1、语法图解Section Grammar&Writing单元语法非谓语动词()探究发现In the story,a girl named Zhu Yingtai is stubborn and wants to go to school,but cant(go to school)because only boys are admitted.If he says hell come,he will(come).but the performance(that)I saw was the first time Turandot was staged inside the Forbidden Cit
2、y.This is the book(which)you were looking for yesterday.I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to(see the film)However,although he would like to(break his promise),he cannot break his promise and must allow Turandot to do as she wishes.Though(he is)young,he knows a lot.Once(the plan is)carrie
3、d out,the plan cant be changed.We shall start at eight,if(it is)convenient.If(it is)necessary,please call me up.He told me(that)he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.The boy said(that)you were too young to understand thematter and that he was asked not to tell you.我的发现(1)第组例句属于省略。(2
4、)第组例句为关系代词的省略。当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作时，可以省略。(3)第组为的省略。有时可用不定式符号“to”来替代上文中出现的不定式。(4)第组例句为的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语指的是同一人或物，且由人称代词的主格担当，而从句谓语中含有 be 动词时，可以把从句的主语和 be 动词一起省略。承前宾语不定式状语从句(5)第组例句为状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语为 it，谓语为 is/was时，可以将 省略。(6)第组体现的是当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的由连词 that 连接的时，只可省略连词 that 的情况。it is/was宾语从句第一个在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或
5、内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种替代省略。在此，我们只研究句法的省略和替代省略。一、省略在简单句中的应用1祈使句的省略。在祈使句中通常省略主语。(You)Do be careful of such things in the future.今后一定要小心此类事情。(You)Speak a little slower.I cant follow you.你讲慢一点，我跟不上你。2在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。(Is there)Anything else?(还有)其
6、他东西吗？3疑问句的答语省略。为避免重复而省略疑问句的答语，这也是常见的一种句式省略。Are you a student?Yes,I am(a student)你是一名学生吗？是的，我是(一名学生)。4感叹句的省略。目的是突出感叹的部分。What a beautiful girl(she is)!(她是)多漂亮的女孩呀！即时演练 1(1)单句语法填空(天津高考改编)Marys been offered a job in a university,but she doesnt want to take it.But?Its a very good chance.(2)写出下列句子的省略部分()A
7、ny questions?Are you tired?Yes,I am()What a hot day()!why Are there tired it is二、省略在并列句中的应用在并列句中，如果后面的分句与前面的分句有相同的部分，后一部分则常被省略掉，以免重复。He teaches English and his brother(teaches)maths.他教英语，他弟弟教数学。Your advice made me happy,but(your advice made)Tom angry.你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。即时演练 2(1)单句语法填空(全国卷改编)Jane wont jo
8、in us for dinner tonight and Tom wont.(2)合并句子My shirt is white.His shirt is blue.Tom turned on the radio.Tom listened to English.either My shirt is white and his blue.Tom turned on the radio and listened to English.三、主从复合句中的省略1宾语从句中的省略。宾语从句中，连词 that 常省略，但当有多个并列宾语从句时，只能省略第一个 that。I know(that)she is a
9、 teacher and that she is an excellent writer.我知道她是一个老师，也是一个优秀的作家。2状语从句中的省略。表示条件、时间、地点、方式或让步等的状语从句的谓语含有 be 动词，且主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是 it 时，常把从句的主语连同 be 动词一起省略。If so(If it is so),you must go back and get it.如果是这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。Look out for cars when crossing the street(when you are crossing the street)过马路时要当
10、心车辆。即时演练 3(1)单句语法填空(福建高考改编)The climate here is quite pleasant,the temperature rarely,ever,reaching 30 in summer.(湖南高考改编)Children,when (accompany)by their parents,are allowed to enter the stadium.(2)句型转换When you are listening to your teacher,you must be careful.When your teacher,you must be careful.Y
