1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家集释(一) “语境考查类”语法项目第一讲 冠_词单句语法填空1(2015全国卷语法填空)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.2(2015广东高考语法填空)Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned a farm, which
2、 looked almost abandoned.3(2015浙江高考改编)Janes grandmother had wanted to write a childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in the way.4(2015陕西高考改编)The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually becomes.5(2015重庆高考改编)I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a g
3、unman wearing a mask.一、不定冠词(一)不定冠词的基本用法1表示泛指某个人或事物。I met a friend of yours today as I hurried off to work.今天我在赶着去上班的路上遇到了你的一位朋友。2用在第一次提到的单数可数名词前，表示泛指。My friend John is a handsome young man, a young man everyone likes to work with.我的朋友约翰是一个英俊的年轻人，一个人人都喜欢与他共事的年轻人。3表示“某一个”，相当于a certain。I remember he ca
4、me here on a Sunday and left soon.我记得他在某个星期天来过，并且很快就离开了。4用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。He missed the gold medal in the high jump, but he will get a second chance in the long jump.他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。5用在形容词的比较等级前，表示“一个更的”。If we sit near the front of the bus, well have a better view.如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，视野就会更好些。6用
5、于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。物质名词或抽象名词仅表示概念时，是不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词。但如果表示具体的人或事，特别是前面有形容词修饰时，就变成了可数名词，前面可加不定冠词。Tony is a famous pianist. Im absolutely certain that his concert this Sunday will be a success.托尼是一位著名的钢琴家，我十分确信这个星期天他的音乐会一定成功。(二)固定搭配中的不定冠词不定冠词常用于某些固定搭配中，常见的有：have a gift for有的天赋have a holiday度假get a lift/ride
6、搭便车 pay a visit to参观lend sb. a hand帮助某人 as a result因此as a rule通常，照例 in a hurry匆忙地at a distance离一段距离 a waste of的浪费What a pity！真遗憾！ be/go on a diet节食a collection of一批 a knowledge of知道have a good time玩得高兴 make a living谋生as a matter of fact事实上 have a history of有历史in a sense/way在某种意义上 for a while暂时，一时all
7、 of a sudden突然 a matter of的问题have a population of有人口cover an area of占的面积You can ask anyone for help. Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.(2014安徽高考单选)你可以向任何人求助，这里的每个人都乐意帮助你。二、定冠词(一)定冠词的基本用法1特指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人或物。I went to a university in New Zealand. The university was founded in the early twent
8、ieth century.我在新西兰的一所大学就读，这所大学建立于20世纪初。2用于单数可数名词或形容词前，表示一类人或物。As we all know, the brain is the centre of thought.众所周知，大脑是思维的中心。As a matter of fact, the rich arent always happy.事实上富人并非总是快乐的。“theadj.”表示一类人的常用短语：the rich富人the dead死者the poor穷人 the aged老人the old老人 the living活着的人the young年轻人 the injured/w
9、ounded受伤的人 3用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only, very, same等之前。Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。Now, years later, this river is one of the most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.(2014全国卷语法填空)在数年之后的现在，这条河成为了环境治理的最突出的范例之一。4用于被限制性修饰语加以限制的人或物前。The village wh
10、ere I was born has grown into a town.(2014陕西高考单选)我出生的村庄已变成了一个城镇。5用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用于整十的数词复数前，表示某个年代。As is well known to us all, the Second World War broke out in the thirties.众所周知，二战爆发于30年代。6用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。7用于世界上独一无二的事物前。No one knows
11、 exactly how the moon came into existence, as it happened so long ago.没有人确切知道月球是怎样形成的，因为这发生在很久之前。8用于被演奏的西洋乐器前。As far as I know, he likes playing the piano.据我所知，他喜欢弹钢琴。(二)固定结构及固定短语中的定冠词1固定结构中的定冠词(1)用于“bythe表示计量单位的名词”结构中，表示“按计算”。Its said that John will be in a job paying over D|S60,000 a year.Right, h
12、e will also get paid by the week.据说，约翰将获得一个年薪超过6万美元的工作。是的，他的工资还将按周支付。(2)用于“动词sb.介词the身体某一部位”结构中。His nose bled when the thief hit him in the face.那个贼打到了他的脸，他鼻子出血了。(3)用于the more . the more .(越越)结构中。The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越小心，就会越少犯错误。2固定短语中的定冠词at the moment此刻；目前in t
13、he end 最后，最终to tell the truth说实话 on the other hand另一方面by the way顺便说一下 in the middle of在中间at the same time同时 on the contrary相反on the whole总的来说 in the distance在远处to the point 中肯；切题make the most/best of充分利用go to the cinema/theater去看电影/戏剧Now that you have such a good chance, youd better make the best of
14、 every minute to achieve your goal.既然你有这么好的一次机会，你最好充分利用每一分钟去实现你的目标。三、零冠词(一)零冠词的基本用法下列情况下不用冠词。1表示泛指的不可数名词或复数名词前。Keeping a diary is a good habit, by which youll make great progress.记日记是一个可以让你取得巨大进步的好习惯。Telephones are still playing an important role in peoples life.电话在人们的生活中仍然起着重要的作用。2表示月、季、星期、节假日、洲、三餐
15、、球类、学科、棋类名词前。A year can be divided into four seasons spring, summer, autumn and winter.一年可以分为四季春、夏、秋、冬。3与by连用的表示交通工具、通讯工具的名词前。Are you going there by plane or by ship?你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？4系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时。After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.多年的努力之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一位好经理。5表示头衔和
16、职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时。Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”这所学校的校长彼得斯彭斯博士告诉我们说：“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”(二)固定结构及固定短语中的零冠词1固定结构中的零冠词“零冠词单数名词as/though主语谓语，主句”，意为“虽然但是”。Young man as he is, he has seen much of the world.尽管他很
17、年轻，但他阅历很丰富。2固定短语中的零冠词on purpose故意地by chance碰巧catch fire着火 at dawn在黎明face to face面对面 out of date过时的make room for让位 in debt负债in shape健康 on foot步行in danger在危险中 side by side并排from time to time不时地 hand in hand手拉手day after day日复一日地 heart and soul全心全意地Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually d
18、oes pushups too to stay in shape.(2014江苏高考单选)汤姆总是在早上慢跑，他通常也做俯卧撑来保持健康。典题精选我来改正常设误点(2014陕西高考)That day I didnt learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!(2016邢台市高三摸底考试)But he had only an 100yuan note.(2016嘉峪关市一中三模)He was an European billionaire who got e
19、verything he wanted.aananaana(1)不定冠词a和an的错用在元音音素前应用不定冠词an；在辅音音素前应用不定冠词a；有些单词以元音字母开头但却是以辅音音素开头，前面应用冠词a而不用an；还有一些单词以辅音字母开头但却是以元音音素开头，前面应用冠词an而不用a。(2015全国卷)One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parents . A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.(2016郑州二模)Most of us f
20、eel nervous whenever were taking the important exam.shop前的athethean(2)不定冠词a(n)和定冠词the的错用表示特指时用定冠词the；表示泛指时用不定冠词a(n)。(2013全国卷)This custom soon became another meal of day.(2016江西九校联考)Forrest Gump was born in small village.在day前加the在in和small之间加a(3)单数可数名词前冠词的缺失一般情况下，单数可数名词前应有适当的冠词a(n)或the。 a(n)表示类指或泛指，t
21、he 表示特指。(2013浙江高考)Tomorrow is first day of school.(2016衡水一中模拟)In order to realize his dream, Bill Gates, richest man in the world, gave up studying in Harvard University.在first前加the在richest前加the(4)定冠词the的缺失在序数词前常用定冠词the；在形容词最高级前也常用定冠词the。(2014全国卷)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around t
22、he classroom buildings.(2016南昌市一模)I think its a great fun and I can make more friends.去掉flowers前的the去掉great前的a(5)冠词的多余可数名词复数或不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。(2015浙江高考)I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. (2014全国卷)As result, the plants are growing everywhere.在hurry前加a在result前加a(6)常见固定搭配
23、中冠词的缺失与多余在固定搭配中，有的用不定冠词a(n)，有的用定冠词the，而有的不带任何冠词，如：in a hurry, on the right, in fact, as a result, as a result等。.单句语法填空1(2016济南外国语学校模拟)Nowadays, how we can take good care of the old is becoming a hot and serious topic.2(2016大庆质量检测二)If I were ever short of cash and couldnt afford to do anything much,
24、which in those days was usually the case, I could always go outside and take a look around.3(2016泰安二模)It was a burninghot, summers day and I was longing to go swimming at the local pool. Instead, I was riding in the back seat of the car as my parents drove to a friends house.4(2016江西八校一模)He tapped h
25、er on the shoulder, “Hi! I have been looking for you for such a long time！”5(2016长春调研考试)Today the Internet is playing an important and essential role in our life.6(2016枣庄模拟)First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you can never get a second chance to make first impressions.7(2016石家庄二模)Our
26、destination was Orewa, a seaside town.8(2016青岛自主诊断)After a short silence, the man told the doctor that he seized all the money that his father gave to his brother, who was abroad.9(2016郑州高三二模)Its a pleasure for me to be here to speak to such a distinguished group from all over the world.10(2016南阳一中三
27、模)Imagine falling towards the planet Earth at an awesome speed of 300 kilometers per hour.11(2016济南高考模拟)When he became a doctor, he tapped peoples chests to see how much liquid was in their lungs. Laennec did the same and learned to tell by tapping carefully on a chest whether it was diseased or not
28、.12(2016大庆市二轮复习检测)I should be very interested to meet the man who threw the stone you mentioned in the newspaper.单句改错1(2016银川质量检测短文改错)This afternoon I went to see my grandfather by a bus.去掉a2(2016贵州监测二短文改错)With English being widely used in the world, it is playing a more and more important role. For
29、 example, a French and Chinese cant speak each others language.Chinese前加a3(2016赣州模拟短文改错)He became a engineer instead and spent most of his time studying car design.aan4(2016衡水中学二模短文改错)Second, we must set the goal, which motivates us to pursue our dreams.thea5(2016山东省实验中学一模短文改错)Im Li Hua and Im writi
30、ng to apply for the assistant post you advised on Internet.on后加the6(2016豫东、豫北十所名校联考短文改错)There is no doubt that English has become an universal language nowadays.ana7(2016呼和浩特调研短文改错)If you want to make a progress, you need to put your heart into your study and work hard.去掉a8(2016吉林省第二次调研短文改错)I borrow
31、ed story book from the library the other day and took it home.story前加a.语法填空(2016河北衡水中学三模)It was a busy day at the grocery store and an old couple were in line behind me with birthday balloons.From _1_ they said, I knew their nephew had a twin and something bad happened to the baby at birth. Though t
32、hey did all they could _2_ (help) them but times were tough for them.They seemed to be too nervous and were too _3_ (anxiety) to leave, so I asked _4_ they wanted to go ahead of me or not. They didnt understand what I _5_ (mean) at first. After knowing it, they were very appreciative. But they stood
33、 behind me.At that time I knew it had to be a significant day to them. Nothing could be _6_ (good) if someone offered to help them. So I told the cashier to add the balloons to my purchases. The old couple refused at first _7_ I insisted. I said, “You tell your sweet nephew that there are still nice
34、 people left who wanted to give them _8_ hand in this world.” They thanked me over and over and the cashier was moved to tears, _9_ (say) there was an angel in her line today.That little act of _10_ (kind) made everyone who saw it feel good but it made me feel the best of all!1what介词后接宾语从句，设空处为连接代词，
35、此处表示“从他们所说的话”，故填what。2to help此处作目的状语，故用动词不定式。3anxious该词在系动词be之后且有too修饰，故用形容词anxious。4whether此处为宾语从句的连接词，表示“是否”，且与or not搭配，故用whether。5meant此处为宾语从句的谓语动词，主句为一般过去时，所以从句也用一般过去时。6better否定词与比较级连用表示最高级的含义。7but此处表示转折关系，故用but。8agive sb. a hand为固定短语，意为“帮助某人”。9saying此处作状语，非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。10kindness介词o
36、f后应用名词，故填kindness。an act of kindness“善行”。.短文改错(2016烟台市二模)I was not good in math in the first year of junior high school. Having been failed so many times in math exams, I was anxious about the subject. Every time I tried hardly to work out a math problem, I was afraid of making mistakes, that really
37、 made me feel helpless. Luckily, I met a nice math teacher in second year. She told me that I didnt need to worry about making mistakes because I could find out my shortcomings through my mistake. She always encouraged myself to try again whenever I make a mistake. Thanks to my teachers encouragemen
38、t, I became interesting in math and made rapid progress. My experience proves that failure was the mother of success and that we can learn a lot from our mistakes.答案：第一句：第一个inat第二句：去掉been第三句：hardlyhard; thatwhich第四句：second前加the第五句：mistakemistakes第六句：myselfme; makemade第七句：interestinginterested第八句：was
39、is第二讲 代_词单句语法填空1(2015全国卷语法填空)A few hours before, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with its (it) choking smog.2(2015广东高考语法填空)Now it occurred to him (he) that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.3(2014全国卷语法填空)Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a s
40、uitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! Its me/mine (I)”4(2014广东高考语法填空)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said it was a wonderful holiday destination.5(2014全国卷语法填空)The river was so polluted that it actually
41、 caught fire and burned.6(2015陕西高考改编)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.一、人称代词形式句法功能主格I, we, you, he, she, it, they主要用作主语，有时用作表语宾格me, us, you, him, her, it, them作动词或介词的宾语；口语中常用宾格作表语She was beautiful and could run faster than others.她(那时)很美并且比
42、其他人跑得快。Give me a challenge, and I will meet it with joy.让我迎接挑战，我会欣然接受。二、物主代词形式句法功能形容词性物主代词my, our, your, his, her, its, their作定语名词性物主代词mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs作主语、宾语或表语He invited some friends of his to his party.他邀请了他的一些朋友参加宴会。三、反身代词形式句法功能myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,
43、ourselves, yourselves, themselves作宾语、表语或同位语The child looked at himself in the mirror with interest.那个孩子饶有兴趣地看着镜子里的自己。含有反身代词的习惯用语：by oneself独自地for oneself亲自come to oneself苏醒；恢复知觉 dress oneself自己穿衣behave yourself举止规矩有礼 devote oneself to致力于apply oneself to专心致志于 help oneself to随便吃/用enjoy oneself玩得开心 sea
44、t oneself就座，入席make yourself at home别客气 teach oneself自学adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于 四、指示代词指示代词用法this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this可指下文将要谈到的人或物that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that 可指上文提到过的人或物such指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数so代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情，意思是“如此，这样”。在believe, think, expect, suppose, imagine, guess等词
45、后用so代替前文提出的观点The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.(2015天津高考单选)这所规模很小的学校的教学质量比有些规模较大的学校的教学质量还要好。Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds.(2012浙江高考单选)研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。Such are my friends who will
46、 never fail to help me when needed.我的朋友们就是这样：永远会在我需要他们时伸出援手。Is James coming tonight?I think so, but Im not sure.詹姆斯今晚会来吗？我想会的，但我不能肯定。五、不定代词(一)不定代词的基本用法不定代词用法each/both/alleach指“(两者或两者以上物或人中的)每个”；both表示“两者都”；all指“(三者或三者以上物或人中的)所有，全部”either/neithereither表示“(两者中的)任何一个”；neither表示“两者都不”none/nothingnone表示“
47、(三者或三者以上)全无，没有一点”；nothing表示“没有任何东西，没有事”anotheranother泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一，又一”other/othersother泛指“其余的，另外的”，只作定语。other可数名词复数othersthe other/the othersthe other特指“(两者之中的)另一个”。the other可数名词复数the othersAs the two dictionaries are useful, Ill take both and either of them is very important to me.因为这两本字典有用，我把两本
48、字典都带上，每一本对我而言都很重要。Would you like to go shopping with me on Saturday or Sunday?Im sorry. Neither will suit me. Ill be away on business during that period.星期六或星期天陪我去购物好吗？对不起。那两天都不行。我那段时间将正在出差。You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea.你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。Neither side is prepa
49、red to talk to the other unless we can smooth things over between them.除非我们能够消除他们之间的矛盾，否则他们双方都不打算与对方讲话。(二)复合不定代词的用法某任何每个；所有没有人someone/somebodyanyone/anybodyeveryone/everybodyno one/nobody物somethinganythingeverythingnothingThere is something in his words. We should have a try.他说的话不无道理，我们应该试一试。This pr
50、oject requires close teamwork. Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.(2013安徽高考单选)这个项目需要密切的团队合作，除非我们通力合作，否则将一事无成。(三)表示数量的不定代词的用法代词用法表示意义含义few修饰可数名词否定含义几乎没有a few修饰可数名词肯定含义几个；一些little修饰不可数名词否定含义几乎没有a little修饰不可数名词肯定含义少量；一点点many修饰可数名词肯定含义许多much修饰不可数名词肯定含义许多Few of us can speak four foreig
51、n languages.我们当中很少有人会说四种外语。I have a few friends, but my younger sister has very few.我有一些朋友，但我妹妹几乎没有朋友。She can speak a little French, but she knows little English.她能讲点法语，但她几乎不懂英语。六、it的用法1it用作人称代词，用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.史密斯一
52、家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。2it指时间、距离、天气等。Its 112 miles from London to Birmingham.从伦敦到伯明翰有112英里。3it 用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.独居而不和他人来往没有好处。(it作形式主语，动名词短语living alone without .为真正的主语)No matter where he is, he makes
53、 it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。(it作形式宾语，动词不定式to go for .为真正的宾语)He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。(it作形式宾语，从句when and where . 为真正的宾语)知识积累常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式：It is a pity/shame that .真可惜/丢人It is no wonder that . 难怪It seems/appe
54、ars that . 似乎/看起来It looks/seems as if/though . 看起来好像It happens that . 碰巧It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that . 某人突然想起It is said/reported/announced/believed/hoped/suggested that . 据说/据报道/据宣布/人们 认为/人们希望/人们建议It is no use/good/a waste of time doing sth. 做某事没有用/好处/浪费时间It takes sb. some time to do
55、sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间主语表示情感倾向的动词或动词短语(enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate, rely/count on等)itthat/if/when .I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration.如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to change his mind.As is known to us all, he is so stu
56、bborn.试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。众所周知，他是如此固执。典题精选我来改正常设误点(2015浙江高考)Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.(2016太原市模拟)I often watched them carefully so as to learn his techniques.themithistheir(1)代词单复数的错用人称代词、物主代词以及反身代词等都有单复数之分，要根据上下文确定单复数。(2013陕西高考)We took ours fishing poles
57、 and headed for the lake. (2016太原市测评)Ive always been dreaming of having an opportunity to travel in Englishspeaking countries like your to practise and improve my English.oursouryouryours(2)物主代词的错用形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，不能单独使用，常用来修饰名词；名词性物主代词相当于名词，常单独使用，不能修饰名词。(2013全国卷)He had a deep voice, which set himself
