1、Module 8Unit 23 Conflict 重点单词1expose vt.暴露，显露，揭露；使面临，使遭受(危险或不快)；使接触，使体验【精讲拓展】expose a set of amazingly white teeth 露出一口雪白的牙齿be exposed as a liar 说谎的面目被揭穿expose sb./sth./yourself to sth.使面临某物expose yourself to criticism 使自己受到批评expose sb.to as much art and culture as possible 使某人受到尽可能多的艺术与文化的熏陶exposed
2、 adj.无遮蔽的，易受攻击(或批评)的be exposed to many dangers 置身于各种各样的危险之中exposure n.面临，遭受，揭露【典型例句】Keep indoors and dont expose your skin to the sun.留在屋里，不要让皮肤在太阳下暴晒。朗文当代As a nurse in the war she was exposed to many dangers.作为战地护士，她置身于各种各样的危险之中。朗文当代The newspaper story exposed him as(showed that he was)a liar.报纸上的这
3、篇报道揭发他是个骗子。剑桥高阶翻译句子 我威胁要向警察检举他。_ 这名记者因为试图揭露一个阴谋而被杀害。_ I threatened to expose him to the police.The reporter was killed because he tried to expose a plot.2spare v.(把不用的或多余的人或物)拔出，抽出，让给；赦免，饶恕，不伤害 n.备用品；备件【精讲拓展】spare sb.sth.让给某人某物，为某人腾出某物money/time to spare 余钱/余暇spare sb.trouble/difficulty/pain etc.免除某
4、人的麻烦/困难/痛苦等spare a thought for替(某人)想一想spare no expense不惜资金即学即用【典型例句】Were so busy that no one in the office can be spared for any other work.我们都很忙，办事处中谁都抽不出来做其他工作。朗文当代Can you spare ten minutes？你能抽出10分钟时间吗？美国传统No trouble was spared to make sure the guests enjoyed themselves.为使宾客尽情欢乐而不遗余力。朗文当代What do y
5、ou like doing in your spare time？你在闲暇时喜欢做什么？朗文当代即学即用完成句子We are _ _ _ _ anyone to help you right now.我们目前太忙，抽不出人来帮你。They did what _ _ _ _ him any pain.他们尽了一切努力使他免受任何痛苦。too busy to sparethey could to spare3appoint vt.任命；委派【精讲拓展】appoint sb.to a post 派某人任某职appoint sb.as.任命某人担任appoint sb.sth.任命某人为(职务)app
6、oint sb.to do sth.派某人干某事appoint a time/place for sth./to do sth.约定时间/地点干appointment n.预约，任命，委任make an appointment 约会keep/cancel the appointment 践约/取消约会by appointment按照约定【典型例句】Shes been appointed as sales director/to the post of sales director.她被任命为销售部经理。朗文当代A committee was appointed to investigate t
7、hese complaints.已任命一个委员会调查这些投诉。朗文当代The committee has appointed a day in July for your case to be heard.委员会指定七月某一天审理你的案件。朗文当代I called the dentist to change the time of my appointment.我打电话给牙医更改我的预约时间。美国传统即学即用They _ him(to be)chairman.Aappreciated Bapproached Capproved Dappointed解析：句意为“他们任命他为主席”。apprec
8、iate“欣赏，赞赏”；approach“走近，接近”；approve“赞同，赞许”。答案：DHe will only see you _ appointment.Awith Bby Cfor Dto解析：by appointment 是固定短语，意为：按照约定。答案：B4possession n.拥有；(常 pl.)所有物，财产【精讲拓展】possess sth.拥有，具有be possessed of 拥有be in ones possession(或be in the possession of)为所有，归所有be in possession of sth.拥有，占用某物have pos
9、session of 拥有(指买来或从别人那里买来)take possession of sth.拥有(占有)某物，拿到某物警示误区：in possession of 表示主动，其主语通常是人，意为“占有”：in the possession of 表示被动，其主语通常是物，意为“被占有”。类似短语还有：in charge of 负责.in the charge of 由负责in control of 控制in the control of 被控制【典型例句】The police asked me if I possessed a gun.警察问我是否拥有一支枪。朗文当代The finance
10、 company now has possession of the house.该金融公司现在拥有这所房子的所有权。朗文当代The police went through all the dead girls possessions.警方检查了死去女孩的所有物。朗文当代The Philippine Islands were once a possession of the United States.菲律宾群岛曾经是美国的属地。美国传统即学即用He came here without friends or _ and made his fortune.Apossessions Bposses
11、sion Cwealths Dgood 解析：本题考查名词用法辨析；wealth是不可数名词，无复数形式；good后加s才是“财产”的意思，possession作“财产”讲时，常用复数形式。答案：ATwenty years ago，his father was very rich and was _ a farm.A.in the possession of B.in possession ofC.in the charge of D.possessed解析：本题考查“拥有”的正确表达法。in the possession of,in the charge of主语通常是物，意思都是“被谁所拥
12、有”；in possession of 主语是人，意思是“拥有”；possessed 逻辑主语是人，但它之前有was，搭配不正确。答案：B5.shoot vt.&vi.(用枪)击毙，开枪【精讲拓展】shoot sb.射中某人(可能伤，可能死)shoot at sb.朝某人射击(或放炮)shoot the ball 投篮(射门)shoot a look/glance(at)向扫视一眼shoot down 击落，击毁shoot up(数字或数量)猛增警示误区：shoot sb.表示射击的结果，意为“击毙，击伤”；shoot at sb.表“射击”这一动作，意为“向射击”。【典型例句】Lincoln
