1、UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION单元素养评估卷(四)时间:100分钟分数:120分第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AId like to share 4 of my favourite blogs with you today. Im guessing you know about some, but Im hoping there might be a few new treasures for you to discover. Design for Mank
2、indA lifestyle blog by Erin Loechner, filled with beautifully written articles on everything from design to parenting, to marriage, to work, to travel and more. And I have completely enjoyed the blog for six years. A Cup of JoA lifestyle blog by Joanna Goddard, full of free topics, questions and reg
3、ular posts on everything from food, design, travel, relationships to motherhood. This is another six-year read for me. Enjoy itA lifestyle and DIY blog by Elise Blaha Cripe, full of great ideas for all things DIY(memory-keeping, home decoration, photography, gardening . ). I have been following Elis
4、es blog since ten years ago. Cupcakes & CashmereA lifestyle and fashion blog by Emily Schuman, full of all sorts of great posts on everything from fashion, to decoration, to recipes, to work, to attitudes towards life. I had always heard people talk about this blog, but didnt start following regular
5、ly until a year or two ago. 1. Which blog will interest a fashion follower?A. Design for Mankind.B. A Cup of Jo. C. Enjoy it. D. Cupcakes & Cashmere. 解析: 细节理解题。由Cupcakes & Cashmere中的“A lifestyle and fashion blog by Emily Schuman”可知,Cupcakes & Cashmere是由Emily Schuman所写的关于生活方式和时尚的博客。所以时尚跟随者会对Cupcakes
6、& Cashmere感兴趣。答案: D2. What do the four blogs have in common?A. DIY. B. Travel. C. Lifestyle. D. Fashion. 解析: 细节理解题。由Design for Mankind中的“A lifestyle blog”,A Cup of Jo中的“A lifestyle blog”,Enjoy it中的“A lifestyle and DIY blog”,Cupcakes & Cashmere中的“A lifestyle and fashion blog”可知,这四个博客的共同点是它们的内容都是关于生活方
7、式的。答案: C3. Why does the author write the text?A. To share some good blogs.B. To show how to start a blog. C. To prove the value of blogs. D. To make money through blogs. 解析: 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Id like to share 4 of my favourite blogs with you today.”以及下文对四个博客的具体介绍可以判断出,作者写这篇文章是想与读者分享一些好的博客。答案: ABA home sci
8、ence experiment recently took the world by storm. Two teens from Toronto, in Canada, sent a Lego man rising above Earth and captured their tiny astronauts trip on film. Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad, both 17, used a weather balloon to launch their plastic Lego model 16 miles above Earth. This is insid
9、e a part of Earths atmosphere. The two teens were inspired by a similar project performed by students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The MIT students had launched a weather balloon with a camera into near space and taken many unusual images of Earth. Mathew and Asad then spent f
10、our months figuring out how to launch their own spacecraft into space. Travelling to space is expensive for NASA, but Mathew and Asad worked hard to keep their costs down. They bought much of their equipment used and even sewed the Lego mans parachute(降落伞) by hand. In total, the project cost only $4
11、00. “We had a lot of anxiety on launch day because there were high winds when we were going up,” Mathew told reporters. They had to pump extra helium(氦) into the balloon so that it would rise quickly and avoid being blown too far off course by the strong winds. The toy astronauts journey lasted 97 m
12、inutes before the balloon broke and he fell back to Earth. Mathew and Asad then spent two weekends looking for their spacecraft. It had landed 76 miles away from the launch site. The student scientists are currently finishing up their final year of high school and applying for colleges. They are als
13、o looking into more do-it-yourself space projects. “I guess the sky is not really the limit anymore,” Mathew told reporters. “We never knew wed get this far. Its been a lesson for us that hard work pays off.”4. By saying “took the world by storm” in the first paragraph, the writer meant the experime
14、nt . A. destroyed the worldB. flooded the worldC. fascinated the worldD. managed the world解析: 推理判断题。根据第一段的第二句“Two teens from Toronto, Canada, sent a Lego man rising above Earth and captured their tiny astronauts trip on film.”可知两个青少年把一个玩具乐高人送入了太空,并把过程拍了下来,因此作者想要表达的是这个试验吸引了世人的目光。答案: C5. Which of the
