1、UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUESSection Reading and Thinking (1)阅读理解AOne day, Toms teacher, Miss Mak, held a class meeting. “There will be a flag day next Saturday. Does anyone want to join this meaningful event?” asked Miss Mak. Tom was interested in raising money for homeless children, but he was not bra
2、ve enough to talk to the strangers, so he kept quiet in his seat.“Tom, you havent sold flags before,” said Miss Mak suddenly. “Would you like to have a try?” Tom was hesitant, but he finally nodded.On the flag day, Tom and Angela sold flags in a busy street. “Ex-cuse-me. Could y-o-u pl-ea-se buy .?”
3、 said Angela softly to the first person she met. The man smiled and put a five-dollar coin into Angelas collection bag. Then she said thanks and put a flag under his shoulder. “I did it!” said Angela happily. “Its your turn now.”Feeling nervous, Tom began to shake. Soon, he saw a young lady walking
4、towards him. The lady was smiling and holding a few coins in her hand. She asked, “Are you selling flags for Fund for the Homeless Children?” Toms face turned red and said yes. Then the lady made the donation and Tom gave her a flag. “You made it!” laughed Angela.In the next couple of hours, Angela
5、and Tom sold flags quickly and bravely. At last, their collection bags were so heavy that they had to hold them with both arms. They felt very proud.1. Why did Tom keep quiet in his seat?A. He had other plans.B. He didnt like Miss Mak.C. He was not interested in the activity.D. He was not brave enou
6、gh to talk to the strangers.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中“. but he was not brave enough to talk to the strangers, so he kept quiet in his seat.”可知,这是因为他不够勇敢。故选D。答案：D2. Where did Tom and Angela sell flags?A. In a busy street.B. In their school.C. In a tall building.D. In a small garden.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段首句“On the
7、flag day, Tom and Angela sold flags in a busy street.”可知,他们在一条繁忙的大街上售卖旗帜。故选A。答案：A3. How much did the first man pay Angela for the flag?A. Five dollars.B. Ten dollars.C. Fifteen dollars.D. Twenty dollars.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“The man smiled and put a five-dollar coin into Angelas collection bag.”可知,这个人付了
8、五美元。故选A。答案：A4. How did Tom and Angela feel after they sold the flags?A. Bored.B. Shy.C. Proud.D. Sad.解析：细节理解题。根据短文最后一句“They felt very proud.”可知,卖完旗帜以后,他们感觉很骄傲。故选C。答案：CBMoral science is taught as a subject in most schools but with little effect. Perhaps part of the problem lies in the fact that moral
9、ity is not a science, strictly speaking. It is too much of a social phenomenon, and also has too much of the personal and subjective things mixed within. Besides, morality itself changes with generations. So it is impossible to be defined in a textbook.I remember sitting through forty minutes of mor
10、al lessons, which told stories about little children who never told lies and were rewarded for their goodness. They had little effect and left no impression on me, though.If moral science has to be taught as a subject in schools, it needs a participatory(参与式的) approach. When you tell a child about m
11、orals, you also have to deal with social norms(规范) and cultural differences. You have to explain that morality can be subjective, and be able to coexist in society. You will probably have to refer to the morals of the present time.The best way to tell a child how to live is to show him or her what i
12、s valued. If a child likes his or her friend, you have to make the child think about why. Once the child notices and recognises goodness in others, he or she is likely to develop it as well.In fact, children learn most of their morals by watching people around them. They absorb behaviour patterns fr
13、om teachers and older students. They watch to see what is rewarded and who is punished. They learn on the sports field and through social work. Moral science lessons should simply consist of letting them live and interact, and watch you support correct values and reward good behaviour.5. Which is NO
14、T the reason why moral science is taught in schools but with little effect?A. Morality isnt a science.B. Morality is more like a social phenomenon.C. Different generations have different moral ideas.D. Morality cant be written down in textbooks.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知,德育在学校效果很差,是因为:道德严格来说不是一门科学,道德更像社会现象
15、,不同年代的人有不同的道德观。故选D。答案：D6. Why does the author describe his own experience of having moral lessons?A. To explain telling lies is not right for little children.B. To advise that people should be rewarded for their goodness.C. To show he has no opinions about moral science.D. To prove moral lessons in
16、schools have little effect.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“They had little effect and left no impression on me, though.”可知,作者提到自己上道德课是为了证明道德课效果很差,故选D。答案：D7. What should you do when you tell a child about morals?A. Tell him or her about social norms and cultural differences.B. Teach him or her to share personal mo