13、 was shot while watching a play in Fords Theater.林肯在福特大戏院看戏时遭到枪杀。朗文当代Im coming out with my hands up，dont shoot.我举起手然后出来，不要开枪。朗文当代Magic turned and shot the ball，making a 3 pointer in the final second.魔术师转身投篮，在最后一秒钟时投进一个三分球。朗文当代The plane was shot down over the ocean.飞机在大海上被击落。美国传统即学即用Prices of the hou
14、ses have certainly _ recently.Ashot up Brisen up Ccome up Draised解析：shoot up(数字或数量)猛增，这里指价格猛涨；rise up“起义，造反”，不合题意，去掉up 可选；come up“长 出地面，发生，走近”，不符合题意，若改为gone up 则可 选；raise为及物动词，“抬高，抬起”，不合语境。答案：AThe wings of the bird still fluttered after it had been _.Ashot down Bshot up Cshoot down Dshoot up解析：句意：那鸟
15、击落后翅膀仍在抖动。shootshotshot 本句中鸟是被打下，所以应该用过去分词来表示被动。答案：A6.intend v.打算【精讲拓展】intend to do sth.打算做某事intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事be intended for 专为打算/设计的by intention 故意have no intention of doing sth.无意做，不打算做without intention 非故意地，无意地【典型例句】I had no intention of changing my mind.我不打算改变我的想法。朗文当代She intended to
16、 catch the early bus，but she didnt get up in time.她本打算赶早班车，可是早上起晚了。朗文当代The course is intended for intermediatelevel students.这门课是为中等程度的学生开设的。剑桥高桥即学即用The residents approve of the measures _ so far in our city，_ to bring a sharp rise in oil prices.Ahaving been taken；intending Bto be taken；intendingCta
17、ken；to intend D.taken；intended解析：句意为：居民们都同意迄今为止我们城市采取的措施，这些措施旨在急速提升油价。intend“为定下计划或目标”，intend 的逻辑主语是the measures，他们之间是被动关系，take measures“采取措施”，take 和measures之间也是被动关系，所以两个空都用过去分词作定语。答案：D The book is intended _ beginners.Ato Bin Cfor Dwith 解析：固定搭配 be intended for专为打算/设计的，句意为：这本书是专门为初学者设计的。答案：CHe is ne
18、arsighted，so he didnt break your cup _.Afor sure Bby intention Cin surprise Dwithout intention解析：for sure 肯定；by intention 故意地；in surprise 惊讶地；without intention 无意地。句意为：他是近视眼，所以他不是故意打碎你的杯子的。答案：B重点短语 1.hand over 把交给 【精讲拓展】hand back 归还，交还 hand down 递给，传递下去 hand in 提出，交上 hand on 传给另一个人；依次传递 hand out 分配，
19、施舍，提出【典型例句】The land was handed back to its original owner.那块土地被归还给了原主。朗文当代Ive decided to hand in my resignation(tell my employer I am leaving my job.)我已决定递交辞呈。剑桥高阶Could you start handing these books out.请你把这些书分发出去吧。朗文当代A ring was handed down from her grandmother.她(外)祖母传下来一只戒指。朗文当代即学即用Its certain tha
20、t he will _ his business to his son when he gets old.Atake over Bthink over Chand over Dgo over解析：句意为：很显然他老了时将把生意交给他儿子；take over“接管”；think over“仔细考虑”；hand over“转交”；go over“过一遍，复习”。答案：CMany old legends were _ from generation by mouth.Ahanded down Bhanded in Chanded back Dhanded out解析：许多古老的传说都是一代一代口传下
21、来了。hand down“传下来”;hand in“上交”；hand back“归还”；hand out“分发”。答案：A2stand up for保护，维护，支持【精讲拓展】stand up站立；耐久，耐用stand for代表，象征；容忍，允许stand by袖手旁观；支持【典型例句】Its high time we all stood up for our rights around here.我们大家现在急需行动起来，维护我们在这里的权利。剑桥高阶The trees stood up pretty well to the frosts this winter.这些树经受住了今年冬天的霜
22、冻。朗文当代We will not stand for this sort of behavior，young man!小伙子，我们不会容忍这种行为的。朗文当代We are not prepared to stand by and let them close our schools.我们不会袖手旁观，听任他们关闭我们的学校。朗文当代即学即用Didnt anyone _ James and say it wasnt his fault?Astand up for Bmake up for Cstand up Dstand for解析：考查短语辨析。stand up for“支持维护”；make
23、 up for“补偿”；stand up“站立”；stand for“代表”。答案：A完成句子 I wont _ _ this insolence.我决不容忍这种傲慢无礼的行为。stand for3.put forward 提议，提出【精讲拓展】bring forward提出；提前；显示go forward 前进；发生push forward 推进，挺进，勇猛前进【典型例句】The proposals that you have put forward deserve serious consideration.你提出的建议值得认真考虑。剑桥高阶As the army pushed forwa
