning about writing techniques An effective opening paragraph is important for a piece of successful writing.A well-written introduction tells the reader what is to come and encourages
224、them to read further.You could use a rhetorical question or a well-known saying to grab the readers attention.Checking your writingRemember to check your writing after you finish and exchange drafts between you and your partner.Pay attention to the following aspects:Punctuation Spelling Grammar Choi
225、ce of words Style(formal/informal)StructureSelf-review What reasons do you give to support your opinion?How well do you write your opening paragraph?Peer review Does your partner think you clearly state your opinion on popular history books?What corrections does your partner think you have to make?B
226、ack to the past 39Hell comes to Pearl Harbor Read the article about the attack on Pearl Harbor.It was Sunday,December 7,1941.As usual,the wake-up call came at 5:45 a.m.The men aboard the warship USS Arizona stretched and rubbed their eyes.Seaman Russell Warriner was awakened by Quartermaster Louis C
227、onter.Russell made his bed and helped clean the huge,shared room.The men went to the washroom,dressed in their uniforms and sat down to breakfast.It looked like it would be a normal day on board the ship.But nobody ate their breakfast:at that moment,there was a huge crashing sound from above.The shi
228、p shook violently and the men looked at each other in horror.Above their heads,hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles.They were diving down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor.The scream of their engines was deafening.As bombs thundered all around,clouds of black smoke rose into the sky and hung
229、over the sea.Russell felt his blood freeze,but he quickly came to himself and rushed up to the deck.Moments later,a bomb hit the USS Arizona and Russell was thrown more than 100 meters across the ship.He suffered serious burns on his hands,arms and legs,and watched many of his friends die.Louis,mean
230、while,also standing on the deck,was lucky not to be thrown into the sea.With only minor injuries,he was able to help others who were severely burnt and in terrible pain.After receiving the order to abandon ship,Louis saved more men from the water,dragging them into the lifeboat.In the chaos and conf
231、usion after the attack,the US Navy sent a message to his family that Louis had been killed in the attack.Luckily,he was able to get in touch with them before the message arrived.Despite his remarkable actions,Louis did not think that he was a hero.“The heroes are the ones that gave their lives that
232、day,”he said.5101520Extended readingUnit 3 40TimeEventsBefore the attackDuring the attackAfter the attackNowRussell was saved from the water,but he was badly burnt,bleeding heavily.Fortunately,he was taken to hospital and survived.For many years,Russell refused to talk about what happened that morni
233、ng,describing it simply as“hell”.His wife Elsa said,“When he opened up later on,he always mentioned the horror of it.”Louis and Russell would never forget the terrible scene of the attack,but they were fortunate enough to be among the few survivors from the Arizona.Nobody had expected the bombing.Ja
234、pan had hatched a plot to launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor,so the attack began without warning and without declaring war on the United States.The attack destroyed nearly 20 American ships and over 180 airplanes.In total,more than 2,000 American people were killed and over 1,000 others were w
235、ounded that day.More than 1,000 people aboard the Arizona lost their lives.Out of 37 sets of brothers,Russell and his brother were the only full pair to survive the attack.The surprise attack came as a great shock to the whole nation.The next day,President Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor
236、 Speech,in which he described December 7 as“a date which will live in infamy”and asked that the US Congress declare war on Japan.In response to the attack and the presidents address,the United States joined the Second World War.Today,the USS Arizona lies where it sank:in the middle of the Pacific Oc
237、ean.Its location is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge,which crosses the ships sunken remains.Each year,more than two million people visit the memorial.They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor,to learn about the attack,to show respect for those who had lost thei
238、r lives in the attack and to pray for world peace.Although about eight decades has passed,the attack on Pearl Harbor,one of the darkest episodes in American history,will never be forgotten.2530354045A Complete the table below with the information from the article.B Why should we never forget the att
239、ack on Pearl Harbor?TipRecognizing how a text is organized can help you understand it better,and find particular information in the text more easily.Chronological order is often used to tell stories or describe historical events.While reading,you should pay attention to the linking words that indica
240、te the order,e.g.later,meanwhile,after or before.Identifying the chronological orderBack to the past 41ProjectMaking a report on a historical eventA As a class,discuss historical events that you are interested in.Then in groups,choose one historical event to research.B As a group,research your chose
241、n historical event.Use the ideas below to help you.C As a group,put together your information to make a report on the historical event.Use the example below to help you.Then present your report to the rest of the class.Background Process ImpactThe Industrial Revolution started in England in the 18th
242、 century.In the 19th century,it spread to other European countries such as Belgium,France and Germany,and also the United States.The factory system was one fundamental change of the Industrial Revolution.This began with improvements in textile production in northern England.Machine designs were refo
243、rmed and the textile output increased considerably.Previously,the work was done at home,but thanks to the machines,cloth could be made in factories,where each worker had a specialized role.Steam power was another important change.In 1712,Thomas Newcomen created the first practical steam engine.James
244、 Watt then greatly improved Newcomens engine,making it more suitable for industrial use in the late 18th century.Through further improvement,the steam engine was widely used in factories and transport to power all types of machines.The shift from the cottage industry to the factory system,combined w
245、ith the introduction of new machines,new energy sources and new forms of transport,promoted economic growth and expanded world trade.These developments,in turn,had an impact on society as a whole,bringing about the rapid growth of industrial cities and the appearance of an urban working class.The In
246、dustrial RevolutionUnit 3 42Further studyWorld history provides a record of the people and events that have impacted on the whole world throughout the ages.Examining history enables us to learn about the past and gain a broader perspective on the present day.Read a book about world history to take a
247、 journey through time and space and explore the causes and consequences of the past events.The National Museum of China(NMC),one of the largest museums in the world,is a great palace of history and art in China.Visit its official website to explore and learn more about Chinas long history.Assessment
248、Answer the following questions to assess your performance.Then work in groups and exchange your answers with your partners.1 Can you make a comparison between Zheng Hes and Columbuss voyages?Make a list of the differences and similarities.2 What do you think of your writing about popular history boo
249、ks?List 2 or 3 sentences that you are the most satisfied with.3 What can you learn from the article about the attack on Pearl Harbor to help you describe wars?4 Did you have any difficulty doing the project of this unit?If yes,what was it?5 What new words have you learnt from this unit?List some of
250、them.*6 What grammar have you learnt from this unit?Make a sentence with the grammar.*7 What tips have you learnt from this unit?Make a list of them.8 How are you going to improve your overall performance?Make an action plan.*Assess your learning of vocabulary and grammar by doing language practice
251、on pages 6970.The Great Pyramid of Giza belongs to the cultural heritage sites.This tall man-made structure shows us the advanced _.Yellowstone National Park is one of the natural heritage sites.It is known for _ and geothermal features.Mount Huangshan,one of _,is famous for its breathtaking mountai
252、n scenery.Protecting our heritage sites43UNIT 4Protecting our heritage sites A concerted effort to preserve our heritage is a vital link to our cultural,educational,aesthetic,inspirational,and economic legacies.Steve BerryIn this unit,you are going to:read a lecture transcript about World Heritage S
253、ites in danger;write an article calling for the protection of heritage sites;read a magazine article about the Silk Road;make a poster to introduce a UNESCO heritage site.1 Which heritage site mentioned in the video impresses you most?Why?2 What other heritage sites do you know about?What are they l
254、ike?Welcome to the unitHeritage is the shared wealth of mankind.Watch the video and finish the following exercises.Unit 4 44Some of the heritage sites face serious dangers.The lecture below is given by a UNESCO official,who explains some of these dangers.Before you read the lecture transcript,think
255、about the following questions:What historic or natural sites are there in your area?What dangers do you think cultural and natural heritage sites are faced with?Welcome,everybody.Its wonderful to be here.Before we begin,I want to ask you:have you ever been awed by natural wonders?Have you ever been
256、fascinated by human civilization?If so,you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind.I have the belief that some of you have heard about UNESCO heritage sites or maybe even visited one!There are currently around 1,100 sites in mor
257、e than 160 countries worldwide.Unfortunately,they face a variety of dangers and many of them are in urgent need of protection.Lets look at some specific issues.Heritage sites are at risk from natural forces.The long-term natural forces,such as wind,water and temperature,can gradually wear down herit
258、age sites.For instance,the Great Pyramid of Giza is now several metres shorter than it was originally.Natural disasters,the sudden and powerful natural forces,can lead to the destruction of heritage sites:in 2003,a terrible earthquake shook south-eastern Iran and ruined large parts of the city of Ba
259、m,an incredible UNESCO cultural heritage site.Another big danger is human activities.Wars can cause a great deal of damage to both cultural and natural heritage sites.Sometimes,amazing ancient clay Reading5101520Protecting our heritage sites45sculptures and buildings are accidentally destroyed by mi
260、ssile attacks during periods of violence.In some conflict areas where civil wars often break out,fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose.Meanwhile,World Heritage status may give rise to a series of problems.One of the problems is the flood of tourists.Millions of tourists travel to UN
261、ESCO World Heritage Sites every year,so it is only natural that the sites suffer a bit of wear and tear.The temples of Angkor in Cambodia are typical examples of unique architecture.Every day,thousands of tourists climbing up the narrow stone steps are wearing down these ancient buildings and the lo
262、ng-term consequences could lead to irreparable destruction of the internal structure.Due to human population growth,the demand for production and consumption of goods increases.Widespread development puts our cultural and natural heritage sites in danger.Many heritage sites are even at risk of being
263、 lost forever.Take the Historic Centre of Vienna in Austria as an example.The city has been recognized as the musical capital of Europe since the 16th century,home to the likes of Mozart and Beethoven.It is now on the List of World Heritage in Danger due to high-rise construction projects in central
264、 Vienna.Such dangers can have disastrous outcomes not only for the sites themselves,but also for people.For instance,the Great Barrier Reef off the north-east coast of Australia is a natural heritage site in danger.Due to high seawater temperatures caused by global warming,a large amount of coral is
265、 killed and parts of the reef are seriously affected,which harms its fragile natural ecology.As well as being home to a wide diversity of ocean species,the reef can boost tourism and fishing in the local area,providing many job opportunities.It also helps protect the coastline against waves and floo
266、ds.If the reef disappears,many peoples lives and possibly even their homes will suffer greatly.Heritage protection is at the top of the agenda for the benefit of all mankind.The more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites,the more likely we are to treat them with respec
267、t.These sites are the great wonders of our world and tell the story of human civilization.We all share a joint responsibility to protect and preserve them,not just for ourselves,but for future generations.If your heart breaks like mine at the thought of our irreplaceable heritage being lost forever,
268、please take action.If youre interested,please look at our website and participate in any way you can!Thank you.253035404550Unit 4 46A Understanding the textA1 Read the lecture transcript and complete the chart below.A2 Read the lecture transcript again carefully and answer the following questions.1
269、How many UNESCO heritage sites are there worldwide?_2 How do wars threaten heritage sites?_3 What activity is causing damage to the temples of Angkor?_4 Why is the Historic Centre of Vienna on the List of World Heritage in Danger?_5 What causes the loss of the coral on the Great Barrier Reef?_A3 In
270、pairs,discuss the following questions.1 The lecturer mentions examples of heritage sites facing dangers.Can you think of more examples?2 At the end of the lecture,what questions would you like to ask the lecturer?Para.1:Heritage sites need protection.Paras.25:(1)_ _Natural forcesPara.7:(5)_Long-term
271、 natural forcesWars(3)_Para.6:Such dangers can have disastrous outcomes not only for the sites,but also for people.Human activities(4)_(2)_Protecting our heritage sites47B Building your languageB1 The blog entry below is about the Wooden Pagoda of Yingxian County in China.Complete the blog entry wit
272、h the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.incredible urgent ruin wear downcivilization internal agenda at the thought of Today I learnt a lot about the Wooden Pagoda of Yingxian County,Shanxi Province.This(1)_ ancient structure has a very rich historyit was built during the Liao
273、Dynasty,almost 1,000 years ago.It is actually one of the oldest wooden structures without a single nail in the world and attracts millions of tourists every year!Unfortunately,there has been a lot of damage to the pagoda over the centuries.Wind and rain gradually(2)_ the wooden building.Moreover,nat
274、ural disasters such as earthquakes even caused great damage to its(3)_ structure.In addition,the pagoda got hit by bombs during several wars,which caused some damage.Given these dangers,it was in(4)_ need of repair.For years,a panel of specialists discussed and assessed different means of repairing
275、the pagoda.It was quite a big challenge.Because the pagoda had already started to tip to one side,people were worried it would collapse if they tried to make any major repairs.Nobody wanted to see the site(5)_!After close consultation with the specialists,the local government couldnt agree on how to
276、 make the repairs safely.Therefore,the repair work was suspended.However,Im really glad(6)_ everybody working together like this to save our heritage sites.I really hope one day we are able to repair the pagoda successfully.I looked at many photos of the pagoda on the Internet,and all my research ha
277、s helped me appreciate the importance of protecting heritage sites of human(7)_.This task should be at the top of every nations(8)_.B2 The lecture transcript uses a lot of words and phrases related to damage to and protection of heritage sites.Find the words and phrases in the lecture transcript and
278、 think of more on your own.B3 The lecture transcript uses some transitional sentences.Find these in the lecture transcript and try to replace them with your own transitional sentences.Learn this Texts that flow smoothly are more elegant and also easier to understand.We can connect the ideas of two p
279、aragraphs with a transitional sentencea sentence that serves as a bridge between the two paragraphs.Words and phrases related to damagewear downWords and phrases related to protectionpreserveUnit 4 48Grammar and usageAppositive clausesA Exploring the rulesWorking out the rules An appositive clause i
280、s usually placed after an abstract noun to explain its content.We often use(1)_,(2)_ or a question word to introduce an appositive clause.Nouns that can be followed by an appositive clause include fact,idea,news,opinion,etc.Grammar notes page 96Chris is reading an article about the effort to save hi
281、storic temples in Egypt.Find the sentences with appositive clauses and fill in the box below.The first one has been done for you.The Abu Simbel temples in Egypt are thousands of years old and it took decades to build them.There are divisions among historians over when exactly the construction of the
282、 twin temples started,but no one can deny the fact that they were constructed in the 13th century BCE.In the mid-20th century,the temples were under serious threat.The government had decided to build the Aswan High Dam on the Nile and this structure would cause water levels to rise,which could in tu
283、rn flood the Abu Simbel temples.This decision caused widespread concern among people around the world.They could not prevent the construction of the dam and they had no idea whether the temples could be saved from the rising waters.Some experts,however,had a feeling that it was possible.UNESCO put t
284、ogether an international team of architects,engineers and heavy equipment operators,who looked at different ways of saving the temples.At first,they had no idea which way could work.Finally,they decided to try to take the temples apart,move their parts to a new location and then put them back togeth
285、er.There was no guarantee that it would work,since no one had attempted anything similar before.Furthermore,the experts had no clue whether any parts of the temples would break during transport.However,the operation was carefully planned and the team eventually managed to relocate all of the Abu Sim
286、bel temples without incident.This success demonstrates the power of international cooperation in times of crisis.It is difficult to forecast what threats our heritage sites will face in the future,but we have the belief that we will need this kind of cooperation in heritage preservation.,but no one
287、can deny the fact that they were constructed in the 13th century BCE.Protecting our heritage sites49B Applying the rules B1 Read the sentences below and tick the ones with appositive clauses.1 We have no doubt that UNESCO is trying to protect the heritage sites.2 This was the clue that helped the po
288、lice find the man who had destroyed the ancient statues.3 Many people do not know the reason why this heritage site is threatened.4 There is no question that we should protect our shared heritagewe simply have to.5 I want to plan my trip but I have no idea when the temples will open.B2 Chris meets w
289、ith Miss Ma to discuss UNESCOs work related to heritage preservation.Complete the conversation below with proper linking words to form appositive clauses.Chris:Sorry to interrupt you,Miss Ma.Im writing an article about UNESCOs work on heritage preservation.Can you tell me something about it?Miss Ma:
290、Sure.In 1972,the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO.Chris:But Ive heard some people have serious doubts(1)_ the World Heritage Convention really helps.Miss Ma:Sure,it does.It links the concepts of nature con
291、servation and the preservation of cultural properties together.Apart from the Convention,the World Heritage Committee was established in 1976 and passed the motion(2)_ we should protect our cultural and natural heritage sites.Chris:I see.Can you tell me what the World Heritage Committee does?Miss Ma
292、:Of course.For example,it votes to determine which sites are to be listed as UNESCO heritage sites and monitors the state of conservation.Chris:Thats amazing.Is China one of the UNESCO States Parties?Miss Ma:Yes.Do you have any idea(3)_ Chinese properties are on the World Heritage List?Chris:Yes,mor
293、e than 50 now.For example,the Grand Canal,the worlds longest and oldest canal,was on the list in 2014.Ive heard the news(4)_ certain heritage sites in China are under threat.Miss Ma:Youre right.The proposal(5)_ we should raise public awareness of heritage protection is worth considering.B3 Chris is
294、talking to her friend Jenny about a historic site in the city.In pairs,complete the conversation below using appositive clauses.Chris:I was upset that those ancient buildings were in such bad condition.Jenny:But didnt you hear the news(1)_?Chris:No,I didnt.Thats great news!I have a dream(2)_.Jenny:I
295、ll join you.After all,we have no idea(3)_.Integrated skillsCalling for the protection of our heritage sitesA Linda has found an editorial about the importance of world heritage.Read the editorial and answer the questions below.Unit 4 50 1 According to the editorial,why should we protect heritage sit
296、es?_2 How do you understand the quote from Cicero?_There are certain things on the Earth that we must not lose.The great animal migration across the plains of the Serengeti or the towering pyramids of Egypt are such examples.Every country can be proud of its cultural or natural heritage sites,which
297、must be protected,so that we can enjoy them today and allow future generations to know where they come from.We are lucky to have UNESCO to oversee such an important task.It sees heritage as“our legacy from the past,what we live with today,and what we pass on to future generations”as well as“irreplac
298、eable sources of life and inspiration”.The incredible splendour of heritage sites is a reminder of the power of nature and the genius of man.As a national park and nature reserve,Jiuzhaigou Valley,just north of the Sichuan Basin,is home to mighty snow-capped mountains,thick forests alive with wildli
299、fe,impressive waterfalls and lakes so blue that they take our breath away.This dreamlike scenery makes us realize that nature has truly created a masterpiece.Similarly,standing in the shadow of the Borobudur Temple,as the sun rises over this grand historic building,we are impressed with the effort,d
300、etermination and intense belief of the people who built it with only primitive tools.It is in places like these that we cannot help but be humbled,come to understand our limitations as human beings,and know that our duty is to protect them for future generations.Heritage sites not only often provide
301、 answers to questions,but also often pose questions to which there are no definitive answers at the moment.They do,however,provide us with opportunities to wonder,to be inspired and to think more deeply about our time on the Earth.As Cicero remarked,“To be ignorant of what occurred before you were b
302、orn is to remain always a child.”The value of our heritageB Linda is listening to a radio interview about the protection of heritage sites.Listen and finish the exercises below.B1 Listen to the interview and decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).1 Mr Li is a professor in the
