1、2008届高考第二轮复习英语语法讲解连词连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。（一）并列连词：并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。常用的并列连词有：and（和），as well as（既又），both and（不但而且），not only but also（不但而且），not but（不是而是），neither nor（既不也不），either or（不是就是），or（或者），but （但是），yet（然而
2、），for（因为），so（所以），while（而），when（这时）等。如：Both my brother and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy（暗沉沉的）./ He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious（光荣的）yet difficult task./ Strike while iron is hot.（二）从属连词从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有：引导时间状语从句的：after, b
3、efore, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as 引导原因状语从句的：because, since, as引导让步状语从句的：although, though, no matter（无论）, even if (though)引导条件状语从句的：if, unless, once, so (as) long as 引导结果状语从句的：so that , such that 引导目的状语从句的：so that , in order that 引导比较状语从句的：as as , not so (as) as , than 引导方式状语从句的：
4、as if 引导主语，宾语或表语从句的连词主要有：that, whether, if三个。其中that 和whether间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。（三）某些用法比较特殊的从属连词用法区别1、当while, when, as引导时间状语从句时的区别：while引导的状语从句中动词必须是持续性。谓语动词多为进行时，或状态动词的一般时。while 的这些用法可用when代替，等于 at the time that, during the time that。例如：Please keep quiet while (when) others are studying； when除可指一段时间外，
5、还可用来指一点时间，等于 at the time，也就是说when引出的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性的，也可以延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时，进行时，或完成时。例如：When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment.（when不能换成while）He often makes mistakes when he is speaking English.（when可换成while）as常可与when，while通用，但强调一边、一边。例如：As (when, while) I was walking dow
6、n the street, I noticed a police car in front of number 37. when引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致，主、谓是主语+系动词结构时，这时主语和系动词可以省略。例如：When (he was) young, he worked for a rich man./ Shell be here to give you help when (if it is) necessary. when有时代替if，引导条件句，意为如果、假如，例如：Ill come when (if) Im free.2、before作连词一般表示时间，意为在之前，但有
7、些句子中这样译就显得别扭。试看以下句子的翻译：He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎把我撞倒才看见我；Before I could get in a word he had measured me.我还没来得及插话，他已经给我量好了尺寸。3、till, until作为介词式从属连词引导时间状语短语或状语从句，用于否定句时，结构为not until (till)，主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可，意为直到才。用于肯定句时，只与延续性动词连用，表示到为止。例如：They played volleyball until (till) it got d
8、ark./ They didnt talk（延续性动词）until (till) the interpreter（译员）came./ He didnt go to bed（非延续性动词）until (till) the his father came back.；until可以放在句首，till则不行，例如：Until the last minute of the match we kept on playing./ Not until he finished his work did he go home.（倒装）；till, until只用于时间，以下句子是错误的：We walked ti
9、ll the edge of the forest.（要用as far as或to）。4、because, since, as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别：如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because ,因此because引导的从句往往放在句末。用why提问的句子，一定用because回答。例如：He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.；如原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as，或 since。since比as更正式些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：As you are tired, y
10、ou had better rest./ Since everyone is here, now lets begin.5、although和though引导让步状语从句往往用法一样，但注意以下区别：although用于各种文体，而though则多用于非正式的口语或书面语中。注意由although, though引导的从句后，主句不能用but，但可用副词yet, still。例如：Although/ Though it rained all the morning, they still went on working.（或yet they went on working）though常与ev
11、en连用，even though表示强调，意为即使，但不能说even although，例如：Even though I didnt understand a word, I dept smiling. though可用作副词，意为然而，常用逗号与句子分开。although则不能这样使用，它只作连词。例如：It was a quiet party, I had a good time, though. 6、once作副词译曾经，作为连词译一旦，引导条件状语从句。相当于if的加强形式。例如：I dont believe he was once a thief. (once这里是副词)/ Once
12、 Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. (once连词)7、unless引导条件状语从句等于if not 。例如：Hell accept the job unless the salary is too low. ( = Hell accept the job if the salary is not too low.)8、在用as if引导的方式状语从句及表语从句中，根据情
13、况要使用虚拟语气。例如：He talks as if he knew all about it. 但有时也可用直陈语气。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.9、whether, if引导从句的用法区别：引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，用whether，不用if。例如：Whether they will go to the Great Wall is not known./ The question is whether we can finish the task on time./ The question whether we will tak
