1、语法剖析活用一、reporting 转述常用动词常用句型例句complain, add, admit, agree, announce, believe, boast, claim, deny, declare, explain, insist, remind, suggest.动词that从句They complained that the price of books had increased.他们抱怨说书的价格提高了。I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result.我还要补充一下, 我们对测试结果表示满意。Th
2、e captain announced that the plane was going to land.机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。I suggested that it would be quicker to travel by plane.我建议说乘飞机旅行要快一些。warn, remind.动词sb. +that从句The whistle warned visitors that the ship was ready to sail.汽笛通知旅客船即将启航。Please remind me that I must call her up before nine.请提醒我九点前给她打个电话。
3、advise, beg, order, promise.动词sb. + to do sth.The doctor advised me to take more exercise.医生嘱咐我多加锻炼。I begged her not to go, but she did not listen to me.我恳求她不要去, 但是, 她不听我的。They ordered him to stop firing.他们命令他停止开枪。He has promised his teacher to behave better henceforth.他答应他的老师从今以后要表现得好些。agree, offer
4、 refuse, threaten.动词to do sth.He agreed to come to school earlier.他同意早一点去学校。He offered to help me with my English.他答应我要帮助我学习英语。Joans mother refused to let her go abroad.琼的母亲拒绝让她出国。His father threatened to beat the boy if he stole again.男孩的父亲威胁说如果他再偷东西的话, 就要揍他。admit, deny, suggest.动词doingThey dont ad
5、mit smoking in the meeting room.他们不允许在会议室内吸烟。He denied stealing a book.他否认偷了一本书。He suggested going out for a walk.他建议出去走走。inquire, ask, wonder, doubt.动词whether/if从句She inquired if/whether my mother was well.她问起我母亲是否康复。He asked how much the book was.他问这本书多少钱。I wonder why James is always late for scho
6、ol.我想知道为什么詹姆斯上学总是迟到。I doubt whether/if he is at home.我看他不一定在家。accuse of.动词+介词+doing/sth.The police accused him of murder.警方指控他谋杀。The police accused him of stealing.警方控告他犯有盗窃罪。二、被动语态的使用情况1. 被动语态是英语中的两大语态之一, 它表示主语是动作的承受者。结构类型例句分析不知道谁是动作的执行者It is found that a young woman was murdered and the police hav
7、e taken action to look into the case.有人发现一个女青被杀, 警方已采取行动调查此事。“谋杀”这个动作的执行者是未知的, 此时用被动语态。没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者Childrens clothes are sold in this shop.这个商店出售童装。“出售”这个动作的执行者是人人皆知的, 没有必要指出具体是谁。强调动作的承受者Harry Potter was written by J. K. Rowling.哈利波特的作者是J. K. 罗琳。“Harry Potter”是句子的重心, 即主语是强调的对象。为了句式的变化或句子结构的平衡, 避免头
8、重脚轻。The government is going to build a new school next year and it is going to be built in the poor village.明政府要建一所新的学校, 打算建在那个贫困村。前后两句语态不同, 避免雷同。有些情况如公告、通知、报纸标题等有时用被动语态。No books are to be taken out of the reading room.书籍不得带出阅览室。You are asked to be punctual for the examination.大家务必准时到达考场。重点突出。2. 被动语
9、态的结构一般来说, 只有需要动作对象的及物动词（短语)才有被动语态。动作的执行者一般由介词by引起的短语来表示（by短语常可以省略)。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。现以动词do为例, 列出常用的八种时态的被动语态。时态构成例句一般现在时is/am/are+doneHow is this word pronounced?这个单词怎么发音?一般过去时was/were+doneShe was asked to sing a song.大家要求她唱首歌。一般将来时will/shall+be doneSome of you will be sent to America for further
10、 training.你们中有些人将被送到美国接受进一步的培训。is/am/are going to+be doneThe trees are going to be planted in this area.这些树将被种植在这个区域。现在进行时is/am/are+being doneThe classroom is being cleaned by the students.学生们正在打扫教室。现在完成时have/has+been doneAll the work has been finished.所有工作都已完成了。过去进行时was/were+being doneMom told me t
11、hat grandma was being taken good care of in that nursing home.妈妈告诉我奶奶在那个疗养院被照顾得很好。过去完成时had+been doneIt was the first time that I had been criticized in public.那是我第一次当众受到批评。过去将来时would+be doneHe did know he would be assigned the complex job.他就知道这项复杂的工作会安排给他。情态动词的被动结构情态动词+be doneEverything that can be
12、done has been done.能做的都已经做了。注意事项带复合宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时, 将主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。What he said made me very angry.他说的话使得我很生气。I was made very angry by what he said.在主动语态中, make, hear, see等词后接不定式时要省略to, 但转换为被动语态时, 则不能省略to。I was made to throw up by his words.他的话令我呕吐。带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时, 可将表物的直接宾语变为主语, 用for或to
