1、.高频单词必记1adj.慷慨的；大方的2n.法则；原则；原理3n.舞台；阶段；时期4vt.&vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决5vt.进攻；攻击；抨击generousprinciplestagevoteattack6vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露7n.意见；看法；主张8n质量；品质；性质n数量；量9adj.积极的；活跃的adv.积极地；活跃地n活动10vt.献身；专心于adj.忠实的；深爱的n献身；奉献；忠诚escapeopinionqualityactivequantityactivelyactivitydevotedevoteddevotion11adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的adv.和平地；平
2、静地；安宁地n和平；平静；和睦12adj.法律的；依照法律的(反义词)非法的；违法的13n暴力；暴行adj.暴力的；猛烈的peacefulpeacefullylegalillegalviolenceviolentpeace14adj.相等的；平等的n平等；相等adv.同样地；相等地；公平地15vt.教育；训练adj.受过教育的；有教养的n教育n教育工作者；教育家16vi.请求；乞求n乞丐17n报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏adj.值得的；有益的；有回报的equalequalityequallyeducateeducatededucationeducatorbegbeggarrewardreward
3、ing.重点短语必背1 失业2事实上3使充气；爆炸4在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中5求助于；致力于out of workas a matter of factblow upin troubleturn to6丧失勇气或信心7当权；上台8设立；建立9被判处(徒刑)10愿意干某事lose heart come to powerset upbe sentenced tobe willing to do.经典句型必会1The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progres
4、s,until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。解读：where引导定语从句修饰stage。仿写：我已经到了应该自己作出决定的人生阶段。I have reached a point in my life _ make decisions of my own.(摘自2009浙江高考单项填空)答案：where I am supposed to2.only then did we decid
5、e to answer violence with violence.只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。解读：only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装。仿写：只有当我们所有人帮助地震灾区的人们时他们才能很快恢复正常的生活。Only when all of us help the people in the earthquake area _ quickly.答案：will they return to their normal life3He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have b
6、een asleep.他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。解读：should have done sth.“本应该做某事而实际上没做”。仿写：他们本应该午饭时到达，但是飞机晚点了。They _ lunchtime but their flight was delayed.(摘自2011全国卷单项填空)答案：should have arrived at4 I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。解读：the first time引导时间状语从句。仿写：我第一次见到她时认为她善良诚实。I
7、 thought her kind and honest _.答案：the first time I met her(1)devote oneself to sth./doing sth.献身于；致力于 devote ones life/time/money/energy to sth./doing sth.把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于(2)devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的 be devoted to sth./doing sth.专心于；奉献于(3)devotion n.关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚 1devote vt.献身；专心于教材P33原句 A great person is
8、 someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.伟人就是将他/她的一生致力于帮助别人的人。He has devoted his whole life to world peace.(摘自2011陕西高考单词拼写)他把他的一生都献给了世界和平事业。He has devoted most of his time and energy a cure for the disease.他把大部分时间和精力都花在寻找这种疾病的治疗方法上了。Her son,she is so devoted,went abroad last year,leaving
9、her alone in the small village.她非常疼爱的儿子去年去了国外，留下她一个人在小村子里。to findingto whomHer devotion to the job left her with very little time.她全身心投入工作，几乎没有闲睱。2.vote vt.&vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决(1)vote for/against 投票赞成/反对 vote on投票表决 vote to do sth.表决做某事(2)put.to the vote付诸表决、裁决 教材P34原句 Black people could not vote or
10、choose their leaders.当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。Russia won the bid for the 2018 World Cup because they got most votes.俄罗斯由于得到多数票而获得2018年世界杯举办权。As we cant reach an agreement on this matter,lets it.因为我们不能在这个问题上达成一致，咱们投票决定吧！People vote against Tom who often tells lies.人们投票反对经常说谎的汤姆。vote on3equal adj.相等的；平等
