1、Unit 5First aid话 题 导 读Caring for an Unconscious Person1.Determine responsiveness.If a person is unconscious,try to rouse him by speaking to him or by tapping at the shoulder.Do not be afraid to speak loudly or even shout.If he does not respond to activity,sound,touch,or other stimulation,determine w
2、hether he is breathing.2Check for breathing and a pulse.If unconscious and unable to be roused,check for breathing:look for a rise in the chest area;listen for the sound of air coming in and out;feel for air using the side of your face.If no signs of breathing are apparent,place two fingers under th
3、e chin and gently guide the face pointing upwards to open up his airway.If any debris such as vomit can be seen,it is appropriate to move him onto his side to allow it to get out,which is achieved with the recovery position.Check for a pulse.Section Warming Up&Pre-reading&ReadingComprehending练读文 记词汇
4、 学翻译1 教材助读先读通 FIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ.You have three layers of skin which act as a barrieragainst disease,poisons and the suns harmful rays.The functions of your skin are also very complex：it keeps you warm or cool1;it prevents your body fr
5、om losing too much water;it is where you feel cold，heat or pain2 and it gives you your sense of touch.So as you can imagine,if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.First aid is a very important first step in the treatmentof burns.Causes of burnsYou can get burned by a variety of things:hot l
6、iquids，steam,fire,radiation(by being close to high heat or fire,etc),the sun,electricity or chemicals.Types of burnsThere are three types of burns.Burns are called first,second or third degree burns,depending on which layers of the skin are burned3.First degree burns These affect only the top layer
7、of the skin.These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two.Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan21，stove22 or iron for a moment.再记住 first aid eId(对伤患者的)急救skin skIn n皮；皮肤essential Isenl adj.最重要的；不可缺少的；本质的organ n n器官layer leI n层；层次act as 充当；担任barr
8、ier brI n屏障；障碍(物)poison pIzn n毒药；毒害 vt.毒害；使中毒ray reI n光线；射线function n功能；功效complex kmpleksadj.复杂的prevent.(from)doing.阻止做sense of touch 触觉treatment nC，U治疗；处理；对待variety vraItI n变化；多样(化)；多变(性)a variety of 各种各样的liquid lIkwId n液体radiation reIdIeIn n辐射；射线难点理解1.keep you warm or cool 为“keep宾语宾补”结构。2.where yo
9、u feel cold，heat or pain 为表语从句。burn(s)此处为名词，意为“烧伤”within a day or two 在一两天之内mild maIld adj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的mild sunburn 轻度的晒伤21 pan pn n平底锅；盘子22 stove stv n炉子；火炉难点理解3.现在分词短语 depending on.作方式状语，其中 which layers of the skin are burned 是 on 的宾语。再翻译烧伤的急救皮肤是身体必不可少的部分，也是身体最大的器官。皮肤有三层，像是三层屏障，可以防病、防毒和抵御有害太阳光线的侵害。
10、皮肤的功能也很复杂：皮肤可以保暖或保持凉爽，阻止体内的水分大量流失。正是皮肤使你感到冷、热或疼痛，它还使你有触觉。因此，你可以想象得到，如果你的皮肤被烧伤，就可能非常严重。在治疗烧伤的过程中，急救是非常重要的第一步。烧伤的原因你可能由于各种原因而烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射(由于靠近高温或火等)、太阳、电或化学物品。烧伤的种类烧伤有三类。根据皮肤的第几层被烧伤定义为一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。一度烧伤这种烧伤只损伤皮肤的表层。这些烧伤并不严重，应当在一两天内就有好转。例如轻度的晒伤和由于短暂接触热锅、炉子或熨斗而导致的烫伤。需要几周康复/痊愈Second degree burns Th
11、ese affect both the top and the second layer of the skin.These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal23.Examples include severe24 sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids4.Third degree burns These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue25 and organs under the skin.Examples include