24、rd，the death toll mounted.随着部队的推进，死亡人数在增加。朗文当代The meetings been brought forward to Thursday.会议已经提前到星期四举行。朗文当代即学即用The committee put _ a proposal to reduce the wasting of time.Aforward Bup Caside Dup with解析：put forward“提出”；put up“张贴，悬挂”；put aside“撇开”；put up with“忍受”。句意为：委员会提出了减少浪费时间的建议。答案：AAn interest
25、ing suggestion for measuring the atmosphere around Mars has been _.Alook forward to Bput forwardCgo forward Dpush forward 解析：look forward to“盼望”；put forward“提出”；go forward“前进，发生”；push forward“推进”。句意为：有人已经提出一项测定火星周围大气层的饶有趣味的建议。答案：B4sort out 挑选出；处理，解决【精讲拓展】get sth.sorted 把某事办妥、处理好sort sth.out(from sth
26、.)理顺，整理；把安排妥当；(从中)区分出来，辨别出来sort sb.out 整治，惩罚，收拾(某人)sort through sth.(for sth.)翻查，归整sort into 把分成警示误区：sort作为名词意为“种类，类别”；作为动词意为“分类，整理”，引申意为“妥善处理，把安排妥当”。【典型例句】It was just a silly quarrel thats now been sorted out.这只是一场无谓的争执，现在已经解决了。朗文当代Ive been sorting(through)these old papers to see what can be thrown
27、 away.我在整理这些旧文件，看看哪些可以扔掉。朗文当代Let me get my hands on them!Ill sort them out!等我来逮住他们！我要狠狠地收拾他们一番。朗文当代Sort out any clothes you want to throw away and give them to me.把你打算扔掉的衣服拣出来给我。剑桥高阶即学即用This matter could be _ if they would just sit down and talk.Asorted through Bsorted intoCsorted out Dsorted by解析：考
28、查sort的固定搭配。句意为：如果他们能坐下来谈谈的话，这件事情就可以得到解决。sort through“在中查找或翻找”；sort into“把分成”；sort sth.out“解决，处理”；sort sth.by.“按进行整理，分类”。只有C项符合题意。答案：C21 After his death his sister _ his(personal)belongings.Asorted out Bsorted into Csorted through Dsort of 解析：考查sort的固定搭配。句意为：他死后，他妹妹整理了他的(私人)财物。sort out sth.“挑选出”；sort
29、 into“把分成”；sort through“在中查找或翻找”；sort of“有点”。答案：C5.keep off 减去，让开，不接近【精讲拓展】keep away 使离开keep back 阻止，阻挡；隐瞒(某事)；扣除(钱)keep down 控制，压制keep out 关在门外，不准入内keep to 坚持，保持，不离开keep up 继续，坚持【典型例句】You keep away from my daughter！你离我女儿远点！朗文当代You can use herbicides to keep down the weeds.你可以用除草剂控制杂草的生长。朗文当代There w
30、as a notice saying“Keep off the grass”那儿有一块告示，上面写着“勿踏草地。”剑桥高阶I dont think I can keep this up any longer.我认为这事我再也坚持不下去了。朗文当代即学即用22 _ oil，or else it will perish your rubber boots.AKeep back BKeep off CKeep down DKeep to解析：考查keep 的短语辨析。keep back“阻止”；keep off“让开，不接近”；keep down“控制”；keep to“坚持”。句意为：远离油，否则
31、它将损坏你的橡胶靴。答案：B23 If we cant _ the schedule，well be in(a lot of)trouble.Akeep to Bkeep back Ckeep off Dkeep out解析：考查keep 的短语辨析。keep to“坚持”；keep back“阻止”；keep off“让开，不接近”；keep out“关在门外，不准入内”。句意为：我们不按时完成计划就要倒(大)霉了。答案：A6come about 发生【精讲拓展】come across 被理解；(偶然)遇见come around/round 恢复知觉，苏醒come at sb.扑向某人com
32、e by sth.设法得到come down on sb.斥责，训斥，惩罚come down to sb.(从很久以前)流传下来come along进展，发展come out 出版，发行，come up上升，靠近，come up with sth.找到(答案)；提出come to an end 结束【典型例句】Can you explain how it came about that you were an hour late?你怎么会迟到一个小时，对此你能做出什么解释呢？朗文当代Hows your English coming along？你英语学得怎么样？朗文当代He came at m
33、e with a knife.他拿着刀子向我冲过来。剑桥高阶即学即用24 When he came to himself，he couldnt remember how the accident _.Acame across Bcame aboutCcame along Dcame from解析：句意为：当他醒来时，他记不起车祸是怎样发生的。come about“发生，产生”，符合句意。A、C、D三项分别为“偶然遇见”，“出现，来到”，“来自某地”，均不符合题意，故选B项。答案：B25 Jobs are hard to _ these days.Acome by Bcome upCcome a
34、long Dcome across解析：句意为：近来很难找到工作。come by“设法得到”；come up“上升，靠近”；come along“进展，发展”；come across“被理解；(偶然)遇见”。答案：A26 No one has _ a convincing explanation of why dinosaurs die out.Acome up Bcome acrossCcome up with Dcome out 解析：句意为：尚未有人能对恐龙的灭绝做出一个令人信服的解释。come up“上升，靠近”；come across“被理解，(偶然)遇见”；come up with
35、“找到(答案)，提出”；come out“出版，发行”。答案：C7get ones own back 报复【精讲拓展】get back 返回，回去，回家get sth.back 寻回，找回，重新获得(丢失的东西)get back at sb.向某人报复get back to sb.以后再答复、回复某人get along 合得来；进展get behind(with sth.)拖延，落后get by(on/in/with sth.)靠维持生计，勉强应付get down to sth./doing sth.开始做某事/开始认真注意某事get at sb.(通常用于进行时)一再批评，不断指责，老是数落