11、的；胜任的vt.等于；抵得上n.同等的人；相等物(1)be equal to sth./doing sth.等于/胜任做某事of equal importance同等重要的(2)A equals B in.A在方面比得上B/与B相匹敌(3)without equal无与伦比(4)equality n.平等equally adv.相等地；同等地；均等地；同样地教材P34原句 But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal
12、.但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。Our education system should provide equal opportunities for all children.我们的教育制度给所有的孩子提供了平等的机会Its a challenging job but Im sure youll.这是一份具有挑战性的工作，但是我相信你会胜任的。,either in beauty or as a dancer.不管是容貌还是在舞艺上我们都比不上她。be equal to itNone of us can equal herThis position is
13、equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.(摘自2011新课标全国卷阅读理解D)这个职位同样适合于学校毕业生或某个拥有办公室工作经验的人。4escape v&n逃脱；逃生；泄露(1)escape(doing)sth.逃避(做)某事 escape from从逃脱；逃避 escape ones attention/notice 逃过某人的注意(2)fire escape太平梯；安全梯；安全出口 a narrow escape九死一生 教材P38原句 It was a prison f
14、rom which no one escaped.那是个无人逃走过的监狱。So sudden was the attack that the enemy had no time to escape.(摘自2009山东高考单项填空)袭击如此突然使敌人没有时间逃跑。Whoever breaks the law wont escape!无论是谁违犯法律都将避免不了惩罚。Last year I had a narrow escape,and I dont want to risk my life a second time.去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。punishment/being
15、punished5reward n&vt.报酬；奖赏；酬劳；奖金(1)as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏 give/offer a reward to sb.for sth.为某事而给某人报酬 in reward for为酬谢；作为奖励(2)reward sb.with sth.for sth.为某事而用酬谢某人 教材P38原句 They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equa
16、l rights for the Blacks.他们说来自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是对我一生为黑人的平等权利而奋斗的回报。Winning the match was just a reward for the effort the team had made.赢得比赛的胜利是全队付出努力应得的回报。We will offer a reward of ten thousand dollars for information about the case.如果有人提供有关案件的情报，我们愿意出一万元赏金。She got nothing.她的好心没有得到一点回报。in reward for her
17、 kindnessShe started singing to the baby and a smile.她开始给孩子唱歌，孩子则报以微笑。was rewarded withreward,awardreward n.报酬；奖金或一些非金钱的报酬 v.给予报酬，指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏 award n.奖品；奖金 v.授予；颁发award sb.sth.award sth.to sb.以练促记Obama was the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009.How can I your kindness?awardedreward.单词拼写1The compan
18、y attaches much importance to the _(质量)of their products.答案：quality2He loved science so much that he decided to _(献身)his whole life to it.答案：devote3As a holiday destination in winter,the Hainan Island has no e_.答案：equal4He gave the children some chocolate to r_ them for behaving well.答案：reward5The p
19、risoners attempted to e_ from the prison,but in vain.答案：escape.单项填空1It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to _.Arewards BprizesCawards Dresults解析：句意：普遍认为，婴儿学会做事情是因为某些行为会得到奖赏。prize“奖品；奖金”；award“奖品；奖状”；result“结果；导致”；reward“回报；奖赏”。答案：A2Fitness is important
20、 in sport,but of at least _ importance are skills.Afair BreasonableCequal Dproper解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：健康在运动中很重要，但技巧同样重要。fair“公平的”；reasonable“有道理的”；equal“相等的”；proper“合适的”。本句将fitness 与skills作对比，根据句意选C。答案：C3_to his research work,the professor cared little about any other things.ADevoting BDevotedCHaving devot
21、ed DTo devote解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：教授致力于研究工作，对其他任何事情都关心甚少。devote是及物动词，一般用法是sb.be devoted to(doing)sth.或devote oneself to(doing)sth.。本句中the professor和devote之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式devoted作原因状语。答案：B4Mike often attempts to escape_ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.Ahaving been fined Bto have been finedCto be