12、burns caused by electric shocks26，burning clothes,or severe petrol fires.These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.先读通Characteristics of burnsFirst degree burnsdry,red and mildly swollen27mildly28 painfulturn29 white when pressed5Second degree burnsrough30，red
13、 and swollenblisters31watery32 surfaceextremely painfulThird degree burnsblack and white and charred33swollen;often tissue under them can be seenlittle or no pain if nerves34 are damaged35；may be pain around edge of injured area.First aid treatment 1 Remove clothing using scissors36 if necessary6 un
14、less it is stuck to37 the burn.Take off38 other clothing and jewellery39near the burn.2 Cool40 burns immediately with cool but not icy41 water.It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes7.(The cool water stops the burning process,prevents the pain becoming unbearable42
15、and reduces swelling.)Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3 For first degree burns,place cool,clean,wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad.For second degree burns,keep cloths cool by putting them back43 in a basin44 of cold water,squeezingthem out45 and placing them on the burned ar
16、ea over and over again46 for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.23 heal hi l vi.&vt.(使)康复；(使)化解24 severe adj.十分严重的；极为恶劣的severe sunburn 严重的晒伤25 tissue tIu n(生物)组织；薄的织物；手巾纸26 electric shock 触电；电休克27 swollen swln adj.肿胀的swell swel vi.&vt.(swelled，swollen)(使)膨胀；隆起再记住28 mildly maIldlI adv.轻微地；温和地
17、mildly 用作程度状语，相当于 slightly。29 turn link-v.使成为；转变成30 rough adj.粗糙的31 blister blIst n水泡 vi.&vt.(使)起泡32 watery w trI adj.(似)水的33 char t vi.烧焦34 nerve n v n神经；胆量35 damage vt.损坏；损伤难点理解4.过去分词短语 caused by hot liquids 作后置定语，修饰 burns。5.when pressed 是省略了主语和 be 动词的时间状语从句。该句补全为：when they are pressed。36 scissors
18、 sIzz n(pl.)剪刀37 stick to 粘在上；坚持38 take off 拿掉；取掉39 jewellery nU珠宝(总称)40 cool 在此处为及物动词，意为“使凉下来”41 icy adj.冰的；冰冷的42 unbearable nberbl adj.难以忍受的；不能容忍的难点理解6.if necessary 为省略形式，其完整句式为 if it is necessary。7.it 为形式主语，动词不定式短语 to place burns.为真正的主语。43 put back 放回44 basinbeIsn n盆；盆地a basin of.一盆45 squeeze skw
19、i z vt.&vi.榨；挤；压榨squeeze out 榨出；挤出46 over and over again 反复；多次二度烧伤这种烧伤既损伤了皮肤的表层，又损伤了皮肤的第二层。这类烧伤属于严重的烧伤，需要几周才能痊愈。例如严重的晒伤和灼热的液体所造成的烧伤。再翻译三度烧伤所有三层皮肤以及皮下组织和器官都受到损害。例如由电击引起的烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或因汽油起火引起的严重烧伤。这些烧伤都导致严重损伤，受伤者必须立即被送往医院。烧伤的特征一度烧伤干燥、发红、微肿微痛受压时变白二度烧伤粗糙、发红、肿胀起水泡表面有水极其疼痛三度烧伤黑、白和焦炭色相间肿胀，常可看到皮下组织若损坏了神经，则
20、很少疼痛或没有疼痛，或者在创伤面四周有疼痛感。急救处理1 除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则要把它去除，必要时可使用剪刀。脱去烧伤附近的其他衣物和首饰。2 马上用凉水给伤口降温，但不能用冰水。最好是把烧伤的部位放在慢速流动的水下冲洗大约 10 分钟。(凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程，可以防止无法忍受的疼，还可以消除肿胀。)三度烧伤不可以用冷水冲洗。3 对于一度烧伤，要把清凉干净的湿布放在烧伤面上，直到疼痛感较轻时为止。对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需要把湿布放回冷水盆中，拧出水后，再放在烧伤面上，这样反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。4 Dry the burned area gently.Do
21、not rub,as this may break any blisters and the wound47 may get infected48.5 Cover the burned area with a dry,clean bandage49 that will not stick to the skin.Hold the bandage in place50 with tape51.Never put butter,oil or ointment52 on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection
22、53.6 If burns are on arms or legs,keep them higher than the heart,if possible8.If burns are on the face,the victim should sit up54.7 If the injuries are second or third degree burns,it is vital55to get the victim9 to the doctor or hospital at once.先读通47 wound n创伤；伤口；伤害 vt.使受伤；伤害48 infect vt.传染；感染49