13、引出表人的间接宾语, 或将表人的间接宾语变为主语。My father is telling me an interesting story now.An interesting story is being told to me by my father now.Im being told an interesting story by my father now.动词短语作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时, 要把动词短语作为一个整体使用, 而不能将其分开或去掉某部分。My grandparents have taken good care of me these years.I have been
14、 taken good care of by my grandparents these years.3. 非谓语动词的被动语态非谓语成分一般式完成式例句动名词主语、表语、宾语、定语being donehaving been doneHe remembered being taken to Beijing when he was a child.他记得小时候曾经被带着去过北京。现在分词定语、状语being donehaving been doneHaving been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless
15、 we chained our dog up.邮递员被狗咬了两次之后要我们把狗拴起来, 不然就不给我们送信了。不定式主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语to be done表示规律性的动作或所表示的动作与谓语动作同时或之后发生。to have been done所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。She is often heard to play the piano in the next room.常常听见她在隔壁的房间弹钢琴。It is a great honor for him to have been elected a model worker.被选为劳模对他来说是一个很大的荣耀。活学活用：单
16、项填空1.(重庆)I have to go to work by taxi because my car_ at the garage.A. will be repairedB. is repairedC. is being repairedD. has been repaired解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意为“我现在不得不乘出租车去上班,我的车现在正在被维修。”have to go说明当前的状态，故用现在进行时的被动语态。答案:C2.(辽宁模拟)After he came to himself, he remembered _on the shoulder with a stone.A.
17、hitB. to be hitC. be hitD. having been hit解析：考查动名词的被动语态。句意为“他醒来之后,记起肩膀被一块石头击中过。”remember to do sth. “记得要做某事”，remember doing sth.“记得做过了某事”;这里是remember 后接doing的被动式,表示被击中过。答案:D3.(江苏)I dont suppose the police know who did it.Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _ now.A. has been quest
18、ionedB. is being questionedC. is questioningD. has questioned解析：考查动词时态和语态。根据now一词可知应该用现在进行时,而man与question之间又是被动关系,所以用现在进行时的被动形式。答案:B4.(辽宁)It is said that the early European playing-cards _ for entertainment and education.A. were being designedB. have designedC. have been designedD. were designed解析：考
19、查动词时态和语态。句意为“据说,欧洲早期扑克是为了娱乐和教育目的而设计的。”根据early一词可知叙述的是早期的情况,故要用一般过去时,playing-cards与design之间是被动关系,因此D项正确。答案:D5.(陕西)The construction of the two new railway lines _ by now.A. has been completedB. have been completedC. have completedD. has completed解析：考查完成时态的被动语态。句意为“两条新铁路线的建设到现在为止已经竣工了。”主语The constructi
20、on of the two new railway lines和谓语complete之间是被动关系,所以排除C和D项,construction 是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数,因此A项正确。答案:A6. （经典回放）_ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD.
21、To be separated解析：考查现在分词完成时式的被动语态作状语。澳洲的分离是被动的,用被动结构,“for+时间段”与完成时连用,所以本题选C项。答案:C7.(上海)When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike _ to become a world champion by his coach and parents.A. expectedB. was expectingC. was expectedD. would be expected.解析：考查动词的语态辨析。句意为“在麦克11岁成为专业运动员的时候,他的教练和父母都盼望他
22、成为世界冠军。”从by his coach and parents看出是被动语态,从at the age of 11看出,发生在过去。答案:C8.(浙江模拟)A new bridge _ here. They hope to finish it next month.A. will be builtB. is builtC. has been builtD. is being built解析：考查动词时态及语态。根据所提供的语境They hope to finish it next month看出新桥还在建设之中,要用进行时态的被动语态。答案:D9. （经典回放）_ in the regula
23、tions that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.A. What is requiredB. What requiresC. It is requiredD. It requires解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意为“按照规定,你不应该把你的邮箱密码告诉别人。” It是形式主语,that从句是真正的主语从句。用被动结构表示要求做某事,排除B和D项。空白处缺少主语和谓语,What is required是从句,只能作主语,排除A项。It常用于被动语态的结构有：It is required
24、that .要求；It is said that .据说；It is suggested that.建议；It is demanded that .要求；如果用what从句,应该说 What is required is that.。答案:C10. (经典回放)Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms.A. was calledB. is calledC. had been calledD. has been called解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意为“数月前,我们航行了数千里,穿越了叫做太平洋的宽阔海域,没有遇到风暴。”虽然去航海发生在过去，但是,海洋的名称不会随时间变化,表示规律、常识、真理等意义时,用一般现在时态。如:Our teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。答案:B