303、 field of history.T/F2 The host thinks making laws is a good way to protect heritage sites.T/F3 Mr Li wants more tourists coming to the heritage sites.T/F4 The host thinks that limits can ensure the safety of these sites.T/F5 Mr Lis main job is to raise funds for the local heritage projects.T/F6 We
304、can educate local officials about the importance of heritage sites.T/FB2 Listen to the interview again and complete the notes below.Protecting our heritage sites51How to protect heritage sitesMeasures to limit the number of tourists Ask tourists to(1)_ through an app or on the website in advance(2)_
305、 how long tourists can spend visiting the heritage sites on a daily basisResources(3)_ Equipment(4)_ in many other fieldsEducation Launch campaigns(5)_(6)_C In pairs,discuss the protection of heritage sites.Use the following ideas to help you.The importance of protecting heritage sites Methods of pr
306、otectionD Write an article calling for the protection of heritage sites.Use your ideas from part C and the information in parts A and B to help you.TipMoving on to another topicWhen too much time has been spent on a topic,or your partner has nothing more to say about a topic,you can move on to anoth
307、er topic,e.g.I think weve talked enough about this point.Maybe we could move on to.I think theres nothing more to talk about this aspect.Lets change the topic to.Planning your writing Learning about the structure To write an article calling for the protection of heritage sites,you can follow the str
308、ucture below:State the importance of the protection of heritage sites.Give your ideas on how to protect our heritage sites.Sum up the main points and call on people to take action.Learning about the language Make sure you use very clear and direct language.You can also use modal verbs to express obl
309、igation to protect heritage sites.Learning about writing techniques An effective closing paragraph is essential to a piece of successful writing.At the end of the writing,you should sum up the main points.You could also include an interesting statement or a projection for the future.There are some c
310、ommon expressions that can be used to draw conclusions,e.g.in conclusion,to conclude,to sum up,in summary.Checking your writingRemember to check your writing after you finish and exchange drafts between you and your partner.Pay attention to the following aspects:Punctuation Spelling Grammar Choice o
311、f words Style(formal/informal)StructureSelf-review What ideas do you give on the protection of our heritage sites?Does your writing have an effective conclusion?Peer review What does your partner think of the structure of your writing?What suggestions does your partner give for further improvement?U
312、nit 4 52Extended readingRead the magazine article about the Silk Road.Protecting our heritage sites53Covering vast distances and an astonishing variety of landscapes,the Silk Road was a network of ancient trade routes that extended from East Asia all the way to the Mediterranean.A key section of the
313、 extensive Silk Road network is the Changan-Tianshan Corridor,which stretches over a distance of around 5,000 kilometres through China,Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan,covering a total of 8,700 kilometres of trade routes.The three countries jointly pursued an application for UNESCO World Heritage status.Th
314、ey submitted the proposal which contained detailed research on the 33 sites along the corridor.This made history in its own way as the first successful multinational World Heritage applicationand it seems to be only the beginning of the road for the Silk Road,as other countries are also planning Wor
315、ld Heritage applications for other sections of the network.The starting point of the corridor and the entire Silk Road network is Changan(present-day Xian),in Shaanxi Province of north-west China.It was famous as the capital of the Han and Tang Dynasties.Further west on the Silk Road,the geography g
316、radually changes from wild deserts to high,snow-capped mountains to vast grasslands as the routes pass through the splendid Tianshan Mountains and emerge in the rolling valleys of Central Asia.Although the Changan-Tianshan Corridor ends here,the network continues westwards until it reaches the Medit
317、erranean.The Silk Road began to develop in the 2nd century BCE.Assigned by the emperor,the ambassador Zhang Qian journeyed from Changan to Central Asia,seeking to build bridges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions.Following 5101520A Write a summary of the article on the Silk Road.Use the
318、following ideas to help you.B The Silk Road Economic Belt initiative was first brought up in 2013.What impact is the initiative having on the countries along the Silk Road?Zhangs efforts,trade routes took shape and relationships were strengthened between the major powers of the time,with the routes
319、network reaching as far as the Roman Empire.The network expanded gradually,playing an important role in world history between the 6th and 14th centuries,and remained in use until the 16th century.At the initial stage of the Silk Road development,silk was the main item in the trade list thanks to its
320、 light weight and high value.At its peak,many other items were contributed to the marketplace of goods.The routes were alive with strings of camels carrying loads of goods and traders selling everything imaginable.Chinas exports included silk,china and tea,while horses,wool,cotton and grapes were al
321、l imported over vast distances along the network.In addition to trade exchange,the network served as a bridge for cultural exchange which shaped the evolution of science,art,technology and many other areas in societies along the network.Astronomy and mathematics were introduced to China from India a
322、nd Arabia;in Gansu Province,the Mogao Caves,home to some of the finest examples of Buddhist art,reflected the eastward spread of Buddhism from India;important Chinese inventions such as papermaking and printing were first brought to the West through the network.All of these activities contributed to
323、 a great age of expansion as trade and cultural exchanges gave people access to new goods,knowledge and ideas.These amazingly long routes connected Eastern and Western civilizations,which achieved a shared development.In the modern age,through the Belt and Road Initiative,the Silk Road is once again
324、 connecting the countries along the ancient trade routes and promoting the exchanges of different civilizations.The addition of the Changan-Tianshan Corridor to the UNESCO World Heritage List is a milestone in recognition of the Silk Road as a crucial part of humanitys common heritage.The overall in
325、troduction The geography The history The trade and cultural exchanges The significanceUnit 4 542530354045Protecting our heritage sites55Location In the Pacific Ocean,on both sides of the equatorHistory The islands were discovered in 1535 and became part of Ecuador in 1832.In 1835,Charles Darwin visi
326、ted the islands.His research there led to the groundbreaking theory of evolution by natural selection.In 1978,UNESCO listed the Galpagos Islands as a UNESCO World Heritage Site,describing them as a unique“living museum and showcase of evolution”.ImportanceBecause the islands are so far from any othe
327、r land mass,and they are also located at the meeting point of three ocean currents,they are home to many unusual plants and animals that do not live elsewhere on the planet.Threats Human activities such as overfishing upset the habitat and behaviour of the local animals.Invasive species threaten the
328、 unique ecosystem of the islands.Protection measures The government has introduced a special entry fee for tourists.The introduction of non-native species is banned.ProjectMaking a poster on a UNESCO heritage siteA As a class,discuss the UNESCO heritage sites that you are interested in.Then in group
329、s,choose one heritage site to research.C As a group,put together your information to make a poster.Use the example below to help you.Then present your poster to the rest of the class.B As a group,research your chosen heritage site.Use the ideas below to help you.The sites location Its history Its im
330、portance Its current state,including threats Measures to protect itFurther studyThe web pages of UNESCO World Heritage Centre provide some information about news and events related to heritage,and inform the public of the importance of protecting our heritage.Visit the web pages to learn more about
331、heritage sites.The history of the Silk Road is the amazing story of trade and cultural exchanges in ancient times.Its modern revival in the shape of the Belt and Road Initiative has spotlighted its importance once again.Read a book about the ancient trade routes network to find out more about its im
332、pact on the world.AssessmentAnswer the following questions to assess your performance.Then work in groups and exchange your answers with your partners.Unit 4 56 1 What do you think is the purpose of the lecture?2 What do you think of your writing about the protection of heritage sites?List 2 or 3 se
333、ntences that you are the most satisfied with.3 What is the outstanding universal value of the Silk Road?4 How do you like your experience of making a poster on a UNESCO heritage site?Do you want to try more?5 What new words have you learnt from this unit?List some of them.*6 What grammar have you le
334、arnt from this unit?Make a sentence with the grammar.*7 What tip have you learnt from this unit?Provide an example to show how it helps you with your learning.8 How are you going to improve your overall performance?Make an action plan.*Assess your learning of vocabulary and grammar by doing language
335、 practice on pages 7576.Unit 1 Wish you were hereWorkbookA Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box below.1 In this beautiful place,humans live in perfect _ with nature.2 To his disappointment,only a _ of his employees supported the new plan.3 Our head teacher was fond of he
336、r _ and confident personality.4 In Japan,over 30 per cent of residents live in the capital and the _ area.5 The doctor advised him to reduce his alcohol _.6 Sarah often _ life in Italy now with what it was like 20 years ago.7 It is wise to talk in a more polite _ to make a good first impression on o
337、thers.8 All their personal _ have been packed into the suitcases.B Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases in the box below.1 Indigenous peoples _ nearly five per cent of the total population in that country.2 _ a house in Liverpool,the Smiths also have a villa in a suburb of London
338、.3 The sun _ and the ground temperature is rising sharply.4 Books _ on the top shelf,and they are beyond my reach.5 I am wondering what _ his change in attitude.6 To enjoy the summer sunshine on the beach,_ the Gold Coast!7 I chose that island as my tourist destination,because it was _.8 From my poi
339、nt of view it all _ peoples addiction to smartphones.consumption contrast dynamic harmonymanner minority possession surroundingapart from bring about off the beaten track come down tomake ones way to beat down make up line up57Wish you were hereExploring languageC Fill in the blanks with proper rela
340、tive pronouns or relative adverbs.You can add a preposition before the relative pronoun where necessary.1 My hometown,_ attracts tourists from across the country,looks quite different from what it was when I was a child.2 Einstein,_ we all know is a great scientist,developed the theory of relativity
341、 more than 100 years ago.3 Sometimes we had to work until the early hours of the morning,_ most people were still fast asleep.4 My hobby is reading books,_ I spend most of my spare money.5 Our teachers always try to create a relaxed atmosphere in class,_ we can enjoy the learning experience.6 _ we a
342、ll know,travelling can give us opportunities to broaden our horizons.7 There are about 1,000 students in our school,most _ are from the suburbs.8 We were all very grateful to John,_ help contributed greatly to our success.9 There are dozens of TV channels available,some _ specialize in art and liter
343、ature.10 Hundreds of people came to the town to enjoy the beauties of nature,_ was usual at weekends.D Translate the following sentences into English.Use the words and phrases in the brackets.1 考虑到天气，我们将提前出发。(given)2 我们第一次体验了这项极限运动。(sample)3 她成功登顶了，这一点不让人意外。(come as no surprise)4 这两种文化截然不同。(distinct
344、 from)5 非洲那壮丽的风景让我难以忘怀。(splendid)6 这项举措会影响公司每个人的福利。(welfare)7 这个价格包括住宿和交通的费用。(accommodation)8 如果你有机会游览桂林，那里的景色会让你惊喜的。(Should.)58Unit 1The Grand Canyona real-world geology lessonNo trip to south-western America is complete without a visit to the Grand Canyon,one of the natural wonders of the world.A
345、golden oldieLocated in Arizona,the Grand Canyon is a real-world geology lesson.It was formed over millions of years by the Colorado River as it slowly ate its way through the many layers of rock.The rocks at the rim of the canyon are about 270 million years old,while those at the bottom of the canyo
346、n are more than 1.8 billion years old!The different types of stone also give the cliffs of the Grand Canyon their amazing colorsfrom brown and cream to deep red,purple and white.Home sweet canyonIn 1869,the geologist John Wesley Powell started mapping the Colorado River.He traveled through the Grand
347、 Canyon and also studied the cultures of some of the Native Americans he met.Powell was also the first person to call it the Grand Canyon(previously,it had simply been called the“Big Canyon”).The Native American tribes who live in the Grand Canyon today include the Havasupai.Their settlement is abou
348、t 1,000 meters down in the canyon.Since it is not reachable by car,visitors must go on an eight-mile hike down a very steep trail to reach the tiny village.Even the mail must be delivered by mule!_March 2007 saw the opening of one of the Grand Canyons newest attractions:the Grand Canyon Skywalk.The
349、viewing platform has a glass floor which allows visitors to stand around 20 meters out from the canyon rim and look down over 1,200 meters to the bottom of the canyon.Thats like looking straight down from the top of a skyscraper!The Grand Canyon is one of the USAs most famous attractions.After all,w
350、here else can you descend through billions of years of the Earths history on the back of a mule?This will be the most exciting geology lesson youll ever have!1 What might be an appropriate subheading for the fifth paragraph?Write it in the blank.2 Why is the Grand Canyon considered one of the USAs m
351、ost famous attractions?Give at least two reasons.59Wish you were hereBuilding skillsA Reading and speakingA1 The Grand Canyon,one of the most breathtaking sights in the USA,is famous for its geological depth and fantastic colors.Read the magazine article and answer the questions below.A2 In pairs,ro
352、le-play a conversation between a tourist and a tour guide in the Grand Canyon.Use the example below to help you and pay attention to the expressions in bold.Switch roles after you finish.A:Welcome to the Grand Canyon.Im Emma,and Im going to be your guide during this five-day hike.Let me give you a f
353、ew safety tips.As you can tell,Arizona is one of the driest states in the USA.Its going to be hot and sunny,so make sure you bring enough water before leaving.B:How hot will it be?A:Down in the canyon,its not unusual for the temperature to reach 40 C.Also,the rainy season is about to start,so theres
354、 a high risk of thunderstorms later this week.In fact,there are about 25,000 lightning strikes every year in the Grand Canyon.B:Wow!What if were caught in a thunderstorm while were hiking?A:If we hear thunder,we need to go to a safe place immediately.Dont touch any metal railings or stand underneath
355、 the trees.B:OK.Is there any chance of seeing wild animals when we go on our hike?A:Yes,well definitely see a few!Since you asked,let me take the opportunity to tell you about that.Keep a safe distancethe behaviour of wild animals can be very unpredictable.Stay 15 metres away from small animals,and
356、30 metres away from large ones.B:I see.Any other tips?A:Also,do not feed animals.They might start behaving aggressively towards you.Its also bad for wild animals to become dependent on human beings.B:I got it.Ill follow these safety tips.B Listening and writingB1 Annie is interviewing Martin,an adve
357、nturous traveller.Listen to the conversation and decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).If the information is not mentioned,circle NG(not given).1 Martin often hikes in the wild and remote places by himself.T/F/NG2 Martin does not have much free time and his life is stressful
358、.T/F/NG3 Mother Bear and her babies were playing behind Martins tent.T/F/NG4 Martin has never thought of giving up his adventures.T/F/NG5 Although Martin looks forward to having exciting experiences on his trips,he feels sad about leaving his family.T/F/NG6 Martins family will not let him continue h
359、is adventures.T/F/NG 60Unit 1B2 Martin releases a podcast giving advice on how to prepare for an adventurous trip.Listen to the podcast and complete the notes below.Hi _,_Yours,_Preparing for an adventurous tripTake the things you need(1)_ food supplies A(3)_ kit A torch A hiking map A(2)_ A good ba
360、ckpackPractise carrying your backpack A fully loaded backpack should be no(4)_ of your body weight.Pack your backpack and walk for a few hours with it.Find a partner It is far safer to travel(5)_.Make sure that you(6)_ with your partner.Learn basic camping skills How to(7)_ a tent How to start a fir
361、e How to send(8)_B3 Write an email inviting your friend to go on an adventure with you.Tell your friend about your plan and the possible preparations needed.ConclusionPlan and possible preparationsPurpose of the email61Wish you were hereAppreciating language Shangri-La,located in Chinas Yunnan Provi
362、nce,is a place of mystery and beauty.Read aloud the blog entry below written by a tourist in Shangri-La.Shangri-LaHere we were in Shangri-La.I had been dreaming about visiting this place after reading the classic novel,Lost Horizon by the English writer James Hilton.I sighed deeply at the sight of t
363、he fantastic scenery before me.I gasped for breath as I tried to take it all in at once.It was so beautiful.In the distance,snow-capped mountains reached up into the clear blue sky and their image was perfectly reflected in the mirror-like waters of the crystal clear lake,which sat at the foot of th
364、e mountains.I had never seen a sky so big;it stretched from horizon to horizon and was dotted with clouds so white that they made my eyes blink.Down in the valley were stands of trees dotting the landscape,all in different varieties and colours:dark green trees which would keep their needle-shaped l
365、eaves throughout the winter,and lighter broadleaved trees whose leaves would turn rich shades of gold during autumn.Between the trees were meadows of thick grass on which groups of cattle from nearby farms were happily grazing.The air was clear and cool.We were at such a high altitude that everythin
366、g I could see was in sharp focus.Not for the first time,I took a deep breath to control my emotions.I could hear the breeze gently playing with the leaves of nearby trees.It moved among the tall grasses so that they rippled like waves on the ocean.I became aware of natures music all around me and I
367、started to sway to its natural rhythm.At that moment,a small group of local villagers,both men and women,came over the ridge and waved to us.They were wearing traditional clothes of beautiful colours and their faces had a calmness that I had not seen before.They were a group of people totally in har
368、mony with their environment.This place was not only beautiful,but it was far away from the pressures and stresses of modern life.62Unit 1 Unit 2 Out of this worldExploring languageExploring languageA Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the brackets.1 Reading _(occupation)most o
369、f my leisure time recently.2 The aim of this quiz is to _(evaluation)your reading ability.3 Astronauts must wear special spacesuits to protect themselves from _(expose)to radiation in space.4 Road accidents have decreased in _(frequent)in this region during the past decade.5 Our editor is looking fo
370、r a reliable _(assist)to help her with daily tasks.6 The company has made a huge _(invest)in product development.7 To him,travelling is not _(mere)a hobby,but a way of life.8 The World Cup Final between France and Croatia received global media _(cover).B Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of
371、the phrases in the box below.1 Twin brothers as they are,they _ each other in many aspects.2 At last the staff meeting _ at 9 p.m.3 His previous work experience _ his career in oil painting.4 Jackies growing interest in music is _.5 _ the positive feedback from the audience,the director decided to w
372、ork on a new season.6 Actually,your reaction is perfectly understandable _.7 Winning this case is _ to the future success of the company.8 Recent research _ the economic consequences of this event.lay the foundation for plain to see in the circumstances differ fromin view of cast new light on of vit
373、al importance come to an end 63Out of this worldC Fill in the blanks with proper linking words to form subject clauses.1 _ learning a foreign language can develop students thinking ability is well accepted.2 _ makes Tom so extraordinary is his rich imagination and his ability to express himself.3 It
374、 is common knowledge _ the Earth is now the only planet in the solar system suitable to live on.4 Did it ever occur to you _ she was telling a white lie?5 _ we feel about ourselves is sometimes affected by other peoples opinions.6 _ there is life on other planets remains to be seen.7 _ we should put
375、 the album is a problem.8 It has not been decided yet _ we shall go on a trip to Japan.9 _ the man broke into the car is not known,because he didnt take any of the valuables inside.10 We need to bear in mind that _ holds fast to dreams is more likely to succeed.D Fill in the blanks with proper words
376、 or the correct forms of the words in the brackets.Leland Melvin is probably the only person in human history to catch a pass in the National Football League and in space.He played football for the university football team,(1)_ he was a wide receiver.Then he got drafted into the National Football Le
377、ague,but an(2)_(injure)cut short his professional football career.(3)_,this did not stop Melvin.He worked hard at graduate school,and later earned a position at NASA.He began working at a research center and then was selected as an astronaut.Years of hard training were(4)_ vital importance to his la
378、ter success.Actually,his road to space was not easy.During a training exercise,he lost his hearing,(5)_ came as a great shock to him.(6)_ amazed everyone was that he did not give up.He invested a large amount of time in education programs.Luckily,even with a partial(7)_(recover)of his hearing,he was
379、 able to fly two missions aboard the space shuttle Atlantis.Melvin is an athlete,engineer and astronaut,whose life story is(8)_(incredible)encouraging.64Unit 2Building skillsA Listening and speakingA1 Space Talk is a podcast devoted to all things about space.The host is introducing the search for ex
380、traterrestrial intelligence(SETI).Listen to the talk and answer the following questions.1 How long has the search for extraterrestrial intelligence been going on?_2 What do scientists use to detect extraterrestrial messages?_3 When was mans first SETI attempt?_4 What is the distance between the Eart
381、h and each“nearby”star in Project Ozma?_5 What does the SETI Institute want to explore,understand and explain?_Contacting extraterrestrialsChallengeWe wont be able to speak to them in any human language or with(1)_.We need to deal with difficulties of communicating across space and time and bridging
382、 an extremely wide(2)_.Way to communicate with themWe need to find(3)_.Two popular suggestions are(4)_.AdvantageWe could learn so much about life,(5)_ and even ourselves from them.Potential dangerExtraterrestrial civilizations may be a lot older than ours,so the aliens may have had more time to(6)_.