23、bandage bndId n绷带50 in place 在适当的位置；适当51 tape n胶带52 ointmentIntmnt n药膏；油膏再记住53 infectionInfekn n传染；传染病；感染54 sit up 坐直；(使)坐起55 vital vaItladj.至关重要的；生死攸关的难点理解8if possible 为条件状语从句的省略。该句补全为：if it is possible。9It is vital to do sth.做某事是至关重要的。5 用干燥、清洁又不粘皮肤的绷带盖住烧伤面。在适当位置用胶布把绷带固定住。千万不要在烧伤处涂黄油、油或油膏，因为这会使里面的热
24、散不出去，而且还可能导致感染。6 如果烧伤部位在臂部或腿部，要把手臂或腿部尽可能抬高到高于心脏的位置。如果是面部烧伤，伤者则应该坐起来。7 如果是二度或者三度烧伤，把伤者立刻送去看医生或送往医院是至关重要的。4 轻轻地把烧伤面弄干。但不要擦拭，因为这样会擦破水泡，使伤口感染。再翻译通语篇 学理解 重分析2语篇理解Step 1 Fast Reading1Whats the main idea of the text?_2Why doesnt a third degree burn hurt?_The main idea of the text is the burns and the first
25、 aid treatment.Because in a third degree burn the nerves are damaged.If there are no nerves，there is no pain.3The text is divided into five parts.In which order are these topics covered?Number them from to._ the three types of burns_what to do if someone gets burned_the functions of the skin_the sym
26、ptoms of burns_how we get burnsStep 2 Careful Reading.Read the text and choose the best answers.1What is your bodys largest organ?AThe head.BThe skin.CThe leg.DThe arm.2How many types of burns are there altogether?AOne.BTwo.CThree.DFour.3Burns caused by hot liquids are usually thought to be _.Afirst
27、 degree burnsBsecond degree burnsCthird degree burns Dthe most severe burns4What are characteristics of first degree burns?ABlack and white and charred.BRough，red and swollen.CRough，red and dry.DDry，red and mildly swollen.5When someone is burned，what should be done first?ARemove clothing.BDry the bu
28、rned area gently.CCool burns immediately.DGet the victim to the doctor or hospital.答案：15 BCBDA.Read the text again and fill in the blanks using the suitable forms of given words.The skin,which acts as a barrier against disease,poisons and the suns 1._(harm)rays,is an essential part of your body.So i
29、f your skin gets 2._(burn)it can be very serious.Depending on which layers of the skin are burned,they 3._(call)first,second,third degree burns.First degree burns make an effect 4._ only the top layer of the skin and it turns white when 5._(press).harmful burned are called on pressed Second degree b
30、urns include severe sunburn and burns 6._(cause)by hot liquids.Third degree burns cause little or no pain if nerves are damaged;may be pain around edge of injured areas.If possible,we should do some first aid.First,remove clothing using scissors if necessary 7._ it is stuck to the burn.Take off othe
31、r clothing near the burn.caused unless Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water which prevents the pain 8._(become)unbearable and reduces swelling.It is 9._(help)to squeeze cool cloths out from a basin and place them on the burned area over and over again.Hold the bandage 10._ place with t
32、ape if necessary.Lastly,it is vital that we should get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once if the situation becomes worse and worse.becoming helpful in Step 3 Study ReadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1Often the illness or injury is not serious，but there are other t
33、imes when giving first aid quickly can save lives.分析翻译 通常情况下这种疾病或损伤不是很严重，但也有一些时候迅速实施急救能挽救生命。定语从句2So as you can imagine，if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.分析翻译 因此，你可以想象得到，如果你的皮肤被烧伤，就可能非常严重。条件状语从句非限制性定语从句3Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.分析翻译 除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则要把它去除，必要时可使用剪刀。条件状语从句方式状语祈使句