22、 fined Dbeing fined解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：迈克每次违反交通规则的时候，他都试图逃避惩罚。动词escape后接动词时要用v.ing形式，不接不定式。fine是及物动词，意为“罚款”，需用被动语态。答案：D5He became a citizen,thereby gaining the right to _.Avote BvotesCvoting Dvoted解析：考查短语用法。句意：他成为一位公民，并因此获得了选举权。the right to vote“选举权”。答案：A1.in trouble有麻烦；处于困难中教材P35原句 Elias went to see Nels
23、on Mandela when he was in trouble.伊莱亚斯在有麻烦时去见纳尔逊曼德拉。He just laughed and said something about my being in trouble.(摘自2009湖北高考完形填空)他只是笑笑并且说一些有关我处于困境时的事情。get into trouble 陷入困境；惹麻烦get sb.into/out of trouble 使某人陷入或摆脱困境have trouble/difficultyin doing sth.with sth.做某事有困难ask/look for trouble 自找麻烦；自讨苦吃take t
24、he trouble to do sth.不怕费事或困难尽力做某事If you keep on driving like that,you are going to.如果你继续这样开车，你会惹麻烦的。Whenever we have trouble with our studies,our teachers help us patiently.每逢我们在学习上遇到困难，老师总是耐心辅导。You cant imagine the trouble/difficulty I had change his mind.你无法想象我说服他改变主意有多么困难。get into troublepersuadi
25、ng him to2 turn to求助于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向教材P35原句 Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?为什么纳尔逊曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？I replied and turned to my mom for permission.(摘自2010福建高考完形填空)我回答后转身去请求母亲批准。in such a frightening situation,she felt very helpless.由于在这么恐怖的环境中无人可以求助，她感到非常无
26、助。After he left university he became a teacher,but later journalism.With no one to turn toturned to大学毕业后他当了老师，但后来转向了新闻业。turn down 调小；拒绝 turn into变成 turn off关闭(开关等)turn over打翻；翻身；移交 turn up开大；调高；出现；到场；被发现 turn out证明是；结果是 Whether those people would turn into customers was another question.(摘自2011陕西高考阅
27、读理解C)那些人是否会成为客户是另一回事。3set up设立；建立A working party has been set up to look into the problem.已成立工作组调查该问题。We decided a fund for the Hope Project.to set up我们决定为希望工程设立一项基金。set about doing sth.开始做某事；着手做某事 set aside把放在一边；省出；留出 set down写下；记下 set off出发；动身；使爆炸 set out出发；动身；开始；着手 The London Gazette was the firs
28、t newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising.(摘自2011全国卷阅读理解B)伦敦公报是第一家为商业广告开辟专栏的报纸。He homeless women and children to place of safety.他着手帮助把无家可归的妇女和儿童送到安全的地区。set about helping.完成句子1It is hard for her to support the family because she _(失业)答案：is out of work2Dont hesitate to _(向我们求助)if you are
29、in trouble.答案：turn to us for help3Having got involved in a theft,he _(被判处五年徒刑)答案：was sentenced to five years in prison4I think if he fails again hell just_(失去信心)and give up.答案：lose heart5Most people think that things have changed for the better since the new government _(上台；执政)答案：came to power.单项填空1
30、(2011江苏高考)You look upset.Whats the matter?I had my proposal _ again.Aturned over Bturned onCturned off Dturned down解析：考查动词短语。从对话可知答话人的建议遭到了拒绝，因此有点儿不快。turn down“拒绝；顶回(提议、建议或提议人)”，符合句意。turn over“翻转”；turn on“打开”；turn off“关掉”。答案：D2(2012江苏省苏中三市调研)I havent got a job at the moment,but Im sure that somethin
31、g will _.Aturn in Bturn overCturn up Dturn down解析：考查动词短语。句意：我现在还没有工作，但我确信会有机会找到的。turn up表示“(机会或情况)突然出现；不期而至”，符合句意。turn in“上交；交还”；turn over“翻转；移交”；turn down“关小；拒绝”。答案：C3For all these years I have been working for others.Im hoping Ill _ my own business someday.Aturn up Bfix upCset up Dmake up解析：考查动词短语
32、辨析。句意：这些年来我一直为别人工作，我希望有一天可以开创自己的事业。set up“设立；创立”。turn up“出现”；fix up“安装”；make up“编造”。答案：C4Its important to learn to take a positive attitude _ life when you are _ trouble.Ato;under Bof;inCto;in Dwith;in解析：句意：当你处于困境中时，学会对生活保持乐观的态度是很重要的。名词attitude后用介词to或towards；in trouble“处于困境中”。答案：C1.only then did we