383、If they are not friendly,reaching out to them could be a horrible idea.A2 In the second half of the podcast,the host is interviewing astronomer Eileen Guest about contacting extraterrestrials.Listen to the conversation and complete the notes below.65Out of this worldA3 In pairs,discuss whether human
384、s should try to contact extraterrestrial intelligence.Use the example below to help you and pay attention to the expressions in bold.A:I dont think we should try to speak with extraterrestrials.Its far too dangerous.What if they make use of the most advanced technologies to travel here?B:That would
385、be great,wouldnt it?Imagine how amazing it would be to meet aliens for the first time!A:We know absolutely nothing about them.They could be friendly,but there is no guarantee whatsoever.One thing that comes to mind is that when two civilizations come into contact throughout human history,the more te
386、chnologically advanced one often takes advantage of the other.B:Well,thats just your opinion.I dont see the harm in introducing ourselves properly to aliens and trying to start a friendly little chat.Maybe they like sports and poetry just like us.A:I hope so,but theres no way of knowing for sure.Its
387、 dangerous to send out messages when you dont know who will receive them.What if they dont want a friendly chat and launch an attack instead?B:Well,you never know.Human beings have already been sending out signals for a very long time,so its a bit late to worry.We are pushing the limits of science a
388、nd technology,and we can learn more about the universe and ourselves.A:Hmm,you certainly made a good point there.Of all the planets in the solar system,Mars is the most Earth-like.It is made of rock and has a thin atmosphere.The scenery is beautiful but also strange,with sand dunes,dust and scattere
389、d rocks.It has some of the tallest mountains and deepest canyons in the solar systemall under a pink sky.Mars is further from the Sun than the Earth,and much colder:on average,the bone-chilling temperature is about 60 C below freezing.Its atmosphere consists mainly of carbon dioxide and is about 100
390、 times thinner than the Earths,so people will not be able to breathe.However,the biggest danger on Mars is radiation.Since Mars has no magnetic field,the radiation levels on Mars are much higher than those on the Earth,which means an increased risk of cancer.At first,residents will probably live und
391、erground to protect themselves against radiation,but once they develop radiation-blocking glass or plastic,they can live above ground in brick buildings with windows,or even inside a tent.B Reading and writingB1 What would a city on Mars look like?Read the magazine article and answer the questions b
392、elow.66Unit 2B2 Is it good or not for human beings to settle on other planets?Write a short passage to express your opinion.Settlers will need to manufacture everything they need,since it is expensive to send materials to Mars.To do so,they need to make use of the planets resources.Mars has plenty o
393、f metals and rock,and probably lots of water,but no wood or petroleum,which is used to make petrol,plastic and many other useful products.Settlers could make bricks from local dirt.And of course,everything sent to Mars will stay on Mars.Martian citizens will be really good at recycling.Settlers will
394、 also need to produce food,and they will most likely eat a vegan diet.Animals are hard to transport,and it takes much less energy to grow plants than to raise animals.Furthermore,plants breathe in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen,which people need to breathe.How will the settlers spend their leisur
395、e time?Perhaps they will go on short sightseeing trips,or create new sports that take advantage of the low gravity on Mars.Travelling back to the Earth will be difficult,because the fastest trip will take around six to eight months.Also,the radiation and lack of gravity on long space flights are har
396、mful to humans,so we will need to keep trips to a minimum.However,people on Mars can communicate with the Earth regularly.Settling on Mars will be mankinds first step in expanding our reach within the solar system and beyond._1 What are the dangers on Mars?2 Briefly summarize what life on Mars will
397、be like.Include at least three aspects.Title:_Reasons for opinionConclusionOpinion67Out of this worldAppreciating language When I returned to the common the sun was setting.Scattered groups were hurrying from the direction of Woking,and one or two persons were returning.The crowd about the large hol
398、e had increased,and stood out black against the lemon yellow of the skya couple of hundred people,perhaps.There were raised voices,and some sort of struggle appeared to be going on about the hole.Strange imaginings passed through my mind.As I drew nearer I heard Stents voice:“Keep back!Keep back!”Th
399、e end of the cylinder was being screwed out from within.Nearly two feet of shining screw projected.I turned,and as I did so the screw must have come out,for the lid of the cylinder fell upon the ground.I stuck my elbow into the person behind me,and turned my head towards the Thing again.For a moment
400、 the cylinder seemed perfectly black.I had the sunset in my eyes.I think everyone expected to see a man appearpossibly something a little unlike us,but in all essentials a man.I know I did.But,looking,I presently saw something moving slightly within the shadow:greyish billowy movements,one above ano
401、ther,and then two shining diskslike eyes.Then something looking like a little grey snake,about the thickness of a walking stick,twisted out of the middle,and moved in the air towards meand then another.A sudden feeling of coldness came over me.There was a general movement backwards.I found myself al
402、one,and saw the people on the other side of the hole running off,Stent among them.I looked again at the cylinder,and uncontrollable fear gripped me.I stood staring.A big greyish rounded bulk,the size,perhaps,of a bear,was rising slowly and painfully out of the cylinder.As it bulged up and caught the
403、 light,it shone like wet leather.Two large dark-coloured eyes were regarding me firmly.The mass that framed them,the head of the thing,was rounded,and had,one might say,a face.There was a mouth under the eyes,the lipless brim of which shook and breathed heavily,and dropped saliva.Those who have neve
404、r seen a living Martian can hardly imagine the strange horror of its appearance.Even at this first encounter,this first glimpse,I was overcome with disgust and dread.(Adapted from The War of the Worlds,by H.G.Wells)Are you curious about what the Martians might look like?Read aloud the excerpt below,
405、which describes a Martian emerging from a spaceship.68Unit 2 Unit 3 Back to the pastExploring languageExploring languageA Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box below.1 He tried to _ me of what he said,but I just did not buy it.2 A recent survey suggests that there is a dr
406、amatic _ in public opinion.3 The police _ the possibility that the boy was taken away by aliens.4 But for your _ support,I would not have survived the winter.5 In the _ experiments,students will find out more about the chemical element.6 If the new method _,we can work more efficiently.7 More cooper
407、ation between the two countries will _ rapid economic growth.8 It is necessary to draw a _ between the two artists works.9 The plane crashed,killing all 212 passengers _.10 The volcano erupted _,leaving all the people in the nearby village in panic.B Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the
408、phrases in the box below.1 Four great modern inventions _ the rapid social progress.2 My teacher _ sending me to hospital for a further physical examination.3 _ her husband,she received the Award for Best Actor.4 _ opposition from her family members,Amy was determined to study abroad.5 The factory i
409、s suffering from _ skilled workers at present.6 _ popular belief,highly intelligent students do not necessarily achieve academic success.7 The first step is to _ all your documents and put them in the desk drawer.8 Tales about this great explorer _ from generation to generation.aboard adopt comparis
410、on convince dismiss facilitate financial shift subsequent violentlyregardless of pass on a shortage of on behalf of insist on contrary to contribute to sort out 69Back to the pastC Fill in the blanks with proper linking words to form predicative clauses.1 My dream is _ I can study archaeology at uni
411、versity,because I am interested in the past.2 The reason why he was scolded was _ he had made a serious mistake in the experiment.3 Birds are kept in cages,but cages are not _ they are meant to be.4 I read a lot,I write regularly and I memorize new words every day.That is _ I learn English.5 The use
412、 of light and shade is _ impresses me most about this famous painting.6 The issue is _ we should take part in the speech competition.7 Tom had a terrible toothache and went to see the doctor.Thats _ he had a day off yesterday.8 The happiest time of my life is _ I sit at the dinner table with my fami
413、ly at the end of the day.9 My first impression of Mikes essay was _ it was off topic.10 There are dark clouds in the sky.It looks _ it is going to rain.D Fill in the blanks with proper words or the correct forms of the words in the brackets.There have been many(1)_(influence)explorers throughout his
414、tory.Their(2)_(exception)achievements and qualities are worthy of note.Vasco da Gama,a Portuguese explorer,was considered the first European(3)_(reach)India by sea.(4)_(departure)from Europe,Vasco da Gama led the very first ships to sail non-stop to India.His(5)_(discover)of this sea route resulted
415、in a big increase in trade and a booming economy.Ferdinand Magellan was also a great Portuguese explorer.He intended to search for a new route(6)_ the Spice Islands.His sailors were the first to successfully circumnavigate the world.The reason why Magellan himself did not complete the entire voyage
416、was(7)_ he was killed in a battle in the Philippines.The voyage,(8)_ lasted from 1519 to 1522,confirmed the conception of the world as a globe.70Unit 3Building skillsA Reading and speakingA1 Sheets made from papyrus were the chief writing material in ancient Egypt.Read the magazine article introduci
417、ng papyrus and answer the questions below.When the ancient Egyptians wanted to record something important such as a religious text or a literary tale,they would write on papyrus.Papyrus was a type of ancient paper,made from the stems of papyrus plants.The people who wrote on papyrus were known as sc
418、ribes.They were literate professionals,meaning that it was their job to read and write.Perhaps as few as one to ten per cent of the people in ancient Egypt were in this class,so being a scribe meant that you were well educated and of very high status.Using a brush and ink,scribes would record religi
419、ous texts,medical documents,legal contracts,literary tales and other documents.In addition to writing down these passages,scribes were responsible for painting beautiful illustrations to accompany the texts.These texts were not collected into books,but rolled up into scrolls.The papyrus documents th
420、at have survived have done so mainly because of Egypts climate,which is hot and dry.This environment helps preserve delicate materials,such as papyrus and wood.Additionally,much of ancient Egypt was,over time,buried in sand,which also helped protect fragile papyrus artefacts by blocking out damaging
421、 sunlight.Once the papyri were unearthed,however,they were exposed to harmful elements,such as light,moisture,oils from hands and air pollution.If modern technology is not used to conserve ancient papyri properly,these harmful elements can cause the papyrus to fall apart.Some early archaeologists re
422、corded stories about scrolls that had been packed carefully into boxes and shipped back to museums in Europe.When they opened the boxes,however,there was nothing inside but broken fragments and dust.Modern conservation varies in scientific complexity.Simple methods include controlling moisture in th
423、e air,temperature,exposure to light and exposure to insects.More complex methods include applying chemical solutions that can strengthen the papyrus strips and preserve the ink.Through such great efforts,many ancient Egyptian papyri have been preserved,providing us with incredible tales through text
424、 and illustration.1 What does the underlined word“fragments”in the third paragraph mean?2 What modern conservation methods are mentioned in the article?71Back to the pastA2 Archaeologists go to extraordinary lengths to discover and preserve artefacts such as papyrus scrolls.In turns,make a speech ab
425、out the importance of archaeologists work.Use the example below to help you and pay attention to the expressions in bold.What archaeologists do is not easy:they have to work long hours outdoors digging for artefacts,and they also need to make sure not to damage the objects that they find.Thanks to t
426、heir patience and perseverance,however,we now know much more about the past than ever before.Archaeologists not only discover artefacts,they also interpret their findings.By looking at bones or even rubbish found at archaeological sites,they can draw conclusions about the people who lived there,for
427、instance,what kind of food they ate,what tools they used,and whether they were rich or poor.Their conclusions are often astonishing,and they show us how the lives of previous generations have shaped the world we live in.It is also fascinating to find out that many basic aspects of life have not chan
428、ged that much over the centuries,and that people back then were not as different as one might think.In other words,archaeologists put us in touch with past generations,from whom we have inherited our culture and language.In conclusion,the past is still relevant,and we should be grateful for the work
429、 that archaeologists do.By studying the people who came before us,archaeologists offer us a precious window into the past,which in turn allows us to understand ourselves better._ BCE_ BCE_ BCE_ BCE_ BCE_ BCEB Listening and writingB1 Alexander the Great is one of the most famous figures in ancient hi
430、story.Listen to a radio programme introducing his life and fill in the blanks with the correct years.1 Alexander the Great was born.2 Alexander became the King of Macedonia.3 Alexander led his army into the Middle East.4 Alexander took Babylon.5 Alexander became the King of Persia.6 Alexander came d
431、own with a fever and died.72Unit 3_B3 Write a short passage introducing a historical figure.You may write about his/her life and achievements.You can research online or through books first.Legacy of Alexander the GreatHis military conquests His empire stretched across(1)_.His empire covered an area
432、of about(2)_ square kilometres.Spread of the Greek culture The Greek language was widely used in countries like Egypt even a hundred years after Alexanders death.(3)_ appeared on coins and monuments.The Indian Emperor Ashoka had some of(4)_ on stone tablets translated into Greek.Greek sculpture infl
433、uenced Indian art.(5)_ of the Buddha started appearing after Alexanders army reached India.Founding of the Greek cities Alexandria in Egypt became an important city of learning,with the ancient worlds(6)_.Connection to ChinaThe Han Dynasty came into contact with Bactria in Central Asia,ruled by the
434、Greeks.B2 In the second half of the radio programme,the host is interviewing a professor about the legacy of Alexander the Great.Listen to the conversation and complete the notes below.Title:_73Back to the pastAppreciating language Historians are those who study and write about the past.Read aloud t
435、he excerpt below to find out what makes a good historian.A true and comprehensive history should be the life of a nation.It should describe it in its larger and more various aspects.It should be a study of causes and effects,of distant as well as recent causes,and of the large,slow and permanent evo
436、lution of things.It should include the social,the industrial and the intellectual life of the nation as well as mere political changes.Moreover,it should be marked by a true perspective dealing with subjects at a length according to their real importance.All this requires a powerful and original int
437、ellect quite different from that of a mere compiler.It requires too,in a high degree,the kind of imagination which enables a man to reproduce not only the acts but the feelings,the ideals,the modes of thought and life of a distant past,and see through the actions and professions of men to their real
438、 characters.Insight into character is one of the first requirements of a historian.It is,therefore,much to be desired that he should possess a wide knowledge of the world.He should possess the knowledge of different types of character,foreign as well as English,which travel and society and practical