36、某人get over 从(疾病，痛苦的经历)中恢复过来get through 熬过；设法对付；打通警示误区：get back 本意为“拿回，找回(属于自己的东西)”，at 为介词，表示目标“对着，向着”，所以get back at sb.表示“向某人报复”。【典型例句】If you get back in time，you can come with us.如果你能及时赶回来，你就可以跟我们一起去。剑桥高阶He got his old job back.他恢复了原职。朗文当代Ill get back at him one day.有一天我会报复他的。朗文当代I cant give you a
37、definite answer now，but Ill get back to you about it.我现在不能给你明确的回答，但以后会再作答复的。朗文当代Ive got a lot of work to do，but I cant seem to get down to it.我有好多工作要做，可我好像就是没法安下心来去做。剑桥高阶即学即用完成句子27 Ill find out and _ _ _ you.我查明之后再答复你。28 After Christmas Im going to _ _ _ some serious jobhunting.圣诞节后，我打算开始认真地找工作。get
38、back toget down to单项填空29 He tricked me this time but Ill _ him one day.Aget over Bget by Cget back at Dget through 解析：句意为：这次他欺骗了我，但总有一天我会报复他的。get over“从(疾病，痛苦的经历)中恢复过来”；get by(on/in/with sth.)“靠维持生计，勉强应付”；get back at sb.“向某人报复”；get through“熬过，设法对付，打通”。答案：C重点句型1Seldom has drumming caused such conflic
39、t.由于练鼓而引起这样的纠纷是很少见的。【精讲拓展】这是一个倒装句。seldom“很少”，当seldom放在句首时，句子要部分倒装。Never/Seldom has there been so much protest against the bomb.这么强烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动从未/很少有过。Little does he realize how important this meeting is.他对这个会议的重要性不甚了解。On no account must you accept any money if he offers it.他如要给你钱，你可绝不能接受。当这种副词不在句首时，
40、当然应该用正常词序：There has never/seldom been so much protest against the bomb.从未/很少发生过这么强烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动。He little realizes how important this meeting is.他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。比较：我一直很少跟他说话。财富鲜与幸福有关。(1)倒装的原因当表示否定含义的副词位于句首时，引起句子倒装。下面是一些常引起句子倒装的表示否定含义的副词：seldom(很少)，little(很少)，rarely(很少、难得)，hardly(几乎不)，never(从不)，on no ac
41、count(没任务条件)等(2)倒装后的句子结构副词助动词主语谓语动词其它Rarely did he go anywhere except to his office.他难得去什么地方，除了他的办公室以外。副词be动词主语其它Never is he interested in that.他对那个从不感兴趣。即学即用30 Hardly _ to school late these days.Adoes she go Bshe does go Cshe goes Dgoes she解析：因为hardly位于句首，所以要把助动词does提前构成部 分倒装。答案：A31 Little _ like p
42、laying the piano when he was a boy.Ahe does Bdoes he Cdid he Dhe did解析：因为否定词little位于句首，所以要把助动词did提前构成部分倒装。答案：C32 Never _ fond of music.Ais he Bdoes he Cdid he Dhas he 解析：固定短语be fond of 喜欢。答案：A2It was only after careful consideration that we gave Yang Ming a warning.在慎重考虑之后，我们给了杨明一个建议。【精讲拓展】该句是一个强调句，
43、强调的是时间状语：only after careful consideration。原句是We gave Yang Ming a warning only after careful consideration.强调句型It is.that.，可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等句子成分。London will host the 2012 Olympic Games.伦敦将主办2012年奥运会。(原句)It is London that will host the 2012 Olympic Games.将主办2008年奥运会的是伦敦。(强调主语)It is the 2012 Olympic Games
44、 that London will host.伦敦将主办的是2012年奥运会。(强调宾语)It is in 2012 that London will host the Olympic.伦敦主办奥运会将是在2012年。(强调时间状语)用法归类强调句的用法(1)连接词通常用that，强调“人(主语)”时可用who。(2)用于强调主语、宾语、状语等句子成分。(3)时态分为两类：如果原句是现在时态或将来时态，用“It is.that.”的句型；如果原句是过去时态，用“It was.that.”的句型。(4)强调句中的“It is.”不可缩写为“Its.”。用法拓展强调句的疑问句(1)一般疑问句：Is
45、/Was it 被强调的部分 that 句子的其他部分？Is it in 2012 that the next Olympic Games will be held？下一届奥运会是在2012年举行吗？(2)特殊疑问句：疑问词 is/was it 被强调的部分that句子的其他部分？When was it that the Gulf War broke out？海湾战争究竟是在什么时候爆发的？即学即用33 It is Harry Potter _ has just been published.Athat Bwhich Cwho Dwhen解析：句意：刚出版的是哈里波特7。从该题结构看，这是一个
46、强调句，需选用适当的连接词，排除B、D，因which和when不作强调句的连接词；该句强调的不是人名，而是书名，排除C。答案：A34 It was what he meant rather than what he said _ annoyed me.Awhich Bas Cwhat Dthat解析：此句为强调句型，被强调部分为 what he meant rather than what he said。句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。答案：D35 It was _ back home after the experiments.Anot until midnight d