17、ral ideas with others.C. Explain that nobody can influence his or her moral ideas.D. Say that the present morals are likely to be changed.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“When you tell a child about morals, you also have to deal with social norms and cultural differences.”可知给孩子讲道德的时候,要告诉他们社会规范和文化差异。答案：A8. What is
18、the last paragraph mainly about?A. The value of teachers setting a good example.B. The best way of teaching children about morals.C. The influence of peoples behaviour on morals.D. The importance of rewarding children for their good behaviour.解析：段落大意题。文章最后一段的内容说明孩子们主要从他们身边的人身上学习道德,因此最好的教学方式是让孩子们参与、互
19、动、观察。故选B。答案：BCCould the device, a smartphone or a PC, which youre using affects the moral decisions you make when using it? To test it, researchers presented multiple dilemmas to a sample set of 1,010 people. The participants were assigned a device at random.One case of the questions participants we
20、re asked is the classic “trolley(有轨电车) problem”: A runaway trolley is headed towards five people tied up on a set of train tracks. You can do nothing, resulting in the deaths of the five people, or push a man off a bridge, which will stop the trolley. The practical response is to kill one man to sav
21、e five lives, which 33.5 percent of smartphone users chose, compared to 22.3 percent of PC users.“What we found in our study is that when people used a smartphone to view classic moral problems, they were more likely to make more unemotional, reasonable decisions when presented with a highly emotion
22、al dilemma,” Dr Albert Barque-Duran, the lead author of the study, told City, University of London. “This could be due to the increased time pressure often present with smartphones and also the increased psychological distance which can occur when we use such devices compared to PCs.”As for why the
23、researchers started this study, Dr Barque-Duran noted, “Due to the fact that our social lives, work and even shopping take place online, it is important to think about how the contexts where we typically face moral decisions and are asked to engage in moral behaviour have changed, and the impact thi
24、s could have on hundreds of millions of people who use such devices daily.” Its clear that we need more research on how our devices affect our moral decision making because were using screens at an ever increasing rate.9. Why did the author mention the “trolley problem”?A. To introduce a difficult p
25、roblem to readers.B. To introduce the aim of carrying out the study.C. To show an example of the questions in the study.D. To show the difficulty in dealing with dilemmas.解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段“One case of the questions participants were asked is the classic trolley problem.”可以推断出,作者提及有轨电车的问题,只是展示了研究问题中的一
26、个例子。故选C。答案：C10. How do the smartphone users of the study behave in dealing with emotional dilemmas?A. Calmly.B. Cruelly.C. Hesitantly.D. Enthusiastically.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段“What we found in our study is that when people used a smartphone to view classic moral problems, they were more likely to make mo
27、re unemotional, reasonable decisions when presented with a highly emotional dilemma”可知,手机使用者能够更镇定地处理情感困境。故选A。答案：A11. Dr Albert believes that compared with PCs, smartphones .A. help people bear more pressureB. help people make decisions quicklyC. make people feel more mentally distantD. make people s
28、tay happier to solve problems解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段“This could be due to the increased time pressure often present with smart-phones and also the increased psychological distance which can occur when we use such devices compared to PCs.”可知,与电脑相比,手机更让人感到精神上的疏远。故选C。答案：CReading and Thinking (2)基础测评. 单词拼写1. S
29、o p(宝贵的) is time that we cant afford to waste it.2. In the nursing profession, women are in the m(大部分).3. The students began to c(抱怨) about how cold it would be. 4. During conversations, do you spend all your “listening” time thinking about how to r(回复) to the speaker?5. When he failed in the Studen
30、ts Union e(选举) last semester, he, instead of being upset, viewed it as an opportunity to exercise his ability. 6. He had the complete support of the s(全体职员) in the hospital.7. I refuse to lie about it; its against my p(原则).8. Who do you suppose will r(取代) her on the show?9. Sam lives in a f(遥远的) vil
31、lage, which is more than 20 miles away from his school.10. Suddenly I felt a s(急剧的) pain in my shoulder.答案：1. precious2. majority3. complain4. respond5. election6. staff7. principles8. replace 9. faraway10. sharp. 用所给短语的适当形式填空carry sb through, care for, tend to, of ones own,be responsible for,1. He
32、works hard, but he doesnt his health.2. Their faith and courage them .3. When Im tired, I make mistakes. 4. They said the director, rather than the clerks, the incident.5. These college professors had opinions .答案：1. care for2. carried; through3. tend to4. was responsible for5. of their own. 语法填空As