439、 experience of business can give.This knowledge will also be of no small advantage to him if he has passed through more than one intellectual or religious phase,widening the area of his appreciation and realisations.He should also have enough of the dramatic element to enable him to throw himself in
440、to ways of reasoning or feeling very different from his own.One of the most valuable of all forms of historical imagination is the one that enables a writer to place himself in the point of view of the best men on different sides,and to bring out the full sense of opposing arguments.All these gifts
441、or qualities are never in a high degree united,but they are all essential to a great historian,and a true school of history should widen instead of narrowing our understanding of it.74Unit 3 Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sitesExploring languageExploring languageA Fill in the blanks with the correct
442、 forms of the words in the brackets.1“How spectacular the waterfall is!”Linda shouted in _(awesome).2 We should strictly ban illegal and harmful content posted on the Internet,such as drug use and _(violent).3 After _(assessment)the house,experts advised them not to move in directly.4 This device wa
443、s used to _(forecast)earthquakes in ancient times.5 Strongly influenced by her father,Jenny showed great interest in wildlife _(conserve).6 They _(submission)all the documents needed for their visa application yesterday afternoon.7 Facing lots of challenges,the company is still confident about furth
444、er _(expand).8 _(assignment)by the King and Queen of Spain,Columbus departed with three ships.B Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases in the box below.1 He is the sort of person we can depend on _.2 My father forbids me from hanging out with _ him.3 For the company,staff training
445、is now _.4 People in disaster-stricken areas are _ clean water,enough food and safe shelter.5 After a heated discussion,a new plan _.6 The surprise attack _ a warning to the whole nation.7 They decided to figure out a way to protect the equipment from _.8 In order to annoy his parents,he broke the v
446、ase _.take shape at the top of the agenda in urgent need of on purposewear and tear the likes of in times of crisis serve as 75Protecting our heritage sitesC Fill in the blanks with proper linking words to form appositive clauses.1 Some hold the belief _ they can always find more ways of solving pro
447、blems.2 The decision _ we will have the celebration next month has not been made.3 We work as hard as we can in the knowledge _ our efforts will eventually pay off.4 Does anyone have any idea _ has happened to Paul?Why hasnt he come yet?5 She raised the problem _ we could improve communication betwe
448、en managers and staff.6 We have just received a warning _ a storm is on the way.We need to get prepared.7 There is some doubt among the students _ the travel plan will be cancelled.8 Many people responded positively to the suggestion _ we should raise money for local charities.9 We had a heated disc
449、ussion on the question _ online learning was better suited for high school students.10 Mr Smith really has no idea _ is wrong with their programme.D Translate the following sentences into English.Use the words and phrases in the brackets.1 对于何时启动寺庙修复工作，专家们意见不一。(division)2 自然力量和人类活动将我们的文化遗产地置于危险之中。(p
450、ut.in danger)3 机器磨损，导致产量下滑。(wear down)4 据估计美国有500万人面临失业的风险。(at risk of)5 人们越意识到环保的重要性，就越会满怀敬畏地对待大自然。(the more.,the more.)6 这座破败的建筑被保存下来，时时提醒我们战争的可怕。(reminder)7 一想到今天要完成这个任务，我就感到焦虑。(at the thought of)8 在顾客的需求和公司的目标之间有时会有矛盾。(conflict)76Unit 4A Listening and speakingA1 The podcast host is talking about
451、 the benefits of gaining UNESCO World Heritage status.Listen to the talk and fill in the blanks below.Building skillsMont-Saint-MichelLocation:Off the north-west coast of FranceWhen it gained World Heritage status:(1)_The number of tourists every year:(2)_Impact:The flood of tourists is a major chal
452、lenge to(3)_.Machu PicchuLocation:(4)_ of the Andes MountainsWhen it gained World Heritage status:(5)_Impact:The vibrations from(6)_ too many tourists could lead to the collapse of the temples and other structures.A2 In the second half of the podcast,the host is interviewing a sociologist named Shar
453、on King about the disadvantages of gaining UNESCO World Heritage status.Listen to the conversation and complete the notes below.1 Heritage sites can receive _ assistance from UNESCO.2 Angkor was removed from the List of World Heritage in Danger in _.3 New heritage sites are likely to _ from far and
454、wide.4 The boom in tourism can lead to _ in the area.5 Improved local infrastructure such as _ can benefit the local people and the tourists.6 The inclusion of any site in the World Heritage List is a source of _.77Protecting our heritage sitesA3 In pairs,discuss the advantages and disadvantages of
455、gaining UNESCO World Heritage status.Use the example below to help you and pay attention to the expressions in bold.A:Hmm,Ive never thought that there would be any downsides to gaining UNESCO World Heritage status.B:Well,I wasnt surprised.Just think about the Dresden case.As far as Im concerned,the
456、local government was definitely right to give up its UNESCO World Heritage status.Also,more than half of the local people agreed with the decision.A:I cant understand why they thought that a bridge was more important.B:At the end of the day,the town belongs to the local peoplethey are the ones who l
457、ive there.The bridge will make their lives much more convenient.I dont think its fair to ask them to make sacrifices for tourists who only spend a day or two there.A:Well,its true that tourism can have a negative effect on the local community.On the other hand,UNESCO World Heritage status also bring
458、s many benefits:the site will receive a lot of international attention,and this will be a source of pride for the local people.B:Agreed.They will definitely benefit from that.It will also affect the country as a whole in a positive way.For instance,it will encourage people to learn about their count
459、rys history.In short,there are upsides as well as downsides.A:Yes,its not a black-and-white issue.B Reading and writingB1 Read the article from a travel website about the Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and answer the questions below.The Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ar
460、e among the most extraordinary cultural remains to be found anywhere in the world.Most of the Ming tombs can be found in the north-west of Beijing in a place called Shisanling,which means“thirteen tombs”in Chinese.Thirteen emperors of the Ming Dynasty were buried here,along with their wives and othe
461、r members of the royal family.Of the 13 tombs,only Changling,Dingling and Zhaoling are open to the public.Along the Sacred Way,which leads to the tombs,you can see huge stone statues of 24 animals and 12 officials.At the upper end of the Sacred Way is Changling,the largest of the Ming tombs in Beiji
462、ng.Changling is considered by many as the best preserved of the 13 tombs.It is in the heart of Shisanling,with the other tombs placed on either side of it.Adding to the extraordinary beauty of Changling is the Lingen Palace,known for its simple design and painted ceiling.Many of the decorations are
463、made of a precious type of wood native to China,and the floor is covered with 78Unit 4B2 Write a short passage introducing a UNESCO heritage site.You can include information about its value and current state.You may research online or through books first._so-called“gold”bricks.The Qing Dynasty had 1
464、2 emperors,nine of whom were buried in the two groups of tombs in Hebei Province,not far from Beijing.It is apparent that the Qing tombs are influenced by the Ming tombs,especially in terms of architecture and the way they are placed among the surrounding mountains and valleys.One group of the Qing
465、tombs is called Dongling,in Zunhua,125 kilometres east of Beijing.The tombs,which were built over a period of 247 years,take up 80 square kilometres.Buried there were the remains of five emperors,their wives and other royal family members.The other group of the Qing tombs is called Xiling.It sits ab
466、out 100 kilometres to the west of Beijing,in Yixian.Xiling contains the tombs of four of the Qing emperors.Preserving the Ming and Qing tombs has been given serious attention in recent decades.Although a number of tombs have survived with little damage,all have suffered at least some harm from centu
467、ries of rain,war,fire and theft.As a result,the government has strengthened regulation to protect these historic sites.In addition,getting these historic sites recognized by the rest of the world is helpful in preserving and repairing them,as it stresses to everyone their great value and importance.
468、The Ming and Qing tombs have now been listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites,which will help bring the necessary attention and assistance for protecting them in the future.It has led to increased tourism as well,which is an important source of money,but also a potential source of damage to these frag
469、ile sites.1 What does the beauty of the Lingen Palace lie in?2 Why does the author think that the tombs are important?Title:_79Protecting our heritage sitesAppreciating language The view was simply enchanting.Immediately in front,on the north side of the valley,was a great cliff rising 2,000 feet st
470、raight up.On all sides were rocky cliffs.Beyond them cloud-capped mountains rose thousands of feet above us.Without the slightest expectation of finding anything more interesting than the small ruins which I already spotted,I climbed further up the ridge and around a slight promontory.Hardly had we
471、rounded it when the character of the stonework began to improve.A flight of beautifully constructed terraces,each 200 yards long and 10 feet high,had then recently been rescued from the jungle by the Indians.A forest of large trees had been cut down and burned over to make a clearing.Crossing these
472、terraces,I entered the untouched forest beyond,and suddenly found myself in a maze of beautiful stone houses!They were covered with trees and moss and the growth of centuries,but in the dense shadow,could be seen,here and there,walls of white stone blocks most carefully cut and perfectly fitted toge
473、ther.It did not take an expert to realize,from the sight of Machu Picchu on that rainy day in July 1911,that here were most extraordinary and interesting ruins.Although the ridge had been partly cleared by the Indians,so much of it was still underneath a thick jungle growthsome walls were actually s
474、upporting trees 10 and 12 inches in diameterthat it was impossible to determine just what would be found here.It was not until 1890 that the Peruvian government decided to construct a trail along the banks of the river through the grand canyon.This new road enabled us to learn that the Incas had onc
475、e lived here in the remote Andes.They had left stone witnesses of the magnificence and beauty of their ancient civilization,more interesting and extensive than any which have been found since the days of the Spanish conquest of Peru.(Adapted from Lost City of the Incas,by Hiram Bingham)In 1911,Hiram
476、 Bingham led an expedition to Peru and discovered the ruins of Machu Picchu.Read aloud the excerpt below about Binghams discovery.80Unit 4Unit 11 The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes,but in having new eyes.Marcel Proust(page 1)真正的发现之旅不在于寻找新的风景，而在于获得新的视野。马塞尔普鲁斯特 该句出自法国小
477、说家马塞尔普鲁斯特的追忆似水年华，意在强调旅行的真正意义在于开阔眼界，增长见闻，真正认识世界。2 It is also one of the most ethnically diverse nations in the world with distinct cultures.(page 2,lines 34)它也是世界上最具种族多样性的国家之一，有着丰富多样的文化。句中distinct意为“截然不同的，有区别的，不同种类的”，常与介词from搭配使用。如：country music is quite distinct from jazz.乡村音乐完全不同于爵士乐。3 To the east
478、of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains,which are home to high peaks and deep valleys carved by ice and water.(page 2,lines 68)太平洋海岸向东耸立着巍峨的落基山脉，这里有高耸的山峰和被冰川水流侵蚀而成的深谷。(1)落基山脉是北美洲科迪勒拉山系东部山脉，纵贯加拿大和美国西部，全长约4800 千米。落基山脉地质构造丰富，地貌种类多元化。加拿大落基山公园群凭借奇特的山脉自然景观已被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。(2)句中 carve 意为“侵蚀，冲
479、刷”；carve 还可表示“雕，刻”。如：The wood was carved into the shape of a small bird.木头被雕成了小鸟的形状。4 One truly unique scenic spot in Canada is the mighty Niagara Falls with water rushing over its edge in a splendid display of sights and sounds.(page 2,lines 1113)加拿大真正独一无二的一处景点是气势恢宏的尼亚加拉瀑布，水流从边缘倾泻而下，景色壮观，水声轰鸣。尼亚加拉瀑
480、布位于北美洲伊利湖和安大略湖间的尼亚加拉河上，是世界闻名的旅游胜地。尼亚加拉河的河水流经此地，突然垂直跌落 50 余米，巨大的水流冲下断崖，水势澎湃，声震如雷。Appendices81Text notes 5 Apart from its geographical diversity,Canadas many rural areas and urban centers reflect the diversity of its residents.(page 2,lines 1415)除了其地理环境的多样性，加拿大的许多农村地区和城市中心还体现了其居民的多样性。句中 apart from 意为“
481、除了外（还），此外”，相当于 in addition to；apart from 还可表示“除了外（都）”，相当于 except for。如：Apart from the occasional visits,Alan does nothing for his uncle.除了偶尔的探望，艾伦并没有为他的叔叔做些什么。6 Should you find yourself in one of these subcultures,languages,cuisine,architecture,art and music will define your encounter.(page 3,lines
482、2426)如果你发现自己置身于其中一种亚文化中，那么（它的）语言、饮食、建筑、艺术和音乐都会说明你邂逅的是何种文化。句中 should 置于句首，省略连词 if，构成倒装。如：Should anyone call(=If anyone should call),please tell them Ill be back soon.万一有人打电话来，请告诉他们我很快就回来。7 Finally,if you are looking for something off the beaten track,you may visit Cape Breton Island in the province o
483、f Nova Scotia,where you can dance to fiddle tunes and enjoy the cultures and traditions of Celtic settlers.(page 3,lines 3134)最后，如果你想独辟蹊径的话，可以去新斯科舍省的布雷顿角岛玩玩。在岛上，你可以随着小提琴的曲调翩翩起舞，感受凯尔特移民的文化和传统。句中 off the beaten track 意为“不落俗套，打破常规”；off the beaten track 还可表示“远离闹市，偏远”。如：Some small beaches can be found of
484、f the beaten track.在人迹罕至的地方可以找到一些小海滩。8 Given these cultural differences,it comes as no surprise that Canada has been celebrating Multiculturalism Day since 2002.(page 3,lines 3536)考虑到这些文化差异，加拿大自 2002 年起就一直在庆祝多元文化日也就不足为奇了。(1)句中 it comes as no surprise that.意为“不足为奇，毫不奇怪”，其中it 是形式主语，that 引导的从句充当真正的主语。如
485、：It comes as no surprise that he knows nothing about the festival.他对这个节日一无所知一点也不奇怪。(2)句中 given 意为“考虑到，鉴于”，用作介词，相当于 considering。如：Given his age,he has done a good job.考虑到他的年龄，他已经做得不错了。829 However,booming business is not always a bed of roses.(page 6)但是，蓬勃发展的商业并非总是十全十美。句中(not)a bed of roses 意为“（并非）轻松的
486、境况，（并非）令人愉快的情况”，也可以表述成(not)all roses。如：We knew that life was not likely to be a bed of roses back in England.我们知道回到英格兰以后的生活不可能是尽善尽美的。10 More nature-centred tourist attractions,where man and nature live in harmony,can be greatly impacted or even destroyed by the flood of tourists.(page 6)更多以自然风光为主、人与
487、自然和睦相处的旅游景点，会因为大量游客涌入而受到巨大影响甚至遭到破坏。句中 harmony 意为“融洽，和睦”。短语 live in harmony(with.)表示“（与）和睦相处”。如：We need to live in harmony with our environment.我们需要与我们的环境和睦相处。11 In summary,being a sustainable tourist comes down to respect for nature,culture and people.(page 7)总而言之，做一名践行可持续旅游理念的游客归根结底就是要心怀尊重对自然、文化和人的
488、尊重。句中 come down to 意为“可归结为，可归纳为”。如：Their disagreement comes down to money.他们的争论归结起来就是钱的问题。12 Make your way to the main hall and admire the 8.8-metre-high statue of the Buddha.(page 9)前往主殿，瞻礼 8.8 米高的佛像。句中 make ones way to.意为“前往，到地方去”。如：Will you be able to make your own way to the station?你能自己去车站吗？13
489、Appreciate amazing antiques,including Ming vases and Qing furniture.(page 9)欣赏令人惊奇的古董，包括明代花瓶和清代家具。句中 furniture 意为“家具”，为不可数名词。“一件家具”可以表达为 a piece of furniture。如：We need to buy some new office furniture.我们需要买一些新的办公室家具。8314 It wasnt long before we were surrounded by enormous sand dunes towering above u
490、s on all sides.(page 11,lines 89)很快我们就被四周高耸的巨大沙丘包围住。(1)句中 it wasnt long before.为常用句型，意为“不久就”。it wont be long before.意为“很快就会”。如：It wont be long before she is able to drive.很快她就能开车。(2)句中 tower above 意为“高于，超过”；tower above 还可表示“（在能力、品质等方面）胜过”。如：She towered above all other actresses of her generation.她远远
491、超过同时代的所有其他女演员。15 The wind was blowing grains of sand from the tops of the dunes,the sun was beating down hard and bright,and the sky was a deep shade of blue that I had never seen before.(page 11,lines 912)风吹动着沙丘顶上的沙粒，阳光猛烈而耀眼地照射着，天空是我以前从未见过的深蓝色。句中 beat down 意为“（阳光）强烈照射，曝晒”，后面可接介词 on。如：The sun beat d
492、own on his back.阳光火辣辣地照在他的背上。16 There were five similar huts,all lined up facing Mount Kilimanjaro,the highest mountain in Africa.(page 12,lines 3335)有五间类似的小屋，都排成一排，面向非洲的最高山脉乞力马扎罗山。(1)乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高山脉，享有“非洲屋脊”之称。乞力马扎罗山地处赤道附近，但其顶部终年积雪，形成“赤道雪山”奇观。乞力马扎罗国家公园于 1987年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。(2)句中 line up 意为“使站成一队，使
493、排列成一行”。如：He lined the books up on the shelf.他把书排列在架子上。17 I returned to the car and fetched more possessions.(page 12,line 43)我回到车上，又拿了些物品。句中 possession 意为“私人物品，个人财产”；possession 还可以用作不可数名词，意为“具有，拥有”。如：The house has been in the familys possession since the 1800s.这座房子自 19 世纪以来就一直归这个家族所有。84Unit 21 The p