15、following about the students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is right?A. They were examples to Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad. B. They helped Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad to achieve their dream. C. They launched the weather balloon together with Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad. D. They st
16、udied with Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad in the same school. 解析: 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“The two teens were inspired by a similar project performed by students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT).”可知选A。答案: A6. How did Mathew and Asad keep their costs down?A. By sewing the weather balloon themsel
17、ves. B. By borrowing spacecraft from the MIT students. C. By making their spacecraft by hand. D. By using second-hand equipment. 解析: 细节理解题。根据第四段的第二句“They bought much of their equipment used and even sewed the Lego mans parachute by hand.”可知他们使用二手的设备来节省费用。答案: D7. What problems did Mathew and Asad hav
18、e on launch day?A. They ran out of helium. B. The wind was too strong. C. The balloon suddenly broke. D. Their spacecraft was blown away. 解析: 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“We had a lot of anxiety on launch day because there were high winds when we were going up”可知,在他们进行发射的那天遇到的问题是大风。答案: BCDespite what so many peopl
19、e would love to believe, NASA hasnt discovered any evidence of past or present intelligent life on Mars. Therefore, when the Curiosity rover(好奇号探测器) found something suspicious on the Red Planets surface, they were not only surprised but also a little bit worried. The thin fragment(碎片) was suspicious
20、 enough to guarantee its own name, with NASAs Curiosity rover team calling it the “Pettegrove Point Foreign Object Debris”, named for where it was discovered. With no idea what it was or where it came from, the rovers handlers began to worry that it might actually be a piece of the rover itself, sug
21、gesting some unseen damage or other issues with the robot. Thankfully, those concerns seem to have been unfounded. In a new update from NASA the object has now been identified as a natural piece of rock rather than a piece of any man-made craft or vehicle. The team analysed the unusual object with a
22、 tool called the Chem Cam RMI. The instrument uses a laser(激光器) to sniff out the makeup of anything that is pointed at, and the results for this particular piece of debris revealed that its actually just a very thin piece of rock. NASA describes the inspection: The planning day began with an interes
23、ting result from the previous plans Chem Cam RMI analysis of a target that was referred to as the “Pettegrove Point Foreign Object Debris”(PPFOD), and supposed to be a piece of spacecraft debris. In fact it was found to be a very thin slice of rock, so we can all rest easy tonight. Curiosity has not
24、 begun to shed its skin!How this particularly thin sliver of rock got to where it isand why it seems to be a different colour than the surrounding sand and debrisremains unexplained, but at least the rover isnt falling apart. 8. What attitude did NASA hold towards the newly found thin fragment?A. Po
25、sitive and excited. B. Surprised and delighted. C. Interested and doubtful. D. Amazed and worried. 解析: 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Therefore, when the Curiosity rover found something suspicious on the Red Planets surface, they were not only surprised but also a little bit worried.”可知,美国宇航局对新发现的可疑物感到惊讶且担忧。答案: D9.
26、What is the “Pettegrove Point Foreign Object Debris” named for?A. Its finder. B. Its location.C. Its researcher. D. Its shape. 解析: 细节理解题。根据第二段中“with NASAs Curiosity rover team calling it the Pettegrove Point Foreign Object Debris, named for where it was discovered.”可知,Pettegrove Point异物碎片以发现它的位置而命名。
27、答案: B10. According to the passage, which of the following is right?A. Most people believe there isnt any intelligent life on Mars. B. The recent concerns connected with the thin fragment have not been discovered. C. According to NASA, the object found recently was a piece of man-made craft or vehicl
28、e. D. The object once making many people worried has the same colour with the surrounding sand. 解析: 细节理解题。根据第二段“With no idea what it was or where it came from, the rovers handlers began to worry that it might actually be a piece of the rover itself, suggesting some unseen damage or other issues with