58、 apart from others in our small town, and he was strong and powerful.(2016洛阳高三一模)First of all, you should respect you or no one would respect you.himselfhim第二个youyourself/yourselves(3)反身代词与人称代词的错用反身代词是指代主语的，使动作的发出者把动作反射到本人身上；若所用代词与主语不一致，就要用人称代词而不用反身代词。(2015陕西高考)I wanted to do anything special for hi
59、m at his retirement party. (2015四川高考)Its been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many. (2013浙江高考)Dad lost his job, and as Mom explained, “He was lucky to find other one.”anythingsomethingmanymuchotheranother(4)不定代词的错用some(thing)与any(thing)：一般来说前者用于肯定句，后者用于疑问句和否定句；many与much：many代替可数名词，much代替不
60、可数名词；the other与another：表示“两者中的另一个”用the other，而表示“(三者以上)另外的一个”用another。(2014四川高考)Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm goes off . If its a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.usyou(5)代词与其所指代的对象不符代词主要是用
61、来代替其他实义词或上下文意义的，因此代词应与其指代的对象相符。否则就会出现代词指代错误。.单句语法填空1(2016曲阜市三校模拟)It has to wait patiently and pitifully for its owner to claim it, otherwise itll remain alone as a deserted umbrella.2(2016三门峡市考前适应性训练)She remembered how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.3(2016济宁模拟
62、)I just choose a simpler lifestyle, one where I can ride my bike all over and do not have to make a great living to survive.4(2016威海模拟)Some people take great pleasure in helping and giving to someone else while others feel happy doing the opposite.5(2016长春新高三起点调研)For one thing, it can provide a colo
63、rful platform to show their talent. For another,_it is a useful way to release their pressure.6(2016河南省考前质量检测二)The less skin a person has relative to his weight, the easier it is for him to keep warm.7(2016聊城三模)When I was on the airplane, I kept telling myself that I had to be strong when facing any
64、 troubles or problems.8(2016三门峡市考前适应性练习)She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please him.9(2016石家庄二模)“Speed up. 70 km/h isnt fast enough. You are holding up the traffic，” another voice ordered from t
65、he seat next to mine/me (I)10(2016贵州质量检测)When he came to life, he found himself lying on the ground, bleeding in the head.11(2016江西高安中学模拟)I hope my parents wont try to force me to do their (they) favorite job.12(2016云南第一次检测)Meeting my favorite football star face to face was an unforgettable moment,
66、one I will always treasure.单句改错1(2016南昌调研短文改错)Unluckily, all of the boys got poisoned and had stomachaches with our faces pale.ourtheir2(2016山西四校第二次联考短文改错)I sincerely hope you can give us a chance. Im looking forward to your early reply.usme3(2016河南洛阳统考短文改错)I just smiled to me and thought “What can
67、I do? They are guests after all.”memyself4(2016兰州模拟短文改错)Twentysix percent of the students say that English stories are his favorite.histheir5(2016云南第一次统一检测短文改错)Shortly after he arrived in Germany, he found easy to steal subway rides.found后加it6(2016长春质量监测二短文改错)I am writing to express my interest in y
68、our recently advertised position as a secretary of English. Here I would like to introduce me briefly.memyself7(2016大连双基测试短文改错)In my opinion, this is our duty to help those who are in trouble.thisit8(2016江西九江三模短文改错)Mysterious and classic decorations from the owners collection make that more pleasant
69、 for drinkers to sit there and enjoy fine tea.thatit.语法填空(2016甘肃普通高中第一次联考)The truth _1_ trees are vital to our life is not a secret. They provide us with food, wood and most _2_ (important), oxygen. Now there is one more thing we can add to this list blocking out harmful bacteria from water.The disc
70、overy _3_ (make) by a team consisting of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and high school students _4_ were seeking a natural water filter one that would help communities in developing countries that do not have _5_ (accessible) to modern water filter systems.The _6_ (
71、research), led by Professor Rohit Karnik, decided to turn to trees for help because they could allow liquid to flow through, while blocking out air bubbles.They began by cutting 1.5inchwide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree. The people related then tested the woods filteri
72、ng ability by pouring water _7_ (contain) red dye particles of different sizes through. _8_ their amazement, they found that it was effective in trapping all the particles. _9_ (encourage), the team conducted _10_ experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria. Sure enough, the sapwood hel
73、d back 99% of the bacteria, allowing only 1% to flow through.语篇解读：树木对于我们的日常生活非常重要。它们不仅给我们提供食物、木材，最重要的是它们还给我们提供生存必需的氧气。除此之外，树木对于我们的生活还有一个非常重要的作用，即它们可以阻止有害细菌进入我们的水源。1that“_1_ trees are vital to our life”作The truth的同位语，所填词在同位语从句中不作句子成分，故用that。2importantlymost importantly(最重要的是)置于句首，修饰后面的整个句子，相当于It is t
74、he most important that .3was made本句在讲述过去的事情，故用一般过去时；主语the discovery与make为被动关系，故用被动语态。4who/that先行词为high school students，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用who/that引导。5accesshave access to“接近，可以利用”。6researchers根据上下文语境可知此处应该填入名词复数researchers。此处指“这些由Professor Rohit Karnik带领的研究人员”。7containingwater与contain是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作后置
75、定语。8Toto ones amazement“使某人吃惊的是”。9Encouragedencourage与主语the team之间为逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。10another上文已说到他们做了一个实验，此处表示受到第一个实验结果的鼓舞，他们又做了一个实验。another“另一，再一”。.短文改错(2016长春外国语学校高三期末)A survey basing on 1,000 students found that 80% of senior students sleep less than nine hours every night. One main reason li
76、es at students bad habits. Too much homework is given by school teachers is another main cause. Some students are absentminded while doing their homework, and some wasting their afterclass time. The third cause is that some students have to get up earlier on weekday to get to school that was far awa
77、y from home. Experts think an amount of homework for the students should be cut down. Beside, teachers should encourage their students make good use of their spare time. Only in this way can the students improve our study efficiency.答案：第一句：basingbased第二句：atin第三句：去掉第一个is第四句：wastingwaste第五句：weekdaywee
78、kdays; wasis第六句：anthe第七句：BesideBesides; make前加to第八句：ourtheir第三讲 介词与介词短语单句语法填空1(2015全国卷语法填空)For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.2(2015全国卷语法填空)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to c
79、ool the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.3(2015广东高考语法填空)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.4(2014全国卷语法填空)I got a place next to the window, so I had a good vi
80、ew of the sidewalk.5(2014广东高考语法填空)I didnt understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.6(2014辽宁高考语法填空)Dont laugh at me. I may look funny.一、介词1表示方位的at, in, on, to, beside/by和near介词用法示例at一般指在较小的地方I met him at the shop.in一般指在较大的地方，或在某一范围内They arrived
81、in Beijing yesterday.Shandong Province lies in the east of China.on一般指在物体的表面，或相邻并接壤的两个地域The picture is hanging on the wall.Vietnam is on the south of China.to表示某范围外不接壤的两位置Jiangsu Province is to the southeast of Hebei Province. beside/by“在的旁边”She was standing beside her mother.There is a small house
82、by the river.near“接近；靠近”There is a supermarket near my home.2表示方位的between和among介词用法示例between在两者或每两者之间I sat down between Sue and Jane.among在三者或三者以上之间The teacher was standing among the students.3表示方位的across, through, over和past介词用法示例across从的表面穿过He walked across the square to meet us.through从的内部穿过The gu
83、ide led us through the forest.over从的上面跨过The thief jumped over the fence and fled away.past从的旁边经过She walked past the shop.4表示时间点的at, in和on介词用法示例at表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日at 9：00; at noon; at daybreak; at Christmasin表示在某个较长的时间内，如世纪、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、下午、傍晚in the 21st century; in September; in the morningon表示在具体某一天或具
84、体某一天的上午、下午、晚上on 2nd, September; on the morning of 1st, May5表示时间段的for和since介词用法示例for“for时间段”意为“多长时间”，表示动作持续的时间长短，一般作完成时、过去时或将来时的时间状语He has lived in the small village for five years.I studied in Peking University for 4 years.since“since时间点”意为“自从(过去某时)以来”，作完成时的时间状语He has worked in this company since gr
85、aduation.Tom has been doing his homework since 7 oclock.6表示交通方式的by, in和on介词用法示例by“by名词”表示交通方式时，名词前不加冠词My brother usually goes to school by bike.in/onin/on后的名词必须有冠词或代词等修饰My father often goes to work in his car/on his bicycle.7表示“用”的by, in和with介词用法示例by指“靠手段，用方法，凭借”，后可接名词、代词或动名词He made a living by sell
86、ing newspapers when he was young.in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前All the applicants are required to fill in the form in ink.with多用于表示有形的工具或身体器官的名词前They are busy digging with spades.8表示“除外”的except, except for和besides介词用法示例except表示“除之外(其他的都)”，其后的宾语是被排除在外的，侧重同类事物的排除All my friends took part in the party except John.exc
87、ept for其后被排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.besides表示“除之外(其他的也)”，其后的宾语是被包括在内的He has learned German, French besides English.9其他常考介词的用法(1)against的用法含义示例(表示态度)反对An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.(表示对
88、比)以为背景The skiers red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.(表示方位)倚靠着The girl was leaning against the wall with her arms folded.(2)beyond的用法含义示例(表示位置)在另一边，在更远处The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.(表示时间)晚于He delayed the matter beyond the fixed time.(表示程度)超出，非所能及To be acknowledged as the
89、first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me.(3)over的用法含义示例(表示方位)越过The airplane flew over the mountains and disappeared in the distance.(表示等级或数目)高于，在之上，超过He has got the job because he has the advantage over others of knowing many languages.(表示时间或过程)在期间Im sorry I didnt phone you,
90、but Ive been very busy over the past couple of weeks.(4)to的用法含义示例(表示方向、距离)到，向，去It was on the way to the railway station.(表示时间)直到为止，到He wakes at a quarter to six every morning.(表示比较、比例、参照)与相比，相对于而言I prefer oranges to apples.(表示对象关系)属于，对，给The hospital is attached to the university.达到(某一点或某个限度)Temperat
91、ures dropped to 25 degrees below zero.(5)under的用法含义示例在下面，在之下She placed the ladder under the window.在过程中The possibility of employing more staff is still under discussion.(数字、数量、年龄或价格)低于，少于，在以下These toys are not suitable for children under five.受影响Shes been under a lot of pressure at work.(6)with的用法含义
92、示例和一起，和，同，跟Would you like to go shopping with me？(表示同时或同一方向)随着With time going by, the little tree has grown up.具有，带有The dictionary is what I want, but I dont have enough money with me.由于，因为He trembled with fear.(表示方式)用He cut it with a knife.二、介词短语介词的固定搭配考查有两种：一是考查固定搭配中的介词；二是考查介词短语。While staying in t
93、he village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything in return.(2014浙江高考单选)当詹姆斯住在这个村里的时候，他无私地把他的任何东西都与村民分享而不图任何回报。On behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.(2013辽宁高考单选)我代表在场的所有人祝你归国旅途愉快。知识积累介词的常用搭配一览1介词与名词的常用搭配(1)atn
94、.表示状态at a loss 不知所措at peace 处于和平中at war 在战争中 at work 在工作(2)其他以at开头的介词短语at the beginning of 在的开始at the cost of 以的代价at the risk of 冒的危险at the mercy of 在支配下；任由摆布(3)onn.表示状态on exhibition/show 在展出 on fire 着火on sale 出售，打折 on the way 在途中on the decrease/increase在减少/在增加on holiday/vacation 在度假on duty/guard 在值
95、班/站岗(4)其他以on开头的介词短语on account of 因为 on behalf of 代表on no account/condition 决不(5)byn.表示方式by accident 偶然 by air/plane 乘飞机by chance 偶然 by coincidence 碰巧by hand 用手工 by mistake 错误地by the day 按天算 by nature 天生地(6)inn.表示方式in cash 用现金付款 in width 在宽度上in depth 在深度上 in detail 详细地in size 在大小上 in height 在高度上in le
96、ngth 在长度上 in English 用英语(7)其他以in开头的介词短语in need of 需要in no case 决不in no time立刻 in no way 决不in place of 代替 in possession of 拥有，占有in addition to 另外 in charge of 掌管in response to作为回应 in return 作为回报in spite of 尽管 in exchange for 作为交换in favor of 支持，赞成in case of 万一；如果；假如in celebration of 为庆祝in control of 管
97、理；控制；操纵in honour of 为向表示敬意in memory of 为了纪念in support of 为支持in the charge of 在的管理下in the direction of 在方向in the face of 面对(8)ofn.表示特征(等于相应的形容词)of benefit 有益处的of help 有帮助的of importance 重要的 of significance 有意义的of use 有用的 of value 有价值的(9)out ofn.表示状态out of balance 失去平衡 out of breath 上气不接下气out of contro
98、l 不受控制 out of date 过期out of debt 不欠债 out of order 出故障out of shape 走样，不成形 out of sight 看不到out of the question 不可能 out of work 失业(10)undern.表示被动under attack 遭到袭击 under discussion 在讨论中under pressure 在压力下 under treatment 在治疗中under control 处于控制之中 under construction 在建造中(11)withn.表示方式with delight/joy 高兴地
99、with difficulty 困难地with ease轻而易举地 with fear 害怕地with pleasure 乐意地(12)beyondn.表示“超出，难以”beyond compare无与伦比 beyond reach够不到beyond description难以描述beyond doubt不用怀疑，确实地beyond expression/words难以表达2介词与形容词的常用搭配(1)beadj.aboutbe anxious about 忧虑be curious about 对好奇be particular about 对讲究/挑剔be worried/concerned
100、about 对担心(2)beadj.atbe angry at因生气 be good at擅长be astonished at对吃惊 be present at出席be disappointed at对失望(3)beadj.inbe absorbed in专注于 be active in积极于be dressed in穿着 be engaged in 忙于be rich in富含 be occupied in忙于be interested in对感兴趣be involved in包括在中，被卷入(4)beadj.forbe eager for渴望 be famous for以著名be fit
101、for适合，胜任 be hungry for渴望be ready for准备好 be sorry for对感到抱歉be thankful for因而感激be anxious for急切盼望，渴望be prepared for为做好准备(5)beadj.frombe absent from 缺席 be different from 不同于be far from 远离 be free from 不受影响(6)beadj.to be close to接近 be contrary to与相反be devoted to致力于 be equal to等于be familiar to 对来说熟悉 be fr
102、iendly to 对友好be good to对有好处 be grateful to对心存感激be harmful to对有危害 be kind to对友好be opposed to反对 be similar to与相似be/get used to (变得)习惯于(7)beadj.ofbe aware of意识到 be fond of喜欢be full of充满 be proud of因而自豪be short of缺乏 be tired of厌烦be ashamed of为感到羞耻(8)beadj.withbe busy with忙于 be filled with充满 be combined
103、with与结合 be content with对满意be covered with被覆盖 be familiar with对熟悉be patient with对有耐心 be popular with受的欢迎be satisfied with对满意be pleased with对感到满意by angry with (sb.)对(某人)发怒be concerned with与有关；涉及，关心，关注典题精选我来改正常设误点(2015全国卷)Tony saw a toy on a shop window.(2016云南省统一检测)The bridge on the river has a long h
104、istory.oninonover(1)介词与名词搭配不当介词与名词搭配时用哪一个介词取决于其后的名词，这时要根据名词选择适当的介词。(2014陕西高考)My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird.onat(2)介词与动词搭配不当介词与动词搭配时介词的使用取决于动词，这时要根据动词选择适当的介词。(2016潍坊市一模)You should eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich of vitamins.ofin(3)介词与形容词搭配不当介词与形容词搭配时介
105、词的使用是由形容词决定的，这时要根据形容词选择适当的介词。(2015四川高考)Please help with me and give me some advice.(2015陕西高考)My soccer coach retired in last week.去掉with去掉in(4)介词的多余及物动词后直接跟宾语，无需加介词；last, next后跟名词表时间时前面无需加介词。(2014四川高考)If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.wait后加fo
106、r(5)介词的缺失不及物动词后跟宾语时应加相应的介词。(2014浙江高考)If we could show concern to others on need, the world would be a better place to live in.onin(6)习惯搭配中介词的错用在习惯搭配中介词的使用是相对固定的，不能随意改动。.单句语法填空1(2016南昌二中模拟)The two brothers decided to leave at midnight, for they had many miles to cover.2(2016山东潍坊三模) The watches arrive
107、d in stores in late April. They are sold at different prices, beginning at $349.3(2016泰安二模)As an eightyearold boy, I spent most of that afternoon sitting in the shade while they sweated in the sunshine. 4(2016山东滕州5月模拟)Years afterward, the noblemans son was stricken by a serious disease.What saved hi
108、m？Penicillin.5(2016大庆市二轮复习检测)The advertisement said that a suitable house in a quiet area was up for sale at a reasonable price, and the house was within a stones throw of a railway station from which there were frequent trains to the big city.6(2016南昌二模)Our office wasnt far from Chinatown, where I
109、found some very good Chinese restaurants.7(2016济南二模)If you could exchange lives with someone for a short time, would you like to do that? 8(2016郑州高三诊断)He learned up with scientists from the Free University and divided a farm into eight irrigated areas.9(2016三门峡市考前适应性练习)Jane stopped where a small cro
110、wd of men had gathered.She found some good quality pipes on sale. 10(2016石家庄二模)I thought I was totally prepared for the journey, but nothing could have prepared me for my familys complaints.11(2016海口二模)With his incredible talent, Messi has surprised the world.12(2016济南二模)The girl in a red dress is m
111、y sister, and the red dress looks beautiful on her.单句改错1(2016济南模拟短文改错)Luckily, things have changed. Rubbish is always put into dustbins. People are friendly at animals.atto/toward(s) 2(2016山西四校联考短文改错)Gathering around here, we practise spoken English by talking about everything we are interested.inte
112、rested后加in3(2016南宁测试短文改错)I stared at everything as if I were looking at the first time.第二个atfor4(2016南昌一模短文改错)Im going to study in the senior middle school on September; I can live either at school or at home.onin5(2016大连测试短文改错)While waiting the ambulance, I took off my coat to keep the old man warm
113、.waiting后加for6(2016潍坊一模短文改错)As we all know, everyone has a dream. I have dreamed of being a doctor since I entered into the primary school.去掉into7(2016河南洛阳统考短文改错)She was so grateful about my help that she gave me a big hug when we were going to leave.aboutfor8(2016河北名校联盟监测二短文改错)I believe its the bes
114、t way to get close nature and enjoy its beauty.close后加to.语法填空(2016宁夏银川一中一模)Scientists have discovered that_1_ (stay) in the cold could help us lose weight.Researchers at the University of California found that exposure to the cold increases levels of a protein that helps form brown fat the type of f
115、at that produces heat and keeps us warm. Brown fat burns energy, _2_ helps us lose weight.White fat stores extra energy, which results_3_ weight gain.The researchers said that because air conditioning and heating give us constant, _4_ (comfort) temperatures, our bodys need for brown fat has decrease
116、d.They found that: “Outdoor workers in northern Finland who _5_ (expose) to cold temperature have_6_ significant amount of brown fat when_7_ (compare) to sameaged indoor workers.”The research was conducted on two different control groups of mice._8_ group was injected with the protein that helps cre
117、ate brown fat.This group later gained 30% less weight after both groups were fed highfat diets.The researchers say this could be good news in the fight against obesity.People who are obese have_9_ (low) levels of brown fat than thinner people.Head researcher Hei Sook Sul said: “This protein could be