494、ursuit of the ultimate truth of the universe is the final objective and destination of civilization.Liu Cixin(page 15)对宇宙终极真理的追求，是文明的最终目标和归宿。刘慈欣 该句出自中国科幻作家刘慈欣的小说朝闻道，意在说明对宇宙的探索才是人类文明的最高境界。2 Its strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back,but the unusual beds dont bother us any more
495、.(page 16,lines 810)试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。句中 bother 意为“使（某人）烦恼（或担忧），给（某人）造成麻烦”。如：I didnt want to bother her with my financial problems.我不想让她为我的经济问题操心。3 The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding,but they can also be extremely rewarding.(page 16,lines 1112)占用了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要
496、求很高，但是也会非常有意义。句中 occupy 意为“占用（空间、面积、时间等）”；occupy 还可表示“使忙于，忙着”。如：He occupied himself with business matters,so we didnt want to bother him.他忙于生意方面的事情，所以我们不想打扰他。4 We need to evaluate the effects of low gravity on animals and plants.(page 16,lines 1213)我们需要评估低重力对动物和植物的影响。句中 evaluate 意为“评估，评价”。如：We need
497、to evaluate how well the training is working.我们需要对本次培训产生的效果作出评价。5 In the circumstances,its time for a spacewalk.(page 17,line 24)在这种情况下，是时候来场太空行走了。句中 in the circumstances 意为“在这种情况下，既然如此”，也可以表述成 under the circumstances。如：Under the circumstances,it seems better not to tell him the truth.在这种情况下，不告诉他实情似
498、乎更好。6 Splendid as the view of the Earth is,spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.(page 17,lines 2728)虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。85 句中 splendid as the view of the Earth is 是 as 引导的让步状语从句，相当于 though the view of the Earth is splendid。as 在引导让步状语从句时，意为“虽然，尽管”，通常将形容词、副词、名词或动词等置于句首。如：St
499、rong as you may be,you cannot lift the box.尽管你可能力气大，你还是提不起来这个盒子。7 Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts health.(page 17,line 39)花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。句中 of vital importance 意为“至关重要”。常用结构“of+抽象名词”，可表示“具有特征或属性”。如：Taking plenty of exercise can be of great benefit to us.多锻炼身
500、体会对我们有极大的益处。8 Did you know that in just five months,astronauts could lose a significant amount of muscle and bone mass?(page 17,lines 3941)你知道仅仅在五个月里宇航员就可能失去相当多的肌肉量和骨量吗？句中 mass 意为“质量”，muscle mass 和 bone mass 均为专业术语，分别指肌肉量和骨量。短语 a mass of 或 masses of 意为“大量，许多”。如：On his desk are masses of newly publis
501、hed books.他桌上堆满了新出版的书籍。9 During our leisure time,theres nothing we like more than to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go by,taking pictures for our family and friends back home.(page 17,lines 4547)在空闲时间，我们最喜欢做的事就是和其他工作人员一起舒服地坐下来，看着我们非凡的星球从身边经过，拍点照片给地球上的家人和朋友看。(1)句中
502、theres nothing we like more than.意为“我们最喜欢的是”。类似的结构还有 theres nothing I like less than.，意为“我最不喜欢的是”。如：There is nothing I like less than lying.我最不喜欢的就是撒谎。(2)句中 leisure 意为“闲暇，空闲”。如：Listening to music is her favourite leisure interest.听音乐是她最喜欢的业余爱好。10 Hubble observations have played a crucial role in the
503、 discovery of the mysterious dark energy.(page 20)哈勃（太空望远镜）的观测在发现神秘的暗能量方面发挥了至关重要的作用。86 句中 crucial 意为“至关重要的，关键性的”，近义词有 critical、essential、vital 等。常用句型 it is crucial that.意为“至关重要的是”。如：It is crucial that the problem should be tackled immediately.关键是应该马上处理这个问题。11 One example is the innovative FAST,which
504、 is the largest single-dish radio telescope in the world.(page 20)一个例子就是创新性的 500 米口径球面射电望远镜，它是世界上最大的单口径射电望远镜。FAST 是建于贵州省喀斯特洼地中的 500 米口径球面射电望远镜，被誉为“中国天眼”。这项国家重大科技基础设施建设项目历时 22 年。2016 年 9 月 25 日，FAST落成启用。这是世界上最大的单口径射电望远镜，具有我国自主知识产权。12 How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our
505、 imagination.(page 20)我们将从这些望远镜中学习到多少，这仅仅受限于我们的想象力。句中 merely 意为“仅仅，只不过”，与 only 互为近义词。如：She said nothing and merely smiled at me.她什么也没说，只是朝我微笑。13 The Chinese Lunar Exploration Program is also known as the Change Program.(page 21)中国探月工程，也称“嫦娥工程”。从 2004 年起，中国开始实施月球探测工程。该工程规划为“绕、落、回”三期。截至2020 年，我国已成功发射空
506、间探测器“嫦娥一号”“嫦娥二号”“嫦娥三号”“嫦娥四号”和“嫦娥五号”，圆满完成“绕、落、回”三步走的规划。14 We long to visit thick and wild forests,climb vast mountain ranges,and cross deep oceans.(page 25,lines 1011)我们渴望探索茂密的原始森林，攀登广袤的山脉，越过深邃的海洋。句中 long 用作动词，意为“渴望”，常用结构有 long to do sth、long for sth。如：Lucy has always longed for a new car.露西一直渴望有辆新车。
507、15 Shock absorbers originally applied to the space shuttle launch have also been set up in the cities with a high frequency of earthquakes in order to protect buildings and save lives.(page 26,lines 2830)最初应用到航天飞机发射中的减震器也已安装在地震频发的城市里，以便保护建筑和挽救生命。87 句中 frequency 意为“发生率，出现率”。其形容词形式为 frequent，意为“频繁的”；副
508、词形式为 frequently，意为“频繁地，经常”。如：This is the most frequently asked question in the interview.这是采访中最常问到的问题。16 Jobs in the space industry go far beyond the astronauts that receive widespread media coverage.(page 26,lines 4142)航空业中的职业远不只是受到媒体广泛报道的宇航员。(1)句中 go far beyond 意为“远超出”。如：Now the textbook goes far
509、beyond words and pictures.现在，教科书远远不只有文字和图片。(2)句中 coverage 意为“新闻报道”。其动词形式为 cover，意为“报道”。如：Simon was sent to cover the Winter Olympics.西蒙被派去报道冬奥会。Unit 31 Looking into a mirror,we can see true images of our own;with our knowledge of the past,the present can be better known.Chen Shou(page 29)明镜所以照形，古事所以
510、知今。陈寿 该句出自三国及西晋时期史学家陈寿的三国志吴书吴主五子传，表明研究历史是为了洞察当今的形势。2“It is clear,”he said,“that there is only one way to convince you.We must conduct an experiment.”(page 29)他说：“显然，只有一种方法可以令你们信服。我们必须做个实验。”句中 convince 意为“使确信，使相信”；convince 还可表示“说服，劝说”。如：Weve been trying to convince her to stay at home.我们一直设法劝她留在家里。3
511、Between 1405 and 1433,on behalf of the Ming Dynasty,Zheng He made a total of seven voyages.(page 30,lines 78)1405 年到 1433 年期间，郑和代表明朝总共进行了七次航行。(1)句中 on behalf of sb 意为“代表某人”，也可以表述成 on ones behalf。如：Mr Jones cannot be here,so his wife will accept the prize on his behalf.琼斯先生无法到场，因此他夫人会代他领奖。(2)句中 a tot
512、al of 意为“总共”，后面常接由数词修饰的名词。如：88The school has a total of 1,776 pupils.这所学校总计有 1776 名小学生。4 For many years,some historians dismissed the records of these voyages as legends.(page 30,line 18)多年来，一些历史学家把这些航海记录当作传说而不予理会。句中 dismiss 意为“不予考虑，摒弃”。短语 dismiss sth as.意为“把某事当成不予考虑”。如：We can safely dismiss what he
513、 said as a joke.我们大可以把他的话当作笑话而不予理会。5 Zheng Hes accomplishments are now widely acknowledged,and he is remembered as one of Chinas most influential explorers.(page 30,lines 2021)郑和的成就现在受到广泛认可，他也作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记。句中 acknowledge 意为“承认”，既可表示承认某事属实，也可表示承认某种权威或地位。短语 acknowledge sb/sth as.意为“承认某人或某物是”。如：
514、He is widely acknowledged as one of the worlds greatest architects.他被公认为世界上最伟大的建筑师之一。6 Regardless of all the challenges,Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean.(page 31,lines 1112)不顾所有挑战，哥伦布设法凭借自己的知识和勇敢确保每个人都平安越过海洋。句中 regardless of 意为“不管，不顾”。如：
515、The club admits new members regardless of age.俱乐部接纳新成员时不分年龄。7 This period also allowed for an international exchange of ideas and cultures.(page 31,lines 2223)这一时期也实现了思想和文化的国际交流。句中 allow for 意为“使成为可能”；allow for 还可表示“考虑到，把计算在内”。如：It will take about two hours to get there,allowing for traffic jams.考虑到
516、交通堵塞，到那里大约需要两个小时。8 The records show that the visitors were astonished by how rich and technologically advanced the Ming Dynasty was.(page 33)记录表明，来访者对明朝如此富有和技术上如此先进感到很震惊。句中 astonish 意为“使十分惊讶，使大为惊奇”。如：89It astonished us that he could be so careless.他会如此粗心大意，令我们大吃一惊。9 After his father died,Sima Qian s
517、ucceeded his father as Grand Historian,which facilitated his access to official books and files.(page 34)父亲去世后，司马迁接替了他父亲任太史令，这便于他参阅官方书籍和档案。(1)句中 succeed 意为“接替，继任”，常用结构有 succeed sb as sth。如：David is almost certain to succeed him as chairman.戴维几乎确定要接替他担任主席。(2)句中 facilitate 意为“使便利，促进，促使”。如：Effective ti
518、me management facilitates learning.有效的时间管理有利于学习。10 However,his work proved difficult,because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts.(page 34)但是，他的工作其实很艰难，因为整理所有可利用的资源并核查史料的事实需要付出艰辛的努力。(1)句中 sort out 意为“理顺，整理”。如：The bookshelf ne
519、eds sorting out.书架需要整理一下。(2)句中 available 意为“可获得的，可购得的，可找到的”；available 还可表示“有空的”。如：Will the dentist be available this morning?今天上午牙医有空吗？11 Contrary to popular history books,most academic books tend to adopt a more analytical and serious approach to studying history.(page 37)与通俗历史读物相反，大多数学术著作往往采用更具分析性
520、、更严肃的方式研究历史。句中 contrary 意为“相反的，相对立的”。短语 contrary to.意为“与相反”。如：contrary to popular belief,the desert can be a beautiful place.与普遍观念相反，沙漠可以是一个美丽的地方。12 His wife Elsa said,“When he opened up later on,he always mentioned the horror of it.”(page 40,lines 2627)他的妻子埃尔莎说：“后来当他敞开了心扉，总是提起那件事有多恐怖。”句中 open up 意为
521、“直抒胸臆，畅所欲言”。如：When he knew he could trust me,he began to open up.当他知道自己可以信任我时，便开始畅所欲言起来。9013 Today,the USS Arizona lies where it sank:in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.(page 40,line 42)今天，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还在当年沉没的地方：在太平洋中央。句中 where 引导地点状语从句，the USS Arizona 为主语，谓语动词 lies 为不及物动词。如：please sit where I can se
522、e you.请坐在我能看得见你的地方。Unit 41 A concerted effort to preserve our heritage is a vital link to our cultural,educational,aesthetic,inspirational,and economic legacies.Steve Berry(page 43)同心协力保护遗产对于我们的文化、教育、美学、精神和经济遗产而言，是至关重要的一环。史蒂夫贝里 该句出自美国作家史蒂夫贝里的文章为什么保存历史很重要（“Why Preserving History Matters”），意在说明保护遗产的重要
523、性。2 If so,you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind.(page 44,lines 34)如果是这样，你们也许已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在竭力保护对人类具有文化和自然重要性的遗址。UNESCO（United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization 的缩写）是联合国教育、科学及文化组织，简称联合国教科文组织。该组织于 19
524、45 年正式成立，是联合国下属的专门机构之一。该组织的宗旨是推动各国在教育、科学和文化方面开展国际合作，以利于各国人民之间的相互了解，维护世界和平。中国是联合国教科文组织的创始国之一。3 The long-term natural forces,such as wind,water and temperature,can gradually wear down heritage sites.(page 44,lines 912)诸如风、水和气温等长期存在的自然力会逐渐侵蚀遗产地。句中 wear down 意为“使磨损，使逐渐磨平”，还可以用作不及物动词短语。如：My shoes have wo
525、rn down because I have to walk a long distance to school each day.我的鞋已经磨坏了，因为我每天必须走很远的路去上学。4 Natural disasters,the sudden and powerful natural forces,can lead to the destruction of heritage sites:in 2003,a terrible earthquake shook south-eastern Iran and ruined large parts of the city of Bam,an incr
526、edible UNESCO cultural heritage site.(page 44,lines 1318)91 自然灾害这种突发而强大的自然力会破坏遗产地：2003 年，一场可怕的地震袭击了伊朗东南部，摧毁了巴姆古城的大部分地区。该古城是一处令人叹为观止的联合国教科文组织文化遗产地。(1)句中 ruin 意为“破坏，毁坏”。如：The thunderstorm ruined our trip.雷雨毁了我们的旅行。(2)句中 incredible 意为“极好的，极大的”；incredible 还可表示“难以置信的”，相当于 unbelievable。如：It is incredible
527、how much Jack has changed since he graduated.杰克毕业以后变化之大简直令人难以置信。5 Millions of tourists travel to UNESCO World Heritage Sites every year,so it is only natural that the sites suffer a bit of wear and tear.(page 45,lines 2527)每年有大量游客到联合国教科文组织世界遗产地旅游，所以这些遗产地遭受些损坏是很自然的。句中wear and tear是名词短语，意为“磨损，损坏”，一般指正
528、常使用所造成的损坏。如：The machine should last for ten years allowing for normal wear and tear.考虑到正常磨损，这台机器应该可以使用十年。6 Heritage protection is at the top of the agenda for the benefit of all mankind.(page 45,line 47)为了全人类的利益，遗产保护是当务之急。句中 agenda 意为“计划，方案”。短语 at the top of the agenda 意为“当务之急”。如：For the government,
529、health care is now at the top of the agenda.对政府来说，医疗服务现在是当务之急。7 If your heart breaks like mine at the thought of our irreplaceable heritage being lost forever,please take action.(page 45,lines 5253)如果你们像我一样，一想到我们无可取代的遗产会永远消失就觉得心碎，那么就请采取行动吧。句中 at the thought of 意为“一想到”。如：I feel very excited at the th
530、ought of the coming holiday.一想到即将到来的假期，我就感到很兴奋。8 There are divisions among historians over when exactly the construction of the twin temples started,but no one can deny the fact that they were constructed in the 13th century BCE.(page 48)历史学家就这两座神庙具体始建于何时存在着分歧，但没有人能否认这一事实，它们建于公元前 13 世纪。92(1)句中 that
531、引导同位语从句，解释说明前面所修饰名词 fact 的内容。如：Due to the fact that smoking does harm to health,we should say no to smoking.由于吸烟有害健康这一事实，我们应该对吸烟说不。(2)句中 division 意为“分歧，不和”；division 还可表示“分隔，分配”。如：We should pay attention to the fair division of time.我们应关注时间的合理分配。9 There was no guarantee that it would work,since no on
532、e had attempted anything similar before.(page 48)不能保证这个方法会奏效，因为此前没有人进行过类似的尝试。句中 there was no guarantee that.意为“不能保证”，that 引导同位语从句。如：There is no guarantee that we will succeed.不能保证我们会成功。10 Covering vast distances and an astonishing variety of landscapes,the Silk Road was a network of ancient trade ro
533、utes that extended from East Asia all the way to the Mediterranean.(page 53,lines 13)丝绸之路跨越遥远的距离，覆盖各种景观，令人惊叹，是从东亚一路延伸至地中海地区的古代贸易路网。丝绸之路是西汉时由张骞出使西域开辟的陆上通道。它以长安为起点，经甘肃、新疆，到中亚、西亚，并连接地中海各国。中国、哈萨克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦三国联合申报世界文化遗产。“丝绸之路：长安天山廊道的路网”于 2014 年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。11 The three countries jointly pursued an app
534、lication for UNESCO World Heritage status.(page 53,lines 67)这三个国家联合致力于申报联合国教科文组织世界遗产。句中 pursue 意为“追求，致力于，执行”；pursue 还可表示“追逐，追赶”。如：The police pursued the car on the motorway.警察在高速公路上追赶那辆汽车。12 They submitted the proposal which contained detailed research on the 33 sites along the corridor.(page 53,lin
535、es 78)它们递交了提案，其中包括对廊道沿线 33 处遗址的详细研究。句中 submit 意为“提交，呈递（文件、建议等）”，常用结构有 submit sth to sb/sth；submit 还可表示“顺从，屈服”，常用结构有 submit(oneself)to sb/sth。如：The hero didnt submit to the enemy.这位英雄没有向敌人屈服。9313 Following Zhangs efforts,trade routes took shape and relationships were strengthened between the major po
536、wers of the time,with the routes network reaching as far as the Roman Empire.(pages 5354,lines 2225)在张骞的努力下，贸易路线成形了。随着路网一直延伸至罗马帝国，当时主要强国间的关系也得以加强。句中 take shape 意为“成形，有了模样”。如：A story began to take shape in the writers mind.一个故事开始在作者脑中成形。14 All of these activities contributed to a great age of expansi
537、on as trade and cultural exchanges gave people access to new goods,knowledge and ideas.(page 54,lines 4142)所有这些活动都催生了一个发展的大时代，因为贸易往来和文化交流使人们接触到了新商品、新知识和新观念。句中 expansion 意为“扩张，扩大”。如：The company has abandoned plans for further expansion in the south.这家公司已经放弃了在南方进一步扩张的计划。9495Grammar notes Unit 1非限制性定语从
538、句1 非限制性定语从句对先行项进行补充说明，通常用逗号与主句隔开，由关系代词which、who、whom、whose 或关系副词 when、where 等引导。如：I live in Nanjing,which is a big city.I like my English teacher,who speaks good English.I visit my grandparents at the weekend,when I do not go to school.2 which 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行项可以是某个单词或短语，也可以是整个主句或主句的一部分。如：He missed th
539、e show,which was a pity.Jack told me he would join the poetry club,which surprised me greatly.3 在非限制性定语从句中，whom、which 前面可以加 some/many/all of 等修饰词，表示整体中的部分或所有。如：Many people,some of whom are not overweight,are going on a diet.I have been to many big cities,all of which have left a deep impression on m
540、e.4 as 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行项可以是整个主句或主句的一部分。as 引导的从句可以置于主句前、主句中或主句后。如：As is known to all,the Moon travels around the Earth.Unit 2主语从句1 主语从句在句子中作主语，可以由 that 引导，that 在从句中不充当成分。如：That he will succeed is certain.2 主语从句也可以由 whether、who、what、when、where、why、how 等词引导。如：Whether we will attend the lecture has not be
541、en decided yet.What I need is a good nights sleep.When people can land on Mars is not known.3 主语从句也可以由 whoever、whatever 等词引导。如：Whoever comes first will get a free book.Whatever you say sounds reasonable.964 主语从句可以用形式主语 it 代替，真正的主语置于句末，使句子更平衡。如：It is obvious that Tom looks happy today.It is reported
542、that the experiment was a success.It has not been announced when the meeting room will be available.Unit 3表语从句1 表语从句在句子中作表语，可以由 that 引导，that 在从句中不充当成分。如：The truth is that they are fully prepared for the trip.2 表语从句也可以由 whether、who、what、when、where、why、how 等词引导。如：My doubt is whether we can get there o
543、n time.The question is who is responsible for the accident.Thats not what I wanted.The problem is how we can raise enough money for the project.3 表语从句也可以由 as if/as though 引导。如：It looks as if theres a storm coming.Unit 4同位语从句1 同位语从句通常跟在名词后面，解释说明名词的内容。如：I have the impression that people there are alwa
544、ys on the go.2 常接同位语从句的名词有 belief、possibility、hope、idea 等。如：Many people hold the belief that there are aliens somewhere in the universe.Is there any possibility that the ruined temple can be restored?3 同位语从句通常由 that 引导，that 在从句中不充当成分。如：The news that we have won the race is encouraging.4 同位语从句也可以由 wh
545、y、how、what、whether 等词引导。如：Do you have any idea why all this happened?I have no idea how this problem can be solved.Unit 1*blooming/blum/adj.盛开的，开花的(2)unfold/nfld/vi.&vt.开花；展开，打开；展示，展现(2)*ethnically/enkli/adv.种族地(2)distinct/dstkt/adj.截然不同的，有区别的，不同种类的；清楚的，清晰的(2)territory/tertri/n.（加拿大）地区；领土，领地；领域(2)va
546、lley/vli/n.山谷，溪谷(2)carve/kv/vt.侵蚀，冲刷；雕，刻(2)*glacier/lsi(r)/n.冰川(2)mighty/mati/adj.巨大的，非凡的；强而有力的(2)splendid/splendd/adj.壮丽的，雄伟的；极佳的，非常好的(2)apart from 除了外（还），此外；除了外（都），要不是(2)urban/bn/adj.城市的，城镇的(2)ancestor/nsest(r)/n.祖宗，祖先；原种(2)*indigenous/nddns/adj.本地的，土生土长的(2)strait/stret/n.海峡，水道(2)minority/manrti/n
547、.少数民族，少数群体；少数，少数人(3)cuisine/kwzin/n.烹饪，风味；饭菜，菜肴(3)dynamic/danmk/adj.（事物）有活力的；动态的，发展变化的；充满活力的(3)sample/smpl/vt.尝，品尝，体验；抽样检验 n.样本，样品；取样(3)off the beaten track 不落俗套，打破常规；远离闹市，偏远(3)*fiddle/fdl/n.小提琴(3)*Celtic/keltk/adj.凯尔特人的，凯尔特语的(3)come as no surprise 不足为奇，毫不奇怪(3)depth/dep/n.最深处；深（度）；深刻；深厚(3)suburb/sbb
548、/n.郊区，城外(5)botanical/btnkl/adj.植物学的(5)*Clovis/klvs/adj.克洛维斯的(5)blanket/blkt/n.厚层；毛毯(5)*hockey/hki/n.冰球运动，冰上曲棍球；曲棍球(5)niece/nis/n.侄女，外甥女(5)welfare/welfe(r)/n.幸福，福祉；福利(6)accommodation/kmden/n.住处(6)surrounding/srand/adj.周围的，附近的(6)harmony/hmni/n.融洽，和睦；和谐(6)sustain/ssten/vt.使保持，使稳定持续；维持(6)manner/mn(r)/n.
