1、Unit 2 Onwards and upwards Starting out&Understanding ideas词汇知识自主学习.根据语境写出正确的单词1.get into _ 负债2.the _of change变化的速度3._them in writing 以书面形式通知他们4._being sick惧怕生病5._meet them 很少见到他们6._letter 拒绝信debtpaceinformdreadrarelyrejection7.the willingness to _锲而不舍的意志8.face _面对批评9._of world literature 世界文学的经典作品1
2、0._success确保成功11.be _to hear from you收到你的来信很高兴12.eventual _最终结果perseverecriticismclassicsguaranteedelightedoutcome.根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的短语1.I lost all my files today because something _(出毛病).2.Over the past twenty years or so,great changes have taken place in our life._my family _(以为例).3.What do Tom Sawyer
3、 and Jumping Frogs _(有共同点)?4.He said a few brief words,something _(类似)“Thank you for inviting me here.”went wrongTakefor examplehave in commonalong the lines of5.I am afraid your request for a pay rise was _(拒绝)again.6.Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming,_(被看作)one of the best all-round
4、forms of exercise.7.While a lot of hard work and a touch of luck _(起作用),perseverance is the key.8.I think you need to make a decision,_(坚持)it and dont be afraid of difficulties.turned downis regarded asplay a partstick to9.People _(时常)wait for success to happen to them.10.You can also make a differe
5、nce if you have a strong will and never _(放弃).all too oftengive up.根据课文及汉意提示补全句子1.When he might have won _(如果他坚持下去).2.The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it,_(他们的心沉了下来)when they reach that final sentence.3.You _(可能花了)years giving up your weekends and free
6、time to write your lifes work,yet still this is often not enough.had he stuck it outtheir hearts sinkingmay have spent4.I _(没打算放弃直到)every single publisher turned me down,but I often feared that would happen.5.After a total of twelve rejections,one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of h
7、er first book,and as we know,Harry Potter became a global success,_(售出了4亿多本,并被翻译成70多种不同的语言).wasnt going to give up untilwith over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventydifferent languages6.J.D.Salinger started writing short stories in high school,but later struggled to _(发表他的作品
8、).7.Even _(在美国军队服役时)during the Second World War,he carried six chapters of The Catcher in the Rye with him and worked on the novel throughout his war service.get his works publishedwhen serving in the US Army8.In fact,_(正是在简爱中)we can find these words:“I honour endurance,perseverance,industry,talent;
9、because these are the means by which men achieve great ends.9.So,_(似乎)talent alone isnt enough to guarantee success.10._(不断尝试,最终你会读到这些话)“We are delighted to inform you.”it is within the pages of Jane Eyre thatit seems thatKeep trying and eventually you will read the words【构词规律】根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词1.-ly常用
10、于形容词之后构成副词。rare adj.rarely adv.很少,难得total adj._adv.全部地quiet adj._n.安静地2.动词之后加-(t)ion可转化为名词reject v.rejection n.拒绝,否决connect v._n.连接construct v._n.建设totallyquietlyconnectionconstruction阅读研析合作学习Task 1 框架宏观建构:整体理解Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.Task 2 文本微观剖析:细节探究1.Choose the best answer.(1)What