47、id he go Buntil midnight that he didnt goCnot until midnight that he went Duntil midnight when he didnt go解析：此句为not.until.句式的强调结构(it be not until.that.)句式的强调结构。答案：C3Eightyyearold retired tailor，James Mckay spent Saturday night in jail after hitting thirtyyearold Keith Smith over the head with his wa
48、lking stick.八十岁的退休裁缝吉姆斯 麦奇，在用拐杖打了三十岁的科斯史密斯的头之后，在监狱里度过了星期六的夜晚。【精讲拓展】句中after与hitting之间省略了主语，即原句应为：after he hit.。在从属连词(while，when，after，before，if，once等)引导的状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致，从句主语可以省略。当从句中动作由主语自身发出时，可用“连词 ving形式”结构省略，分为两种情形：一是省略主语，动词变为v.ing形式，表主动；另一种是省略主语和be 动词，表主动且正在进行。After watching TV，he went to bed.
49、看完电视后，他就睡觉了。(watch由he 发出，表主动，省略从句中的he，watch变为watching)You should brush your teeth before going to bed.你睡觉前应该刷牙。(表主动)When meeting foreigners，she does not know what to say.遇见外国人时，她不知道该说什么。(表主动)Dont watch TV while(you are)doing your homework.做作业的时候不要看电视。(表主动且正在进行)关键点拨：当从句中主语是动作的承受者时，你知道用什么省略结构吗？当从句中主语是
50、动作的承受者时，表被动，可用“连词 过去分词”结构，省略主语和be动词。When(it is)heated，water will turn into vapor.水加热时，会变成水蒸气。(itwater，是heat这一动作的承受者，表被动，省略it is)If(we are)given more time，we can do it better.如果多给点时间，我们能把这事儿做得更好。Once(they are)hit by CIH，computers will break down.一旦遭受CIH病毒的攻击，电脑就会死机。(theycomputers)即学即用36 Even though _
51、 more money，you cannot possibly run the company well.Aprovide Bproviding Cprovided Dto provide解析：考查连词引导省略性从句的用法。even though是连词，后面没有主语，说明已经省略，动词应选用v.ing或v.ed，排除A、D。从句意看，you是“被提供”，要用v.ed表被动。答案：C37 My friend Mary is _ beautiful girl and _ girl everyone likes to work with.Aa；a Ba；the Cthe；a Dthe；the解析：很
52、容易误选B，认为第一次提到 girl 用不定冠词，第二次提到就应该用定冠词。但其实最佳答案是A。句中第二次提到 girl 时并不是特指的，此句实为一省略句，补充完整为 My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with.。答案：A38 If the weather is fine，well go.If _，_.Anot；not Bno；no Cnot；no Dno；not 解析：If not，not.为If the weather is NOT fine，we will NOT go
53、之省略。句意为“如果天气好，我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去”。该句的特点是：后句与前句的用词和句式完全相同，只是前句为肯定，后句为否定，为了简洁起见，于是将后句与前句相同部分省略，只保留否定词 not。答案：A4.Wed be sitting there happily reading our newspapers，whensuddenly so much water would come from above that wed be as wet as if wed showered with our clothes on！我们本来开开心心地坐在那里看报纸，突然间很多水从天而降，我们就好
54、像穿着衣服洗澡一样全身湿透！【精讲拓展】(1)这是一个由when连接的并列句，第一个并列分句是wed be sitting there happily reading our newspapers，在第二个并列分句中，suddenly so much water would come from above 是主句，that wed be as wet 是结果状语从句，as if wed showered with our clothes on是方式状语从句。when作为并列连词，表示“就在这时(发生了另外的一件事)”，常常用于下面的三种情况：sb.be doing sth.when sth.H
55、appened某人正干某事，这时发生了另外一件事sb.be about to do sth.when sth.Happened某人正要干某事，这时发生了另外一件事情sb.had done sth.when sth.Happened某人刚干完某事，这时发生了另外一件事情We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went out.我们正在看电视，突然电灯灭了。He was about to leave when the telephone rang.他正要离开，忽然电话铃响了。They had just arrived home when it be
56、gan to rain.他们刚到家，天就开始下雨了。警示误区：when可以作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为：当时候；也可以作并列连词，意为：就在这时，相当于at that moment/and then，引起的句子不能放在句首。We were about to start，when it rained.我们正要开始，就下雨了。(2)as if“好像”，相当于as though，用于引导从句。该句中用的是虚拟语气。用虚拟语气时，表示非真实的情况。以as if(as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气，若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，用过
57、去完成时；表示可能与将来事实相反，用would(might，could)动词原形：He acts as if he knew me.他显得认识我似的。They treat me as though I were a stranger.他们待我如陌生人。He talks as if he had been abroad.他说起话来好像曾经出过国。特别提示：从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：It looks as if well be late.我们似乎要迟到了。It looks as if its going to snow.看样子好像要下雪了。It sounds as if