549、方式，方法；举止；(manners)礼貌(7)说明：本表收录各单元阅读文章和语篇练习中所包含的生词和短语，不收录指示语和讲解文字中所包含的生词和短语。带*的词条为普通高中英语课程标准(2017 年版 2020 年修订)规定之外的词汇。97Wordlist 1(by unit)consumption/knsmpn/n.消耗，消耗量；消费(7)church/tt/n.教堂；礼拜(7)come down to 可归结为，可归纳为(7)*code/kd/n.行为规范，道德准则；法规，法典；密码(7)dress code 着装规定(7)item/atm/n.一件商品（或物品）；项目(7)elegant/
550、elnt/adj.漂亮雅致的，精美的；优美的，文雅的(9)make ones way to 去，前往(9)statue/sttu/n.雕像，雕塑(9)*souvenir/suvn(r)/n.纪念物，纪念品(9)antique/ntik/n.文物，古董 adj.古老的，古董的(9)vase/vz/n.花瓶，装饰瓶(9)furniture/fnt(r)/n.家具(9)*dune/djun/n.沙丘(11)goat/t/n.山羊(11)*fragile/frdal/adj.脆弱的；易碎的(11)resolution/rezlun/n.决心，决定；决议；解决(11)grain/ren/n.细粒，颗粒；
551、谷物(11)beat down（阳光）强烈照射，曝晒(11)contrast/kntrst/vi.形成对比 vt.对比，对照 /kntrst/n.差异，差别；对照物(11)ray/re/n.光线，射线(11)camel/kml/n.骆驼(11)chew/tu/vi.&vt.咀嚼，嚼碎；咬住(11)starve/stv/vi.&vt.（使）饿死，（使）挨饿(11)barbecue/bbkju/n.烤架；户外烧烤(11)departure/dpt(r)/n.离开，起程(12)mud/md/n.泥，淤泥(12)border/bd(r)/n.国界，边界 vi.&vt.（与）接壤(12)parking/
552、pk/n.停车；停车位(12)*hut/ht/n.（简陋的）小屋，棚屋(12)brick/brk/n.砖块；积木(12)*dot/dt/vt.遍布；使布满，点缀；加点 n.点(12)*flap/flp/vi.&vt.拍打，摆动；振（翅）(12)ham/hm/n.火腿，火腿肉(12)sausage/ssd/n.香肠，腊肠(12)bunch/bnt/n.串，束；大量(12)fetch/fet/vt.（去）拿来，（去）请来(12)possession/pzen/n.私人物品，个人财产；具有，拥有(12)intently/ntentli/adv.热切地，专注地(12)hike/hak/n.远足，徒步旅
553、行 vi.&vt.去远足，做徒步旅行(13)awesome/sm/adj.令人惊叹的，使人惊惧的；很好的(13)liquid/lkwd/adj.液体的，液态的 n.液体(13)*Arctic/ktk/adj.北极的 n.(the Arctic)北极，北极地区(13)fox/fks/n.狐狸；狡猾的人(13)polar/pl(r)/adj.极地的；完全相反的(13)delicacy/delksi/n.佳肴；谨慎；敏感(13)lamb/lm/n.羊羔肉；羔羊(13)Unit 2 astronaut/strnt/n.宇航员，航天员(16)gravity/rvti/n.重力；严重性；严肃(16)abs
554、ence/bsns/n.缺乏，不存在；缺席(16)*float/flt/vi.飘动，漂流；浮 vt.使浮动，使漂流(16)cupboard/kbd/n.壁橱；橱柜，衣柜(16)98 ceiling/sil/n.天花板；上限(16)bother/b(r)/vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力（做某事）；打扰 vi.花费时间精力（做某事）n.麻烦，困难(16)occupy/kjupa/vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于(16)mission/mn/n.任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务(16)evaluate/vljuet/vt.评估，估计，评价(16)creature/krit(r)
555、/n.动物，生物；人(16)mosquito/mskit/n.(pl.mosquitoes or mosquitos)蚊子(16)microscope/makrskp/n.显微镜(16)cast new light on 使进一步了解(16)maintenance/mentnns/n.维护，保养；维持，保持(16)circumstance/skmstns/n.条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，（尤指）经济 状况(17)in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此(17)exposure/ksp(r)/n.面临，遭受；揭露；报道(17)radiation/red
556、ien/n.辐射，放射线(17)visible/vzbl/adj.看得见的；明显的(17)in view of 鉴于，考虑到(17)luxury/lkri/n.不常有的乐趣（或享受）；奢侈品(17)tube/tjub/n.管，管子；软管(17)furthermore/fm(r)/adv.此外，再者(17)pill/pl/n.药丸，药片(17)vital/vatl/adj.必不可少的，对极重要的；维持生命所必需的(17)discipline/dspln/vt.严格要求（自己）；惩罚；训练 n.训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力(17)leisure/le(r)/n.闲暇，空闲(17)crew/kru/
557、n.全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队(17)permanent/pmnnt/adj.永久的，永恒的(19)altogether/lte(r)/adv.完全；总共；总之(19)kit/kt/n.成套设备，成套工具；配套元件(19)telescope/telskp/n.望远镜(20)universe/junvs/n.(the universe)宇宙，天地万物(20)crucial/krul/adj.至关重要的，关键性的(20)orbit/bt/vt.&vi.围绕运动，沿轨道运行 n.（天体等运行的）轨道(20)astronomer/strnm(r)/n.天文学家(20)merely/
558、mli/adv.仅仅，只不过(20)administration/dmnstren/n.行政部门；管理，行政(21)agency/ednsi/n.机构；代理处(21)comprise/kmpraz/vt.包括，包含；组成，构成(21)*scan/skn/vt.&vi.扫描；细看；浏览 n.扫描检查；快速查阅(21)plain to see 显而易见的(21)foundation/fanden/n.基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会(21)lay the foundation for 为打下基础(21)purse/ps/n.资金，财源；钱包(25)tale/tel/n.故事；讲述，叙述(25)ori
559、gin/rdn/n.起源，起因；出身(25)*shuttle/tl/n.航天飞机；来往于两地之间的航班（或班车、火车）vi.频繁往来（于两地之间）(26)frequency/frikwnsi/n.发生率，出现率；99频繁；频率(26)hydrogen/hadrdn/n.氢，氢气(26)rocket/rkt/n.火箭；火箭武器(26)motive/mtv/n.原因，动机，目的(26)investment/nvestmnt/n.投资；投入(26)calculate/klkjulet/vt.计算，核算；预测(26)coverage/kvrd/n.新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围(26)mechanic/
560、mknk/n.机械师，技工(26)assistant/sstnt/n.助理；售货员；助教 adj.助理的，副的(26)incredibly/nkredbli/adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信(26)dust/dst/n.沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃(27)shelter/elt(r)/n.居所，住处；庇护 vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避(27)constant/knstnt/adj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的(27)nuclear/njukli(r)/adj.核能的，原子能的；核武器的(27)Unit 3 breadth/bred/n.宽度；广泛(29)convince/knvns/vt.使
561、确信，使相信；说服，劝说(29)*voyage/vd/n.航海，航行，航天 vi.航行，远行(30)*fleet/flit/n.舰队；捕鱼船队；车队(30)*navigate/nvet/vt.航行；导航 vi.导航(30)on behalf/bhf/of 代表（或代替）；为帮助；为了(30)load/ld/vt.&vi.装上，装入 n.负载；承载量；大量(30)*compass/kmps/n.罗盘，指南针；圆规(30)log/l/n.航海日志，正式记录；原木 vi.&vt.伐木(30)strengthen/strekn/vt.&vi.加强，增强(30)harmonious/hmnis/adj.
562、友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的(30)dismiss/dsms/vt.不予考虑，对不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散(30)proof/pruf/n.证据，证明(30)acknowledge/knld/vt.承认（权威、地位）；承认（属实）；（公开）感谢(30)influential/nfluenl/adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的(30)insist/nsst/vi.&vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说(31)route/rut/n.路线，路途；途径，渠道(31)financial/fannl/adj.财政的，金融的，财务的(31)depart/dpt/vi.&vt.离开，起程(31)shortage
563、/td/n.不足，短缺(31)leak/lik/vi.漏，渗漏；渗入 vt.漏，渗漏；泄露 n.漏洞(31)panic/pnk/n.惊恐，恐慌 vi.&vt.(panicked,panicked)（使）惊慌，（使）惊慌失措(31)regardless/rdls/adv.不顾，不加理会(31)regardless of 不管，不顾(31)shore/(r)/n.岸，滨(31)subsequent/sbskwnt/adj.随后的，后 来的(31)captain/kptn/n.船长，机长；上校；队长(31)allow for 使成为可能；考虑到，把计算 在内(31)100 kingdom/kdm/n
564、.王国；管辖范围(33)astonish/stn/vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊(33)royal/rl/adj.盛大的，庄严的；皇家的，王室的(33)*tomb/tum/n.坟墓(33)literary/ltrri/adj.文学的，文学上的；爱好文学的(34)extensively/kstensvli/adv.广阔地；广泛地(34)facilitate/fsltet/vt.使便利，促进(34)sort out 理顺，整理；把安排好(34)available/velbl/adj.可获得的，可找到的；有空的(34)prison/przn/n.监狱(34)minister/mnst(r)/n.大臣，部长
565、(35)exceptional/ksepnl/adj.杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的(35)phrase/frez/n.成语，习语；短语，词组(35)format/fmt/n.总体安排，设计；版式(35)shelf/elf/n.(pl.shelves/elvz/)（书架等的）架子，搁板(37)adopt/dpt/vt.采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi.领养，收养(37)comparison/kmprsn/n.对比；比较(37)pack/pk/vt.&vi.塞进，挤进；装（箱），收拾；打包；包装 n.包，包裹；小盒，小包(37)contrary/kntrri/adj.相反的，相对立的；截然
566、不同的(37)contrary to 与相反(37)*hell/hel/n.地狱；苦难的经历，悲惨的境况(39)aboard/bd/prep.&adv.在（车、船、飞机等）上，上（车、船、飞机等）(39)*rub/rb/vt.&vi.擦，磨，搓；（使）相互摩擦(39)washroom/wrum/n.洗手间，厕所(39)uniform/junfm/n.制服；队服 adj.一致的，统一的(39)violently/valntli/adv.猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地(39)eagle/il/n.雕(39)dive/dav/vi.俯冲；跳水；潜水 n.冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水(39)thu
567、nder/nd(r)/vi.轰隆隆地响；打雷 n.雷，雷声(39)freeze/friz/vi.&vt.(froze,frozen)突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵(39)*deck/dek/n.甲板，舱面(39)meanwhile/minwal/adv.同时；其间；对比之下(39)drag/dr/vt.拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动(39)chaos/kes/n.混乱，杂乱(39)navy/nevi/n.海军，海军部队(39)bleed/blid/vi.(bled,bled)失血，流血(40)hatch/ht/vt.密谋，策划；使孵出 vi.孵化；孵出(40)plot/plt/n.阴谋；故事情节 vi.