11、s the authors intention by writing the last sentence in the first paragraph?A.To advise us to be patient.B.To allow the writers attitude towards success.C.To introduce the following content.D.To show the key to success.(2)What can we conclude about J.K.Rowling from the second paragraph?A.She knew ma
12、ny famous writers had previously faced rejections.B.She got frustrated by the first rejection letter and gave up.C.Her first book of Harry Potter published at her first attempt.D.She revised her first book following the advice of publishers.(3)What is special about J.D.Salinger from other writers me
13、ntioned in this passage?A.He had faced many rejections before his novel was published.B.He once wanted to give up trying but later changed his mind.C.He worked on his novel when serving in the army.D.His novel was not popular when it was first published.(4)Which of the following can best describe th
14、e three Bronte sisters?A.Intelligent and considerate.B.Talented and strong-minded.C.Gentle and generous.D.Wise and ambitious.(5)What can we learn from the passage?A.Luck is everything.B.Every coin has two sides.C.Where there is a will there is a way.D.Adjust your life goals in time when in trouble.答
15、案:(1)(5)CACBC2.Long sentence analysis.(1)Everyone knows _(宾语从句),but perhapsnot many know _(宾语从句).译文:每个人都知道_,但也许没有多少人知道,_。that success rarely happens overnightthat a lot of highly successful writers have previously facedrejection成功很少是在一夜之间发生的很多非常成功的作家都曾遭到过拒绝(2)When she received her first rejection le
16、tter(时间状语从句),she(主语)decided(谓语)that it meant she now had something in common with her favourite writers(宾语从句),and stuck(谓语)it(宾语)on her kitchen wall(地点状语).译文:_,她觉得这意味着现在她和她最喜欢的作家有了共同点,于是她把信贴在了厨房的墙上。当她收到第一封拒绝信时Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.What does every writer most(1)_reading among the
17、comments frompublishers?Yes,its“We regret to(2)_you.”,which will make thewriters heart sink.In fact,a lot of successful writers have previously faced(3)_.dreadinformrejectionJ.K.Rowling,after a total of twelve rejections,eventually got her first book of Harry Potter(4)_,which became a global success
18、.Another famous writer J.D.Salinger(5)_ in working on his novel TheCatcher in the Rye despite the(6)_ along with rejections from several publishers and when it was eventually published,it became an immediate(7)_.publishedperseveredcriticismbest-sellerThe three Bronte sisters lived in the Victorian A
19、ge.Although they dreamt of seeing their words in print,they experienced many rejections.However,they persevered and now,Charlottes Jane Eyre,Emilys Wuthering Heights and Annes Agnes Grey are regarded as(8)_ of world literature.From the stories above,we can learn that its perseverance that made them
20、realize their dreams.Therefore,keep trying and youll eventually read the words“We are(9)_ to inform you.”.classicsdelightedTask 3 阅读思维升华:主题实践1.If you meet with difficulty in learning,what will you do?(Creative Thinking创造性思维)_2.What do you think of the famous authors in the passage?(Critical Thinking
21、批判性思维)_Success rarely happens overnight.I will honour endurance,perseverance,industry,talent,because these are the means by which men achieve greatends.They are respectable because all of them stuck to their dream and gainedremarkable achievements.要点精研探究学习1.regret to do sth.很遗憾要做某事*We regret to info