58、 he loves the girl very much.听起来他似乎很爱那个女孩。This meat tastes as if it has already gone bad.这肉吃起来似乎已经坏了。注意 It isnt as if.的翻译：It isnt as if he were poor.他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。It isnt as if you were going away for good.又不是你离开不回来了。即学即用39 Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park _ she was bitten
59、on the leg by a lion.Awhen Bwhile Csince Donce解析：考查连词用法。句意为：Jasmine正和她的家人在一个野生生物园里度假，这时被一只狮子咬了腿。A、B、C、D四个选项中，只有A项when可以用作并列连词，意为“就在那/这时”，其他无此用法。答案：A40 It looks _ it isnt clean enough to bathe here.Aso that Bas if Cas well as Das long as解析：so that“为了”；as if“好像”；as well as“也；象一样好”；as long as“只要”。句意为：看
60、起来水好像不干净，不能游泳。答案：B41 He talked as if he _ to America.Ahas gone Bhad gone Chad been Dhas been解析：因为主句是一般过去时，那么从句就是对过去的虚拟，所以要用过去完成时。又因为表示曾经去过，(已经回来了)，所以选had been。答案：C名师原创1Its very kind of you to _ me a moment.Aspare Bprotect Cpreserve Dget解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意为：你能为我抽出一点时间真是太好了。spare抽出，匀出(时间)，构成spare sb.sth.词组
61、；protect“保护”；preserve“保存”；get“得到，获得”，后三项都不符合句意。答案：A2Shes very sad.She feels shes always being _.Agot by Bgot down Cgot at Dgot into解析：考查get词组辨析。句意为：她很伤心。她感到自己总是受人数落。get at sb.“一再批评，不断指责，老是数落”；get by“靠维持生计，设法过活”；get sb.down“使悲伤，使沮丧”；get sb.into sth.“使限于，处于”，只有C符合句意。答案：C3The government managed to _ th
62、e new law despite strong opposition.Aget around Bget throughCget over Dget across解析：动词短语辨析。句意为：尽管遭到强烈反对，政府还是设法使新法案得到通过。get around“到处走动，消息传开”；get over“克服(困难)，从中恢复过来”；get across“(使)理解”，根据句意答案为B。答案：B4The opponents were _ the ball for most of the match.Ain the possession of Bin possession ofCin the poss
63、ession by Din possession by解析：in possession of“拥有，在某人的控制下”。句意为：比赛大多数时间由对手控球。答案：B5The former captain was unwilling to _ the command of his ship，though a new one had been appointed.Apass over Bhand over Ctake over Dpass on解析：句意为：虽然新船长已经任命，但原船长不愿交出指挥权。hand over“移交”符合句意A、C、D三项分别为“避免提及(或考虑)”。“接管”，“递给”。答案
64、：B6The international agreement，_ encourage children not to smoke and help people kick the habit，was signed on February 27.Aintending to Bbeing intended to Cintended to Dto intend to解析：intend“为定下目标或计划”，是一个及物动词，intend 的逻辑主语是agreement，二者之间是被动关系，所以用intended 作定语。若改为定语从句，则是：which was intended to encourage
65、 children not to smoke and help people kick the habit.。答案：C7I was too busy，so I failed to come to her aid.Oh，you _.Ashould have kept your word Bbroke your wordsChad your words Ddont keep your promise解析：句意为：我太忙了，所以没有能够帮助她。噢，你本该遵守诺言。word当诺言讲，一般用单数形式。把D项中的dont改为didnt也可选。答案：A8The policemen have orders t
66、o _ the murderer if he resists being arrested.Ashoot Bshoot at Cfire Dfire at解析：句意为：警察接到命令，如果杀人犯拒捕，立即开枪击毙，shoot作及物动词时当“射死”讲，符合题意；shoot at和fire at都当“向射击”，即只强调动作；fire作及物动词时，其宾语不能是人。答案：A9Is it wise to _ violence to children on TV?Aexhibit Bdisplay Cexpose Dshow解析：句意为：让孩子们目睹电视上的暴力(镜头)明智吗？expose是“暴露”的意思，
67、因此C项正确。答案：C10If you cant _ the difficulty yourself，I will ask Tom to help you.Amake out Bsort out Cfigure out Dpick out解析：从句的意思是：如果你自己不能解决这个问题。四个选项中只有sort out有“解决问题”之意。因此B项正确。答案：B强 调 结 构强调句结构为：It is(was)被强调部分that(who)其他成分，此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语，不能是定语或谓语，强调人时可用who 或that作连词，强调其他成分用that。1强调的成分(1)强调主语：句子的谓
68、语动词和被强调的主语保持一致。It was he who(that)read three books in the library yesterday.是他昨天在图书馆里读了三本书。It is they that were late.他们迟到了。It is I who(that)am to blame.是我应该受责备。(2)强调宾语It was a Canadian that/whom Mary met in the park last Sunday.玛丽上周日在公园里遇到的是一位加拿大人。(3)强调状语：状语既可以是短语也可以是状语从句强调时间，地点或方式状语时，要用that，不能用when
69、，where 或how等。It was in the library that he read three books yesterday.昨天他是在图书馆里读的三本书。It was last Sunday that Marry met a Canadian in the park.玛丽是上周日在公园里遇到了一位加拿大人。强调原因状语从句，从句只能用because 引导，不能由since，as或why引导。It was because he was ill that he couldnt come to school.正是因为他病了，他才没来上学。对not.until.句型的强调结构为It i