118、come an important target for research into the treatment and prevention of obesity and obesityrelated diseases.” She added, “If you can somehow increase levels of this protein, you could_10_ (possible) lose more weight even if eating the same amount of food.”1staying句意：科学家们发现待在寒冷的环境中会有助于我们减肥。“_1_ (s
119、tay) in the cold ”作主语，且表示抽象概念，故用动名词作主语。2which句意：褐色脂肪燃烧热量，这可以帮助我们减肥。先行词为前面一句话，关系词在定语从句中作主语且表示“事”，故用which引导。3inresult in“引起，导致”。4comfortable设空处后为名词，故可判断设空处应用形容词作temperatures的定语。5are exposed设空处为定语从句的谓语动词，它需与先行词outdoor workers(名词复数)保持一致；此外outdoor workers与expose(使暴露)为被动关系，故用被动语态；由主句的谓语动词have判断用一般现在时。综上所述
120、答案为are exposed。6aa significant amount of 为固定搭配，意为“大量的”。7comparedcompared to 为固定搭配，意为“与相比”。8One根据上句的“two different control groups of mice”可判断此处用one。9lower根据语境中的“than”可判断此处应为形容词的比较级。10possibly设空处在句中作状语，故用副词形式。.短文改错(2016辽师大附中高三模拟)Though great progress has been made in science these years, but there are
121、 still many people living in poor conditions. They make their lives by collecting and selling used thing. Their children cannot go to school because they have not enough money to send their children to there. Why you think so many people still suffer from poverty now? The answer lies on the populati
122、on explosion. A president of a developing country once said, “It is us who are to blame for the poverty because we used to produce child without limit.” Although this few words sound simple enough, they have clear pointed out one of the causes of the population explosion.答案：第一句：去掉but第二句：livesliving;
123、 thingthings第三句：去掉there前面的to第四句：Why后加do第五句：onin第六句：uswe; childchildren第七句：thisthese; clearclearly第四讲 定语从句单句语法填空1(2015全国卷语法填空)Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese
124、paintings.2(2015广东高考语法填空)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market where people from the towns met regularly.3(2014全国卷语法填空)Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit which/that is driving your family crazy.4(2013广东高考语法填空)Nic
125、ks guests, who had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.5(2015江苏高考改编)The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.6(2015四川高考改编)The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.7(2015陕西高考改编)As the
126、smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.8(2015重庆高考改编)He wrote many childrens books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.一、关系代词引导的定语从句1who, whom, whose引导的定语从句(1)who 或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用th
127、at替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。I have many friends to whom Im going to send post cards.我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。(2)whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中
128、作定语。指物时相当于of which；指人时相当于of whom。The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。2that, which引导的定语从句(1)which指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constru
129、cted three years before.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。(2)限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that 不用which的情况：先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。The
130、 first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。They will never forget the t
131、hings and persons that theyve seen or heard of during their long journey.他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。(3)关系词只用which而不用that的情况：关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much.这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词关系代词”结构时。We live in an age in which more informa
132、tion is available with greater ease than ever before.我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。3as引导的定语从句(1)as 可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于“so/such/the same先行词as .”结构中。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时只能位于主句之后。He kept lying to me, which annoyed me greatly.他总是对我说谎，这事使我
133、很恼火。 (2)as 也可以引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句说明整个句子，可放在主句之前、之中或之后。常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：as the saying goes, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。“You cant judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相。”二、关系副词引导的定语从句1where 引导
134、的定语从句where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on .which”。Opposite is St.Pauls Church, where you can hear some lovely music.(2015北京高考单选)Opposite is St.Pauls Church, in which you can hear some lovely music.对面是圣保罗大教堂，你们在那里能听到一些动听的音乐。当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发
135、生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。You reach a point where medicine cant help.你到了药物无法治疗的地步。 2when 引导的定语从句when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during .which”结构。I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.(2014湖南高考单选)我正期盼那一天的到来，那时我女儿可以读这本书，并且了解我对她的感情。3why引导的定语从
136、句why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词forwhich”结构。Do you know the reason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting?你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？非限制性定语从句中，常用for which 表示原因而不用why。I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting.我把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。 三、“介词关系词”引导的定语从句1介词和关系代词的确定若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。
137、另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构。一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。(be devoted to “献身，致力于”)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far.(2012天津高考单选)我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么远。Recent
138、ly I bought an ancient vase, whose price(the price of which) was very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。2“of关系代词”引导的定语从句在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词的前、后表示整体与部分的关系可以用of which/whom。John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are family members.(2
139、013重庆高考单选)约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。3“介词where”引导的定语从句有时“介词where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。His head soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)典题精选我来改正常设误点(2016衡水市点睛金榜大联考)Its
140、 really lucky I came to a restaurant that I am known.thatwhere(1)关系代词与关系副词的错用关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语；关系副词在从句中作状语。(2013全国卷)Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.thatwhich(2)that与which的错用在不定代词、最高级、序数词等后用that；在非限制性定语从句
141、和介词后用which。(2016九江高三一模)The book, of whose the cover is broken is of great help to all of us.whosewhich(3)which和whose的错用在定语从句中，关系代词which在从句中常作主语或宾语，也可作定语，而whose只可作定语，“whosen.”相当于“then.of which”或“of whichthen.”。(2016嘉峪关市一中三模)There are many people think that wealth is better than health.在people后加who或th
142、inkthinking(4)关系词的缺失主要考查在there be结构中，容易受汉语影响而漏掉用作主语的关系词who/that/which等。.单句语法填空1(2016唐山一中仿真模拟一)The richest of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $41 billion, who made his money by starting the company Microsoft.2(2016海口二模)So, they looked around for a soccer club that/which would be able to do this f
143、or them.3(2016山东临沂二模)Ice bucket challenge is like the epidemic (流行病), which becomes popular around the world very quickly.4(2016三门峡市考前适应性练习)Jane paused in front of a counter where some attractive ties were on display.5(2016邢台高三摸底考试)Officer: Im afraid I cant do that, Madam. In school zones, Im requir
144、ed to give tickets to all drivers who/that break the rules. Its the law in this county.6(2016南阳一中二模)Freeflyers, as the name suggests, enjoy the more spontaneous (即兴的) thrill of doing their own things.7(2016青岛高三第二次统一质检)Its generally believed that this is the best play that was written by Jack.8(2016吉
145、林省实验中学模拟)Her boyfriend left in tears and a few days later sent a note to her, which said, “Please take good care of your eyes, my dear, because before they are yours, they were mine！”9(2016滕州4月模拟)Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.10(2016南阳一中二模)My unc
146、le has two daughters, both of whom are good students.11(2016滕州5月模拟)She dreamed of the day when the manager of the supermarket would say to her with a smile, “Madam, this is your lucky day. Everything in your basket is free.”12(2016江西鹰潭二模)The police must give the reasons why they are arresting him an
147、d tell him his rights under the law.单句改错1(2016大庆质量检测二短文改错)I finally knew the reason what she didnt talk to me and comforted her.whatwhy2(2016兰州模拟短文改错)However, the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those which prefer reading articles about learning methods.
148、whichwho3(2016唐山一模短文改错)I made friends with the daughter of my homestay family, which was a college student.whichwho4(2016长春质量监测二短文改错)I am a 25yearold young man graduated from the Foreign Languages Department of Jilin University.man后加who/that或graduatedgraduating5(2016青岛统一检测短文改错)You can also make more
149、 Chinese friends, they will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.theywho或they前加and6(2016南昌二模短文改错)For me the one scoring the most is the winner. But Tom said, “The one which tries his best is the real winner.”whichwho7(2016江西赣州模拟短文改错)He saw pictures of vehicles could climb up the sid
150、es of buildings. He made up his mind to design a better vehicle.could前加that/which8(2016石家庄二中模拟短文改错)They were deeply moved, most of them were with tears in their eyes.themwhom或most前加and.语法填空(2016河北省七校高三联合考试)When you decide youre going to live alone, you get upset. This is _1_(nature). But theres no n
151、eed to get _2_(worry). Below are some ideas _3_ can help you out.Saving money is _4_ you need to start several months before you move out. You need to save enough money _5_(help) you survive for at least a month in the new place. The _6_ (easy) of all ways is to spend less!Search for a place to live
152、 in before _7_(move) out. Make sure that the place you choose is in a good location. Besides, you can afford _8_. If youre going to stay in an expensive city, find a roommate so that you can share the expenses.And if you have to live _9_ your own for a long time, youll have to look for a parttime jo
153、b. If youre _10_ student, you can work in restaurants, theaters, etc. And dont spend a lot of money in a wasteful way! Try and save every penny of what you earn.1natural句意：当你决定单独生活时，你变得沮丧，这是自然的。分析句子成分可知，空处作表语，故此处需要用nature的形容词形式。2worriedget worried“担心，担忧”。3that句意：下面是一些帮助你摆脱困境的方法。因为先行词前有不定代词some修饰，所以此
154、处用that引导限制性定语从句。4what句意：在你搬出去的几个月之前，你就需要开始存钱。what引导表语从句，并在从句中作宾语。5to help句意：你需要存足够的钱，帮助你在新的地方生存至少一个月。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。6easiest句意：所有的方法中最容易的就是少花钱。由of all ways可知用最高级。7moving介词before后跟动词ing形式。8it此处用it指代前面的“the place”。9onon ones own“单独，独自”。10a句意：如果你是一名学生，你能在餐馆、剧院等地方工作。此处用不定冠词a表示泛指一名学生。.短文改错(2016银川一中二模)On a
155、 snowy winter night, a bus with 45 passenger had an accident because the wet road. And all of them were trapping in the bus, and what is worse, the bus ran out of gas and it was very cold in it. They could do nothing but to wait for help. A man who lived nearby saw that had happened. He and some vil
156、lagers succeeded in open the door and helped all of them out of the bus. He took them to his home but offered food and water and even some warm clothes to the children. They spent two days in their home and finally help came. All of them were thankfully for his help.答案：第一句：passengerpassengers; becau
157、se后加of第二句：trappingtrapped; iswas第三句：去掉to第四句：thatwhat第五句：openopening第六句：butand第七句：theirhis第八句：thankfullythankful第五讲 名词性从句单句语法填空1(2015全国卷语法填空)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.2(2014广东高考语法填空)I didnt
158、understand why/how this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.3(2015北京高考改编)How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.4(2014浙江高考改编)“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.5(2014四川高考改编)Grandma pointed
159、 to the hospital and said, “Thats where I was born.”6(2014重庆高考改编)Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah, but I have no idea why he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.7(2014陕西高考改编)When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.8(2013浙江
160、高考改编)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field.名词性从句指的是在主句中起的作用相当于名词的从句，主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、主语从句1引导主语从句的连接词：从属连词that, whether/if；连接代词what, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why,
161、how, whenever等。That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们真是亲姐妹。What struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。2主语从句一般放在句首，但有时也可用it作形式主语，而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型：(1)Itbe形容词(necessary/likely/important/unce
162、rtain等)that从句(2)Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder/no surprise等)that从句(3)Itbe过去分词(said/reported/decided/believed等)that从句(4)It不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等)that从句It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什
163、么样的副作用还不清楚。Its no surprise that our team has won the game.我们队获胜一点都不令人吃惊。It is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday.会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。二、宾语从句1引导宾语从句的连接词：从属连词that, whether, if；连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how等；从句用陈述语序。We promise whoever
164、attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。I truly believe that beauty comes from within.(2015北京高考单选)我确信美来自内在。We must find out when Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.(2015重庆高考单选)我们必须弄清楚卡尔什么时候来，以便我们可以为他预订房间。2it作形式宾语的宾语从句(1)一些动词后的宾语从句
165、有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有：find, feel, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。(2)动词hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜欢”、“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。I shall s
166、ee to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候，我会确保把他照顾好。三、表语从句1引导表语从句的连接词：从属连词that, whether；连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how等；从句用陈述语序。Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.杰里不后悔给出评
167、论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方法来表达的。Id like to start my own business thats what Id do if I had the money.我愿意自己创业那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。2as if/as though引导的表语从句as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在be动词，seem, look, taste, sound, feel, appear等动词之后。The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown
168、 over it.浓雾覆盖着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。3because, why引导的表语从句because, why也可引导表语从句，但because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause (该结构常用that引导)。常用于以下句型：From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%被水覆盖。The reason why he didnt
169、 pass the exam was that he was too careless.他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。四、同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。1常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有：advice 建议 conclusion 结论demand要求doubt 怀疑 fact 事实 hope 希望idea 主意 information 信息 message 消息news 消息 order 命令 possibility 可能性promise 诺言 question 问题 request 请求suggestion 建议 thought 想法
170、 plan计划I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.我对自己承诺：今年，我高中的第一年，会有所不同。Is there any possibility that you could pick me up at the airport?No problem.你有可能到机场接我吗？没问题。2引导同位语从句的连接词有：that, whether, how, where, when, why等。Evidence has been found through y
171、ears of study that childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.通过多年的研究发现：有证据表明孩子的早期睡眠问题很有可能会随着他们的成长继续下去。She asked a question why there was a delay.她问了发生延误的原因。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回家。在同位语从句中，that, whether不作句子成分。that无实义，whether意为“是否”，if一般不引
172、导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。 典题精选我来改正常设误点(2015全国卷)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.wherethat或去掉where(1)从属连词与连接副词之间的错用从属连词有that/whether/if等，连接副词有when, where等。从属连词不作成分，而连接副词作状语。(2013辽宁高考)That is which other teachers say.whichwhat(2)连接代词(wh
173、at, which和who等)之间的错用引导名词性从句且在从句中作主语或宾语时应用what(什么)；which(哪一个)；who(谁)等，注意它们之间意义的差别。(2016银川二中一模) For one thing, that you are studying is badly needed nowadays in our country. thatwhat(3)that与what之间的错用what在名词性从句中可作主语、宾语或表语；而that本身没有意义，不作任何成分，只起连接作用。(2016山东师大附中模拟)There is no doubt whether it is of great
174、help to their study and future life. whetherthat(4)从属连词that与whether/if之间的错用that不作成分，没有实际意义；whether/if也不作成分但有实际意义，有“是否”之意。(2016遵义航天高级中学模拟)And you should also have a belief you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time.在belief后加that(5)从属连词that的缺失that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般不能省略，引
175、导宾语从句时可以省略。.单句语法填空1(2016南昌十所重点中学交流试卷)The family was rather poor but the honest man decided to give the bag to its owner. He gave it back to Sam and asked him to check whether/if the bag had 50 gold coins.2(2016江西上饶三模)What you can learn from the ant philosophy is: Never give up, look ahead, stay posi
176、tive and do all you can.3(2016济南高三针对性训练)They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again.4(2016潍坊高考模拟)He has heart disease. That is because he has been smoking too much.5(2016大庆质量检测二)People who visited me used to ask me how I could sleep. “Doesnt the sound of the traffic bother
177、 you? How can you get used to so much noise？”6(2016山师大附中模拟)There was a horrible summer thunderstorm this evening and the power went out, and your candles were just what we needed.7(2016大连模拟)The notice came around two oclock in the afternoon that the meeting would be put off.8(2016龙口模拟)He worked very
178、 hard. Its no wonder that he got the first prize.9(2016临沂模拟)Whether we should help up a fallen old person or not remains a heated topic in China.10(2016贵州高三考前适应性考试)We still have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.11(2016太原五中一模)Who will come to help with my English hasnt been decid