22、rm you.我们很遗憾地通知您*I regret to say that you have failed your exam.我很遗憾地告诉你,你考试不及格。*Li also does not regret having turned down offers in the$1.5 billion to$2 billionrange from Google,Yahoo and Microsoft.李同样也不会遗憾之前拒绝了谷歌、雅虎和微软的15亿到20亿的收购意向。*Bees fly in circles to inform their partners about food or dange
23、r.蜜蜂绕着圈飞以告知同伴食物的位置或警告它们有危险。*I regret that I did not take your advice.我后悔没有听你的劝告。*He told me with regret that he could not come to the party.他遗憾地对我说他不能来参加这个聚会了。【词块积累】(2)with great regret非常遗憾to ones regret令某人抱歉/遗憾的是【巧学助记】I regretted to tell her that she had been dismissed.Much to my regret,she said to
24、me,“I have no regret.I only regret having taken the wrong job.”我很遗憾地告诉她她被解雇了,让我深感遗憾的是,她对我说:“我没有任何遗憾,我只是后悔选错了工作。”【即学活用】(1)语法填空。I dont regret _(tell)her what I thought.I regret _(tell)you that you have failed again in the examination.We informed her _regret of our decision.(2)We _we are unable to reco
25、nsider your case.我们很遗憾无法重新考虑你的情况。telling/having toldto tellwithregret that2.inform v.通知,告知*(2020天津高考)Once the book youve requested is delivered to the nearestbranch,they will inform you by e-mail,so you can pick it up.一旦你要的书送到最近的分馆,他们会通过电子邮件通知你,你就可以去取了。*We would like to inform all passengers that th
26、e restaurant car is now open.我们想通知所有乘客,餐车现在开始营业。*The famous company that I interviewed with last week phoned me today andinformed me to be on duty next Monday.上个星期我参加面试的那个知名公司今天来电话了,通知我下周一正式上班。*They would inform me of/about any progress they had made.他们会把他们取得的任何进展都告诉我。【词块积累】(1)inform sb.of/about sth
27、.告诉某人某事;通知某人某事inform sb.that/when/how.通知某人inform sb.to do sth.通知某人做某事keep sb.informed(of)使某人随时了解()(2)informationn.U通知;消息;情报;信息【即学活用】(1)语法填空。The newspapers keep us _(inform)of what is going on around us at anytime.Id appreciate it if you can inform me _what will happen in our companywhile Im away.Our
28、 _(inform)is that the police will shortly make an arrest.(2)As the meeting would last one hour,the host _my speech tohalf an hour.因为会议将持续一个小时,所以主持人让我把发言限制在半小时之内。informedof/aboutinformationinformed me to limit3.rarely adv.很少,难得*Everyone knows that success rarely happens overnight,but perhaps not many
29、know that a lot of highly successful writers have previously faced rejection.每个人都知道成功很少是在一夜之间发生的,但也许没有多少人知道很多非常成功的作家都曾遭到过拒绝。*In ancient times,people rarely traveled long distances and most farmers onlytraveled as far as the local market.古时候,人们很少出远门,大多数农民去的最远的地方是当地集市。*Because of human activities,the
30、number of some rare animals is on the decrease.由于人类活动,一些稀有动物的数目在减少。*Rarely were they seen together and they certainly did not travel together.很少见到他们在一起,当然他们不可能一起旅行。*I often remind myself how rare it is for me to have such an opportunity.我常常提醒自己,拥有这样的机会是多么难得。【词块积累】rare adj.稀少的;珍贵的;(肉)半熟的rare opportun
31、ity 稀有的机会,难得的机会it is rare(for sb.)to do sth.(某人)难得做某事,(某人)很少做某事【名师点津】否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition等置于句首时,句子使用部分倒装。【即学活用】(1)用rare的适当形式填空。He hardly ever washes the dishes and he _(rare),if ev
32、er,does any cleaning.On the _occasions when they met he hardly ever dared speak to her.(2)Rarely _his parents,which surprised me very much.他很少去看他的父母,这使我很吃惊。rarelyraredid he visit(3)Shall we take some apples with us?No,at no time _in the library.我们可以随身带些苹果吗?不,图书馆绝不允许带食物。(4)句式升级I seldom have read a bo