70、s not until.that.，that后面从句用肯定形式。It was not until the rain stopped that I went home.直到雨停了我才回家。2强调句的疑问句式(1)一般疑问句结构为：Is(Was)itthat.?Was it in the park that he met an old friend yesterday？昨天他是在公园遇见老朋友的吗？(2)特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词is(was)that.?When is it that you will set off?你到底什么时候出发？When was it ten years ago th
71、at his father died?他的父亲是十年前去世的吗？3强调句的判定若去掉句子中的It is/was和that，做必要的语序调整后仍可构成一个完整的句子，就是强调句，否则就不是强调句。试比较：It is there that accidents often happen.(强调句)Accidents often happen there.那里经常发生交通事故。It is clear that not all boys like football.(主语从句)很明显不是所有的男孩都喜欢足球。It is the best book that I have ever read.(it指代书
72、)这是我看过的最好的书。4强调句型Is/Was有时也被“情态动词动词原形”所替代。It must have been his brother that you saw.你看到的想必是他的弟弟。Can it be Marry that forgot to lock the door？有可能是玛丽忘了锁门。5.走出误区(1)强调句型It is/was.that.与It is/was时间when从句，It is时间since从句，It was not long before.句式的异同。强调句型与It is/was时间when从句在上述句型中it 指时间，when引导的是时间状语从句。注意：两种句型
73、中“时间”表达方式的不同。It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.我昨天是在半夜回家的。It was midnight when I got here yesterday.当我昨天到这儿时已经是半夜了。第一句是强调句，被强调的是时间状语，因此用介词短语表达；第二句是一般句型，时间以名词的方式表达，用来作表语。强调句型与It is 时间since从句It is.since.表示“自从以来已有(时间)”注意：两个句型中的时态一般不同，试比较：It was two years ago that I began to learn Englis
74、h.我是在两年前开始学英语的。It is/has been two years since I began to learn English.我学英语已经两年了。第一句是强调句型，强调的是过去的事情，用一般过去时；第二句表示“从过去到现在已有多长时间”，用一般现在时或现在完成时。但强调句型同样可以用一般现在时。It is two hours that he spends on English every day.他每天花在英语上的时间为两小时。强调句型与It was not long.before.上述句型可以有以下几个句式：It wasnt long before.不久以后就It wont
75、be long before.不久就会It was(not)two years/days before.没过两年/两天就It will(not)be two years/days before.两年/两天后就会(用不了两年/两天就会)试比较：It was two years before he came back from abroad.It was two years later that he came back from abroad.同样表示“他两年以后回国”，强调句型中应用状语的形式来表达。(2)对谓语动词的强调It is/was.that.结构不能用来强调谓语。如果需要强调谓语，则
76、要使用助动词do，did或does。Do come this evening.今晚一定要来。He did write to you last week.他上周确定给你写过信。语法专练1It was not until midnight _ they reached the camp site.(2008重庆)Athat Bwhen Cwhile Das解析：考查强调句。强调not until句型，因此用that。答案：A2He was told that it would be at least three more months _ he could recover and return t
77、o work.(2007江西)Awhen Bbefore Csince Dthat 解析：根据句型“It was/would be/will be(not)表一段时间的名词短语before从句(不久或多久后某事发生)”可判断选B。句意为：他被告知至少还得三个月后他才能康复上班。答案：B3It is imagination _ makes the world colorful，full of vigor and vitality.(2007上海春招)Awhere Bwhat Cthat Dwhen解析：此句为强调句，强调主语imagination。答案：C4When did you get th
78、e medal?It was in 2004 _ I was in the middle school.Athat Bwhen Cin which Dthen解析：分析题干语境可知，若理解为简单的强调句，明显不符合题意，该空应用when引导定语从句，意为：“在2004年我读中学的时候，我获得了这个奖章。”此句是省略的强调句，补充完整为：It was in 2004 when I was in the middle school that I got the medal.。答案：B5.It is in the clear place _ there is a bomb _ we found th
79、e dead man.Awhere；where Bwhere；that Cthat；where Dthat；that解析：分析句子结构可知此句是强调句，因此第二空用that；第一空用where引导定语从句，修饰被强调的名词the place。句意为：就在有一颗炸弹的那个地方，我们找到了那个死人。答案：B6It was on October 1st,1949 _ new China was founded.Aas Bwhen Cwhich Dthat解析：强调时间状语on October 1st,1949。答案：D7Is _ three hours _ the boy _ family is p
80、oor to come to school on foot?Ait；that；whose Bit；when；thatCit for；that it takes Dit；that it takes；whose解析：考查强调结构的一般疑问句式，强调takes的宾语three hours。另外whose 引导定语从句，修饰the boy。答案：D8Was it in the village _ we used to live in_ the accident happened?Awhere；that Bwhich；that Cthat；where Dwhere；which解析：考查强调结构的一般疑问