568、&vt.密谋(40)*infamy/nfmi/n.臭名昭著，声名狼藉；恶行，罪恶(40)sink/sk/vi.&vt.(sank,sunk)下沉，沉没；坐下；降低(40)memorial/mmril/n.纪念碑（或像等）；纪念物(40)pray/pre/vi.&vt.企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告(40)episode/epsd/n.一段经历，片段；一集(40)*textile/tekstal/n.纺织品；(textiles)纺 织业(41)reform/rfm/vt.改进，改良，改革 n.改革，改良(41)101 output/atpt/n.产量，输出量(41)cloth/kl/n.织物，布料(41
569、)shift/ft/n.改变，转移；轮班 vi.&vt.（使）移动，（使）转移；改变(41)cottage/ktd/n.小屋，村舍(41)cottage industry 家庭手工业(41)Unit 4*heritage/hertd/n.遗产(44)awe/vt.使惊叹，使敬畏 n.敬畏，惊叹(44)civilization/svlazen/(also civilisation)n.文明；社会文明；文明社会，文明世界(44)preserve/przv/vt.维护，保护，保存；维持(44)urgent/dnt/adj.紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急切的(44)wear down（使）磨损，（使）逐渐
570、磨平(44)*pyramid/prmd/n.金字塔(44)ruin/run/vt.破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭 n.毁坏，毁灭；破产；残垣断壁(44)incredible/nkredbl/adj.极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难以置信的(44)clay/kle/n.黏土，陶土(44)sculpture/sklpt(r)/n.雕像，雕塑品；雕刻术(45)missile/msal/n.导弹(45)violence/valns/n.暴力，暴行；狂热，激情(45)conflict/knflkt/n.（军事）冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致 /knflkt/vi.冲突，抵触(45)civil/svl/adj.国
571、民的；国家的；民事的(45)*status/stets/n.身份，地位；状况，情形(45)wear and tear（正常使用造成的）磨损，损耗(45)internal/ntnl/adj.内部的；国内的(45)outcome/atkm/n.结果，效果(45)*reef/rif/n.礁，礁脉(45)*coral/krl/n.珊瑚 adj.珊瑚色的(45)ecology/ikldi/n.生态，生态学(45)agenda/dend/n.计划，方案；议程表，议事日程(45)*pagoda/pd/n.佛塔(47)nail/nel/n.钉子；指甲 vt.固定(47)panel/pnl/n.专家咨询组，讨论
572、小组；嵌板；仪表盘(47)specialist/spelst/n.专家；专科医生 adj.专业的(47)assess/ses/vt.评估，评定；估算(47)collapse/klps/vi.倒塌，坍塌；昏倒 n.昏倒；倒塌(47)consultation/knslten/n.咨询，商讨；就诊(47)suspend/sspend/vt.暂停；悬，挂(47)division/dvn/n.分歧；分开，分隔(48)*dam/dm/n.水坝(48)architect/ktekt/n.建筑师；设计师(48)operator/pret(r)/n.操作人员，技工；接线员(48)incident/nsdnt/n
573、.事件；冲突(48)cooperation/kpren/n.合作，协作；协助，配合(48)forecast/fkst/vt.(forecast,forecast;forecasted,forecasted)预测，预报 n.预测，预报(48)interrupt/ntrpt/vt.打扰，插嘴；使暂停，使中断 102 vi.打扰，插嘴(49)conservation/knsven/n.保护；保持(49)motion/mn/n.提议，动议；运动；动作(49)vote/vt/vt.&vi.投票，表决 n.选票；投票(49)canal/knl/n.运河(49)*migration/maren/n.迁徙，迁
574、移，移居(50)*legacy/lesi/n.遗产(50)splendour/splend(r)/(AmE splendor)n.壮丽，雄伟(50)reserve/rzv/n.自然保护区；储备 vt.预订；预留；保留(50)basin/besn/n.盆地；洗脸盆；盆；流域(50)intense/ntens/adj.很大的，十分强烈的；有强烈感情的，热切的；激烈的(50)primitive/prmtv/adj.简陋的，落后的；原始的，远古的(50)humble/hmbl/vt.使感到谦卑，使感到自惭 adj.谦虚的，谦卑的(50)*corridor/krd(r)/n.走廊，地带；通道(53)pu
575、rsue/psju/vt.追求，致力于，执行；追逐(53)submit/sbmt/vt.&vi.提交，呈递；屈服(53)emerge/md/vi.出现；暴露；露头(53)assign/san/vt.指定，指派；分配；确定(53)take shape 成形，有了模样(54)string/str/n.一批，一连串，一系列；线；弦(54)wool/wl/n.毛织物；羊毛(54)cotton/ktn/n.棉织物；棉，棉花(54)cave/kev/n.山洞，洞穴(54)*Buddhist/bdst/adj.佛教的 n.佛教徒(54)expansion/kspnn/n.扩展，扩大，膨胀(54)initia
576、tive/ntv/n.倡议，新方案；主动性(54)milestone/malstn/n.重要阶段，里程碑(54)equator/kwet(r)/n.赤道(55)showcase/kes/n.展示的场合；玻璃 柜台(55)elsewhere/elswe(r)/adv.在（或去）别处(55)entry/entri/n.进入；参与，加入；参赛(55)fee/fi/n.费；报酬(55)ban/bn/vt.明令禁止，取缔；禁止做某事 n.禁令(55)103说明：本表收录各单元阅读文章和语篇练习中所包含的生词和短语，不收录指示语和讲解文字中所包含的生词和短语。带*的词条为普通高中英语课程标准(2017 年
577、版 2020 年修订)规定之外的词汇。A aboard/bd/prep.&adv.在（车、船、飞机等）上，上（车、船、飞机等）(39)absence/bsns/n.缺乏，不存在；缺席(16)accommodation/kmden/n.住处(6)acknowledge/knld/vt.承认（权威、地位）；承认（属实）；（公开）感谢(30)administration/dmnstren/n.行政部门；管理，行政(21)adopt/dpt/vt.采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi.领养，收养(37)agency/ednsi/n.机构；代理处(21)agenda/dend/n.计划，方案；议程表，
578、议事日程(45)allow for 使成为可能；考虑到，把计算 在内(31)altogether/lte(r)/adv.完全；总共；总之(19)ancestor/nsest(r)/n.祖宗，祖先；原种(2)antique/ntik/n.文物，古董 adj.古老的，古董的(9)apart from 除了外（还），此外；除了外（都），要不是(2)architect/ktekt/n.建筑师；设计师(48)*Arctic/ktk/adj.北极的 n.(the Arctic)北极，北极地区(13)assess/ses/vt.评估，评定；估算(47)assign/san/vt.指定，指派；分配；确定(53
579、)assistant/sstnt/n.助理；售货员；助教 adj.助理的，副的(26)astonish/stn/vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊(33)astronaut/strnt/n.宇航员，航天员(16)astronomer/strnm(r)/n.天文学家(20)available/velbl/adj.可获得的，可找到的；有空的(34)awe/vt.使惊叹，使敬畏 n.敬畏，惊叹(44)awesome/sm/adj.令人惊叹的，使人惊惧的；很好的(13)B ban/bn/vt.明令禁止，取缔；禁止做某事 n.禁令(55)barbecue/bbkju/n.烤架；户外烧烤(11)basin/besn
580、/n.盆地；洗脸盆；盆；流域(50)beat down（阳光）强烈照射，曝晒(11)blanket/blkt/n.厚层；毛毯(5)bleed/blid/vi.(bled,bled)失血，流血(40)*blooming/blum/adj.盛开的，开花的(2)104Wordlist 2(in alphabetical order)border/bd(r)/n.国界，边界 vi.&vt.（与）接壤(12)botanical/btnkl/adj.植物学的(5)bother/b(r)/vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力（做某事）；打扰 vi.花费时间精力（做某事）n.麻烦，困难(16)breadth/b
581、red/n.宽度；广泛(29)brick/brk/n.砖块；积木(12)*Buddhist/bdst/adj.佛教的 n.佛教徒(54)bunch/bnt/n.串，束；大量(12)C calculate/klkjulet/vt.计算，核算；预测(26)camel/kml/n.骆驼(11)canal/knl/n.运河(49)captain/kptn/n.船长，机长；上校；队长(31)carve/kv/vt.侵蚀，冲刷；雕，刻(2)cast new light on 使进一步了解(16)cave/kev/n.山洞，洞穴(54)ceiling/sil/n.天花板；上限(16)*Celtic/kelt
582、k/adj.凯尔特人的，凯尔特语的(3)chaos/kes/n.混乱，杂乱(39)chew/tu/vi.&vt.咀嚼，嚼碎；咬住(11)church/tt/n.教堂；礼拜(7)circumstance/skmstns/n.条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，（尤指）经济 状况(17)in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此(17)civil/svl/adj.国民的；国家的；民事的(45)civilization/svlazen/(also civilisation)n.文明；社会文明；文明社会，文明世界(44)clay/kle/n.黏土，陶土(44)clot
583、h/kl/n.织物，布料(41)*Clovis/klvs/adj.克洛维斯的(5)*code/kd/n.行为规范，道德准则；法规，法典；密码(7)dress code 着装规定(7)collapse/klps/vi.倒塌，坍塌；昏倒 n.昏倒；倒塌(47)come as no surprise 不足为奇，毫不奇怪(3)come down to 可归结为，可归纳为(7)comparison/kmprsn/n.对比；比较(37)*compass/kmps/n.罗盘，指南针；圆规(30)comprise/kmpraz/vt.包括，包含；组成，构成(21)conflict/knflkt/n.（军事）冲
584、突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致 /knflkt/vi.冲突，抵触(45)conservation/knsven/n.保护；保持(49)constant/knstnt/adj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的(27)consultation/knslten/n.咨询，商讨；就诊(47)consumption/knsmpn/n.消耗，消耗量；消费(7)contrary/kntrri/adj.相反的，相对立的；截然不同的(37)contrary to 与相反(37)contrast/kntrst/vi.形成对比 vt.对比，对照 /kntrst/n.差异，差别；对照物(11)convince/knv
585、ns/vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说(29)cooperation/kpren/n.合作，协作；协助，配合(48)*coral/krl/n.珊瑚 105 adj.珊瑚色的(45)*corridor/krd(r)/n.走廊，地带；通道(53)cottage/ktd/n.小屋，村舍(41)cottage industry 家庭手工业(41)cotton/ktn/n.棉织物；棉，棉花(54)coverage/kvrd/n.新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围(26)creature/krit(r)/n.动物，生物；人(16)crew/kru/n.全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队(17)cru
586、cial/krul/adj.至关重要的，关键性的(20)cuisine/kwzin/n.烹饪，风味；饭菜，菜肴(3)cupboard/kbd/n.壁橱；橱柜，衣柜(16)D*dam/dm/n.水坝(48)*deck/dek/n.甲板，舱面(39)delicacy/delksi/n.佳肴；谨慎；敏感(13)depart/dpt/vi.&vt.离开，起程(31)departure/dpt(r)/n.离开，起程(12)depth/dep/n.最深处；深（度）；深刻；深厚(3)discipline/dspln/vt.严格要求（自己）；惩罚；训练 n.训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力(17)dismiss/
587、dsms/vt.不予考虑，对不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散(30)distinct/dstkt/adj.截然不同的，有区别的，不同种类的；清楚的，清晰的(2)dive/dav/vi.俯冲；跳水；潜水 n.冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水(39)division/dvn/n.分歧；分开，分隔(48)*dot/dt/vt.遍布；使布满，点缀；加点 n.点(12)drag/dr/vt.拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动(39)*dune/djun/n.沙丘(11)dust/dst/n.沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃(27)dynamic/danmk/adj.（事物）有活力的；动态的，发展变化的；充满活力的(3)E eagl
588、e/il/n.雕(39)ecology/ikldi/n.生态，生态学(45)elegant/elnt/adj.漂亮雅致的，精美的；优美的，文雅的(9)elsewhere/elswe(r)/adv.在（或去）别处(55)emerge/md/vi.出现；暴露；露头(53)entry/entri/n.进入；参与，加入；参赛(55)episode/epsd/n.一段经历，片段；一集(40)equator/kwet(r)/n.赤道(55)*ethnically/enkli/adv.种族地(2)evaluate/vljuet/vt.评估，估计，评价(16)exceptional/ksepnl/adj.杰出
589、的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的(35)expansion/kspnn/n.扩展，扩大，膨胀(54)exposure/ksp(r)/n.面临，遭受；揭露；报道(17)extensively/kstensvli/adv.广阔地；广泛地(34)F facilitate/fsltet/vt.使便利，促进(34)fee/fi/n.费；报酬(55)fetch/fet/vt.（去）拿来，（去）请来(12)*fiddle/fdl/n.小提琴(3)financial/fannl/adj.财政的，金融的，财务的(31)*flap/flp/vi.&vt.拍打，摆动；振（翅）(12)106*fleet/flit/n.舰队
590、；捕鱼船队；车队(30)*float/flt/vi.飘动，漂流；浮 vt.使浮动，使漂流(16)forecast/fkst/vt.(forecast,forecast;forecasted,forecasted)预测，预报 n.预测，预报(48)format/fmt/n.总体安排，设计；版式(35)foundation/fanden/n.基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会(21)lay the foundation for 为打下基础(21)fox/fks/n.狐狸；狡猾的人(13)*fragile/frdal/adj.脆弱的；易碎的(11)freeze/friz/vi.&vt.(froze,fr
591、ozen)突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵(39)frequency/frikwnsi/n.发生率，出现率；频繁；频率(26)furniture/fnt(r)/n.家具(9)furthermore/fm(r)/adv.此外，再者(17)G*glacier/lsi(r)/n.冰川(2)goat/t/n.山羊(11)grain/ren/n.细粒，颗粒；谷物(11)gravity/rvti/n.重力；严重性；严肃(16)H ham/hm/n.火腿，火腿肉(12)harmonious/hmnis/adj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的(30)harmony/hmni/n.融洽，和睦；和谐(6)hatch/ht/
592、vt.密谋，策划；使孵出 vi.孵化；孵出(40)*hell/hel/n.地狱；苦难的经历，悲惨的境况(39)*heritage/hertd/n.遗产(44)hike/hak/n.远足，徒步旅行 vi.&vt.去远足，做徒步旅行(13)*hockey/hki/n.冰球运动，冰上曲棍球；曲棍球(5)humble/hmbl/vt.使感到谦卑，使感到自惭 adj.谦虚的，谦卑的(50)*hut/ht/n.（简陋的）小屋，棚屋(12)hydrogen/hadrdn/n.氢，氢气(26)I in view of 鉴于，考虑到(17)incident/nsdnt/n.事件；冲突(48)incredible
593、/nkredbl/adj.极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难以置信的(44)incredibly/nkredbli/adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信(26)*indigenous/nddns/adj.本地的，土生土长的(2)*infamy/nfmi/n.臭名昭著，声名狼藉；恶行，罪恶(40)influential/nfluenl/adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的(30)initiative/ntv/n.倡议，新方案；主动性(54)insist/nsst/vi.&vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说(31)intense/ntens/adj.很大的，十分强烈的；有强烈感情的，热切的；激烈的(50)int
594、ently/ntentli/adv.热切地，专注地(12)internal/ntnl/adj.内部的；国内的(45)interrupt/ntrpt/vt.打扰，插嘴；使暂停，使中断 vi.打扰，插嘴(49)investment/nvestmnt/n.投资；投入(26)107 item/atm/n.一件商品（或物品）；项目(7)K kingdom/kdm/n.王国；管辖范围(33)kit/kt/n.成套设备，成套工具；配套元件(19)L lamb/lm/n.羊羔肉；羔羊(13)leak/lik/vi.漏，渗漏；渗入 vt.漏，渗漏；泄露 n.漏洞(31)*legacy/lesi/n.遗产(50)
595、leisure/le(r)/n.闲暇，空闲(17)liquid/lkwd/adj.液体的，液态的 n.液体(13)literary/ltrri/adj.文学的，文学上的；爱好文学的(34)load/ld/vt.&vi.装上，装入 n.负载；承载量；大量(30)log/l/n.航海日志，正式记录；原木 vi.&vt.伐木(30)luxury/lkri/n.不常有的乐趣（或享受）；奢侈品(17)M maintenance/mentnns/n.维护，保养；维 持，保持(16)make ones way to 去，前往(9)manner/mn(r)/n.方式，方法；举止；(manners)礼貌(7)m
596、eanwhile/minwal/adv.同时；其间；对比之下(39)mechanic/mknk/n.机械师，技工(26)memorial/mmril/n.纪念碑（或像等）；纪念物(40)merely/mli/adv.仅仅，只不过(20)microscope/makrskp/n.显微镜(16)mighty/mati/adj.巨大的，非凡的；强而有力的(2)*migration/maren/n.迁徙，迁移，移居(50)milestone/malstn/n.重要阶段，里程碑(54)minister/mnst(r)/n.大臣，部长(35)minority/manrti/n.少数民族，少数群体；少数，少
597、数人(3)missile/msal/n.导弹(45)mission/mn/n.任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务(16)mosquito/mskit/n.(pl.mosquitoes or mosquitos)蚊子(16)motion/mn/n.提议，动议；运动；动作(49)motive/mtv/n.原因，动机，目的(26)mud/md/n.泥，淤泥(12)N nail/nel/n.钉子；指甲 vt.固定(47)*navigate/nvet/vt.航行；导航 vi.导航(30)navy/nevi/n.海军，海军部队(39)niece/nis/n.侄女，外甥女(5)nuclear/njuk
598、li(r)/adj.核能的，原子能的；核武器的(27)O occupy/kjupa/vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，108侵占；使忙于(16)off the beaten track 不落俗套，打破常规；远离闹市，偏远(3)on behalf/bhf/of 代表（或代替）；为帮助；为了(30)operator/pret(r)/n.操作人员，技工；接线员(48)orbit/bt/vt.&vi.围绕运动，沿轨道运行 n.（天体等运行的）轨道(20)origin/rdn/n.起源，起因；出身(25)outcome/atkm/n.结果，效果(45)output/atpt/n.产量，输出量(41)P pa
599、ck/pk/vt.&vi.塞进，挤进；装（箱），收拾；打包；包装 n.包，包裹；小盒，小包(37)*pagoda/pd/n.佛塔(47)panel/pnl/n.专家咨询组，讨论小组；嵌板；仪表盘(47)panic/pnk/n.惊恐，恐慌 vi.&vt.(panicked,panicked)（使）惊慌，（使）惊慌失措(31)parking/pk/n.停车；停车位(12)permanent/pmnnt/adj.永久的，永恒的(19)phrase/frez/n.成语，习语；短语，词组(35)pill/pl/n.药丸，药片(17)plain to see 显而易见的(21)plot/plt/n.阴谋；
600、故事情节 vi.&vt.密谋(40)polar/pl(r)/adj.极地的；完全相反的(13)possession/pzen/n.私人物品，个人财产；具有，拥有(12)pray/pre/vi.&vt.企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告(40)preserve/przv/vt.维护，保护，保存；维持(44)primitive/prmtv/adj.简陋的，落后的；原始的，远古的(50)prison/przn/n.监狱(34)proof/pruf/n.证据，证明(30)purse/ps/n.资金，财源；钱包(25)pursue/psju/vt.追求，致力于，执行；追逐(53)*pyramid/prmd/n.金字
601、塔(44)R radiation/redien/n.辐射，放射线(17)ray/re/n.光线，射线(11)*reef/rif/n.礁，礁脉(45)reform/rfm/vt.改进，改良，改革 n.改革，改良(41)regardless/rdls/adv.不顾，不加理会(31)regardless of 不管，不顾(31)reserve/rzv/n.自然保护区；储备 vt.预订；预留；保留(50)resolution/rezlun/n.决心，决定；决议；解决(11)rocket/rkt/n.火箭；火箭武器(26)route/rut/n.路线，路途；途径，渠道(31)royal/rl/adj.盛