33、ok with such a powerful message.=Seldom _a book with such a powerful message.is food allowedhave I read4.guarantee v.保证,确保*The car club couldnt guarantee to meet the demands of all its members.那家汽车俱乐部不能保证满足所有会员的要求。*I guarantee that you will be satisfied with the result.我保证你会对结果感到满意。*Can you guarante
34、e me a job when I get there?你可以确保我到那里就可以找到一份工作吗?*The shop said they would replace the television since it was still under guarantee.商店说他们会退换那台电视机,因为它还没有过保修期。*(2020全国卷)While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains runas scheduled,there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or
35、betweentrain services and bus services.虽然昆士兰铁路尽一切努力确保火车按时运行,但不能保证火车之间或火车服务与公共汽车服务之间的连接。【词块积累】(1)guarantee to do sth./that.保证/担保做某事/确保guarantee sb.sth.保证某人某事be guaranteed to do sth.肯定会做某事(2)give sb.a guarantee(that).向某人保证under guarantee在保修期内a guarantee of 的保障/证【即学活用】(1)语法填空。Just looking at a picture
36、of the sea is guaranteed _(make)me feel sick.He gave me _guarantee that it would never happen again.Your mobile phone will be repaired free if it is still _guarantee.(2)A train ticket cant _.一张火车票不能保证你有座位。to makeaunderguarantee you a seat5.delighted adj.愉快的,高兴的*Keep trying and eventually you will re
37、ad the words“We are delighted to informyou.”不断尝试,最终你会读到“我们很高兴通知你”*He was grinning proudly,delighted with his achievements.他为自己的成就感到喜悦,自豪地咧着嘴笑。*Im delighted to have the opportunity to share my music through a new media.我很高兴有机会通过新媒体分享我的音乐。*It has always been my dream and I am delighted that it will co
38、me true.这一直是我的梦想,我很高兴它会实现。*Andrew roared with delight when he heard Rachels nickname for the baby.安德鲁听到瑞秋给婴儿起的绰号时,不禁高兴得呼喊起来。【词块积累】(1)be delighted to do sth.乐意做某事be delighted at为感到高兴be delighted+(that)从句 因而高兴(2)delight vt.使快乐 n.U快乐;C令人高兴的事,乐趣delight in doing sth.以做某事为乐delight sb.with sth.以某物取悦某人take
39、delight in以为乐with delight高兴地to ones great delight/much to ones delight令某人非常高兴的是(3)delightfuladj.令人愉快的,宜人的【巧学助记】Today,a piece of good news delighted Lily.When class began,the maths teacherwas delighted to tell the whole class,“To my delight,the results of the test areexcellent,and Lily got full marks
40、.This is a delightful result;next Lily will shareher experience with us.”今天,有一条令莉莉高兴的消息。开始上课时,数学老师高兴地告诉全班同学:“让我高兴的是,这次考试成绩很好,而且莉莉得了满分。这是一个令人高兴的结果,接下来莉莉会和我们分享她的经验。”【即学活用】(1)语法填空。It was the most _(delight)garden I had ever seen.The professor was delighted _(find)that the project had been finished byth
41、e students independently.Its not polite to take delight _proving others wrong.(2)_,I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the openingceremony.令我高兴的是,我从几百位申请者中被选出来参加开幕式。delightfulto findinTo my delight6.So,it seems that talent alone isnt enough to guarantee success.所以,似乎只有天赋并不能保证成功。【句式解构】
42、“It seems+that从句”,其中it 是形式主语,that引导主语从句。*It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park.看起来没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事。*It seems to me that Mr Brown will not come again.在我看来布朗先生不会再来了。【名师点津】seem的常用句式 除了“It seems+that从句”结构,seem还常用于下列句式:(1)“主语+seem(s)+(to be)+表语”,表语多为名词或形容词,有时是其他的词或短语,以说明主语的特征或状态。Except