179、ed.12(2016湖南株洲二中月考改编)With an optimistic attitude and a strong will, we can overcome whatever difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals.单句改错1(2016贵州七校联考短文改错)Secondly, watching TV is a good way to kill our spare time. Finally, we can predict that may happen in the future and be prepared.th
180、atwhat2(2016日照检测短文改错)As time went on, I realized what ridiculous I had been at that time.whathow3(2016东北三省四市第一次联考短文改错)Now I am writing to tell you that my city has done to reduce traffic jams in the last few years.thatall/what4(2016银川质量检测短文改错)I had thought if perhaps the woman would blame the man. B
181、eyond my expectations, the woman answered with a smile.ifthat或去掉if5(2016郑州第三次质量预测短文改错)Fortunately, I had a mobile phone with me, so I called the police and told them that had been found.thatwhat6(2016河南三市第二次联考短文改错)That college students are mainly concerned about is employment and their dream to have
182、 wellpaid jobs where they can live their lives to the fullest.ThatWhat7(2016豫东、豫北名校联考)There is no doubt if English has become a universal language nowadays.ifthat8(2016云南师大附中月考)That you should learn is how to write down the most important words, not the whole sentence. Remember that you need informa
183、tion, not sentences.ThatWhat.语法填空(2016东北三省三校一模)The “selfie” is used to describe the selftaken photo, often from a smartphone. Someone takes about 10 selfies each time he does, and he only ends up _1_ (post) one or two of those. He picks the one that he feels make him look the _2_(good). In that pict
184、ure, he gains confidence. For that moment, everything bad or terrible that has happened to him_3_ (remove), because that smile is what gives him the_4_ (determine) to love himself.I read_5_ poem recently and the young man said, “If I ask you_6_ you love, the answers will most likely roll off your to
185、ngue.You love to read. You love to write. You love your mom, your daughter, or your best friend. How long do you think you can go on and on before you say I love_7_(I)？”That statement hit me like a ton of bricks.Ive struggled with confidence all my life.I still do.And in_8_ way am I saying that taki
186、ng a selfie is a gateway_9_ confidence._10_， the selfie does deserve some credit for allowing individuals to express themselves.语篇解读：很多人会把自己满意的自拍照发到网上去，他们认为这样可以使自己增强爱自己的决心。1postingend up doing sth.为固定用法，意为“以而结束，最终做了某事”。2best由语境可知此处表示从众多自拍照中选一张自己认为最好的，由此判断此处应用good 的最高级。3is removed由语境可知应用一般现在时，又因remov
187、e与everything为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。4determinationgive sb.sth.“给某人某物”。又根据设空处前的the 也可判断设空处应用名词。determination为不可数名词，后面常用不定式作定语。5a设空处的poem为可数名词，在本句中表泛指，故与不定冠词连用。6what所填词在宾语从句中作宾语，故应用what。7myself由空前的I及语境可知设空处用反身代词。8no根据本句中“am I saying”的倒装语序，可推知设空处应为否定词。表示否定意义的介词短语放在句首时，后面的主谓部分常用部分倒装形式。in no way “决不”。9toa gat
188、eway to .为固定搭配，意为“通向之路”。10However前后句之间是转折关系，并由后面的逗号可知应填However。.短文改错(2016江西师大附中三模)All of us students want to grow up healthily and happily. Here are some tips to you to achieve this goal.First of all, we should have the positive attitude to life. As we all know, there is not only sunshine and also h
189、ard times in our life. So when face with difficulties, we should fight against it bravely. Whats more, we must work hard. The reason is because knowledge is power. Only by working hard we get the power to make contributions to our motherland. Final, it is important to take exercises regularly and ha
190、ve balanced diets.Wed better do all the these things. The healthier we are, the happier we will be.答案：第二句：第一个tofor第三句：thea第四句：andbut第五句：facefaced; itthem第七句：becausethat第八句：we前加can第九句：FinalFinally; exercisesexercise第十句：去掉the或these第六讲 并列句和状语从句单句语法填空1(2015广东高考语法填空)One day, the cow was eating grass when
191、 it began to rain heavily.2(2014全国卷语法填空)But the river wasnt changed in a few days or even a few months.3(2014辽宁高考语法填空)Unbelievable! Oh . if you dont mind, Ill stop and take a deep breath.4(2015北京高考改编)He is a shy man, but he is not afraid of anything or anyone.5(2015重庆高考改编)If you miss this chance, it
192、 may be years before you get another one.6(2015北京高考改编)Once/If/When the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.7(2015江苏高考改编)It is so cold that you cant go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes.8(2014天津高考改编)Give me a chance, and Ill give you a wonderful surprise.一、
193、并列句(一)并列句的4种类型1表并列、递进或顺承关系：and, both . and ., neither . nor ., not only . but also .The earth is one of the suns planets, and the moon is our satellite.地球是太阳系中的一颗行星，月亮是地球的卫星。2表转折、对比关系：but, yet, whileThe problem was a little hard, yet I was able to work it out.这道题有点难，然而我却把它做出来了。The winter in Beijing
194、is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天却很暖和。3表选择关系：or, otherwise, or else, either . or ., not . but .Now you can either have a rest or you can go to the cinema.现在你可以休息，也可以去看电影。4表因果关系：so, for (表“由于”，一般不放在句首)He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning
195、to fail.由于他视力开始下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。(二)并列句的2大句式1when “就在这时，突然”，常用以下句式sb. be about to do/on the point of doing sth. when .某人正要做某事，突然sb. be doing sth. when .某人正在做某事，突然sb. had done sth. when .某人刚做完某事，突然One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help. 当我们周五在收拾行李要去
196、度周末时，我的女儿突然听到了呼救声。She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.昨天她刚完成家庭作业，妈妈就让她练习钢琴。2and与or/otherwise用于并列句祈使句and陈述句(and表示顺承关系)祈使句or/otherwise陈述句(or/otherwise表示转折关系)Find ways to praise your children often, and youll find they will open their hea
197、rts to you.设法常常表扬你的孩子，这样你就会发现他们乐意向你敞开心扉。Hurry up, or/otherwise you will be late for class.快点儿，否则你们上课就迟到了。二、状语从句(一)时间状语从句1when, while和as的用法连词含义及用法例句when“当时候”，可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生When you apply for a job, you must present your credentials.当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证书。while“当时候”，一般只可与延续性
198、动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时发生Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal.客人们就要吃完的时候，玛丽去煮咖啡了。as“一边一边”，常与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生As he grew older, he became less active.随着他逐渐长大，他变得不那么活泼了。如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while与as可互换使用。When/While/As I was walking down the street,
199、 I came across an old friend.我正沿着大街走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。 2before与since的用法(1)before表示“在之前；还未就；还没来得及就”。常用于以下句型：It will be一段时间before . 多久之后才It wont be long before . 不久之后就It was一段时间before . 过了多久才John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。(2)since的用法since表示“自从”，其引导的从句在句
200、中作状语时，主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；从句常用一般过去时。I have returned home twice since I settled down in the States.自从我定居美国后，我回过两次家。They have been living very happily since they got married.自从结婚后他们一直生活得很幸福。since引导的从句的谓语若是持续性动词，常理解为某一状态的终止；若是终止性动词，则理解为某一动作的开始。He has written to me frequently since he was ill.自从病好以来，他经常给我
201、来信。He has written to me frequently since he went abroad.他自出国以来，经常给我写信。since表示“自从以来”，常用于“It is/has been时间段since从句”结构。该句型表示“自从开始(不做)已经多长时间了”，一般从句的时态用一般过去时，主句中的时态用现在完成时。As is reported, it has been/is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.据报道，清华大学已经建立了100多年了。3till, until和not .until .的用法(1
202、)until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。Have you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday?这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？(2)not . until . 表示“直到才”，主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词。As far as I know, his mother wont go to bed until he returns home every evening.据我所知，
203、他母亲每晚直到他回家才会上床睡觉。4表示“一就，刚就”的常用表达(1)表示“一就”的表达as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instantThe moment I heard the voice，I knew Father was coming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。(2)表示“刚就”的表达no sooner . than ., hardly/scarcely . when .的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而t
204、han与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。(二)条件状语从句1条件状语从句的常见引导词if, unless (if . not), so/as long as (只要), on co
205、ndition that (条件是), if only (if), provided that (如果), in case (万一，如果), suppose/supposing that (假设，如果), assuming that等均可引导条件状语从句。We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or its very cold.除非下雨或天很冷，否则我们将在本周日去公园野餐。My parents dont mind what job I do as long as I am happy.我的父母不在意我从事什么
206、工作，只要我高兴就好。2条件状语从句的时态在条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来含义；现在完成时表即将完成之后的情况；一般过去时表过去将来的含义。If everyone does his part, the project will surely be a success.如果大家都尽责，这个项目肯定会成功。(三)让步状语从句1although, though, while引导的让步状语从句。Though/Although/While regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close
207、to bedtime.尽管有规律的锻炼很重要，但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。2as, though引导的让步状语从句需用部分倒装语序。Hot as/though the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.在长途跋涉之后，尽管夜晚的空气很热，我们还是因为累睡得很熟。3“疑问词ever”引导的让步状语从句，意为“无论”。However hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amo
208、unt you eat.不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。4whether . or .引导的让步状语从句，意为“不论还是”，表示正反两种情况都不会影响主句的意向或结果。Well go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or we cannot.不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。(四)地点状语从句地点状语从句表示地点、方位，通常由where, wherever引导，可置于句首、句中或句尾。I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is t
209、oo much noise where I am sitting.因为我坐的地方噪音太大，所以听不清教授在说什么。where引导的定语从句与状语从句的区别：地点状语从句与定语从句的区别在于从句在句中所作的成分，如果作状语，则是状语从句；如果作定语，则是定语从句。The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother. (状语从句，其中remain为不及物动词)The little girl who got lost decided to remain in the place wh
210、ere she was and wait for her mother. (定语从句)那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她的母亲。 (五)原因状语从句原因状语从句可由because, as, since, now that, in that, considering (that)等词引导。1because译作“因为”，表示直接原因，语气较强，能回答由why提出的问句。The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着妻子坐。
211、2as译作“由于”，语气较轻，常表示显而易见的原因；since (既然), now that (既然), in that (因为)，表示双方都知道的原因，语气较弱。as, since和now that引导的从句多位于主句之前。Now that you have got a job, you should learn to be independent of your parents.既然你找到了一份工作，你应该学会独立不依靠父母。(六)方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句常用
212、虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。The house was greatly damaged by the truck.Wed better leave things as they are until the police arrive.卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。The construction industry is no longer as depressed as it was.建筑业不再像以往那样萧条了。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.这位老太太
213、对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。(七)结果状语从句1引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so .that ., such .that .。在非正式语体中，由so .that ., such .that .引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构形式：He is such a learned person that we admire him very much.He is so learned a person that we admire him very much.他如此有学问，以至于我们非常赞赏他。It is such fine weather that we all want to
214、go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。2当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/such .as to .。He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. He was so clever a student as to be able to work out
215、 all the difficult problems.他是一名如此聪明的学生，以至于他能够解决所有难题。(八)目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case (that), lest等。1in order that和so that引导的目的状语从句两个连词都意为“以便；为了”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。When he goes out, he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.他
216、出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。2for fear that, in case (that)和lest引导的目的状语从句引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示“害怕，担心某事会发生”；in case (that)/lest表示“以防出现某种情况”。The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。典题精选我来改
217、正常设误点(2015全国卷)Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in the countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green.(2015四川高考)And I started to see this as a timewasting activity! In fact, I dont like to go anymore, so Im afraid Ill lose their friendship.orandsobut(1)并列连词的错用常见的并列连词有：and
218、(表示顺承)，but(表示转折)，or(表示选择)，so(表示因果)。(2013全国卷)He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful.第二个he前加and(2)并列连词的缺失在并列句中，必须要有并列连词连接，特别是表示递进和并列关系的and不能缺少。(2015浙江高考)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.(2013全国卷)I
219、n fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.(2016洛阳市统考)She kept on turning back to see me unless we couldnt see each other any longer.(2016长春市质检)It is three years when I became a high school student.IfThough/Althoughduringwhenunlessuntilwhensince(3)
220、状语从句连接词的错用应搞清是何种状语从句以及它们的连接词；不要把介词误用作连接词，例如during和with为介词，不能引导状语从句；应注意容易混淆的连接词，如when, while和as；before和since；unless和until等；应注意常见的固定句式，如“Its一段时间since .”等。(2013陕西高考)As soon as we arrived, so we dropped the lines into the water.去掉so(4)并列连词和状语从句连接词的同时使用前后两个分句不能同时由并列连词和从属连词连接。.单句语法填空1(2016南昌调研)On August 2
221、4, 1853, a customer returned his fried potatoes to the kitchen, because they werent crunchy (脆的) enough.2(2016临沂二模)They can either choose to accept the challenge or donate 100 dollars, or do the both.3(2016海口二模)There was a way to help him grow more, but his parents did not have enough money to pay f
222、or his medical needs.4(2016济宁模拟)It is nearly fifteen years since I last saw her she is the owner of a local restaurant.5(2016石家庄二模)That morning I made sure I had enough to drink and went to the toilet about three times before we left.6(2016洛阳高三一模)Much as/though I like it, I wont buy it, for its too
223、expensive.7(2016曲阜市三校模拟)Be careful with your machine, or/otherwise youll be hurt.8(2016南阳一中二模)You are falling so fast that just turning your head can send you off in a different direction.9(2016潍坊三模)It remains to be seen whether people really want to carry both a smart phone and a smart watch.10(201
224、6东北三校模拟)I wish my house would be built where we can enjoy beautiful scenery with mountains and rivers.11(2016唐山一中仿真模拟)Gates was only 21 years old when he first helped to set up the company in 1976.12(2016潍坊三模)Mr. Zhang felt very tired, so he needed a good rest.单句改错1(2016石家庄一模短文改错)Now, this unforgeta
225、ble lesson still encourages me to be an active learner where I go.wherewherever2(2016河南八市检测短文改错)Although we do know regretting the past is of no benefit, but we still cant help doing it.去掉but3(2016浙江六校联考短文改错)One Sunday, I was reading my book while it suddenly occurred to me that it was mothers birth
226、day the next day.whilewhen 4(2016洛阳统考短文改错)Before I left my hometown to come to study in England, I was partly terrified, and mostly I was excited.andbut5(2016日照联考短文改错)I used to feel I was the sun in my family. But while my cousin was born, everyone paid more attention to her.whilewhen6(2016大庆质量检测二短文
227、改错)Tina and I had been good friends for years. We often did things together, so one day Tina didnt talk to me and just sat by herself.sobut7(2016邢台模拟短文改错)Although she was too busy to go with me, she told me to sell the extra ticket if possible.AlthoughAs/Because8(2016河北省七校联考短文改错)Work hard, you will
228、make much progress and realize your dreams.you前加and.语法填空(2016山东省实验中学四次诊断)Last Wednesday, about 7,400 American bankers went back to school again. This time they did not go to learn they went to teach. _1_ 1997, the American Bankers Association has sponsored Teach Children to Save Day.Every April 26,
229、bankers across the USA teach over 1.5 million primary and secondary school students how to handle_2_ money.In the USA, children, especially teenagers, are often big spenders. In 2013, for example, American teenagers spent $175 billion.This is_3_ average of $104 per week per teenager. Few teenagers h
230、ave any savings.They typically spend money as fast as they can. Nearly all will continue their _4_ (spend) habits when they grow up.Its necessary that children learn proper money management_5_they are still young.The bankers show students how to budget and make smart_6_ (decide) about money.They exp
231、lain how to balance their expenses against their income. They help the students understand their familys shopping and household expenses as well.Of course, students_7_ (teach) how to invest and save money too.As Benjamin Franklin said, “A penny saved is a penny earned.” Moreover, money_8_(save) at i
232、nterest can increase greatly in value over time.Children, _9_ adults, need to understand the value of saving money.This is _10_ Teach Children to Save Day is all about.1Since根据后面句子谓语动词的时态(现在完成时)，可推知本空答案为Since。2their此处指代前面的students 且设空处后为名词，故用they的形容词性物主代词their。3an an average of为固定短语，意为“平均”。4spending
233、 spending habits “消费习惯”。5when/while根据语境可知设空处引导时间状语从句，故填从属连词when或while。6decisions make a decision “作决定”。smart前没有不定冠词a，由此判断此处应用decision的复数形式。7are taught根据上下文可知设空处用一般现在时；students与teach之间为被动关系，故用被动语态，即are taught。8saved被修饰词money与save为逻辑上的被动关系且表示完成，故用过去分词作定语。9like句意：像成年人一样，孩子们需要懂得存钱的价值。like 介词，意为“像一样”。10w
234、hat “_10_ Teach Children to Save Day is all about”为表语从句，该从句中缺少介词 about的宾语，且表示“事物”，故用what引导。.短文改错(2016太原五中高三阶段检测)Your problem is common one among middle school students. Maybe the following advices can help you. First in all, believe in yourself. Your greatest problem is that you lack selfconfidence.
235、 The first thing you must do it is to smile at your classmates. One smile speaks loud about your wish to make friends than any words. Your smile will show that you are friendly to him. Next, trying talking with a student who is as shy as you or who share the same interest as you. You can discuss you
236、r studies with a classmate and you can also talk about your hobbies. Unless anyone is in trouble, you should be ready to help him or her. Once you have confidence, you can make as many friends as possibly.答案：第一句：在common前加a第二句：advicesadvice第三句：第一个inof第五句：去掉it第六句：loudlouder第七句：himthem第八句：tryingtry; sh
237、areshares第十句：UnlessIf第十一句：possiblypossible第七讲 特殊句式单句语法填空1(2015湖南高考改编)It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.2(2015重庆高考改编)Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.