602、大的，庄严的；皇家的，王室的(33)*rub/rb/vt.&vi.擦，磨，搓；（使）相互摩擦(39)ruin/run/vt.破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭 n.毁坏，毁灭；破产；残垣断壁(44)S sample/smpl/vt.尝，品尝，体验；抽样检验 n.样本，样品；取样(3)109 sausage/ssd/n.香肠，腊肠(12)*scan/skn/vt.&vi.扫描；细看；浏览 n.扫描检查；快速查阅(21)sculpture/sklpt(r)/n.雕像，雕塑品；雕刻术(45)shelf/elf/n.(pl.shelves/elvz/)（书架等的）架子，搁板(37)shelter/elt(r)/
603、n.居所，住处；庇护 vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避(27)shift/ft/n.改变，转移；轮班 vi.&vt.（使）移动，（使）转移；改变(41)shore/(r)/n.岸，滨(31)shortage/td/n.不足，短缺(31)showcase/kes/n.展示的场合；玻璃 柜台(55)*shuttle/tl/n.航天飞机；来往于两地之间的航班（或班车、火车）vi.频繁往来（于两地之间）(26)sink/sk/vi.&vt.(sank,sunk)下沉，沉没；坐下；降低(40)sort out 理顺，整理；把安排好(34)*souvenir/suvn(r)/n.纪念物，纪念品(9)speci
604、alist/spelst/n.专家；专科医生 adj.专业的(47)splendid/splendd/adj.壮丽的，雄伟的；极佳的，非常好的(2)splendour/splend(r)/(AmE splendor)n.壮丽，雄伟(50)starve/stv/vi.&vt.（使）饿死，（使）挨饿(11)statue/sttu/n.雕像，雕塑(9)*status/stets/n.身份，地位；状况，情形(45)strait/stret/n.海峡，水道(2)strengthen/strekn/vt.&vi.加强，增强(30)string/str/n.一批，一连串，一系列；线；弦(54)submit/
605、sbmt/vt.&vi.提交，呈递；屈服(53)subsequent/sbskwnt/adj.随后的，后 来的(31)suburb/sbb/n.郊区，城外(5)surrounding/srand/adj.周围的，附近的(6)suspend/sspend/vt.暂停；悬，挂(47)sustain/ssten/vt.使保持，使稳定持续；维持(6)T take shape 成形，有了模样(54)tale/tel/n.故事；讲述，叙述(25)telescope/telskp/n.望远镜(20)territory/tertri/n.（加拿大）地区；领土，领地；领域(2)*textile/tekstal/
606、n.纺织品；(textiles)纺 织业(41)thunder/nd(r)/vi.轰隆隆地响；打雷 n.雷，雷声(39)*tomb/tum/n.坟墓(33)tube/tjub/n.管，管子；软管(17)U unfold/nfld/vi.&vt.开花；展开，打开；展示，展现(2)uniform/junfm/n.制服；队服 adj.一致的，统一的(39)universe/junvs/n.(the universe)宇宙，天地万物(20)urban/bn/adj.城市的，城镇的(2)urgent/dnt/adj.紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急切的(44)110V valley/vli/n.山谷，溪谷(2
607、)vase/vz/n.花瓶，装饰瓶(9)violence/valns/n.暴力，暴行；狂热，激情(45)violently/valntli/adv.猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地(39)visible/vzbl/adj.看得见的；明显的(17)vital/vatl/adj.必不可少的，对极重要的；维持生命所必需的(17)vote/vt/vt.&vi.投票，表决 n.选票；投票(49)*voyage/vd/n.航海，航行，航天 vi.航行，远行(30)W washroom/wrum/n.洗手间，厕所(39)wear and tear（正常使用造成的）磨损，损耗(45)wear down（
608、使）磨损，（使）逐渐磨平(44)welfare/welfe(r)/n.幸福，福祉；福利(6)wool/wl/n.毛织物；羊毛(54)111说明：本表收录教科书中出现的人名、国名、地名、节日名称等专有名词。本表按页码排序。Marcel Proust/msel prust/马塞尔普鲁斯特（法国小说家）(1)Canada/knd/加拿大(1)Africa/frk/非洲(1)(the)Lijiang River 漓江(1)(the)Empire/empa(r)/State Building（美国）帝国大厦(1)(the)USA 美国（the United States of America 的缩写）(
609、1)Big Ben/ben/（英国）大本钟(1)(the)UK 英国（the United Kingdom 的缩写）(1)Uluru/ulru/(Ayers/e(r)z/Rock)（澳大利亚）乌鲁鲁巨石（又称“艾尔斯岩石”）(1)Australia/streli/澳大利亚(1)the Atlantic/tlntk/大西洋(2)the Pacific/psfk/Ocean 太平洋(2)the Rocky/rki/Mountains（北美洲）落基山脉(2)Banff/bnf/National Park（加拿大）班夫国家公园(2)Jasper/dsp(r)/National Park（加拿大）贾斯珀
610、国家公园(2)Niagara Falls/nar flz/（北美洲）尼亚加拉瀑布(2)the Bering/ber/Strait 白令海峡(2)Siberia/sabri/西伯利亚(3)European/jrpin/欧洲人(3)the English/l/英格兰人(3)the Scottish/skt/苏格兰人(3)the French/frent/法国人(3)Singapore/sp(r)/新加坡(3)the Pacific Islands 太平洋岛屿(3)Vancouver/vnkuv(r)/温哥华（加拿大城市）(3)the Dr Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese
611、 （加拿大）中山公园(3)GardenMontreal/mntril/蒙特利尔（加拿大城市）(3)112Wordlist 3(proper nouns)Cape/kep/Breton/bretn/Island（加拿大）布雷顿角岛(3)Nova Scotia/nv sk/新斯科舍（加拿大省份）(3)Multiculturalism Day 多元文化日(3)the United Nations 联合国(3)Lisa/lis/莉萨（女子名）(5)Calgary/klri/卡尔加里（加拿大城市）(5)May/me/梅（女子名）(5)the Botanical Gardens of Silver Spr
612、ings（加拿大）银泉植物园(5)the Calgary Tower（加拿大）卡尔加里塔(5)Japan/dpn/日本(7)Rome/rm/罗马（意大利首都）(7)Boston/bstn/波士顿（美国城市）(8)Shanghai Tower 上海中心大厦(9)Yu Garden 豫园(9)the Great Rockery/rkri/大假山(9)the Bund/bnd/外滩(9)Xuhui District 徐汇区(9)Jingan Temple 静安寺(9)the Buddha/bd/佛陀（佛教创始人）(9)Nanjing Road 南京路(9)Shanghai Museum 上海博物馆(
613、9)Shanghai Grand Theatre 上海大剧院(9)Yue Opera 越剧(9)Morocco/mrk/摩洛哥(11)Marrakesh/mrke/马拉喀什（摩洛哥城市）(11)Merzouga/mzu/梅尔祖卡（摩洛哥村庄）(11)the Sahara/shr/（非洲）撒哈拉沙漠(11)Kenya/kenj/肯尼亚(12)Amboseli/mbseli/National Park（非洲）安博塞利国家公园(12)Mount Kilimanjaro/klmndr/（非洲）乞力马扎罗山(12)Iceland/aslnd/冰岛(13)the North Atlantic Ocean
614、北大西洋(13)Reykjavk/rekjvk/雷克雅未克（冰岛首都）(13)the Northern Lights 北极光(13)113Greenland/rinlnd/格陵兰岛（世界最大的岛屿）(13)Liu Cixin 刘慈欣（中国科幻小说家）(15)Yuri Gagarin/jri rn/尤里加加林（苏联宇航员）(15)Neil Armstrong/nil mstr/尼尔阿姆斯特朗（美国宇航员）(15)David Scott/devd skt/戴维斯科特（美国宇航员）(15)James Irwin/demz wn/詹姆斯欧文（美国宇航员）(15)the ISS 国际空间站（the In
615、ternational Space Station 的缩写）(15)Mars/mz/火星(15)Galileo/lle/伽利略（意大利天文学家）(20)the Hubble/hbl/Space Telescope 哈勃太空望远镜(20)the Kepler/kepl(r)/Space Telescope 开普勒太空望远镜(20)FAST500米口径球面射电望远镜（Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope 的缩写）(20)the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program 中国探月工程(21)the Cha
616、nge Program 嫦娥工程(21)the China National Space Administration 中国国家航天局(21)Change 1“嫦娥一号”(21)Change 2“嫦娥二号”(21)Change 3“嫦娥三号”(21)Change 4“嫦娥四号”(21)Change 5“嫦娥五号”(21)Jenny/deni/珍妮（女子名）(22)Bob/bb/鲍勃（男子名）(22)The Beasts/bists/from Mars 来自火星的野兽（虚构电影名）(22)Strangers from Space 来自太空的异客（虚构书名）(22)Stephen Hawking/
617、stivn hk/斯蒂芬霍金（英国物理学家）(25)Mercury/mkjri/水星(27)Jupiter/dupt(r)/木星(27)Uranus/jrns/天王星(27)Venus/vins/金星(27)Saturn/stn/土星(27)Neptune/neptjun/海王星(27)Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking 与霍金一起了解宇宙（纪录片名）(28)Chen Shou 陈寿（三国及西晋时期史学家）(29)114Pearl Harbor/pl hb(r)/珍珠港（美国港口名）(29)The Time Machine 时间机器（H.G.威尔斯的作
618、品）(29)H.G.Wells/welz/H.G.威尔斯（英国小说家）(29)Zheng He 郑和（明朝航海家）(30)Taicang 太仓（江苏省县级市）(30)Zheng Hes Navigation/nven/郑和航海图(30)MapChristopher Columbus 克里斯托弗哥伦布（意大利航海家）(31)/krstf klmbs/Italy/tli/意大利(31)the East Indies/ndz/东印度群岛(31)Spain/spen/西班牙(31)Indian/ndin/印第安人(31)the Caribbean/krbin/加勒比海地区(31)the New Wor
619、ld 新大陆(31)Captain James Cook/demz kk/詹姆斯库克船长（英国航海家）(31)the Age of Exploration 大航海时代(31)the Tomb of the King of Boni/bni/浡泥国王墓(33)the Yongle Emperor 永乐帝（明朝皇帝）(33)Boni 浡泥国（文莱的旧称）(33)Brunei/bruna/文莱(33)South-East Asia 东南亚(33)Sima Qian 司马迁（西汉史学家）(34)(the)Grand Historian 太史令（官职名）(34)Shiji(Records of the
620、Grand Historian)史记(34)the Yellow Emperor 黄帝(35)Twenty-Four Histories 二十四史(35)the First World War 第一次世界大战(35)Alan/ln/艾伦（男子名）(36)the USS Arizona/rzn/美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰(39)Seaman Russell Warriner 拉塞尔沃里纳海员（“珍珠港事件”的幸存者）(39)/rsl wrn(r)/Quartermaster/kwtmst(r)/路易孔泰军需官（“珍珠港事件”的幸存者）(39)Louis Conter/lui kt(r)/115th
621、e US Navy 美国海军(39)Elsa/els/埃尔莎（女子名）(40)President Roosevelt/rzvelt/罗斯福总统(40)Pearl Harbor Speech 珍珠港演说(40)the US Congress/kres/美国国会(40)the Second World War 第二次世界大战(40)the Industrial Revolution/revlun/工业革命(41)Belgium/beldm/比利时(41)France/frns/法国(41)Germany/dmni/德国(41)Thomas Newcomen 托马斯纽科门（英国工程师）(41)/tm
622、s njukmn/James Watt/demz wt/詹姆斯瓦特（英国发明家）(41)the National Museum of China 中国国家博物馆(42)Steve Berry/stiv beri/史蒂夫贝里（美国作家）(43)(the)World Heritage Site 世界遗产地(43)the Silk Road 丝绸之路(43)UNESCO/junesk/联合国教育、科学及文化组织（简称联合国教科文 组织，United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization 的缩写）(43)the Great P
623、yramid/prmd/of Giza （埃及）吉萨大金字塔(43)/iz/Yellowstone National Park（美国）黄石国家公园(43)Mount Huangshan 黄山(43)Iran/rn/伊朗(44)Bam/bm/巴姆（伊朗城市）(44)Angkor/k(r)/（柬埔寨）吴哥(45)Cambodia/kmbdi/柬埔寨(45)the Historic Centre of Vienna/vien/（奥地利）维也纳历史中心(45)Austria/stri/奥地利(45)Mozart/mtst/莫扎特（奥地利作曲家）(45)Beethoven/betvn/贝多芬（德国音乐家
624、）(45)the List of World Heritage in Danger 世界濒危遗产名录(45)116the Great Barrier Reef（澳大利亚）大堡礁(45)the Wooden Pagoda of Yingxian County 应县木塔(47)Chris/krs/克丽丝（女子名）(48)Egypt/idpt/埃及(48)Abu Simbel/bu smbl/temples（埃及）阿布辛贝神庙(48)Aswan/swn/High Dam （埃及）阿斯旺高坝(48)the Nile/nal/（非洲）尼罗河(48)the Convention/knvenn/Concer
625、ning 保护世界文化和自然遗产公约(49)the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritagethe General Conference of UNESCO 联合国教科文组织大会(49)the World Heritage Committee 世界遗产委员会(49)the UNESCO States Parties 联合国教科文组织缔约国(49)the World Heritage List 世界遗产名录(49)the Grand Canal 大运河(49)Linda/lnd/琳达（女子名）(50)the Serengeti/s
626、erneti/（非洲）塞伦盖蒂(50)Jiuzhaigou Valley 九寨沟(50)the Sichuan Basin 四川盆地(50)the Borobudur/brbd/Temple（印度尼西亚）婆罗浮屠佛塔(50)Cicero/ssr/西塞罗（古罗马哲学家）(50)East Asia 东亚(53)the Mediterranean/medtrenin/地中海地区(53)the Changan-Tianshan Corridor 长安天山廊道(53)Kazakhstan/kzkstn/哈萨克斯坦(53)Kyrgyzstan/kstn/吉尔吉斯斯坦(53)Changan 长安（西安的古称
627、）(53)Xian 西安（中国城市）(53)Shaanxi 陕西（中国省份）(53)Tianshan Mountains 天山(53)Central Asia 中亚(53)Zhang Qian 张骞（西汉外交家）(53)the Roman Empire 罗马帝国(54)Arabia/rebi/阿拉伯半岛(54)117the Mogao Caves 莫高窟(54)Buddhism/bdzm/佛教(54)the Belt and Road Initiative “一带一路”倡议(54)the Silk Road Economic Belt 丝绸之路经济带(54)the Galpagos/lps/I
628、slands（厄瓜多尔）加拉帕戈斯群岛(55)Ecuador/ekwd(r)/厄瓜多尔(55)Charles Darwin/tlz dwn/查尔斯达尔文（英国生物学家）(55)UNESCO World Heritage Centre 联合国教科文组织世界遗产中心(56)118119Irregular verbsBase form Simple past Past participleBase form Simple past Past participleeat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeed fed fedfeel felt feltfight fought fo
629、ughtfind found foundfly flew flownforecast forecast/forecast/forecasted forecastedforget forgot forgottenforgive forgave forgivenfreeze froze frozenget got gotgive gave givengo went gonegrow grew grownhang hung/hanged hung/hangedhave had hadhear heard heardhide hid hiddenhit hit hithold held heldhur
630、t hurt hurtkeep kept keptknow knew knownlay laid laidlead led ledlearn learnt/learned learnt/learnedleave left leftlend lent lentlet let letarise arose arisenawake awoke awokenbe was/were beenbear bore bornebeat beat beatenbecome became becomebegin began begunbend bent bentbet bet betbite bit bitten
631、bleed bled bledblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbring brought broughtbroadcast broadcast broadcast build built builtburn burnt/burned burnt/burnedbuy bought boughtcast cast castcatch caught caughtchoose chose chosencome came comecost cost costcut cut cutdeal dealt dealtdig dug dugdo did donedraw dre
632、w drawndream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreameddrink drank drunkdrive drove driven120Base form Simple past Past participleBase form Simple past Past participlelie lied/lay lied/lainlight lit/lighted lit/lightedlose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met metmistake mistook mistakenmisunderstand m
633、isunderstood misunderstoodovercome overcame overcomepanic panicked panickedpay paid paidprove proved proved/provenput put putquit quit/quitted quit/quittedread read readride rode riddenring rang rungrise rose risenrun ran runsay said saidsee saw seenseek sought soughtsell sold soldsend sent sentset
634、set setsew sewed sewn/sewedshake shook shakenshine shone shoneshoot shot shotshow showed shownshut shut shutsing sang sungsink sank sunksit sat satsleep slept sleptslide slid slidsmell smelt/smelled smelt/smelledsow sowed sown/sowedspeak spoke spokenspeed sped/speeded sped/speededspell spelt/spelled
635、 spelt/spelledspend spent spentspread spread spreadspring sprang sprungstand stood stoodsteal stole stolenstick stuck stuckstrike struck struck/strickenstring strung strungsweep swept sweptswim swam swumswing swung swungtake took takenteach taught taughttell told toldthink thought thoughtthrow threw
636、 thrownunderstand understood understoodupset upset upsetwake woke wokenwear wore wornweep wept weptwet wet/wetted wet/wettedwin won wonwind wound woundwithdraw withdrew withdrawnwrite wrote written普通高中教科书英语是集体智慧的结晶，感谢所有参与教材设计和编写的人员，感谢使用教材的师生。特别鸣谢：牛津 大 学 出 版 社（中 国）有限公司戴思泉、张群、陈峤琦、Johan Uusitalo、Carmen
637、 Bodrick 参与编辑、审读本册教材。赵杰、隆元文、熊力波、戴薇、张光明、倪宏、季钰、石小刚、沈竹、Ruth Johnson 审读本册教材。Cricket Media 授权部分语篇在本册教材中使用。笪贞子为本册教材绘制部分插图。我们竭尽所能取得作品权利人的授权许可。如无意中侵犯作品权利人的权益，相关权利人可随时与我们联系。如果您在使用教材过程中有任何问题、意见、建议，欢迎与我们联系。教材邮箱：教材热线：02583658349,83672889通信地址：南京市湖南路 1 号 A 楼 译林出版社普通高中教科书英语编写组 210009普通高中教科书英语编写组2021 年 6 月后 记定价：9.74 元审批号：苏费核（2021 年）0268 号 举报电话：12315