43、for one minor disease,he seemed to be in excellent health.除了偶然生过一次小病外,他似乎非常健康。(2)“主语+seem(s)+不定式”,此句型中的seem与不定式一起构成复合谓语。The children seemed to be eating something in the room.孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西。(3)“There+seem(s)to be+名词”,其中to be 可省略。seem 的单复数形式要根据后面作主语的名词的单复数形式确定。There seems to be no objection to your ac
44、cepting the invitation.您接受邀请似乎无可非议。(4)“It seems as if.看起来,似乎”,该句型表示可能,若从句表示的是很可能实现的事情,从句谓语用陈述语气;若从句表示的是与事实相反的假设或实现的可能性很小的事情时,则从句谓语要用虚拟语气。It seems as if it were autumn.现在仿佛是秋天似的。【知识延伸】It+不及物动词(seem,appear,happen等)+主语从句It happened that we met on a bus to the hospital.我们碰巧在去医院的公交车上见面了。It appeared that
45、he had a taste for music.看来他对音乐有一定的鉴赏力。【即学活用】(1)语法填空。It seems _most houses have been destroyed by the storm.The engine just wont start.Something seems _(go)wrong with it.Her mind seemed _(wander)and she didnt recognize us.There seems _(be)no need to go now.(2)_they dont care about Henrys feelings at
46、 all.好像他们根本不关心亨利的情绪。thatto have goneto be wanderingto beIt seems as if7.Keep trying and eventually you will read the words“We are delighted to informyou.”不断尝试,最终你会读到“我们很高兴通知你”【句式解构】该句为“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型。祈使句相当于一个条件句;陈述句表示一种结果,故该句型可以转化为“If条件句+主句”。*Follow your doctors advice,and you will get better soon.遵
47、照医生的建议,你很快就会好起来的。*It is really dangerous.One more step,and the baby will fall into the well.真危险。再多迈一步,这个小孩就会掉进井里。*Study hard,or you will fail in your exams.努力学习,否则你就会考试不及格。【名师点津】与“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型相关的两种变形(1)名词词组+and+陈述句,名词词组中通常含有more,another,further等。(2)祈使句+or+陈述句=If.not.,+主句,or等表示否则,前后为转折关系。注意:以上结构后面的
48、陈述句多用表示将来意义的时态结构。【即学活用】(1)语法填空。Dont eat so many sweets,_youll have a toothache.Work hard and believe in yourself and you _(succeed)one day.More fine food,_youll be healthier and healthier.(2)If you take more exercise,you will be stronger._,_you will be stronger.orwill succeedandTake more exerciseand
49、【要点拾遗】1.debt n.债务,欠款*When the funds are low and the debts are high,And you want to smile,but youhave to sigh.当你债务高资金低,你想要微笑,却不得不叹息时。*We must cut down expenses or well be getting into debt.我们必须减少开支,否则将会负债的。*Many people experience difficulty in paying off their debts.许多人在还债时都遇到困难。*She was in debt when
50、 she was poor,but she has been out of debt since she got rich.她穷的时候欠了债,但她有钱以后就已经还清了。【词块积累】in debt 负债in ones debt/in the debt of sb.欠某人的人情out of debt还清债务get into debt负债pay off the debt还清债务【即学活用】(1)语法填空。Bills heavily _debt at the moment,but hopes to pay it off when he gets paid.Well get _debt if you s
51、pend more than our income.I know I shall feel for ever _her debt.(2)If I make good money this time,Ill _first.如果这次能挣大钱我就先还清所有债务。inintoinpay off all my debts2.dread v.畏惧,惧怕*These are the words that every writer dreads receiving,but words every writerknows well.这是每个作家都害怕收到的话,但又为每个作家所熟知。*He is dreading
52、 going back to work after graduation.他害怕毕业后回去工作。*The little girl dreaded her parents finding out her secret.这个小女孩害怕父母发现她的秘密。*Im dreading that Ill be asked to make a speech.我害怕被要求演讲。【词块积累】(1)dread doing sth.害怕做某事dread sb.doing sth.害怕某人做某事dread that.害怕with dread恐惧地(2)dreadful adj.可怕的;糟透的,令人不快的dreaded