33、decide to answer violence with violence.只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装。Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him.他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。Only yesterday tell him the truth,which was a big surprise to him.昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他，这对他来说真是个令人吃惊的消
34、息。did his fatherOnly some of the children seemedto have understood it.似乎只有一部分孩子明白。关键一点 含有否定意义的副词或连词，如never,not,not only,little,seldom,hardly,not until,neither,nor,no sooner等放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，在no sooner.than.和hardly.when.引导的句子中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。Not only the book,but also he remembered what he had r
35、ead.他不仅看了这本书，而且他还记住他所读的内容了。did he read2I felt bad the_first_time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。句中的the first time用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次”。The first time I interviewed him,he looked a bit nervous.我第一次去采访他时，他看起来有点紧张。名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句的还有：(1)the moment/the minute/the instantimmediately/instantly/
36、directly as soon as一就(2)each/every time 每次的时候next time 下次时any time 任何时候last time 上次时by the time 到为止He paid back the money he owed us immediately he returned home.他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。I see the old man in the park,he is absorbed in reading papers.每次我在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地读报。关键一点 for the first time在句中只能用作状语，不具
37、有连词功能，不可用来引导状语从句。Every time.完成句子/句型转换1一听到儿子的死讯，妈妈突然放声大哭。(the moment)_，the mother burst into tears.答案：The moment she heard her sons death2我们刚到工地就通知老板我们到了。(immediately)_，we informed our boss of our arrival.答案：Immediately we arrived at the work site3It was only when I left my parents for Italy that I r
38、ealized how much I loved them.Only when I left my parents for Italy _ _ _ how much I loved them.答案：did I realize.单项填空1_ you talk to someone or write a message,you show your skills to others.AAt times BSome timeCEvery time DThe time解析：句意：每当你和别人谈话或写东西时，你都在向别人展示你的技能。every time/each time引导时间状语从句，意为“每当”，
39、其他三项都不能引导时间状语从句。答案：C2(2011江西省部分重点中学第二次联考)Only when we saw the photos about the Shanghai Expo _ how splendid it was.Ahad we known Bwe had knownCdid we know Dwe know解析：考查倒装与时态。“only时间状语”放到句首的时候，主句用部分倒装。根据语意“只有看到上海世博会的照片后我们才了解到它有多么壮观”可知应该用一般过去时，故选C项。答案：C定语从句()单项填空1(2012大连市部分中学联考)Everyone will go throug
40、h lifes stages of ups and downs,_ selfrespect plays a key role in the maturity of a person.Awhen BwhichCas Dthat解析：考查定语从句。句意：每个人都将经历人生的浮沉阶段，其间，自尊在一个人的成熟过程中起着关键作用。根据句意可知，后半句是定语从句，when在从句中作状语。答案：A2I dont know the reason _ you were absent from the meeting,and I am not sure that someone will tell me the
41、 reason _ you havent told me.Awhy;that Bthat;whyCbecause;why Dof which;that解析：考查定语从句。第一空填关系副词 why，在从句中作状语；第二空填关系代词that，在从句中作told的直接宾语。答案：A3Well be shown around the city,schools,museums,and soms other places,_ other visitors sekdom go.Awhat BwhichCwhere Dwhen解析：考查定语从句。关系词在从句中作地点状语，故选C。答案：C4(2011南通调研)
42、 is a free site _ visitors can not just learn languages but also chat online.Athat BwhichCwhere Dwhat解析：考查定语从句。where 引导从句修饰先行词a free site，且where在从句中充当地点状语。答案：C5(2011盐城第二次调研)Many college graduates are willing to start online shops to get over the period _ they have difficulty finding a satisfactory job.Awhere BwhenCwhich Dthat解析：考查定语从句。when 引导定语从句修饰先行词period，且when在从句中作时间状语。答案：B点击此图片进入