14、e part in the physics contest has not been decided. whether可接不定式，而if则不可。例如：I havent decided whether to leave or not. whether可作介词的宾语或置于句首表示强调，而if则不可。例如：Everything depends on whether we have enough money./ Whether he will come, I am not sure. whether和 if均可引导宾语从句， whether引导的宾语从句一般都是肯定句，if引导的宾语从句可以是肯定的，
15、也可以是否定的（此时不能用whether），例如：Could you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia?/ I wonder if it doesnt rain. 引导宾语从句的whether和if常可与or not连用。连用时要注意or not的位置，它一般与 whether、if分开使用，有时它可与whether合起来使用，但不能与if合起来使用。例如：I dont know whether/ if they will come or not./ I dont know whether or not they will
16、come.if可用来引导条件状语从句，译如果，whether则不行。例如：If you work hard, you are sure to succeed.10、as作从属连词可引导多种状语从句。as引导时间状语从句，意为当时。例如：As (he was) a young man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./ He sang as he worked. as引导方式状语从句，意为象一样。例如：We must do as the Party teaches us.as引导原因状语从句。意为由于，例如：As you are tire
17、d, you had better rest.as引导让步状语从句。意为虽然、尽管Child as he is, he can do it well. ( = Although he is a child, he can do it well.) 另外，as做为关系代词还可以引导定语从句，如：I have the same book as you. 练习、连词1 .He is very old,_ he still works very hard. A. but B.if C.when D.as2. _ you are dismissed.A. Neither you go nor B. Ei
18、ther you go or C. Whether you go orD. Both you go and3. They had camped once before, _ they knew what to take.A. because B. nowC. soD. since4. Why these things happened was _ the driver had been careless. A. because of B. owing to C. due to D. that5. Although, its raining, _are still working in the
19、fields.A. they B. but they C. and they D. so they6._we have satisfied you, you have no grounds of complaint.A. SoB. Since thatC. Now thatD. By now.7. Write clearly _ your teacher can understand .you correctly.A. since B. forC. because D. so that8.Youll miss the train _ you hurry up. A. unless B. as
20、C. if D. until 9. Francis did the task_ his brother. A. as good as B. as better as C. as well as D. as best as10.The size of the audience,_ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand.A. asB. whatC. thatD. whom11.I thought he hated the TV .You are right,_ he still watches the program.A. yetB. bes
21、idesC. also D. then12. It looks _ its going to rain. A. that B. as C. as if D. like that13._ to New York, her father has not heard from her.A. Because she went B. After she went C. When she went D. Since she went14._he daydreamed, Peter saw figures in the sky. A. Until B. Since C. While D. During15.
22、 We arrived at the station _ the train had left. A. after B. before C. sinceD. when16._ he was in poor health, he worked just as hard as everyone else.A. ButB. AlthoughC. Even ifD. If17. Give me one more minute _ Ill have finished. A. so B. until C. and D. when18. The worker hunted for jobs in New Y
23、ork for months,_ he could not find any work.A. andB. yetC. orD. and but19. Hurry up, _ youll be late. A. orB. andC. soD. yet20. Do not make the same mistake _ I did. A. soB. as C. likeD. that21. My sister is expecting me,_ I must be off now. A. however B. or C. soD. otherwise22. We should pay attent
24、ion _ to industry _ to agriculture.A. either, orB. neither, norC. not, butD. both, and23. He ran off_ I could stop him. A. beforeB. afterC. sinceD. when24._ you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. A. Till B. Until C. After D. Since25. Where have you been _ you left home? A. before B. as C
25、. since D. when 26._ the problem of method is solved, talking about the task is useless.A. Until B. Since C. After D. Unless27. We have produced 15% more cotton this year_ we did last year.A. asB. thanC. like D. white28.It is late; _, Im too tired to go out. A. besides B. except C. except for D. exc
26、ept that29. Everything around us is _ solid .liquid _ gas.A. not . .but. B. either. .or. C. neither. .nor.D. whether. .or.30. He will come _ you ask him. A. whetherB. unless C. if D. while31._ he will come or not is still unknown. A. If B. WhereC. ThatD. Whether32.I don t know _ to stay at home or g
27、o out. A. whetherB. ifC. howD. where 33. He spoke loudly _ the audience could hear him clearly.A. soB. thatC. so thatD. in order to34. The book is not easy._ its rather difficult.A. On the one handB. On the contrary C. On the other handD. On the other contrary35. You must work hard,_ you will not le