53、adj.令人畏惧的,可怕的dreadfullyadv.可怕地;极其【易混辨析】(1)alarm,fear,fright,horror,panic,terror,dread这些名词均含“恐惧、惧怕、惊恐”之意。alarm强调突然意识到有危险而产生的恐惧心理。fear普通用词,侧重指面临危险或灾祸时内心所产生的恐惧心情。fright通常指一阵突然的、令人震惊的短暂恐惧,有时含夸张意味。horror侧重指因看到令人讨厌或危险的东西或情景而产生的厌恶情绪、极度恐惧的心情或战栗的动作。panic常指因突如其来的外界威胁使人群出现惊慌、恐惧或混乱。terror指极大的恐惧和惊骇,语气最强。dread可与f
54、ear换用,着重害怕的心理,但dread常指胆怯和丧失勇气。(2)dreadful 和dreaded dreadful(一般用于修饰事物)令人不快的,糟透的,可怕的。dreaded(一般用于形容人的心理、动作等)令人畏惧的,可怕的。【即学活用】语法填空。(1)Hsieh said by the time the company had about 100 employees,he dreaded _(get)out of bed to go to his own company.(2)Would you mind _(dread)if I didnt come?(3)Bernice looke
55、d _dread at the end of the passage.(4)Two hours on a _(dread)night like this are as long as two years.gettingdreadfullywithdreadful3.take for example以为榜样/例子*Take for example J.K.Rowling.以J.K.罗琳为例。*As we know,parents should set an example to their children.众所周知,父母应该为孩子树立榜样。*It would be a mistake to f
56、ollow his example.效仿他是个错误。【词块积累】for example 例如,举例来说give(sb.)an example给(某人)举例set an example to sb.为树立榜样follow ones example以某人为榜样,效仿某人be an example to sb.是的榜样【知识延伸】take ones time 别着急;慢慢来take it easy从容;不急;松懈take sth.seriously重视某事;认真对待某事take.for granted认为理所当然take.as.把当成【名师点津】take.for example中,当宾语较长时,宾语
57、可移到for example之后。【即学活用】语法填空。(1)I think Marys courage is an example _us all.(2)Li Feng has set a good example _us all.(3)A lot of women manage to bring up families and go out to work at the same time take Angela _example.totofor【补偿训练】(1)语法填空。Believe it or not,I always take your suggestions _(serious)
58、.But I took it _nothing and continued to prepare our wedding necessities.(2)_when you are on the stage.当你在台上时不要紧张。(3)_;there is a lot of time left.别着急,还有很多时间。(4)I _that he had received the letter.我想当然地认为他收到了信。seriouslyasTake it easyTake your timetook it for granted4.rejection n.拒绝,否决*They might be r
59、equired information for the approval or rejection decision.他们在决定审批或拒绝时可能需要这些信息。*He tried to join the army but was rejected.他想参军但被拒绝了。*These agencies will make approval or rejective decision on information and feedback to system.这些机构将对信息做出批准或拒绝的决定,并反馈给系统。【词块积累】reject vt.拒绝;排斥;抵制;丢弃rejectiveadj.拒绝的;排斥
60、的【即学活用】语法填空。(1)What I have found helpful is for me to be mentally prepared to face _(reject).(2)He _(reject)for the army because of his bad eyesight.rejectionwas rejected5.have.in common(with sb.)(与)有共同处*When she received her first rejection letter,she decided that it meant she now hadsomething in c
61、ommon with her favourite writers,and stuck it on her kitchen wall.当她收到第一封拒绝信时,她觉得这意味着现在她和她最喜欢的作家有了共同点,于是她把信贴在了厨房的墙上。*It was not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks that I found we had alot in common.直到我们在一起待了几个星期,我才发现我们有很多共同之处。*These two kinds of medicines have nothing in common in es
62、sentials.这两种药物实质上没有什么共同之处。*Britain,in common with many other industrialized countries,has experiencedmajor changes over the last 100 years.与许多其他工业化国家一样,英国在过去100 年里经历了重大改革。【词块积累】have nothing/little in common 毫无(几乎没有)共同之处have much/a lot in common有很多共同点in common with.与相同【知识延伸】in vain 徒劳in common有共同处;共有
63、;共用in order有秩序地;妥当;适宜in public公开地in place在适当的位置【即学活用】(1)语法填空。To my surprise,although they are brothers,they have nothing _common.In common _many young people,he prefers pop music to classical music.(2)If I _my aunt,thats our smiles.如果我和我姑姑有什么共同之处的话,那就是我们的微笑。inwithhave something in common with【补偿训练】语