33、a five-year-old girl, Lin Qiaozhi was 1. (deep) affected by her mothers death. At age 18, instead of following the traditional path of 2. _(marry) like the 3. _(major) of girls, she chose to study medicine. “Why should girls learn so much? Finding a good husband should be 4. _(them) final goal!” her
34、 brother complained, 5. _(think) of the high tuition 6. _(fee). She responded, “Id rather stay single 7. _(study) all my life!” Eight years later, Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College(PUMC) 8. _the Wenhai Scholarship, 9. _highest prize given to graduates. She immediately became the first
35、woman 10. _was hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.答案：1. deeply2. marriage3. majority4. their5. thinking6. fees7. to study8. with9. the 10. who提升测评. 阅读理解Working as a vet(兽医), I met a family that taught me an unforgettable lesson. They came to my clinic with th
36、eir dying dog, Coco. I examined Coco and found she was old and had a serious illness. I told the family we couldnt do anything for Coco, and that euthanasia(安乐死) would be the best for the dog. On that day, their little boy Eric seemed so calm, patting the old dog for the last time, that I wondered i
37、f Eric understood what was going on.The little boy seemed to accept Cocos death without any difficulty. We sat together for a while after Cocos death. I explained that animals lives are shorter than human lives.Eric, who had been listening quietly, said, “I know why.”He said, “People need a lifetime
38、 to learn how to live a good lifelike loving everybody all the time and being nice, right?” The 6-year-old continued, “Well, dogs already know how to do that, so they dont have to stay as long.”Id never heard a more soft-hearted explanation as to why animals lives are so short. It has changed the wa
39、y I live. I see every day as the day that my life could be easily taken away, so I try to live my life to the fullest.1. What was the matter with Coco?A. She had a stomachache. B. She had a headache.C. She was old and dying.D. She was hurt by her friend.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“They came to my clinic with th
40、eir dying dog, Coco. I examined Coco and found she was old and had a serious illness.”可知,Coco已经奄奄一息。答案：C2. Why was Eric so calm while patting the dog for the last time?A. Because he didnt know what was going on.B. Because he didnt know how to face Cocos death.C. Because he had another dog.D. Because
41、 he accepted Cocos death.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The little boy seemed to accept Cocos death without any difficulty.”可知小男孩已经接受了狗的死亡。答案：D3. What can we infer according to the passage?A. The vet didnt do anything for Coco.B. The vet makes an effort to live a full life.C. The vet has lived his life to the fu
42、llest.D. The vet will keep more dogs.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中最后一句“I see every day as the day that my life could be easily taken away, so I try to live my life to the fullest.”可知,作者认识到生命易逝,并且努力使生活更加充实。答案：B. 完形填空Like many perfectionists, I truly believed that self-sufficiency was a virtue. And 1 my brain was
43、so good at finding what it was looking for, I noticed every single time that idea got proved 2, and so I always had lots of 3that it really was better if I just handled everything myself.This kind of thinking, friends, was the 4 in disguise.My self-reliance came in handy when I was a kid in the 1970
44、s and in adulthood when I was an independent 5. Then, in the first years of6 the Organised Artist Company, I found myself 7 everything I could about websites, copywriting, graphic design, etc. Later whenever one of my business friends 8 about how her website was being held hostage(人质) to her designe
45、r, I 9 felt too satisfied. 10 if mistakes were made in my business, they were all mine.This was where my false 11 showed upin not wanting others to know I made mistakes. If I had other people 12me, they would see my errors and 13. Working alone, I could keep up a pretty good display of 14.But as the
46、 Organised Artist Company became increasingly 15, I realised I was doing harm to the people I was trying to serve by attempting to do everything myself. I was 16 my growth and the depth of my work.I had built a business with my own two hands, and I 17 with a business that I could hold in my own two
47、hands. It was cozy, 18limited in scope(范围).Once I was willing to control my ego(自我) and admitted that my vision of self-sufficiency was a 19, my business took a remarkable leap forward, and revenue 20. Little change, big difference.1. A. whileB. sinceC. beforeD. until解析：句意:因为我的大脑很擅长寻找它想要的东西。while虽然,
48、然而;since因为;before在之前;until直到为止。故选B。答案：B2. A. clearB. mistakenC. moralD. right解析：句意:我注意到每一次那个想法都被证明是正确的。clear清楚的;mistaken错误的;moral道德的;right正确的。故选D。答案：D3. A. evidenceB. experienceC. suggestionD. insurance解析：句意:所以我总是有很多证据来证明我自己处理所有的事情会更好。evidence证据,证明;experience经历;suggestion建议;insurance保险。故选A。答案：A4. A.