28、arn English well.A. ifB. whetherC. otherwiseD. unless36. It rained heavily,_ the basketball match had to be put off.A. so thatB. when C. otherwiseD. therefore37. We must do _ the people want us to do.A. whatever B. however C. wherever D. whenever38. You are certainly right,_ others may say. A. what
29、B. whatever C. that D. as39._ makes mistakes must correct them. A. Who B. What C. Whoever D. Whatever40.Ill discuss it with you _ you like to come. A. whenB. whereC. whoeverD. whenever41._ you work, you must always serve the people heart and soul.A. Wherever B. Whenever C. Where D. When 42._you unde
30、rstand this rule, you will have no further difficulty.A. Once B. At once C. Only D. Only then43._ difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.A. No matter how B. No matter what C. No matter whenD. No matter where44. We can surely overcome these difficulties _,_ we are closely united.A. s
31、o far as B. so long as C. as soon asD. as well as45._ I know he will stay here for half a year.A. as soon as B. as long as C. so far asD. as well as46. Please write me _ you arrive in New York.A. as well as B. so long as C. as far asD. as soon as47. That is not _ I want. A. thatB. whyC. whatD. whose
32、48. _ he did it remains a secret. A. WhatB. WhomC. WhichD. How 49. It is quite clear _ he wont see us. A. whatB. thatC. whyD. how50. Would you tell me _ way I should take? A. whatB. thatC. whichD. whose51. I am sure _ you said is true. A. whatB. thatC. whichD. who52. The trouble is _ we can not find
33、 such an expert.A. whyB. thatC. whereD. /53. It has not been decided _ they will leave.A. whyB. whenC. whichD. what54. We shall go _ you are ready. A. whileB. as soon asC. asD. since55. He will tell you about it _ you get there. A. while B. asC. whenD. /56. Dont try to get off the bus _ it has stopp
34、ed.A. whileB. asC. sinceD. before57. Ill come and see you _ I go to the countryside.A. whileB. whenC. as soon asD. before58. _ he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in the study of English.A. WhileB. WhenC. SinceD. After59. Things have changed a lot _ I wrote to you last time
35、.A. whenB. sinceC. asD. before60. I cant use your pen, _ there is no ink in it. A. forB. whenC. ifD. whether 61. Id like to go swimming _ the water is not too cold.A. forB. unlessC. ifD. whether62. Difficulties are nothing _ we are not afraid of them.A. forB. asC. ifD. whether63. The doctor will not
36、 perform the operation _ it is absolutely necessary.A. whenB. ifC. forD. unless64. Go back _ you came from. A. untilB. whereC. whichD. when65. He lay _ the grass was the thickest. A. whereB. whenC. thatD. after66. You will find friendly people _ you go in China.A. whereB. andC. whereverD. so 67. _ i
37、t was already dark, they went on working in the fields.A. IfB. WhetherC. ButD. Though68. _ he has finished writing the novel is unknown. A. IfB. WhetherC. WhenD. While69. Well go and see the patient _we are busy. A. even ifB. forC. ifD. while70. The museum is _ far _ it will take us half an hour to
38、get there by bus.A. such. that B. as.as C. so.that D. so asKeys:15 ABCDA 610 CDACA 1115 ACDBA 1620 BCBAB 2125 CDABC 2630 BBABC 3135 DACBC 3640 AABCD 4145 AAABC 4650 DCDBC 5155 ABBBC 5660 DDCBA 6165 CCDBA 6670 CDBAC 2006全国各省市高考试卷中的连词试题:1 (全国卷2)13. We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall,
39、 _, in fact, there were 40. A. while B. whether C. what D. which2(北京卷)34. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail. A. and B. for C. but D. or3(辽宁卷)24.He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears.A. why B. where C. when D. while4(辽
40、宁卷)34.I grew up in Africa, at least I should say that I spent much of the first ten years of my life there.A. and B. or C. so D. but5(四川卷)24. Start out right away, _ youll miss the first train.A. andB. butC. orD. while6(天津卷)2. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, the quality of life is probably one of the highest.A. sinceB. whenC. asD. while7(湖南卷)23.A man cannot smile like a child, _ a child smiles with is eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone.A. soB. butC. andD. forKeys:1-7 ABCBC DD