238、3(2015天津高考改编)Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.4(2015北京高考改编)If accepted (accept) for the job, youll be informed soon.5(2015湖南高考改编)Always keep (keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.6(2014陕西高考改编)No sooner h
239、ad Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.7(2012江苏高考改编)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, is there?8(2012重庆高考改编)The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor will he even give it a thought.一、强调句1基本句型：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他。I
240、t is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过倾听和相互理解，孩子和父母之间的问题才可能被解决。(强调方式状语)It was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014福建高考单选)是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。(强调主语)
241、2一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他？Was it by cutting down the staff that she saved the firm?她是通过裁员拯救了公司吗？3特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词is/was itthat其他？When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？4含有not . until .的强调句型：It is/was not until被强调部分that .其他。It was not until near the end of the l
242、etter that she mentioned her own plan.(2013天津高考单选)直到信的末尾她才提到她自己的计划。以上强调句型是对除谓语以外的成分的强调；若强调谓语，要在谓语动词前加do/does/did，这种强调只适用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句。The scientist did devote all his life to his research work.这位科学家真正地把他的一生献给了研究工作。 二、倒装句(一)部分倒装部分倒装是指把谓语的一部分(助动词、系动词或情态动词)置于主语之前。这类句型主要有以下几种形式：1当否定词或带有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时
243、，常用部分倒装。这类词或短语有：little, few, never, seldom, rarely, by no means, not only, not until, at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, in no way, no sooner, hardly, scarcely等。Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.(2013福建高考单选)直到他经历了真正的
244、困难，他才意识到我们对家人的爱的重要性。Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些有需要的人提供医疗保健服务。2当only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.(2014湖南高考
245、单选)只有当你找到内心的平静时，你才能与他人保持良好的关系。3so/neither/nor置于句首时，用部分倒装结构。(1)“sobe/助动词/情态动词主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物，意为“也是如此”。Ive got an enormous amount of work to do.So have I.我有大量的工作要做。我也如此。(2)“neither/norbe/助动词/情态动词主语”表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人或物，意为“也不这样”。Liu Jia cant answer the question.Neither/Nor can Peter.刘佳回答不上来这个问题。彼
246、得也回答不上来。4在so/such . that .结构中，当“so形容词/副词”或“such名词”位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装。So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss.他患病太突然，全家人全然不知所措。5在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，当从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首时，用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。Hard as they tried, they couldnt make her change her mind.尽管他们尽力了，但他们还
247、是没能让她改变主意。(二)完全倒装完全倒装是指将谓语动词完全提到主语之前。这类句型主要有以下几种形式：1表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, out等置于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，句子需用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。The moment the bell rang, out rushed the children.铃一响，孩子们就冲了出去。2当地点状语位于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，为了避免头重脚轻，句子需进行完全倒装。Next door to ours l
248、ive a foreign couple, who seem to have settled into life in China.我们隔壁住着一对外国夫妇，他们看起来已经习惯了中国的生活。3有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语系动词主语”的完全倒装结构。Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests.出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多别的宾客。三、状语从句的省略在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，可以用省略结构。省略必须具备两个条件：此时可以省略从句的主语和be动词。Fil
249、m has a much shorter history, especially, when (it is) compared to such art forms as music and painting.电影的历史短得多，尤其是与音乐、绘画这些艺术形式相比。Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not turn to him.除非有必要，你最好不要向他请求帮助。四、感叹句感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。1what引导的感叹句Whata/anadj.可数名词单数主语谓语！Whatadj. 可数名词复数/不可数名词主语谓语！What a stran
250、ge plant! Ive never seen it before.这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。What lovely children they are!他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！2how引导的感叹句Howadj.a/an可数名词单数主语谓语！Howadj./adv.主语谓语！How主语谓语！How interesting a story it is!What an interesting story it is!这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！How time flies!时间过得真快啊！五、反意疑问句1陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句一般情况下，其疑问部分应和主句保持一致。但如果主句谓语动
251、词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, guess或be sure等，且主句主语为第一人称时，其疑问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致。I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, didnt I?我告诉他们并非每个人都能像你一样跑得那么快，是不是？I dont think the football team is likely to win, is it?我认为那支足球队不会获胜，是吗？2祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句后的反意疑问句不表示反问，而表示一种语气。其结构为：肯定
252、祈使句，will/wont you？否定祈使句，will you？Let us .，will you？Lets .，shall we？Close the window, will/wont you?关上窗户，好吗？Lets go to the bookstore, shall we?我们去书店，好吗？单句语法填空1(2016南昌调研)It was not the word you said that angered Mr.Zhang, but how you said it.2(2012天津高考改编)Only after Mary read her composition the second
253、 time did she notice the spelling mistake.3(2016杭州一中二模)How is the man injured in the accident?The doctor said if treated (treat) in a proper way, he was likely to be saved.4(2016衢州一中期中)Why was it that you were so angry?Because we failed to take part in the basketball match.5(2016山东师大附中一模)It was not
254、until she lost her job that she realized how important it is that one should study all the time.6(2016江苏无锡高中协作体联考)I may take a long lunch break tomorrow. If so,_I can go to the hairdressers then.7(2016重庆巴蜀中学二模)Absurd as/though it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Afr
255、ica.8(2016陕西渭南一模)On the top of the hill stands (stand) a temple where the old man once lived.9(2016辽宁铁岭六校联考)What fun it is to take a rest after a long run!10(2016广西梧州高三一模)Freddy gave him a job and housing and lent him pocket money while training (train) him.11(2016广西高级中学阶段检测)Its true, but I heard so
256、me people did (do) find their better half through online dating.12(2016甘肃兰州一中月考)He said, “What a beautiful day! How I wish I could go back to sleep! But now I have to go out and find some food.”.语法填空(2016河南郑州一次质量预测)In the summer of 1848, in Guatemala, a man called Ambrosio Tut, who was a gumcollecto
257、r (树胶采集者), went into the jungle, as he did almost every day, _1_ (look) for gum in the jungle. To do this, he had to climb the trees. _2_ his particular day, he got to the top of one tree and something caught his eye. He looked out across the trees and saw the tops of some old buildings.Tut didnt re
258、ally know what he had seen but he knew it was something _3_ (specially). He ran to tell the local governor, and together they _4_ (walk) into the jungle. There they found Tikal (蒂卡尔), the city that the Mayans (玛雅人) had built hundreds of years before. The two men saw temples and pyramids, squares and
259、 houses, and places _5_ kings had lived when the Mayan people ruled the region.For a long time before that day, local people had known that somewhere in the jungle there was an old Mayan city, _6_ no one had seen it for centuries. _7_ 200 and 900 AD, the city of Tikal had been the center of Mayan ci
260、vilization in the region, but then the Mayans left _8_ and nobody knows why! After 1,000 AD, the jungle began to cover it and people forgot that it was there.Seven years before Tut looked out for the trees, two British explorers had gone to Guatemala and had written a report about Mayan treasures in
261、 the jungle, but they didnt mention Tikal. Even _9_ (early) than this, local Indians had told European travelers about a great city _10_ (hide) in the trees, but no one would listen to them. Now the lost city had been found again, and archaeologists went there immediately to see it.语篇解读：1848年夏天，在危地马
262、拉有个名叫Ambrosio Tut的采胶人在丛林中偶然发现了古代玛雅人遗址。1looking主语Tut与look为逻辑上的主动关系，且表示伴随，故用looking。2On表示“在具体的某一天”应用介词on。3special此处应用形容词special修饰不定代词something。4walked根据上下文的时态可推知本空要用一般过去时。5where先行词为places，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Kings had lived in the places.由此可知关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故答案为where。6but前后两个分句之间为转折关系，故用并列连词but。7Betweenbetwee
263、n .and .“在和之间”。8it/there由语境可知此处应用it或there代替上句的the city of Tikal。9earlier根据后面的than可知设空处用副词比较级。10hiddena great city与hide之间为逻辑上的被动关系，且表示状态，故用过去分词作定语。.短文改错(2016西工大附中一模)As is known to all that millions of graduates crowded into the job market each year. But because the financial crisis, the situation of
264、the employment has become very serious. Consider this, some people suggest graduates should have a lower career expectation, such as working in the western area of China. I in favor of this idea. Firstly, compared with the big cities, the competition is not as fierce there, but graduates can easy ge
265、t a job. Secondly, the lower position may offer graduate more space. All in all, going to the west may be bring more benefits. Devote yourself to the west, for it is both good for our personal development and for our country at present.答案：第一句：AsIt; crowdedcrowd第二句：because 后加of第三句：ConsiderConsidering
266、第四句：I后加am第五句：butso; easyeasily第六句：graduategraduates第七句：去掉be第八句：第一个ouryour集释(二) “词形变化类”语法项目第八讲 名词和主谓一致(一)名词单句语法填空1(2015全国卷语法填空). what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.2(2015全国卷语法填空)Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream
267、 place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings (painting)3(2014全国卷语法填空)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes (change) are gradual and require a lot of ef
268、fort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.4(2014辽宁高考语法填空)Unbelievable！Oh ., if you dont mind, Ill stop and take a deep breath (breathe)5(2015湖北高考改编)When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his balance (balanced) and had a bad fall.一、名词的单复数1单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则(1)以o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加s，但下列名
269、词要加es，它们是：黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿，即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes。但下列以o结尾的名词既可以加es，也可以加s，它们是：zeros/zeroes零，mosquitos/mosquitoes蚊子，volcanos/volcanoes火山。(2)以f或fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般f或fe去掉加ves，它们是：为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半，即selves, lives, thieves, wives, knives, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves。
270、但下列以f或fe结尾的名词直接加s，它们是：屋顶上的首领信仰保险箱，即roofs, chiefs, beliefs, safes。但下列以f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加ves，也可以直接加s，它们是：handkerchiefs/handkerchieves手帕，scarfs/scarves围巾。(3)合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如：sonsinlaw女婿；passersby过路人；storytellers讲故事的人；breakfasts早餐；housewives家庭主妇。2常见单复数同形的名词Chinese 中国人；Japane
271、se 日本人；sheep 绵羊；deer鹿；series 系列；means 方式；works 工厂；fish 鱼；fruit 水果；crossroads 十字路口；horsepower 马力；jin斤等。其中fish, fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes, fruits。二、抽象名词具体化1具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有：单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义success成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事attraction吸引有吸引力的人或事物beauty美；美丽美丽的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的
272、人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素delight高兴令人高兴的事 failure失败失败的人或事物surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情 shock震惊令人震惊的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的事或人Everyone agreed the picnic was a great success.每个人都认为那次野餐很成功。2抽象名词与a (an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料都会是一件令人感到欣慰
273、的事。A serious explosion happened in Tianjin.Yes, news came as a shock to me.天津发生了一起严重的爆炸事件。是的，这对我来说是一件令人震惊的事情。三、名词所有格1名词的所有格表示所属关系，它分s 所有格和 of 所有格两种形式。Many students eyesight is getting poorer and poorer.很多学生的视力变得越来越差了。From the top of the hill, you can get a birds view of the city.从山顶上，你可以鸟瞰整个城市。2由and
274、 连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加s，表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加s：Toms and Jims rooms 汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间Tom and Jims room 汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间3双重所有格指名词所有格或名词性物主代词同of构成的所有格，即“of名词所有格”。a play of Shakespeares莎士比亚的一个戏剧a friend of my wifes我妻子的一个朋友知识积累名词常见后缀集锦1动词变名词的后缀后缀例词ion/tion/sion/ationcorrectcorrection改正attractat
275、traction 吸引concludeconclusion 结论；结束decidedecision 决定admitadmission 接纳；准许入学inviteinvitation 邀请explainexplanation 解释expectexpectation 期望er/orteachteacher老师announceannouncer 播音员conductconductor 指挥；售票员mentpunishpunishment 惩罚achieveachievement 功绩；成就argueargument 辩论；论据equipequipment 装备；设备ance/enceappearap
276、pearance出现；外貌performperformance 表演；节目existexistence 存在；生存preferpreference 偏爱inghearhearing 听力；听觉beginbeginning 开始ure/turefailfailure 失败；没做到presspressure 压力mixmixture 混合；混合物departdeparture 离开；出发yrecoverrecovery恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery 发现其他choosechoice 选择varyvariety 多样化；种类tendtendency 趋向；趋势2形容词变名词的后缀后缀例
277、词ageshortshortage 不足；短缺cyefficientefficiency效率；功效fluentfluency 流利；流畅accurateaccuracy 准确性privateprivacy 隐私；私密domfreefreedom自由；自主wisewisdom 明智；智慧encedifferentdifference 差异silentsilence 沉默nessweakweakness虚弱；弱点kindkindness 仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness 粗心大意thstrongstrength力气；强项warmwarmth 温暖；热情ytyityhonestho
278、nesty诚实difficultdifficulty 困难cruelcruelty 残酷；残暴safesafety 安全disabledisability 无能；伤残responsibleresponsibility 责任典题精选我来改正常设误点(2015四川高考)As I told you last time, I made three new friend here.(2015陕西高考)Mum taught me some basic step of baking.I insisted on doing most of the baking myself.friendfriendsstep
279、steps(1)可数名词单复数的错用可数名词前有数词、数量词、some或one of .等修饰，则该名词应用复数形式；在指示代词this, that后用单数名词；在these, those后用复数名词。(2014辽宁高考)Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking.(2016长春市质检)Looking back on the progresses that I have made so far, I really appreciate your support.timetimesprogressesprogress(2)
280、混淆名词的可数与不可数有些词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词，例如time表示“次数”为可数名词，表示“时间”为不可数名词；experience表示“经历”时为可数名词，表示“经验”时为不可数名词；误把不可数名词当作可数名词，例如纯抽象名词：progress, luggage/baggage, advice, weather, information, equipment, furniture等都只能用作不可数名词。(2016济宁市一模)Ive learned English for so long that I can communicate with native speakers of E
281、nglish without difficult.difficultdifficulty(3)词性错用误把动词、形容词等当作名词。(二)主谓一致单句语法填空1(2015全国卷语法填空)This cycle goes (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.2(2014全国卷语法填空)In 1969, the pollution wa
282、s terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It was (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.3(2015湖南高考改编)It is important to remember that success is (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes (take) years to achieve.4(2014湖南高考改编)All we need is_(be) a small piec
283、e of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.5(2013江苏高考改编)Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others is (be) essential to their development.英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三大原则：意义一致原则、语法一致原则和就近一致原则。这三个原则发生冲突时，优先考虑意义一致原则。一、意义一致原则1由连词and
284、连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)，谓语动词用单数。The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是个好习惯。2“no/each/every/many a单数名词andno/each/every/many a单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。Every
285、 man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都有充分的理由为他们的父亲所做的工作感到骄傲。3非谓语动词作主语，谓语动词用单数。To prevent the air from being polluted is what were now researching.阻止空气受污染是我们现在正在研究的课题。4含修饰语的名词作主语的特殊情况。(1)many a/more than one单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。More than one student has
286、been admitted to the club.不止一名学生被录取到这家俱乐部。(2)the rest, the remaining/part .主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。The factory used three fifths of the raw materials, the rest of which were saved for other purposes.工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三，剩余部分节省出来作为他用。(3)分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。About 50% of the land is suitable to
287、grow plants.大约50%的土地适合种植物。About 80% of the people in the city object to the price of running water going up.这个城市中大约80%的人反对自来水价格上调。5单复数同形的名词作主语的情况。单复数同形的名词，如means, works, sheep, deer, crossroads, series等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据具体情况而定。Each means has been tried to solve the problem, but none is effective.解决这个问题
288、的每一种方法都试过，但没有一种有效。There are various means of communicating with a stranger.同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。6从句作主语的情况。从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据从句的意义决定。That Jack has gone abroad makes us all surprised.杰克出国了，这使我们都很惊讶。What he says and acts do not agree.他的言行不一致。(指他说的话和他做的事，是复数概念)二、语法一致原则1主语和谓语通常遵循语法一致的原则，
289、即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。Mr Black is a wellknown expert on AIDS.布莱克先生是著名的艾滋病专家。My friends have no intention of going shopping with me.我的朋友们无意和我去购物。2a quantity of接名词时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。quantities of后接复数名词、不可数名词，后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。With more and more forests being destroyed, a large quantity of good e
290、arth is being washed away each year.With more and more forests being destroyed, quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。3由“kind(form, type, sort, species, portion, series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。This new type of buses is now on show.这种新型的公共汽车现在正在展出。4主语后跟
291、有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等附属成分时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。The teacher together with the students is discussing Reading Skills that was newly published in America.这个老师正在和学生们一起讨论在美国新出版的阅读技能这本书。三、就近一致原则1由or, nor, either .or, neither
292、.nor, not only .but (also)连接的并列主语，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk.他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。(根据靠近谓语的主语he而定)Not Jack but his parents are to blame for the home accident.不是杰克而是他父母应为这次家庭事故受到责备。(根据靠近谓语的主语his parents而定)2there be句型中，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There are
293、 several grammar mistakes and a wrong sentence in your composition.你的作文中出现了几个语法错误和一个错误的句子。典题精选我来改正常设误点(2014全国卷)My dream school look like a big garden.(2013辽宁高考)Hard work have made him very ill.looklookshavehas(1)名词作主语时谓语动词单复数的误用可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词应该用单数。(2014辽宁高考)The early morning barking have been
294、disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. (2012陕西高考)What I liked best were the free highspeed Internet connection in the room.havehaswerewas(2)非谓语动词或从句作主语时主谓一致错误动名词、不定式或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。注意：名词性从句作主语表示复数概念时，谓语动词应用复数。(2016兰州一中自我完善卷)I as well as my parents are going to New York City t
295、his month.(2016郑州二模)Not only my parents but also I are good at dancing and singing.areamaream(3)“就近”与“就远”原则的错用“就近”原则常见的有：either . or ., neither . nor ., not only . but also .，not . but .等；“就远”原则常见的有：as well as, but, except, (together) with等。(2013陕西高考)Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and
296、 a fish was caught.(2016太原市模拟)Among all my friends are a special one Im most thankful to. werewasareis(4)倒装句的主谓一致错误在倒装句中要找出句子的主语，从而判断谓语动词的单复数。.单句语法填空1(2016兰州市诊断考试)In the rush hour, there were so many cars and buses (bus) on the road, so I was stuck.2(2016江西新余二模)More than 300 coaches (coach) have bee
297、n invited to the meeting.3(2016四川部分名校联测)Unfortunately, a great many deer (deer) have been killed in the past decade.4(2016大连一模)They took some photos (photo) when they visited China.5(2016西工大附中一模)Mr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is (be) going to visit Beijing next year.6(2016唐山一中仿真模拟)
298、A needle and thread was_given (give) to her, but she could not sew the button on.7(2016聊城二模)Between the two rows of trees stands (stand) the teaching building.8(2016江西九校二模)This is because two thirds of the earths surface is (be) made up of vast oceans.9(2016青岛自主诊断)The total number of the population
299、in China is (be) about 1,320 million.10(2016太原五中阶段检测)Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who wears (wear) evening dress.11(2016山西四校模拟)Not only I but also Jane and Mary are (be) tired of having one examination after another.12(2016海口二模)There is a growing tendency (tend) for
300、 people to work at home instead of in offices.单句改错1(2014全国卷短文改错)Since then for all these year we have been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please.yearyears2(2013辽宁高考短文改错)I saw him lying in bed, looking at some of the picture we had taken together.picturepictures3(2013全国卷短文改错)When tea got po
301、pular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.cupcups4(2016兰州市诊断考试)Whether the temple should be pulled down have caused a heated discussion.havehas5(2016河南省开封市冲刺模拟)Hearing this, the whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate face turned red.deskmated
302、eskmates6(2016江西新余市二模)It is our duty to work hard to achieve this goals.goalsgoal7(2016大连一模)Tom as well as two of his friends were invited to the party yesterday.werewas8(2016吉林省实验中学第三次模拟)Nobody but three students were in the laboratory at that time.werewas.语法填空(2016云南第一次统测)What is the most popular
303、communication tool today? _1_ your answer is QQ or MSN, I must say youre a bit oldfashioned. Today, a new form of communication “WeChat”， which _2_ (own) a Chinese name Weixin, is becoming the most influential text and voicing tool all over the world.What advantages does WeChat have? First, WeChat i