29、 the robot. Thankfully, those concerns seem to have been unfounded.”(由于不知道它是什么,也不知道它是从哪里来的,火星车的操纵者开始担心它可能是火星车本身的一部分,暗示着机器人有一些看不见的损坏或其他问题。谢天谢地,这些担忧似乎没有依据。),可知与薄碎片有关的担忧似乎没有依据。答案: B11. In which part of a newspaper can you read the passage?A. Travelling. B. Sports.C. Science. D. Food. 解析: 推理判断题。文章介绍了美国好
30、奇号探测器在火星表面发现了可疑的碎片,还介绍了美国宇航局对它进行了分析和研究,证明碎片只是一片很薄的岩石。因此推断你能在报纸的科学版读到这篇文章。答案: CDSteven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce garbage, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they dri
31、ve down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag. Americans use more than 100 billion thin plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them a
32、t checkouts(收银台). The bags are not allowed in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring(聘请) scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume. Among the bag makers arguments:
33、 many cities with bans(禁令) still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today. The industry has also taken aim at
34、the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least
35、131 times to be better for the planet than the plastic one. Environmentalists dont doubt these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years. 12. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A. Help increase market sales. B. Recycle the w
36、astes. C. Stop things falling off trucks. D. Argue for the use of plastic bags. 解析: 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag” 和第二段中的“plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet
37、 as most people assume”可知,塑料袋生产商雇用Stein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。答案: D13. What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Effects of city development. B. Bans on plastic bags. C. Headaches caused by garbage.D. Plastic bags hung in trees. 解析: 词义猜测题。上文介绍了在加利福尼亚的许多城市塑料袋被禁用,看到这种现状,塑料袋生产商
38、雇用Steven Stein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds“逆风”,此处指“塑料袋被禁用的现状”。答案: B14. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic bag makers?A. They are quite expensive. B. Replacing them can be difficult. C. They are less strong than plastic bags.D. Producing them requires more energ
39、y. 解析: 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.”可知,塑料袋生产商认为生产更耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能源。答案: D15. Whats the environmentalists attitude towards the use of paper bags?A. Supportive.B. Uninterested.C. Negative.D. Objective.解析: 推理判断题。尽管纸袋容易回收,但生产和运输需要更多的能源,再结合最后一段
40、中的“They hope paper bags will be banned someday too”可推断出环保人士对纸袋的使用持否定态度。supportive支持的;uninterested 不感兴趣的;negative否定的;objective客观的。答案: C第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据下面短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Make Quick Decisions for Your LifeWe make decisions every day. 16 When it comes to making
41、decisions, choosing the right one can at times be stressful, especially if the decision must be made quickly. Indecision often weighs us down, but there are some useful tips for making quick decisions more easily. 17 Sometimes the key to making a quick decision comes down to planning ahead of time f
42、or just such an occasion. We all know were going to come to an important decision-making point sooner or later, so having a plan already in hand can put our mind at ease when that time comes. Overcome fear. 18 While it may seem difficult to overcome the fear of making the wrong choice, many experts
43、agree that we shouldnt be afraid to make the wrong decision, even if it seems important. The vast majority of wrong decisions can be corrected, while delaying decisions can often lead to more problems. Write down all the advantages and disadvantages of your decision. Even if you dont have all the in
44、formation, writing down all the pros and cons(优缺点) is a good starting point for figuring out what to do. In cases where there simply isnt enough time to write things down, make a mental list in your mind. Thinking of the pros and cons can help you organise your thoughts. 19Determine criteria. Rememb
45、er that every decision you make should come with a certain list of criteria. 20 But once you know the requirements youre looking for, making a decision will become easier. Look for the choice that satisfies the list youve made, and once that choice is found, you should move ahead with it. A. Have a