49、 magicB. devilC. sheepD. colleague解析：句意:这种想法,朋友们,是伪装的魔鬼。magic魔法;devil魔鬼;sheep羊;colleague 同事。故选B。答案：B5. A. workerB. physicianC. writerD. artist解析：句意:从20世纪70年代我是个孩子时,到成年后我成为一个独立的艺术家,我的自力更生一直很有用。worker工人;physician 医师;writer作家;artist艺术家。根据后边的the Organised Artist Company可知,当时“我”是个艺术家,故选D。答案：D6. A. runnin
50、gB. owningC. foundingD. hiring解析：句意:后来,在开始经营组织艺术家公司的那几年。run经营;管理;own有;found创办,发起;hire雇用。故选A。答案：A7. A. losingB. quittingC. learning D. rejecting解析：句意:我发现自己学习了关于网站、文案写作、图表设计等一切可以学的。lose失去;quit放弃;learn学习;reject拒绝。故选C。答案：C8. A. communicatedB. praisedC. answeredD. complained解析：句意:后来每当我的一个商业伙伴抱怨她的网站如何被她的设
51、计师控制时。communicate沟通,交流;praise表扬;answer回答;complain抱怨。故选D。答案：D9. A. doubtfullyB. seriouslyC. secretlyD. strangely解析：句意:我就暗自觉得满足。doubtfully怀疑地;seriously认真地;secretly秘密地;strangely奇怪地。故选C。答案：C10. A. At mostB. At lastC. At timesD. At least解析：句意:至少如果在我的生意中出了错误,它们都是我的。at most最多;at last最后,终于;at times有时,常常;at
52、least至少。故选D。答案：D11. A. principleB. prideC. anxietyD. annoyance解析：句意:这就是我不理性的骄傲出现的地方我不想让别人知道我犯了错误。principle 原则,法则;pride骄傲;anxiety焦虑;annoyance烦恼。故选B。答案：B12. A. helpingB. persuadingC. stoppingD. ignoring解析：句意:如果我让别人帮助了我。help帮助;persuade劝说;stop阻止;ignore忽视。故选A。答案：A13. A. statementsB. misjudgmentsC. argume
53、ntsD. agreements解析：句意:他们就会看到我的错误和错误的判断。statement声明,报告;misjudgment判断错误;argument争论;agreement协议,同意。故选B。答案：B14. A. rejectionB. imaginationC. excellenceD. patience解析：句意:独立工作,我可以保持一个很好的优秀形象。rejection 拒绝;imagination想象力;excellence优秀;patience耐心。故选C。答案：C15. A. difficultB. successfulC. boringD. relaxing解析：句意:但
54、是随着组织艺术家公司变得越来越成功,我意识到我是在用凡事都试图自己做来伤害我尽力服务的人。difficult困难的;successful成功的;boring无聊的;relaxing令人放松的。故选B。答案：B16. A. limitingB. designingC. creatingD. electing解析：句意:我限制了我的成长和工作的深度。limit限制;design设计;create创造;elect选举。故选A。答案：A17. A. came downB. got awayC. ended upD. tend to解析：句意:我用自己的双手建立了一个企业,最后我得到了一个我可以用自己的
55、双手握住的企业。come down下来,降落;get away离开,逃脱;end up结束;tend to往往,倾向于。故选C。答案：C18. A. butB. orC. soD. and解析：句意:它很舒适,但范围有限。but但是;or或者;so因此;and和。故选A。答案：A19. A. dreamB. virtueC. conceptD. trap解析：句意:当我愿意控制我的自我,并承认我的自给自足是一个陷阱时,我的生意就取得了巨大的飞跃,收入翻了一番。dream梦想;virtue美德;concept概念,观念;trap陷阱。故选D。答案：D20. A. replacedB. doubledC. droppedD. stayed解析：作者改变了自我的偏执,公司收益也增长了。replace 替代,取代;double加倍;drop下降;stay停留。故选B。答案：B