304、s _3_ relatively cheap way of communication; that is to say, it uses network traffic instead of telephone fare. Next, we can know _4_ is going on at any time. And we can have _5_ (easy) access to information available than other messaging tools.What roles does it play _6_ our daily life? According t
305、o the latest report, the registered users on WeChat platform have topped 200 million and WeChat has expanded its business to overseas market. Can you imagine that a mobile phone “app” is so _7_ (appeal) that it reaches 200 million users within 8 months? WeChat _8_ (it) has become the most popular mo
306、bile chat application in the world. A large number of people have become “WeChataholic”， which means they keep staring at the mobile phone all the time and cant live without _9_.However, while enjoying its great convenience, people should not ignore the danger of _10_ (cheat), for information on Wec
307、hat is publicly known.1If由语境可知此处表示条件，故填If。2owns由全文的时态和语境可知此处应用一般现在时，且定语从句的关系代词指代WeChat (第三人称单数)，故答案为owns。3a此处表示微信是一种相当便宜的通讯方式。way为可数名词单数，在本句中表泛指，所以用不定冠词a。4what句意：其次，我们随时可以知道发生了什么。5easier根据本句中的“than”可知设空处需用形容词的比较级。6inplay a . role in .为固定短语，意为“在中起作用”。句意：它在我们的日常生活中起着什么作用呢？7appealingappealing为形容词，意为“有吸
308、引力的”。8itself空处作同位语，由语境和提示词it 可知此处应填反身代词itself。9it此处用it指代前面的the mobile phone。10being cheated介词后应用动名词作宾语。people与cheat为逻辑上的被动关系，故用动名词的被动形式，即being cheated。.短文改错(2016河南省八市重点高中教学质量监测) In our life, we often regret what we did and which we couldnt do. Actually, it doesnt benefit us at all. As for most of us
309、, we missed many chance to earn more money, to get a high position and to realize our dreams. We often regret that we dont seize those opportunities, thus feel upset. Although we do know regretting the past is no benefit, but we still cant help doing it.To avoid the problem below, we need to pay mor
310、e attention to what you are doing now, making us busier and having no time to recall the past. Moreover, wed better set reasonably goals one by one. Only by doing so can we struggle for our future better.答案：第一句：whichwhat第三句：chancechances; highhigher第四句：dontdidnt; feelfeeling第五句：no前加of; 去掉but第六句：belo
311、wabove; youwe第七句：reasonablyreasonable第九讲 形容词和副词单句语法填空1(2015全国卷语法填空)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.2(2015全国卷语法填空)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and g
312、ive out that heat slowly (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.3(2015全国卷语法填空)As natural (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.4(2015广东高考语法填空)He owned a farm, which looked almost abandoned. Lu
313、ckily (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.5(2014全国卷语法填空)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is cleaner (clean) than ever.6(2014全国卷语法填空)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed (disappoint)7(
314、2014辽宁高考语法填空)The harder (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!8(2014辽宁高考语法填空)I cannot control my body well. My legs become painful (pain)一、形容词、副词的原级比较1“as形容词/副词原级as”与“notas/so形容词/副词原级as”表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同/不同。Actually, Jack is as old as Jim.事实上，杰克和吉姆(年龄
315、)一样大。He doesnt run so/as fast as his younger brother.他没有他弟弟跑得快。2当as . as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：Today is as busy a day as yesterday.今天跟昨天一样忙。Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.亨利的书没有我的书多。3“as形容词原级as具体数字”表示“高/深/多达”。The temperature here is as high as 39.这里的气温高达39摄氏度。The building is as tall as 100 m
316、eters.这座楼高达100米。二、形容词、副词的比较级1形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则(1)规则变化构成例词原级比较级最高级单音节的词一般情况下直接加er和estsmallsmallersmallestgreatgreatergreatesthardharderhardest以e结尾的单音节词和少数以ble结尾的双音节词加r和stnicenicernicestcutecutercutestableablerablest以一个辅音字母结尾，且前面只有一个元音的词，双写辅音字母后再加er和estfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhot
317、test以“辅音字母y”结尾的词，先把y变为i再加er和esteasyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest少数以er，ow结尾的双音节词，加er和estclevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowest其他双音节和多音节的形容词或副词一般在前面加more和mostcarefulmore carefulmost carefulpopularmore popularmost popularefficientlymore efficientlymost efficiently有少数几个双音
318、节形容词，既可以加er和est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common, handsome, quiet, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired和以ow，er结尾的词。有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的)等。 (2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good, wellbetterbestbad, illworseworstmany, mu
319、chmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest2.形容词、副词比较级的用法(1)比较级than .“比更”；less .than“不如”。Seeking information on the Internet is more convenient than searching in a library.在网上搜寻信息要比在图书馆里方便。(2)比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather, much, still, even, far, any (用于否定句或疑问句), a l
320、ot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit等。The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.Why? Its far more interesting than the films I have ever seen.我不得不说这部电影真的没意思。为什么？它比我看过的所有电影都有意思。(3)the比较级，the比较级“越，越”。The earlier the treatment is given, the better the patients chances.病人越早接受治疗，康复的可能性就越大。(4
321、)the比较级of (the)名词/代词“(两者中)较的”。Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry.这两个照相机，我喜欢较小的一个，它容易携带。三、形容词、副词的最高级1三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。表示范围的标志词有in, of, among等。Raymonds parents wanted him to have the best possible education.(2014大纲卷单选)雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。2最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，
322、by far, nearly, almost等。This is by far the most inspiring movie that I have ever seen.(2013辽宁高考单选)这是我曾看过的最鼓舞人心的电影了。3最高级含义的其他表达法。(1)“否定词语比较级”或“否定词语such/so . as”结构表示最高级含义。Do you think that the Chinese National Games were a success?Yes, absolutely! It couldnt be better.你认为这届中国全运会成功吗？是的，绝对成功！没有比它更好的了。(2
323、)比较级形式表示最高级含义。Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.Julia is the tallest girl in her class.朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。4the last表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。The last thing they want is to work in the red areas where life is hard.他们最不乐意的是在生活艰难的红色区域里工作。四、形
324、容词(短语)作状语形容词(短语)作状语表示伴随或结果，通常用来说明主语的情况，表示主语的状态、性质、特征等，但并不表示动作的方式。He stared at the footprint, full of fear.他盯着脚印看，内心充满了恐惧。Helpless, we watched our home destroyed before our eyes.我们束手无策，只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。五、副词作评论性状语连接副词和修饰整个句子作评论性状语的副词，通常位于句首。有时也用于句中或句尾。Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and
325、the pain was worth it in the end.谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦都是值得的。知识积累形容词和副词的词性转换1常见的形容词后缀形容词后缀意义例词able/ible可的；能的；应的；有性质的acceptable可接受的available 可利用的valuable 有价值的reasonable 合理的accessible 可接近的al与有关的typical 典型的digital 数码的cultural 文化的environmental 环境的ant/ent是的，处于状态frequent频繁的convenient 方便的efficient 效率高的signifi
326、cant 有重大意义的ar带有属性的regular 规则的；有规律的circular 环形的；圆的；循环的ary与有关的ordinary 普通的，平常的voluntary 自愿的；志愿的d/ed有的；有特征的limited有限的colored 有色的surrounded 被围绕的ful充满的；有性质(或倾向的)successful 成功的meaningful 有意义的powerful 强大的thankful 感激的less无的；没有的endless 无尽的aimless 无目标的powerless 无能为力的tive有倾向的attractive 迷人的effective 有效的instruct
327、ive 有教育意义的y多的foggy 多雾的greedy 贪婪的wealthy 富有的healthy 健康的2形容词转换为副词情况变化规则 例词一般情况在词尾加lyimmediateimmediatelywonderfulwonderfully一些以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词把y改为i，再加lyeasyeasilyangryangrilynoisynoisily以ble或le结尾的形容词去e加ypossiblepossiblycomfortablecomfortably以ue结尾的形容词去e加lytruetruly以l结尾的形容词在词尾加lyusualusuallycarefulcarefull
328、y以ll结尾的形容词在词尾加yfullfully典题精选我来改正常设误点(2015浙江高考)On the lefthand side of the class, I could easy see the football field. (2015陕西高考)I thought the biscuits were really well.easyeasilywellgood(1)形容词与副词的错用修饰动词应用副词而不用形容词；修饰名词应用形容词而不用副词；系动词后作表语应用形容词而不用副词。(2013四川高考) I found the test difficult, but I tried har
329、dly to do it.(2016南宁市适应性测试)Sometime you may not be able to decide the situation you are in, but you can change your attitude.hardlyhardSometimeSometimes(2)形近引起的错用有些词词形看似差不多但实际词意相差甚远，例如：hard用作副词时表示“努力地”，而hardly表示“几乎不”；sometimes表示“有时”，而sometime表示“某个时候”；high表示具体的高，而highly表示抽象的高。(2015陕西高考)My mum makes t
330、he better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help.(2016哈尔滨三中一模)I knew she would get much use of it than me.(2016银川一中一模)Moreover, it shows that people are becoming richer and the country is much more stronger.betterbestmuchmore去掉more(3)比较等级的错用比较级与最高级的错用。表示二者比较用比较级；表示三者或三者以上比较用最高级；原级与比
331、较级的错用。若句中有than或暗含比较意味用比较级，若没有比较意味或表示同等程度的比较则用原级；比较级的重复。若形容词或副词后面加了er，前面就不能再用more。.单句语法填空1(2016河南省高考适应性模拟)I found it hard to hear her commentary (评论) as she seemed to be talking to only the three or four people closer (close) to her.2(2016郑州高三诊断)But he said they also had more sugar and salt, so they
332、tasted much better (good)3(2016河北保定二模)As we know, the greater difficulty we meet on our way to success, the more_likely (likely) we will be able to achieve our goals.4(2016唐山一中仿真模拟一)However, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even younger (young) ages.5(2016聊城二模)The mor
333、e I thought about it, the worse (bad) my mood became.6(2016聊城三模)One of the worst (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen.7(2016潍坊一模)When you go out, far away from your daily (day) life, you will have a lot of exciting memories. 8(2016日照二模)I started to follow it
334、 again with a lighter (light) spirit than I had before.9(2016沈阳一模)I advise you to take a small step out of your comfort zone and try to make someones day a little brighter (bright)10(2016沈阳质检)The other day my friends and I were eating in the cafeteria and I saw her walking around. When she came clos
335、er (close) to us I could see that she was crying.11(2016烟台模拟)You are driving too fast. Can you drive a bit more_slowly (slowly)?12(2016东北三校联考)The new group of students is betterbehaved than the other group who stayed here earlier (early).单句改错1(2014四川高考短文改错)Dont panic or get out of line，and try to re
336、main quiet and calmly.calmlycalm2(2014大纲卷短文改错)So really friendship should be able to stand all sorts of tests.reallyreal3(2014全国卷短文改错)We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost！wonderfullywonderful4(2014全国卷短文改错)The teachers here are kind and helpfully.helpfullyhelpful5(2014辽宁高考短文改错)That is too m
337、uch for us, considering how closely the houses are.closelyclose6(2013全国卷短文改错)Interesting, it had a connection with/to the British porcelain (瓷器) industry. InterestingInterestingly7(2013全国卷短文改错)I remember my grandfather very much.muchwell/clearly8(2011陕西高考短文改错) I was really disappointing and about to
338、 leave when he walked out of a building. disappointingdisappointed.语法填空(2016郑州高三二模)One evening, an elderly lady _1_ (drive) past a small town when one of her tires suddenly blew out. Even though all she had was only a flat tire, it was _2_ bad situation for a woman of her age. She was very _3_ (anno
339、y), especially with the weather _4_ (get) colder and colder. At that moment, a man stopped his car in front of hers and asked _5_ she needed help. The old lady became even more nervous because the man looked poor and _6_(hunger). However, since no one else had stopped to help her during the past hou
340、rs, she stood back and let him help her. After the man finished changing the tire, the lady was willing _7_ (pay) him an amount of money. To her surprise, the man replied that he just wanted to help her, just _8_ others had helped him in the past. He didnt want the lady to pay him back anything.Inst
341、ead, he just wanted her to help others _9_ need as well. Later that evening, the lady helped a heavily pregnant woman._10_ never occurred to her that the woman was the poor mans wife.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一个寒冷的夜晚，一个年轻人帮助了一位老太太，巧合的是，老太太又在同一个晚上帮助了年轻人的妻子。1.was driving本句用了be doing .when结构，表示“某事正在进行的过程中突然发生了另一件事
342、”，故填was driving。2asituation是可数名词，且在此表泛指，故填a。3annoyed设空处作表语，表示人的感受，故填annoyed。4gettingweather 与get之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且get所表示的动作正在进行，故填getting。5if/whether由语境可知，男子问老妇人是否需要帮助，故填if/whether。6hungry设空处与poor并列作表语，故填hungry。7to paybe willing to do sth.意为“愿意做某事”。8as/like/becausejust as/like引导方式状语从句，意为“就像一样地”；前后两句也可理解为
343、因果关系，故可填because。9inin need 意为“在困境中”。10It本句使用了It occurred to sb.that句型，意为“某人想到”。.短文改错(2016山东省实验中学二模)Dear friends, I have some advices about computers to share with you. Now the computer had become a good friend of us students. It has made our life more colorful. We can get information fast under its
344、help. Through the Internet we can talk with people thousands of miles far away.However, there have some disadvantages. It gives us some trouble. Im afraid that we spend a bit too much time play games in front of the screen. Our studies and health are getting worse. Our parents are beginning to worry
345、 us. In addition, we surely have less time leaving to get together with others. In this case, the computer is taking away our human nature.My suggestion is that we would use the computer to improve our life and work on the one hand, and enjoy the sunshine or fresh air with our friends on the other.
346、答案：第一句：advicesadvice第二句：hadhas第四句：underwith第五句：去掉far第六句：haveare第八句：playplaying第十句：worry后加about第十一句：leavingleft第十三句：wouldshould; orand第十讲 动词的时态和语态单句语法填空1(2015全国卷语法填空)It was raining lightly when I arrived (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.2(2015广东高考语法填空)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the
347、 towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was_left (leave)3(2014全国卷语法填空)A boy on a bike caught (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.4(2014辽宁高考语法填空)Be patient! Tai Chi is_called (call) “shadow boxing” in English. It asks you to
348、act like water: to be flexible as well as strong.5(2014广东高考语法填空)We were_told (tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, but for the week after.6(2015北京高考改编)In the last few years, China has_made (make) great achievements in environmental protection.7(2015北京高考改编)Dr. Jackson is not in his
349、 office at the moment.All right. I will_call (call) him later.8(2015安徽高考改编)It is reported that a space station will_be_built (build) on the moon in years to come.一、时态(一)一般现在时1一般现在时的构成一般现在时主要由动词的原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语一般由动词原形后加s或es构成。其变化规则如下：情况变化规则例词一般情况直接加sworkworkslearnlearnscomecomes playplayswantwant
350、s needneeds结尾为s，x，sh，ch或o在词尾加espasspasses discussdiscussesteachteaches washwashesfixfixes gogoes结尾为“辅音字母y”变y为i再加escarrycarriescrycriesstudystudies worryworries2.一般现在时的用法1)主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time等时间状语。Secondary school in the USA usually covers seven years,
351、 grades six to twelve.美国的中学通常是七年制，即从六年级到十二年级。2)表示主语目前的性格、特征、状态或能力等。She knows French and German besides English.除了英语，她还会法语和德语。Planning so far ahead makes no sense so many things will have changed by next year.这么早作计划没有什么意义到明年很多事情会发生变化。3)表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象，或用在格言中。Its known that the earth goes round the s
352、un.众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。“Life is like walking in the snow，” Granny used to say, “because every step shows.”奶奶过去经常说，“人生就像在雪中行走，因为每一步都留有足迹。” 4)一般现在时代替一般将来时。(1)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来的动作或状态，可用一般现在时代替一般将来时，主句仍用一般将来时。Ill tell him about it as soon as he comes.他一来，我就告诉他这件事。Theyll stand by you even if you dont succeed.即
353、使你不成功，他们也会支持你。(2)表示按规定、计划、安排、时间表等马上要发生的事，常与具体的时间状语连用。该用法常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息、安排等时刻表上，且仅限于少数表示短暂意义的动词，这类词语主要有come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start, take off, finish, stop等。The train leaves at 4：30 pm.火车在下午4：30出发。The plane takes off at 5 oclock.飞机在5点钟起飞。(二)一般过去时1一般过去时的构成(1)一般过去时由动词的过去式表示，规则动词的过去式一般由动词
354、原形加ed构成，其变化规则如下：情况变化规则例词一般情况在动词后加edlooklookedwatchwatchedstaystayed expectexpected以e结尾的动词后加dhopehopedlikeliked以“辅音字母y”结尾的动词变y为i再加edstudystudiedtrytriedcopycopied carrycarried以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加edstopstopped clapclappedplanplanned preferpreferredadmitadmittedpermitpermitted(2)不规则动词的
355、过去式 不规则动词的变化详见“附录四：162个动词的不规则变化表”2一般过去时的用法(1)表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。Is Peter coming?No, he changed his mind after a phone call at the last minute.(2015重庆高考单选)彼得要来吗？不来了。他在最后时刻接了一个电话后改变了主
356、意。(2)表示过去一段时间内完成的动作。Long time no see! Havent you graduated from college?Yes.I studied English for four years in Nanjing.好久不见！你大学毕业了吗？毕业了，我在南京学了四年英语。(3)表示过去经常、反复发生的动作。I always got up late, and never had enough time for breakfast.我总是起床很晚，从来没有足够的时间吃早饭。(4)有些动作发生的时间没有具体表明，但实际上是“刚才，刚刚”发生，应使用一般过去时。I didnt
357、know you were here.我不知道你在这里。Sorry, I forgot to bring your book.很抱歉，我忘记带你的书来了。(5)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时表示过去将来的意义。He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。(三)一般将来时1will/shall动词原形(1)表示不含主观因素，单纯的将来，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。shall一般用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称。By the time yo
358、u have finished this book, your meal will get cold.等到你看完这本书，你的饭就凉了。My birthday is coming. I shall be 18 years old.我的生日就要到了。我将要18岁了。(2)will还可表达说话时临时做出的决定。What time is it?I have no idea. But just a minute, I will check it for you.(2014北京高考单选)几点了？我不知道。稍等，我帮你看一下。2be going to动词原形“be going to动词原形”表示按计划、打算
359、要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。I feel I am going to make progress with her help.我觉得在她的帮助下我会进步的。Look at the clouds. It is going to rain.看那些乌云。天要下雨了。3be to动词原形“be to动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.10点前你们得交上论文。(四)现在进行时1现在进行时的构成现在进行时的构成形式为：am/is/arev.ing。v.ing形式的变化规则如下
360、：情况变化规则例词一般情况在词尾直接加ingworkworkinglooklookingstudystudying以不发音的e结尾的动词去e再加inghavehaving facefacingtaketaking writewriting以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写该辅音字母再加ingcutcuttingputputtingswimswimmingbeginbeginning以ie结尾的动词变ie为y再加inglielyingtietyingdiedying2.现在进行时的用法(1)表示说话之时或现阶段正在发生或一直进行着的动作。The professor is typing
361、his own letters while his secretary is ill.秘书生病时，教授自己打他的信。(2)现在进行时还可以表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作，这类动词主要有：go, come, leave, stay, start, arrive, land, meet, move, return, stop, do等。My aunt is leaving for Shanghai at eleven oclock tomorrow morning.明天早上十一点我婶婶将离开去上海。(3)表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always, contin
362、ually, constantly, forever, all the time等连用。Tom is always coming late for meetings, which makes his boss very angry.汤姆开会老是迟到，这使他的老板很生气。 (五)过去进行时1过去进行时的构成为was/weredoing。表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.当那个男孩的父亲下班回来时，他正在做作业。2表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时
363、表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有leave, start, arrive, go, come等。I was coming to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.我打算那天晚些时候去看你，但是不得已打电话取消了。(六)将来进行时表示将来某个时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作。其构成为：will/shall be doing。将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow (明天的这个时间)，from 1：30 to 4：30 the day after tomorrow (后天从
364、1：30到4：30)等。If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you will be eating fresh watermelon in the fall.如果你春天播下西瓜种子，那么秋天就能吃上新鲜的西瓜了。Ill be talking with the professor at this time tomorrow.明天这个时间我将在和教授谈话。(七)现在完成时现在完成时由“have/has过去分词”构成，其基本用法如下：1表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间，但现在已经完成，且结果仍对现在有影响。Im sorry,
365、but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?Sorry, I havent made myself clear. We want to return on October 20.对不起，我没完全明白你的话。你是说你们打算9月20号回来吗？对不起，我没有表达清楚，我们打算10月20号回来。2表示一个动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month
366、.他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来获得了许多好评。3在时间、条件状语从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时。Will you come to my office when you have finished your work?你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？4在“It (This) is the best (worst, most interesting等)名词从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.这是自从我到这个学校以来所参加过
367、的最有教育意义的讲座。5在“It (This) is (will be) the first/second/third . timethat从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。It is the third time that you have been late for work this week, isnt it?这已经是这周你第三次工作迟到了，不是吗？(八)过去完成时过去完成时的构成为：haddone，其基本用法如下：1表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语(before, after, by,
368、 up till)，这种时态从来不孤立使用。I found the lecture hard to follow because it had started when I arrived.我发现这个报告很难懂，因为当我到的时候，它已经开始了。2动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。I had hoped to come to help you. Something happened to me. Thats why I didnt come.我本希望能来帮助你，但我出了点事，
369、所以没有来。3在“hardly (scarcely).when ., no sooner .than .”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意思为“一就”。Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。4by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句，主句用过去完成时。By the time the messenger reac
370、hed him, the damage had been done.送信人赶到他那儿时，损失已经造成了。5表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.这是她第二次看见她的祖父了。(九)将来完成时表示在将来某个时刻前已经完成或一直持续的动作，并对将来产生一定的影响。常与“by将来的某个时间”或when/before引导的时间状语从句连用。其结构为：will/shall have done。By the time you get home I will have clea
371、ned the house from top to bottom.你到家时我将已把房子彻底打扫一遍了。(十)现在完成进行时现在完成进行时由“have/has been现在分词”构成，其基本用法如下：1表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在的动作，并仍在进行。Tony, why are your eyes red?I have been cutting up peppers for the last five minutes.(2014江西高考单选)托尼，为什么你的眼睛那么红啊？在过去的5分钟里，我一直都在切辣椒。2表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，在说话时刚刚结束。Where have