11、ou shouldnt come to his party unless you are invited.You shouldnt come to his party.if accompaniedlistening tounless invited3定语从句中的省略。若引导限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语，该关系代词一般可省略。The car(which/that)his father gave him as a birthday present was stolen.他父亲送给他的作为生日礼物的那辆汽车被盗了。即时演练 4 句型转换I bought two books in the b
12、ookstore and they are very interesting.The two books in the bookstore are very interesting.I bought四、不定式的省略1并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号 to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略 to。The book is intended to be read and not(to)be torn.这本书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的。The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not tomake it more di
13、fficult.新技术的目的是要让生活更轻松自在，而不是让生活更困难。2某些使役动词，如 make,let,have 等和感官动词，如 see,watch,notice,observe 等后面作宾补的不定式须省略 to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则 to 不能省略。My mother wouldnt let me go to see the film.我妈妈不会让我去看那部电影的。He was noticed to leave the office.有人注意到他离开了办公室。3不定式 to 后面的内容也可承前省略，此时所省略的成分相当于 do so，但一定要有上下文语境。但倘若承前省略的不定式
14、含有作助动词用的 have，be 的任何形式，to 后要保留原形 have 和 be。Would you like to study English with me?Yes,Id like to(study English with you)你愿意和我一起学英语吗？是的，我非常愿意(和你一起学英语)。Have you told Ann about her failure in the test?Yes,but I oughtnt to have(told her about it)你告诉安关于她考试不及格的事情了吗？是的。但是我本来不该告诉她。4介词 but,except(除了)前有实义动词
15、do 的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带 to。He could do nothing but give in to the robber.他只能屈服于劫匪了。即时演练 5(1)单句语法填空(全国卷改编)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not.(2)完成句子He will go to Beijing tomorrow if he (被允许)Did you buy milk?No,(我本打算买的),but the shop was shut.The workers were
16、 (被迫加班)We have nothing to do now (除了等)Im really puzzled (怎么想，怎么说).to is allowed toI meant tomade to work overtime but waithow to think and say五、替代性省略1在一些交际用语中，think,suppose,expect,believe,guess,hope 等后常用 so,not 替代上文出现的内容。Do you believe he lied?I believe not.你相信他撒谎了吗？我不相信。2so,nor,neither 常用于句首替代前面提到的
17、情况。If Joes wife wont go to the party,neither will he.如果乔的妻子不去参加晚会，那乔也不会去。3if so,if any 中的 so 和 any 用来替代前面的情况。即时演练 6 完成句子Everyone believes the plan is practical.What about you?(我不这么认为)Do you think he will win the game?(我希望不)Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report of Jason,and (我也不满意)I dont thi
18、nk so I hope notneither was I单元写作人物介绍写作技法指导写人物介绍时，应包括人物(who)、时间(when)、地点(where)、主要事件(what)等内容。写作时，要做到主题鲜明、内容清楚、结构完整。其内容包括：1姓名、时间、地点(Name,Time,Place)2教育情况(Education)3性格、品质(Characters/Qualities)4兴趣爱好(Interest/Hobbies)5成就(Achievements)6评价(Evaluation)积“黄金”词句，写高分文章1介绍人物的姓名、出身的常用形式She was born in Poland o
19、n Nov.7,1867.a great scientist with the name EinsteinAbraham Lincoln,the son of a poor family,was born in Kentucky on February 12,1809.Born of a poor clerks family,Charles Dickens had little schooling.2描述人物外貌的常用词语good-looking 长得好看的，funny-looking 长相滑稽的，ugly-looking 长得难看的，ordinary-looking 长相一般的，white-
20、haired 白头发的，pretty 漂亮的，bright 聪明的3描述性格特征的常用词语warm-hearted 热心肠的，kind-hearted 好心的，absent-minded 心不在焉的，bad-tempered 脾气不好的，easy-going 温和宽容的，diligent 勤奋的，humorous 幽默的，silent 沉默的，attractive 有吸引力的，talkative 多话的4表达人物兴趣和爱好的常用词或短语like 喜欢，love 喜爱，be interested in 对感兴趣，be fond of 喜欢，hate 憎恨，be tired of 对厌倦，be c
21、razy about 对极度喜欢，enjoy 喜欢，lose interest in 对失去兴趣5描述人物心情的常用词语sad 难过的，happy 高兴的，excited 兴奋的，pleased 高兴的，satisfied 满意的，angry 生气的，worried 担心的，disappointed 失望的，terrified 恐惧的，friendly 友好的，anxious 焦虑的，curious 好奇的，eager 急切的三步写作规范题目要求假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友 Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给 Jim 回信，