46、plan. B. The list may be short or quite long. C. Communicate your decision to others. D. And this can always lead to a clear answer. E. So cut out any options that you know you will not choose. F. Often, one thing that keeps us from making decisions is fear. G. Some can be very important while other
47、s are not serious in the long run. 答案: 16.G17.A18.F19.D20.B第二部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Choose what you want to do, and dont stop until getting there. You can 21 beyond your wildest dreams. My goal for myself last year was to 22 a half marathon(马拉松
48、). I was inspired by the runners in the world, seeing them run a half then 23 a full marathon, seeing my parents-in-laws excitement as they told me about their upcoming marathon. I knew I wanted to do a half. I completed my first 10 km last April. Feeling happy, I 24 to take the next step and sign u
49、p for the Hamptons Half in September. As the marathon drew near, I became more 25. I just didnt think that I was 26 to be a runner. I had never been good at running. Why suddenly could I do it now? 13.1 miles was further than anything I ever dreamed of. Unexpectedly, a month before the 27 I hurt my
50、hamstring(肌腱) seriously one rainy night. However, I felt somehow relieved. Now I had a good excuse not to run. I didnt have to feel 28 when I couldnt finish, because I could simply explain that I had hurt myself and could no longer 29. It was like a weight had been 30 from my shoulders. My attitude
51、finally changed. I believe that I can do anything, and that my body is 31 to do amazing things. I signed up for the DC Cherry Blossom Ten Miler with some friends, and with all of them beside me, I couldnt draw back. Unfortunately, while training hard, I was again32. I hurt my knee in an accident and
52、 couldnt run for months. The thought of using it as an excuse that I couldnt run came across my33 but I threw it away after a couple of minutes. On that exciting day I34 it to the finishing line, though not a good result. The 35 distance Ive ever run, one I had never thought possible. 21. A. succeed
53、B. stressC. hesitateD. admire解析: 根据下文作者的经历可知,本句是指选择你想要做的事,在到达目的地之前不要停止,你能取得超乎想象的成功。succeed成功;stress强调;hesitate犹豫;admire钦佩。答案: A22. A. researchB. organiseC. runD. host解析: 根据下文marathon可知作者是跑马拉松。research研究;organise组织;run奔跑;host主持。答案: C23. A. compareB. dislikeC. matchD. complete解析: 根据下文a full marathon可知
54、是跑完整段马拉松。compare比较;dislike不喜欢;match匹配;complete完成。答案: D24. A. refusedB. decidedC. agreedD. begged解析: 根据下文“to take the next step and sign up for the Hamptons Half in September”可知作者决定采取下一步。refuse拒绝;decide决定;agree同意;beg乞求。答案: B25. A. nervousB. boredC. confidentD. delighted解析: 根据下文“I just didnt think tha
55、t I was 26 to be a runner. I had never been good at running.”可知随着比赛临近,作者变得越来越紧张不安。nervous紧张的;bored厌倦的;confident自信的;delighted高兴的。答案: A26. A. allowedB. encouragedC. forcedD. meant解析: 句意:我觉得我并不是注定要成为一个跑步者。allow允许;encourage鼓励;force强迫;mean想要某人成为。be meant to be是固定短语,意为“注定成为”。答案: D27. A. trainingB. meeting
56、C. examD. match解析: 根据上文“As the marathon drew near, I became more25.”可知是马拉松比赛前一个月,作者的肌腱受了伤。training训练;meeting会议;exam考试;match比赛。答案: D28. A. importantB. frightenedC. proudD. puzzled解析: 作者受了伤,因此不用害怕完不成比赛。important重要的;frightened害怕的;proud骄傲的;puzzled困惑的。答案: B29. A. jump upB. give upC. take partD. stand out
57、解析: 因为作者可以简单地解释道自己受了伤不能再参加比赛了。jump up跳起来;give up放弃;take part参加;stand out突出。答案: C30. A. separatedB. protectedC. borrowedD. removed解析: 根据上文“I felt somehow relieved”可知作者因为不能再参加比赛而感到解脱,就像是肩上的负担被移走了。separate分开;protect保护;borrow借;remove移走。答案: D31. A. willingB. energeticC. sensitiveD. afraid解析: 根据上文“I belie
58、ve that I can do anything”可知作者相信自己可以做任何事,他的身体也愿意去做一些令人惊奇的事情。willing愿意的;energetic精力充沛的;sensitive 敏感的;afraid害怕的。答案: A32. A. injuredB. punishedC. invitedD. fired解析: 根据下文“I hurt my knee”可知作者又一次受了伤。injure受伤;punish惩罚;invite邀请;fire着火。答案: A33. A. eyesB. facesC. mindD. stomach解析: 用它来作为我不能跑步的借口这一想法突然出现在我脑海中。c
59、ome across ones mind突然出现在脑海中。答案: C34. A. carriedB. madeC. threwD. failed解析: 根据下文“finishing line”可知作者跑完了全程马拉松。make it达到目标。答案: B35. A. farthestB. shortestC. worstD. easiest解析: 根据下文“one I had never thought possible”可知作者跑了自己从未想过的最远的距离。farthest最远的;shortest最短的;worst最坏的;easiest最容易的。答案: A第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满
60、分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Have you ever tasted or perhaps heard of sugar painting? As fewer people choose to make sugar paintings, the traditional Chinese folk craft might have become a 36. _(distance) memory in some ways. However, a 38-year-old craftsman, Li Jianzhong, is devoted to 37.