372、you been? We have been looking for you everywhere.你刚才去哪里了？我们一直在到处找你。3现在完成进行时有时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。I have been ringing you several times in two days.这两天内我给你打过几次电话。(十一)过去完成进行时表示一个动作从过去某个时间开始，一直持续到另一个过去时刻，到那个时刻，这一动作可能刚结束，也可能仍在进行。He had been living here before he went to New York.他去纽约之前一直住在这里。(
373、十二)过去将来时1过去将来时的基本构成和用法过去将来时由“would动词原形”构成，主要表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作(尤其用于宾语从句中)，还可以表示过去的动作习惯或倾向。She said that she wouldnt do that again.她说她再不会这样做了。2表示过去将来时的其他表达法(1) was/were going to 动词原形：该结构有两个主要用法，一是表示过去的打算，二是表示在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生某事。I thought it was going to rain.我认为要下雨了。(2)was/were to 动词原形：主要表示过去按计划或安排要做的事情
374、。She said she was to get married next month.她说她计划在下个月结婚。(3)was/were about to 动词原形：表示在过去看来即将要发生的动作，由于本身已含有“即将”的意味，所以不再与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.电话铃响时我正好要上床睡觉。(4)was/were 现在分词：表示在过去看来即将发生的动作，通常可用于该结构中的动词是come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, j
375、oin, borrow, buy等瞬间动词。Jack said he was leaving tomorrow.杰克说他打算明天动身。二、被动语态(一)被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态常见的时态变化(以动词clean为例)列表如下：形态时间一般进行完成现在am/is/arecleanedam/is/are being cleanedhave/has beencleaned过去was/werecleanedwas/werebeing cleanedhad been cleaned将来shall/willbe cleanedsh
376、all/will havebeen cleaned过去将来should/wouldbe cleanedEnough has been done for you, but youve made little progress.为你做了很多，然而你进步却很小。The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruits and vegetables.如果人们被说服了吃更多的水果和蔬菜，那么死于心脏病的人数将大大减少。(二)被动语态的基本用法1强调或
377、突出动作的承受者。New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world.新西兰葡萄酒质量很好，行销全世界。2不知道或无需说出动作的执行者。Have you heard about that fire in the market?Yes, fortunately no one was hurt.你听说市场里发生的火灾了吗？听说了，幸运的是，没有人受伤。3用在科技文献或新闻报道中。Cars of this kind were made in the 1980s.这种小汽车是二十世纪80年代制造的。典题精选我来改正常设误
378、点(2015浙江高考)In the mornings, it was full of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.(2016石家庄市一模)When English is an only language in class, students will have more opportunity to practise listening and speaking. However, there were problems with this method.iswasw
379、ereare(1)上下文中时态不一致若上下文叙述的是同一件事情，则时态应具有一致性。若上下文是一般过去时，则同样用一般过去时；若上下文是一般现在时，则同样用一般现在时。(2014陕西高考)Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the sky they were looked like rain! (2013全国卷)Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.去掉looked或其前的weredrankdrunk(2)语态错用常见错误类型有：系动词和不及物动词
380、(短语)没有被动语态，误把系动词和不及物动词(短语)当作及物动词而使用被动语态；被动语态构成错误，其构成形式应为“be过去分词”。.单句语法填空1(2016江西上饶三模)If it turns (turn) cold again, theyll dive back down. But they come out again if it is warm.2(2016大庆市二轮复习检测)He was_looking (look) for a house when he saw an advertisement in a newspaper one day.3(2016江西九江三模)To the c
381、ustomers satisfaction, teas of the same high quality are_served (serve) in each shop every day.4(2016长春质量检测二)After everything was_done (do) and just after he left the barbers, he saw a man in the street with long dirty hair.5(2016山师大附中模拟)May I have your attention, please? Now Id like to make a speec
382、h here. As we know, waste has_become (become) a common scene on campus recently.6(2016三门峡市二模)When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had_caused (cause) her. But she refused.7(2016临沂二模)Ice bucket challenge is a great su
383、ccess until now, a big donation has_been_received (receive)8(2016聊城模拟)By next Thursday, they will_have_completed (complete) the construction of the new school.9(2016河南省考前质量检测二)Man changes his living habits in order to adjust to climate, but climate changes (change) as well, though more slowly.10(201
384、6青岛自主诊断)No physical cause could be_found (find). Finally the doctor said to the man, “Unless you tell me whats on your conscience, I cant help you.”11(2016河南顶级名校5月模拟)Mrs. Woo Mei Fong said that her husband had just left for work when she felt (feel) that her house was moving.12(2016聊城三模)Hurry up! We
385、 need to get to the top of the mountain before the sun sinks (sink) in the west.单句改错1(2016临沂二模)One day I saw an advertisement in a local newspaper.I ring up the company, and I was given the job immediately.ringrang2(2016青岛自主诊断)Mother promised she will buy me a bike.willwould3(2016东北三校高三第一次联考)The ans
386、wer sheet must cut from the newspaper and sent to China Daily before the deadline.must后加be4(2016江西鹰潭二模)Last summer I went to London for a holiday.I spend just a week there.spendspent5(2016山师大附中模拟)The new secretary will supposed to report to the manager as soon as she arrives.willis6(2016东北三校联考)In th
387、e past two and a half years, our school had organized many activities.hadhas.语法填空(2016江西三校4月联考)Red envelopes _1_ (relate) to the Chinese Lunar New Year for long. I myself have had plenty of _2_ (experience) both receiving and giving out red envelopes in the past, and generally speaking, its been fun
388、. I mean, who doesnt love free money?Im truly surprised by the extent of peoples obsession with virtual red envelopes this year. In fact, everyone I know spent at least a day or two _3_ (crazy) shaking their smart phones, mostly trying to get as much lucky money as possible. Thanks to messaging app
389、giant WeChats new feature that allows users _4_ (send) money electronically, grabbing virtual red envelopes has never seemed so easy.Just in case you are one of the very few people still not on the bandwagon, heres _5_ it works. Givers link their WeChat to their bank accounts, and then they can send
390、 specified amounts of money to their WeChat contacts through a personal message. They can also put the cash up _6_ grabs in chat groups full of friends, and anyone who acts fast enough will get _7_ share. Later, receivers can transfer the funds from their WeChat back into their own bank accounts.In
391、theory, this sounds like a fun game. Im always for some harmless fun in life, so my _8_ (nature) response would be: Why not? Moreover, Ive always believed that its human nature to want free stuff, regardless of whether you actually need it or not. This may not be a good quality, but its not against
392、the law, so I wont get all judgmental here. _9_ (consider) these reasons, I really cant fault anyone for their enthusiasm in grabbing virtual red envelopes. I would have done it too, _10_ I not thought linking WeChat to my bank accounts was too much trouble.1have been relatedbe related to为固定短语，意为“与有
393、关联”。根据时间状语for long可知，应用现在完成时。2experiencesexperience作“经历”讲，为可数名词。此处表示复数概念，故用复数形式。3crazily设空处需用副词作shaking 的状语，故答案为crazily。4to sendallow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，故此处用不定式to send。5how根据下文有关微信抢红包程序的介绍可推知本空答案为how。6for句意：他们也可以将现金放在微信朋友圈中，让网友去抢。根据句意可知设空处表示目的，故答案为for(为了)。7a句意：动作快的人将会抢到一份。share在此处为名词，意为“一份”，在本句
394、中表示泛指，故与不定冠词连用。8natural空处作定语，修饰名词response，故应用形容词natural。9ConsideringConsidering . 为独立成分，意为“考虑到 ”。10had根据本句中主句谓语动词would have done可知，从句为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为“had过去分词”。had I not thought linking . if I had not thought linking .短文改错(2016衡水中学三调考试)Dear Mr. Green，Im very exciting to learn that you will star
395、t a magazine together. That sounds great and I definitely agree you on that.Some of the columns that you mention in the letter are really my cup of tea. “Cultural Express” give us a better understanding of the world. Since people from different part of the world have different values, its necessary
396、to learn from each another. Apart from that, “Blurt Out” is pretty good for Chinese students to learn English idioms and improving oral English. “Entertainment” is also cool! The popular singers, actors or celebrities are so attractively that you absolutely cant miss this part. Teenagers are to fond
397、 of popular things, too.Well, I cant list more. I really cant wait to read this magazine.Yours，Li Ming答案：第一句：excitingexcited第二句：agree后加with第三句：mentionmentioned第四句：givegives第五句：partparts; anotherother第六句：improvingimprove第八句：orand; attractivelyattractive第九句：去掉to第十一讲 非谓语动词单句语法填空1(2015全国卷语法填空)Abercrombi
398、e & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people living (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.2(2015全国卷语法填空)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engine
399、ers.3(2015全国卷语法填空)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without using (use) electric equipment.4(2015全国卷语法填空)When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to_cool (cool) the house du
400、ring the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.5(2015广东高考语法填空)Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees to_sell (sell) the wood.6(2014全国卷语法填空)One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about being (be) late for school.7(2014全国卷语法填空)I heard a
401、passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused to_stop (stop) until we reached the next stop.8(2014全国卷语法填空)Still, the boy kept riding (ride)He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.一、非谓语动词的形式及意义非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式to doto be done不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式to be doing不定
402、式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式to have doneto have been done不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前现在分词/动名词一般式doingbeing done其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生完成式having donehaving been done其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去分词done与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成I have a lot of reading to complete before the end of this term.本学期结束前，我有大量的阅读任务要完成。Charles Babbage i
403、s generally considered to have invented the first computer.人们一致认为查尔斯巴贝奇发明了第一台计算机。No harm seems to have been done.似乎并没有造成伤害。Do you mind being interrupted while studying?你介意学习时被打扰吗？(2014江西高考单选改编)Having spent nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel.我们几乎花光了所有的钱，所以无法支付住宾馆的费用。Given enou
404、gh time, we are sure to do it well.如果给予我们足够的时间，我们一定能做好。二、非谓语动词的用法(一)非谓语动词作状语的用法1不定式作状语(1)作目的状语不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard.为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers.公
405、共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。(2)作结果状语不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果。Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。(3)作原因状语常用于“主语(人)系动词形容词(过去分词)to do”结构中。形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用于这类结构中的形容词和过去分词有sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, a
406、nxious, delighted, pleased, foolish等。We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。常用于“主语(物)系动词形容词to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主动形
407、式表示被动意义。The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on.这把椅子看上去很硬，但实际上坐上去很舒服。2分词作状语分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。(1)作时间状语相当于when, while, before, since, as引导的时间状语从句。Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entir
408、ely different word order.When the sentence was translated into English, it was found to have an entirely different order.被译成英语后，我们发现这个句子有了一个完全不同的语序。(2)作原因状语相当于because, since, as引导的原因状语从句。Not understanding this problem, he asked the teacher about it.Because he didnt understand this problem, he asked
409、the teacher about it.因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。Defeated by his deskmate, he felt discouraged.Because he was defeated by his deskmate, he felt discouraged.由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。(3)作条件状语相当于if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.If Im given another hour, I can also work out the proble
410、m.如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。(4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。(5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his f
411、lat as soon as possible.One evening Harry phoned me, and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible.一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。(6)作让步状语相当于though, although, even if等引导的让步状语从句。Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.Though he was warned of the danger, he still went skating on
412、the thin ice.虽然被警告危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。3独立主格结构作状语独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的成分构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。独立主格结构可置于主句前、主句后或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开，在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。(1)逻辑主语名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/非谓语动词So many children to support, they both have to work full time.有这么多孩子要养，他们俩不得不全日工作。The guide le
413、ading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it.吉姆专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力都集中在上面了。There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。It being Sunday, I didnt need to get up early this morning, so
414、 I stayed in bed until 9 am.因为是周日，我不必早起，所以一直睡到早上九点。(2)with/without复合宾语“with/without宾语宾语补足语”结构可以构成独立主格结构，在句中常作伴随状语和原因状语。I couldnt do my homework with all that noise going on.由于噪音不断我做不了作业。It was a pity that the great writer died with his works unfinished.真可惜，这位伟大的作家去世时，作品尚未完成。The girl feels excited wi
415、th so many places of interest to visit.有这么多的名胜可以参观，小女孩很兴奋。(二)非谓语动词作定语的用法1不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作。The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。(2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。He has no pen to write with.他没有钢笔写字。(3)不定式用来修饰
416、被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主动关系。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。The ability to express an idea is as important as the
417、idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。2分词作定语(1)及物动词的分词形式作定语作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine.(2015北京高考单选)公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主动)We must keep a secre
418、t of the things being discussed here.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行)The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。(被动、完成)(2)不及物动词的分词形式作定语作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进
419、行)fallen leaves落叶(表完成)3动名词作定语动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。a walking stick拐杖a reading room阅览室a sleeping car卧铺车(三)非谓语动词作宾语的用法1只能用不定式作宾语的动词下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree,
420、 ask/beg, help。此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。2只能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语下列动词或动词短语只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。consider， suggest/advise， look forward to， excuse/pardon； admit， delay/
421、put off， fancy (想象，设想)； avoid， miss， keep/keep on， practice； deny， finish， enjoy/appreciate； forbid， imagine， risk； cant help (禁不住)， mind， allow/permit， escape。此外，下列动词短语也要用动名词作宾语：be used/accustomed to, lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand (无法
422、忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, thank .for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in), look forward to。We only missed seeing each other by five minutes.我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。My mother couldnt help smiling when she heard the good news
423、.听到那好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。3既可以接不定式也可以接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语下列动词或动词短语既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：后接不定式后接动名词regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事regret doing sth.后悔做过某事forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事forget doing sth.忘记已做过某事remember to do sth.记得要做某事remember doing sth.记得做过某事mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事try to do sth
424、.努力/企图做某事try doing sth.试着做某事cant help (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。Missing this train means waiting for another hour.错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。(四)非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法1不定式作宾语补足语有些动词及动词短语后接不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语sb.to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：
425、advise建议 allow允许 ask询问；要求beg乞求 cause导致 encourage鼓励expect期望 forbid禁止 force强迫intend意欲 invite邀请 order订购persuade说服 prefer喜爱 require需要teach教 remind提醒 tell告诉want想要 warn警告 wish想要wait for等待 depend on依靠 call on号召；要求The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。He depends on you to help him with
426、 his English.他指望你帮助他学英语。2分词作宾语补足语(1)现在分词作宾语补足语时，表主动、进行。They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们使用电脑以使交通畅通无阻。(2)过去分词作宾语补足语时，表被动、完成。He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.他试图使自己的工作在医学界得到认可。3非谓语动词作感官动词和使役动词的宾补(1)感官动词see, watch, observe, hear, notice等的宾补有以下形式(以see为例
427、)：see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事I saw him leave a few minutes ago.我看见他几分钟前离开了。see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事The suspect was seen entering the building.有人看见疑犯进入了大楼。see sb./sth. done看见某人/某物被Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home.(2015
428、陕西高考单选)在非洲提供了两年的医疗服务，李医生回来后十分高兴地看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾。(2)常见的使役动词有四个：have, make, let, get，表示“使，让”的含义。have/make/let sb. do sth.以及get sb. to do sth.表示“让/使某人做某事”，宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。The teacher had/made/let some students stay in the classroom after school.The teacher got some students to stay in the classroom af
429、ter school.放学后老师让一些学生待在教室里。make用于被动语态时，其后要用带to的不定式作主语补足语。He was made to work day and night.他被迫日夜工作。 have/getsb./sth.doing sth.让某人/某物一直做某事He had the light burning all night, which made his parents very angry.他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。have sb. doing sth.用于否定句中，常与cant, wont等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。I wont have you spea
430、king to your dad like that.我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。 have/get/make宾语done让被/遭遇某事(强调被动性动作)Ill have/get/make my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。He had his wallet stolen on his way home.在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。(五)非谓语动词作主语和表语的用法1不定式作主语和表语(1)不定式作主语，一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而不定式是真正的主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。To climb the mountain
431、 is hard work but to go down the mountain is great fun.上山很艰难，下山却很好玩。It is not easy to find your way around the town.在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。(2)不定式作表语常用来表示预定要发生的动作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设；但当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，这时的不定式只作单纯的表语，而不具有未来的含义。His wish is to be a doctor in the future.他的愿望是将来当一名医生。My job is to clean the rooms ev
432、ery day.我的工作是每天打扫房间。2动名词作主语和表语(1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语放在句末。常用于固定句型：Its a waste of time doing .；Its no use/good doing .；It is useless . doing .；There is no .等中。Knowing basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.掌握基本的急救技能将会有助于你在遇到紧急情况时迅速作出反应。It is no use
433、 complaining without taking action.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。There is no joking about such serious matters.这样严肃的事开不得玩笑。(2)动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。Our job is playing all kinds of music.我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。典题精选我来改正常设误点(2015浙江高考)I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. (2016
434、日照一模)Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.sitsittingsingsinging(1)谓语动词与非谓语动词的错用句中已经有谓语动词，且另一动词不作并列谓语，则只能用非谓语动词。(2013陕西高考)Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish. (2013浙江高考)I am awfully tiring, but I know Ill never fall asleep.FeltFeelingtiringtired(2)过去分词与现在分
435、词的错用现在分词表示主动、进行；过去分词表示被动、完成；现在分词转化的形容词表示“令人的”，常修饰物；而过去分词转化的形容词表示“感到的”，常修饰人。(2013四川高考)Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asked me to let her to copy my answers.去掉 let_her后的to(3)不定式符号to的多余在感官动词和使役动词(get除外)后面用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。(2015四川高考)Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share
436、with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.在want后加to(4)不定式符号to的缺失有些动词，如want, decide, plan等后应接带to的动词不定式作宾语。(2014辽宁高考)It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside. (2016太原市高三第二学段测评)I am looking forward to see you.understandingunderstandseeseeing(5)对to是介词还是不定式符号的
437、误判不定式符号to后接动词原形，另外应特别注意含有介词to的短语，如look forward to, get used to, the key to等，它们后跟动词时需用动词的ing形式。.单句语法填空1(2016河北衡水中学二模)If you hand in your homework late, attach a note explaining (explain) the reason for the delay.2(2016海口二模)Messi started playing soccer at the age of 5 for a small soccer team owned (ow
438、n) by his father. Even as a young boy, he did very well.3(2016曲阜市三校模拟)To_save (save) energy, we turn off the lights for Earth Hour on the last Saturday in March.4(2016枣庄模拟)Mr. Woods anger disappeared then and there. He said, “Id better go and get changed (change)” Minutes later, he returned, properl
439、y dressed, only to find that the party was nearly over.5(2016海口二模)The clubs in Argentina couldnt help him, but the famous Barcelona club in Spain offered to_accept (accept) Messi on the junior team and pay for the bills.6(2016烟台模拟)He hurried to the train station, only to_find (find) the train had le
440、ft.7(2016济南模拟)A major accident in southern Sweden happened today. Its reported that this afternoon a ship crashed into a bridge. Unluckily, seven cars and six trucks are said to_have_fallen (fall) into the water.8(2016南昌二中模拟)When he left, he said to me, “Im sorry to_have_troubled (trouble) you so mu
441、ch.”9(2016日照模拟)The airport to_be_completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.10(2016大连一模)At the party, the pretty girl wore a very attractive skirt to make herself noticed (notice)11(2016银川二中模拟)Being_surrounded (surround) by beautiful green mountains and located at the foot