81、句，强调表地点的介词短语，其中which引导定语从句，修饰the village。答案：B9It was not until dark _ he found _ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.Athat；that Bthat；whatCwhen；what Dwhen；that解析：考查强调句型，强调not until句型，因此第一个空用that；第二空用what引导宾语从句且在从句中作主语(he thought是插入语)。答案：B10Could I have my ruler back，please?Sorry.Ive
82、forgotten _ I put it.Athat it was where Bit was where thatCwhere it was that Dwhere was it that解析：强调句作宾语从句，其中强调部分为where。答案：C11Why!I have nothing to confess._ you want me to say?AWhat is it that BWhat it is thatCHow is it that DHow it is that解析：考查强调句的特殊疑问句式，根据疑问语序，排除B、D两项；what作say的宾语，而how不能作宾语。答案：A12
83、It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.Athat Buntil Cbefore Dwhen解析：考查强调句型。强调句形式为It is/was 被强调部分who/that其他成分。答案：A13Was it because he was ill _ he asked for leave?Athat Buntil C/Dso解析：该题是强调句式的一般疑问句，强调原因状语从句。答案：A14Were all three people in the car injured in
84、the accident?No，_ only the two passengers _ got hurt.Athey were；that Bthere was；that Cit was；who Dit is；that解析：考查强调句型，强调主语，后句意为：不，只有两名乘客受伤。D项中的时态有误，应用过去时。答案：C15It wasnt until nearly a month later _ I received the managers reply.Asince Bwhen Cas Dthat解析：考查强调句型，强调not until句型。答案：D1It was not until Mum
85、agreed to take her to KFC，_was her favorite，_the spoilt girl stopped crying.Athat；that Bwhich；thatCthat；which Dwhich；which解析：本题将强调句和定语从句结合起来考查。第一空which引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语；it was not until.that.是一个强调结构，“直到才”。句意：直到妈妈同意带她去肯德基，那是她的最爱，那个小女孩才停止了哭泣。答案：B2_that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than u
86、sual.AIt was we being late BIt was our being lateCIt was we were too late DIt was because we were late解析：此题容易误选D，认为强调的是原因状语从句because we were late。但实际上，答案为B，强调的是句子主语our being late，若还原成非强调句，即为：Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.。注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构it is/was.that.，句子仍
87、然成立；换句话说，该结构it is/was.that.中的that不能充当句子成分，而实际上句中的动词cause需要有自己的主语。句意：是我们的迟到导致了他上菜比平时迟了一个小时。答案：B3It was because of his girlfriend，believe it or not，_his English improved so greatly.Awhich Bas Cthat Dwhat解析：考查强调句型，被强调成分为because of his girlfriend。由于句中插入了believe it or not这一成分，致使许多同学误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句。句意：信不信
88、由你，他的英语提高地如此之快，是因为他的英国女友。答案：C4It was late at night _the Red Army arrived at that small mountain village，_it was raining hard.Awhen；that Bwhen；which Cthat；when Dthat；which解析：考查强调句型和定语从句。第一空填强调句型中的that，被强调部分是时间状语late at night；第二空用when引导定语从句，先行词是late at night。答案：C5It was not until one night _we were do
89、ing our cleaningup_I got curious and wanted to see what was on the top floor.Athat；that Bwhen；so Cthat；because Dwhen；that解析：考查强调句和定语从句。第一空用when引导定语从句表示“我们打扫卫生的一个晚上”，第二空是强调句的一部分，构成it be.that.“就在我们打扫卫生的那个晚上，我感觉好奇，想看看楼顶有什么。”答案：D【例1】Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and _.(2008辽宁，3
90、5)AI was neither Bneither was I CI was either Deither was I【解题方法指导】考查倒装。表示别人的情况也适合某人，如果 是肯定的，常用sobe/助动词/情态动词主语；如果是否定结构，常用neither/norbe/助动词/情态动词主语。wasnt happy 是否定的，所以答案为B。答案：B教材原文对照Neither could we get rid of the smell of fish!(P20)【例2】I tried phoning her office，but I couldnt _.(2009全国，27)Aget along
91、Bget on Cget to Dget through【解题方法指导】句意：我试着拨了她的办公室电话，但是 打不通。本题考查动词词组。get along前进，进展；get along with 与相处；get on上(车，马等)；进展；(to)转换话题；get to到达；get through打通电话。答案：D教材原文对照I tried to phone the American base,but I couldnt get through.The line just didnt work.(P25)【例3】Youre driving too fast.Can you drive _？(20
92、08全国，28)Amore slowly a bit Bslowly a bit moreCa bit more slowly Dslowly more a bit【解题方法指导】考查副词的比较级。slowly的比较级是在其前加more，由此可以排除B、D两项，而a little/a bit/even/much等修饰比较级时要置于比较级结构的前面，由此得出C项正确。答案：C教材原文对照I hope things are a bit better and she isnt still borrowing your clothes without asking all the time.(P29)