61、_(keep) the art of sugar painting alive. Li worked as a miner for more than ten years. After 38. _ mine closed down, Li turned 39. _ housing decoration until he 40. (force) to give that up due to a finger injury. Earlier this year, he discovered sugar painting, something he really had an interest in
62、. Since there was no sugar painting craftsman in his village, he studied by 41. (he) through large quantities of videos and information on the Internet. Li loved painting when he was young, and he found it easy to learn the skill in sugar painting. He soon mastered the skill and could make 42. _(var
63、y) of sugar paintings. A sugar painting is made with 43. _(melt) brown or white sugar. Craftsmen 44. (basic) paint animals and flowers on a stone board with the syrup(糖浆). When the syrup cools down, 45. appears is a piece of sugar art. 答案: 36. distant37. keeping38. the39. to 40. was forced41. himsel
64、f42. varieties43. melted 44. basically45. what第三部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华。最近你班举行了一次班会,班会的主题是:是否有必要进行太空探险。请结合下表内容,给校报用英语写一篇文章,客观地介绍讨论的情况并表达你自己的观点。一些同学赞同一些同学反对你自己的观点更好地了解太空耗资巨大?从太空获得新资源宇航员的安全问题扩大人类的生存空间注意:(1)词数100左右;(2)标题与开头已写好,不计入总词数。Outer Space Exploration, Yes or No?The other day at a class m
65、eeting we had an argument over _答案: Outer Space Exploration, Yes or No?The other day at a class meeting we had an argument over whether it was necessary to carry out outer space exploration.Some of us thought it important to research outer space because, first of all, people can get a better underst
66、anding of outer space through their exploration. Second, new resources can be found there for human use. Third, this exploration can possibly bring about new living space for humans.However, others thought very differently. They said this kind of exploration is much too costly. Besides, it is very d
67、angerous for astronauts to do such work.In my opinion, people should be pioneering and therefore such exploration of outer space is worth trying out.第二节(满分25分)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Speed is very important in avalanche(雪崩) rescues. There will be narrow chances to escape if a skier is buried for 3
68、0 minutes or more. Now that 30 minutes can mean the difference between life and death for a skier lost on a snowy mountain, most people would depend on life-saving dogs. Noble works as a rescue team member in a vacation land, California. He tells us, “Dogs run fastest when an accident happens.” His
69、partner Wylee, a life-saving dog, can search an accident scene the size of a football field. It only needs 5 to 10 minutes. However, 5 rescue team members have to spend a couple of hours in the same area. Apart from its excellent speed, Noble chooses Wylee as his partner partly because it weighs onl
70、y about half what other kinds of dogs weigh. Rescue team members have to carry their dogs to search sites in addition to carrying 60-pound backpacks with food, water and other equipment. The dogs need the lift so that they dont get tired before they start working. There arent adequate data on how of
71、ten dogs take part in avalanche searches or how often they are able to help local people in danger. But dogs dont save that many people. Thats because there arent that many to save. A quarter of people in danger die from serious injuries before the snow stops moving. Of those buried who werent kille
72、d by injuries, half die within 20 minutes. If there is a chance of rescue, though, the dogs also cut search time for the remains. Erica Mueller, a famous director, wanted to see how the life-saving dogs worked, so she volunteered to spend part of an hour in a roomy snow cave waiting to be found. She
73、 was armed with a radio and was wearing several layers to stay warm. After being rescued by Wylee, she said, “I cant talk like a survivor, but it was definitely a cool way to see how well trained those dogs are.”_答案: Life-saving dogs are of vital importance and help in avalanche rescues due to their
74、 excellent speed. (要点1) In addition, another advantage of life-saving dogs is their light weight. (要点2) Nonetheless, the number of people rescued was not large owing to serious injuries and limited time. (要点3) However, through an experiment, a famous director Erica Mueller, spoke highly of the life-saving dogs in avalanche rescues. (要点4)