442、 of Mount Lu makes it a famous tourist attraction.12(2016山东省实验中学二模)Shirley Chisholm is known as the first black woman elected to the United States Congress and the first black woman to_run (run) for president of the United States.13(2016太原五中阶段检测)Scientists have discovered that staying (stay) in the
443、cold could help us lose weight.14(2016青岛市高三自主诊断)Its never foolish to_acknowledge (acknowledge) you are in the wrong. Being humans, we all need the art of apology.15(2016郑州二模)Firstly, you should consider dividing (divide) them into different groups who are the people you dont know well but see pretty
444、 much daily.16(2016长春市第二次调研)While she was in Kenya, she would hear strange noises made (make) by Mlaika after sunset.17(2016吉林省实验中学模拟)He appreciated being_given (give) a chance to make a presentation in the annual seminar on Comparative Literature.18(2016平顶山模拟)You can imagine how terribly shy I was
445、the moment I thought of that with so many eyes fixed (fix) upon me.19(2016大连高三一模)With a lot of work to_do (do), she wasnt allowed to leave her office.20(2016烟台一模)I got to the office earlier that day, having_caught (catch) the 7：30 train from Paddington.单句改错1(2012四川高考短文改错)Thank you so much for not on
446、ly giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person.teachteaching2(2011四川高考短文改错)The man did as told and slept really well, wake up before the alarm had even gone off.wakewaking3(2011辽宁高考短文改错)The commanding officer, Wayne Tyler, who is directly responsible for the study of all such reports,
447、decided to making his findings known.makingmake4(2011辽宁高考短文改错)Follow this explanation, there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings, though the rate remained above the previous level.FollowFollowing 5.(2011陕西高考短文改错)Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home,
448、 I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favourite actors. makemaking6(2011大纲卷短文改错)My brother was so fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying another couple of days.stayingstay7(2011全国卷短文改错) I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou.buybuying8(2
449、011重庆高考短文改错)With the help of Katia, a roommate of mine, Ive soon got used to live without my parents around.live_living9(2016东北三校联考)About half an hour later, the driver returned the camera.Both of us were grateful to the driver, and Tim, in particular, insisted on have a photo taken with him.havehav
450、ing10(2016海口调研测试一)Classes teaching in English provide students with a better environment.teachingtaught.语法填空(2016河南三市第二次联考)As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past few _1_ (century), a new electrical generating and transmission system for the 21st century will leave a _
451、2_ (last) mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but _3_ the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will _4_ (lay) do
452、wn to move electricity around.Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in _5_ West. This is not an argument against _6_ (build) them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of _7_， we need to be able to move electricity a
453、round far more readily _8_ we can now.So balance will have to _9_ (make). Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species will be forced to move or will be _10_ (careful) moved to special accommodation. Measures will be taken to reduce the immediate effects.语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。对比高速公路、铁路的建设对美国西部的影响，作者
454、探讨了可替代能源建设将对该地区产生的影响，建议建设中要审慎。1centuries空格前的“few”用于修饰可数名词复数，故空格处应用century的复数形式centuries。2lasting根据空格前的冠词“a”和空格后的名词“mark”可推知，空格处作定语，修饰名词。故用last的形容词形式lasting。3inin the ways为固定搭配，意为“以这些方式”，符合语境。故填in。4be laid因该句主语“power lines”和空格处所填动词的被动语态之间为被动关系。故填be laid。5thethe West为专有名词，意为“西部，西方”。故填定冠词the。6building空
455、格前的“against”为介词，介词后应接名词、动名词或代词。故用build的动名词形式building。7it分析该句结构可知，空格处代指该句中的“alternative energy”，作介词of的宾语。故用it。8than根据该句中的“far more”可知，此处表示比较的概念，空格处填比较级标志词than；far more than为固定搭配，意为“远超过”，符合语境。9be made该句主语为“balance”，和动词“make”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据空格前的“will have to”可知，空格处应用be动词的原形。故填be made。10carefully分析该句结构
456、可知，空格处修饰动词“moved”，应用副词。故填careful的副词形式carefully。.短文改错(2016吉林省实验中学第五次模拟)I should be very pleasant if you could come to my home and stay us for a few days in the summer holidays. My native village is much beautiful. I can imagine the time when we are going to spend together. Every morning they should t
457、ake a walk in the neighboring hills, which we can enjoy the fresh air and sweet songs sung by the birds. In the afternoon, we shall go for swim in the river. At night we shall sit in the yard, chatting and observe the stars in the sky. Please let me know how you think about the plan. I do look forwa
458、rd to your coming my home.答案：第一句：pleasantpleased; stay后加with第二句：muchvery第三句：whenthat/which或去掉when第四句：theywe; whichwhere第五句：swim前加a第六句：observeobserving第七句：howwhat第八句：coming后加to第十二讲 情态动词和虚拟语气(一)情态动词单句语法填空1(2015北京高考改编)Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late.I really must go now. My daughter is h
459、ome alone.2. (2015福建高考改编)Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.Oh, its too bad. You should_have_made (make) full preparations.3(2015陕西高考改编)You may feel all the training a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.4(2015重庆高考改编)You must be Carol. You havent
460、 changed a bit after all these years.5(2014江西高考改编)Life is unpredictable; even the poorest might become the richest.6(2014四川高考改编)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother would take me to Disneyland at weekends.7(2014江苏高考改编)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, should bring me food
461、.8(2013辽宁高考改编)Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He must_have_drunk (drink) too much at the party last night.一、情态动词的基本用法(一)can/could的用法1表示能力，意为“能，会”。Many people can use the computer.许多人会用电脑。No one could answer this challenging question.没人能回答这个具有挑战性的问题。2表示客观或理论上的可能性。It can be very hot here in summer.这里夏
462、天有时会很热。Accidents can happen to any drunken driver.醉酒的司机都有可能发生交通事故。3表示请求或允许。在疑问句中could可以代替can，语气更委婉。Can I have a word with you? It wont take long.(2014北京高考单选)我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。4表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句。can比could语气强。He cant be our manager. He has gone to Beijing.他不可能是我们经理。我们经理已经去北京了。He cant have left. Hi
463、s coat is here.他不可能已经走了。他的外套还在这里。(二)may/might的用法1表示请求和许可。在疑问句中might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。Might I ask for a picture of your little daughter?Yes, you may.我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗？是的，可以。2表示推测，意为“或许，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may语气弱。I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He might not come. He said he wa
464、snt certain what his plans were.我真的不喜欢詹姆斯。为什么你邀请他？别担心，他或许不会来。他说他还不能确定他的计划。3表示祝愿，常用结构为“May主语动词原形！”May you be happy every day!愿你快乐每一天！(三)must的用法1表示“必须”，语气强烈。have to表示“不得不”，意义与must相近，但又有所区别。must表示说话人的主观看法，have to则强调客观需要；must只有一种形式，而have to有人称、时态等方面的变化。Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule ri
465、ght now?I am afraid you must, in case he comes late for the meeting.我该马上通知他日程改了吗？我想你必须(通知他)，以免他开会迟到。I have to go now , because my mother is in hospital.我现在不得不走了，因为我母亲在住院。2表示推测，意为“一定”，用于肯定句。Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday. I found it wet.昨天一定有人用了我的雨伞，我发现它湿了。3意为“偏要，非要不可”。If you must go, a
466、t least wait until the storm is over.如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停止。4mustnt表示禁止，意为“不得，不允许；一定不要”。That car is my property; you mustnt use it without my permission.那辆车是我的财产，你必须得到我的允许才能使用。(四)shall的用法1用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见。Shall we put off the sports meet till next month?我们能否将运动会推迟到下个月？Shall Tom go there with me
467、tomorrow?明天汤姆可以和我一起去那里吗？2用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心等；或用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。You shall be punished for what you have done.你必须为你的所作所为受到惩罚。(五)should/ought to的用法1should表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。We should be strict with ourselves.我们对自己应该严格要求。2should表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然，居然”。Such a gentleman should do that.这
468、样一位绅士竟然会做那种事。3ought to表示义务或责任，意为“应该”，语气比should稍重。You ought not to be late for such an important meeting.这么重要的会议你不应该迟到的。4should和ought to表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该，估计”。She promised to come by 10 oclock. She should/ought to be here at any moment.她答应10点之前来的。她随时都可能来到。(六)will/would的用法1表示意愿、意志、决心。will指现在，would指过去。
469、I will never talk to him again.我再也不愿意和他说话了。Why didnt you come to Simons party last night?I wanted to, but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night.为什么你昨天晚上没来参加西蒙的聚会？我想去参加，但只是我妈妈不愿意让我那么晚出去。2表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于第二人称疑问句中。would比will语气委婉。Would you mind opening the window for me?请你给我打开窗户好吗？3表示习惯性动作、
470、固有属性、必然趋势，意为“总是；习惯于”。will指现在，would指过去。Fish will die without water.没有水，鱼会死去的。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。Mum would tell us stories before we went to bed.过去在我们上床睡觉前，妈妈总给我们讲故事。4表示功能，意为“能，可以”，常用于否定句。The door wont open.这门打不开。(七)need的用法作情态动词时，need没有人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形，一般用
471、于否定句或疑问句中。其否定形式是在其后直接加not，疑问形式是直接将need提到主语前。由need构成的一般疑问句，其肯定回答用must。You neednt be told twice about one single thing.同一件事不必对你说两遍。Need I tell him everything thats happened to his parents?Yes, you must./No, you neednt.我有必要告诉他有关他父母发生的一切吗？是的，必须。/不，没必要。need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称和数的变化，后面可跟名词、带to的不定式或动名词等作宾语，其否定形式
472、、疑问形式都要通过助动词do构成。 Plants need light in order to survive.植物存活必须有光照。Do I need to leave my telephone number and address?我有必要把电话号码和地址留下吗？You dont need to hand in your compositions today.你们今天不必交作文。二、“情态动词have done”的用法情态动词have done用法must have done一定做过某事，其否定形式为cant/couldnt have donecan/could have done1.本来能
473、够做某事但却未做2可能做过某事cant/couldnt have done不可能做过某事may/might have done或许/可能做过某事should/ought to have done本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了neednt have done做了本没有必要做的事情He is so happy. He must have won the match.他这么高兴，他一定赢了这次比赛。She cant have read about the explosion. She didnt know anything about it.她不可能读过关于爆炸的消息，她对此一点也不
474、知道。You could have done better, but you were too careless.你本来能做得更好些，但你当时太粗心了。She may have bought the dictionary, but Im not sure.她可能买了那本词典，但我不太确信。Sorry, Im late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。Look! There are so many mistakes in your composi
475、tion.You should have fixed full attention on it.看！ 你的作文里有这么多的错误。你本应该把所有的注意力都集中在它上面的。We neednt have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.既然苏西不与我们一起吃晚饭，我们原本不必买那么多食物。(二)虚拟语气单句语法填空1(2012广东高考语法填空)He walked in as if he had_bought (buy) the school.2(2015安徽高考改编)It is lucky we booked
476、 a room, or we would_have (have) nowhere to stay now.3(2015重庆高考改编)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldnt_have_written (not write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.4(2015天津高考改编)I wish I had_been (be) at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.5(20
477、15陕西高考改编)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced (dance) as well as her.6(2014北京高考改编)We would_be (be) back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.7(2014福建高考改编)If there were (be) no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.8(2013浙江高考改编)Eye
478、doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam (should)_be (be) at the age of six months old.一、if条件句中的虚拟语气if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might动词原形表示过去情况had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词should动词原形表示将来情况should/would/could/might动词原形动词过去式were to动词原形If I had enough m
479、oney, I would buy myself a computer first of all.如果我有足够的钱，我首先要为自己买一台电脑。We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadnt offered us a ride home.(2012天津高考单选)如果昨天哈罗德没送我们回家，我们会打出租车回家的。If I saw/should see/were to see him tomorrow, I would invite him home.如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。二、错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和
480、主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。If we had booked a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.(2013北京高考单选)如果我们早一点订一张桌子，现在就不会站在这里排队了。If you hadnt left home without a word, your parents wouldnt be so worried now.要是你说句话再离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担心了。三、省略if的倒装句在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略if，把were,
481、 had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。Were she my daughter, I wouldnt allow her to study abroad.如果她是我的女儿，我就不让她出国学习了。Had he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.(2014天津高考单选)如果他赶上了早班火车，他就不会开会迟到了。四、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise, but, or, without, but for等来引导或者通过上下文引出。But f
482、or your advice, I would have failed.If you hadnt given me advice, I would have failed.如果不是你的建议，我会失败的。Without your help, I wouldnt have succeeded anyway.If you hadnt helped me, I wouldnt have succeeded anyway.没有你的帮助，我无论如何也不会成功。五、(should) do .结构的虚拟语气1用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中常见的动词有：demand, order, require
483、, insist, suggest, propose, advise, request, urge, command, prefer, desire, recommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should动词原形”，should可以省略。一主张：insist二命令：order, command三建议：suggest, advise, recommend四要求：request, require, ask, demand外加一个敦促：urgeThe school recommends parents not permit their children to swim in rivers
484、or lakes during summer holidays.学校建议父母在暑假别允许他们的小孩在河里或湖里游泳。2用于主语从句中在It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essentialthat从句中，从句的谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.人们建议会议推迟到下周。3用于表语从句和同位语从句中在s
485、uggestion, proposal, order, idea(意见，想法), request, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should动词原形”，should可以省略。My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.我的意见是在接受之前我们要反复考虑。Your suggestion that the door (should) be shut when we leave is reasonable.你的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。六、wish 宾语从句中的
486、虚拟语气I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是一只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。I wish you had come to the lecture.但愿你当时来听报告了。We wish we would live on the moon one day. 但愿我们有一天能住在月球上。七、其他句型中的虚拟语气1would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。When my father is upset, he wou
487、ld rather we left him alone.当我的父亲烦恼的时候， 他更喜欢我们不打扰他。Id rather you hadnt told me about it.我宁愿你没有告诉我那件事。2在“It is (about/high) timethat从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should动词原形”表示虚拟语气。Its high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.是我们致力于环境保护和生态改善的时候了。3as if, as though引导的
488、表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。It seems as though it were spring already.看起来好像已经是春天了一样。(事实上不是)The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon. It seems as if she had been to the moon many times.这个女孩对月球的描述非常逼真，就好像她去过月球很多次似的。(事实上并没去过)4if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。Look at the trouble
489、were in.If only we had taken our teachers advice!看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！典题精选我来改正常设误点(2015四川高考)If you are me, would you talk to them?(2016石家庄市二模)Therefore, we strongly suggest that similar events are held every year!(2016哈尔滨六中四模)Dear fellow students, its high time that we pay attention to this phen
490、omenon.arewerearebepaypaid或在pay前加should虚拟语气的错用注意以下几点：条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。应注意表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反时从句谓语动词的形式；宾语从句中的虚拟语气。表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”等词后的宾语从句中谓语动词常用“(should)动词原形”，被动式则为“(should) be过去分词”；Its (high) time (that)后的从句谓语动词用一般过去时或“should动词原形”，此时should一般不省略。.用情态动词或其否定形式填空1(2016兰州市诊断考试)Sometimes smiles around the world
491、can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry.2(2016江西新余二模)You neednt have taken so much cash with you, you know that shop accepted checks.3(2016四川部分名校联测)According to the factory safety rules, all accidents shall be reported to the safety officer.4(2016大连一模)School is over.How can we
492、contact Robert?Try phoning him. He should be home by now. He lives only a stones throw from the school.5(2016西工大附中一模)Thank you for inviting us.Tell your wife that she gave us a perfect party.I will.See you later.6(2016郑州高三诊断)She couldnt have attended that meeting, for she was doing paperwork in the
493、office then.7(2016河南罗山高中二模)The fire was so big that it was several hours before firefighters could get it under control.8(2016唐山一中仿真模拟)You talk so much about London.You must have been there.Yeah, I went sightseeing on a tour last summer.9(2016石家庄二模)What a slow bus this is!Yes, we may/might just as w
494、ell walk.10(2016聊城二模)When she was a little girl, she would sit by the window every evening, deep in thought.用所给词的适当形式填空1(2016临沂二模)We could_have_faced (face) the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?2(2016济南模拟)Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he did/should_do (do) something instea
495、d of just talking.3(2016江西八校一模)Sorry, I am too busy now.If I had (have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.4(2016南昌一模)His expression suggested that he had_passed (pass) the test.5(2016东北三校联考)The order came that the medical supplies (should)_be_sent (send) to the earthquakestricken are
496、a soon.6(2016河南商丘一模)Frankly, Id rather you didnt_do (not do) anything about it for the time being.The boss is very angry.7(2016山东省实验中学二模)If you had told me in advance, I would_have_met (meet) him at the airport.8(2016大庆市二轮复习检测)My father suggests that I (should)_take (take) enough sleep before the fi
497、nal examination.9(2016江西九江三模)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we would_have_visited (visit) more places of interest yesterday.10(2016洛阳高三二模)Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy would_have_been_saved (save).单句改错1(2012全国卷短文改错)Meanwhile, I found out
498、that with more patience I must make my toys last. mustcould/might 2(2016青岛自主诊断)If only I have read the books on reading list before I attended the lecture. havehad3(2016太原五中阶段检测)If you listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. listened前加had 4.(2016山西四校模拟)But for the rain, we should have a
499、pleasant journey yesterday. have后加had5(2016海口二模)He had telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. 去掉had6(2016曲阜市三校模拟)Its surprising that she won over her mother. won(should)_win7(2016大连高三一模)My suggestion is that we will hold a meeting this evening.willshould或去掉
500、will8(2016吉林省实验中学第五次模拟)If I am you, I would take an umbrella. amwere.语法填空(2016河北百校联盟3月模拟)Do you have sleeping problems? If so, then these tips may help you fall asleep fast.Set aside the thought _1_ you have to fall asleep. The more you think of it, the _2_ (hard) you will fall asleep.The foods you
501、eat also play _3_ important part. Avoid eating or drinking things like chocolates, coffee, tea and energy drinks. If you have to, then have them in the morning and never in the afternoon, _4_ (especial) before going to bed. Dont eat too much at night. A full stomach will make it more difficult for y
502、ou _5_ (fall) asleep because your body is working more time to digest the food you ate.Make a _6_ (fix) time to go to bed. For example, by 9 oclock in the evening you should already be in bed. Do this even if youre not sleepy yet. Once _7_ (follow) this routine, you will gradually see that you feel
503、_8_ (sleep) when its 9 oclock.Make your room comfortable for sleeping. You should also take note that the sleeping environment also affects your sleep. It must be in the room _9_ its not noisy. Otherwise, you will find _10_ difficult to fall asleep again after waking up.1that设空处引导同位语从句，对thought进行解释说
504、明，所填词在从句中不作成分且语义完整，故用that。2harder本句为“the比较级 ., the比较级 .”结构，故填harder。3anplay an important part“起重要作用，扮演重要角色”。4especially修饰介词短语before going to bed应用副词形式，故填especially。5to fall在句型“make itadj.(difficult, easy etc.)for sb.to do sth.”中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式短语。6fixed设空处作定语修饰time，故应用形容词形式。fixed“固定的，不变的”，符合语境。
505、7following句意：一旦你开始这样做的话，就会逐渐发现自己在9点的时候就觉得困了。follow与逻辑主语you是主动关系，故应填现在分词following。8sleepyfeel 为系动词，后接形容词作表语。sleepy“困的”，符合语境。9where设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the room，并在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。10it在句式结构“find it difficult to do sth.”中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式短语。.短文改错(2016天水一中高考信息卷)Im Li Hua and Im writing to apply for th
506、e assistant post you advertised on Internet.It is stated in my resume, I graduated from Zhejiang University with outstanding academic performances. I have a good command of English, and which is an advantage when apply for a job like this. Among all the factor, cooperation is the most important stre
507、ngth of a good assistant. I think I do good in the team work and Im good at communicate with different people. Besides, I once get a parttime job in 2012 in Shandong Province and gained some precious work experience. Since your company attaches important to employees creativity, thats an honor for m
508、e to be one of your staff. Im positive that I can be capable of this job if offered the chance. Thanks for your consideration. 答案：第一句：Internet前加the第二句：ItAs第三句：去掉and; applyapplying第四句：factorfactors第五句：goodwell; communicatecommunicating第六句：getgot第七句：importantimportance; thatsits 版权所有高考资源网诚招驻站老师，联系QQ2355394696