22、内容包括：1该人物是谁；2该人物的主要贡献；3该人物对你的影响。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim，Yours，Li Hua第一步：搜索词汇1收到来信 2我最喜欢的中国历史人物3和分享4关于/至于5肯定是6介绍现代科技和思想7主修hear frommy favorite figure in Chinese historyshare.with.as for must beintroduce modern technologies and ideasmajor in第二步：由词造句1从你上次的邮件中得知你要我告诉你我最喜欢的中国历史人物。我很高兴与你分
23、享。your last mail that you ask me to,Im more than glad to.2关于我最喜欢的历史人物，那一定是魏源。他是晚清一位伟大的思想家。my favorite figure in Chinese history,a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.Knowing fromtell youshare that with youmy favorite figure in Chinese historyAs forit must beWei Yuan3在他的书海国图志中，他将现代科技和思想介绍到了中国。He,i
24、n his book,Haiguo Tuzhi(Maps and Records of the World),.4事实上，他激励我在大学里主修英语专业，架起中国和世界的桥梁。In fact,he,to be a bridge between China and the world.introduced modern technologies and ideas to Chinainspires me to major in English in college第三步：连句成篇Dear Jim，Its great to hear from you.Knowing from your last m
25、ail that you ask me to tell you my favorite figure in Chinese history,Im more than glad to share that with you.As for my favorite figure in Chinese history,it must be Wei Yuan,a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.He,in his book,HaiguoTuzhi(MapsandRecordsoftheWorld),introduced modern technologies
26、 and ideas to China.That opened our eyes to the world.In fact,he inspired me to major in English in college,to be a bridge between China and the world.Interested in knowing more?I can find you some books!Just let me know.Cheers!Yours，Li Hua课时跟踪检测.单句语法填空1In the car accident the child was hurt,but the
27、 mother(kill)2Would you like to go with us?Yes,Id like.3Have you got any particular plans for the coming winter vacation?Yes.possible,Im going to visit my grandparents.killed toIf 4Though rich,he makes his effort to help those in poverty.5 it not been for our teachers,wed never have been able to ent
28、er this university.6Girls used to take fewer advanced math courses than boys but now they are taking just many.7What do you think made Mary so upset?(lose)her bicycle.not HadasLosing 8The results of the medical check-up suggested that my father was in poor health,so the doctor suggested that he (giv
29、e)up smoking and take more exercise.9Why didnt you come to my birthday party yesterday evening?You promised to come!I would,but I had to look after my little sister.10We will have a meeting next week,but we dont know.(should)give havewhere.将下列句子中省略的成分补充完整1Tom must have been playing basketball and Ma
30、ry()doing her homework.2You havent lost the ticket,have you?I hope not().I know its not easy to get another one at the moment.3Unless()necessary,youd better not call me.4He wants to move abroad but his parents wonder why()must have beenI hope I havent lost the ticket it ishe wants to move abroad5()P
31、ity that I didnt go to Marys birthday party yesterday.6Why were you absent from school last Friday?()Because my mother was ill.7She wants to come but her parents wont allow her to()8All I want()is go to school and study hard.It is aI was absent from school cometo do.完成句子(用省略句)1被当作一个正常孩子对待对他而言是多么美妙的一
32、件事啊！to be treated like a normal child!2我希望做完工作回家。I hope to finish my job and.3有谁要喝一杯吗？want a drink?How beautiful for him go back homeAnyone4我去了市场，买了点有用的东西，一小时之内就回家了。I went to the market,(I)bought something useful,and.5你本该在离开前谢谢她。我本打算这么做，但当我就要离开的时候我却哪儿也找不到她了。You should have thanked her before you left.,but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.returned home within an hourI meant to “课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测(三)”(单击进入电子文档)谢谢 观 看