64、法填空We walked a couple of blocks,looking _vain for a taxi.The books were all neatly _place,carefully arranged.The only thing we have _common is that weve both been to France.ininin6.persevere v.锲而不舍,坚持不懈*Nevertheless,she persevered.然而,她坚持了下来。*He persevered with his task until he had succeeded in coll
65、ecting an armful offirewood.他坚持不懈地去完成任务,直到成功地收集了一抱柴火。*This motivates them to persevere in seeking the information they now want to learn,what they need to be taught.这促使他们坚持不懈地寻求他们现在想知道的信息,这些信息他们需要听教师的讲解。*It took perseverance to overcome his reading problems.由于坚持不懈,他才得以克服阅读障碍。【词块积累】persevering adj.坚忍
66、的;不屈不挠的perseveringly adv.坚定地perseverance n.坚持不懈;不屈不挠persevere in/with 坚持【即学活用】(1)语法填空。You have to persevere _those students who are hard to teach.As long as you persevere in _(do)so,there is nothing you cannot achieve in the world.It is essential to attain development through ones own _(persevere)ef
67、forts.The only way to improve is through hard work and dogged _(persevere).withdoingperseveringperseverance(2)写出句子中画线部分的汉语意思。The cold weather will persevere for the whole week._将持续整整一周7.turn down拒绝;调低(温度等)*“I wasnt going to give up until every single publisher turned me down,but Ioften feared that w
68、ould happen,”she later posted.“我不会放弃,除非所有的出版商都拒绝我,但我经常担心会发生这种情况,”她后来说。*Turn the heat down,otherwise itll burn.把炉火开小一点,不然就烧焦了。*You can turn to the dictionary for the meaning of the word.你可以查阅词典找这个单词的意思。*Unfortunately,they didnt turn out to be more creative.不幸的是,结果证明他们并非更有创造性。【词块积累】turn(a)round 转身;调头t
69、urn about转身;扭转;反复思考turn into(使)成为;翻译turn off关掉(煤气、电器、水龙头等)turn out原来是,结果是,证明是turn to翻到;转向;求助于turn up出现,到场;调大(音量等);被发现或找到【即学活用】(1)语法填空。He said he was a doctor;but later he turned _to be a cheat.The meeting has already begun,but the chairman hasnt turned _yet.As he turned _,he was surprised to see tha
70、t the man had disappeared.Please tell Tom not to leave the classroom unless he makes sure that all thelights are turned _.(2)He tried to join the army but _because of poor health.他想参军,但因身体不好被断然拒绝。outuparoundoffwas turned down8.J.D.Salinger started writing short stories in high school,but later strug
71、gled to gethis works published.J.D.塞林格从高中时就开始写短篇小说了,但之后他的作品却难以发表。【句式解构】get his works published为get sth.done结构,意为“使某事被做”,该结构还可表示“请/让别人做某事”和“遭遇某事”。*This afternoon I will go to get my camera repaired.今天下午我去修相机。*My brother got his left leg broken while playing football yesterday.我弟弟昨天踢足球时把左腿摔断了。*You sho
72、uld get your friend to help you.你应该让你的朋友帮助你。*Even if it is hot,you had better not get the air-conditioning running all the time.即使天气很热,你也最好不要让空调一直开着。【名师点津】get sb./sth.to do sth.让某人/某物去做某事get sb./sth.doing sth.使某人/某物处于某种活动状态下get sb./sth.+adj.使某人/某物处于某种状态【即学活用】(1)语法填空。Claire got her luggage _(check)an
73、 hour before her plane left.My father is stubborn.I cant get him _(change)his mind.What the teacher said got us _(think).(2)They tried their best to _.他们尽力让校园变得更美丽。checkedto changethinkingget the campus more beautiful9.When he might have won had he stuck it out.如果他坚持下去,他可能会赢。【句式解构】句中“had he stuck it
74、 out”相当于“If he had stuck it out”,是虚拟条件句。“如果他坚持下去,他可能会赢。”但是事实是,他没有坚持,他失败了。表示对过去的情况的虚拟,主句谓语动词用“should/would/could/might+have+过去分词”,if 条件句中谓语动词用“had+过去分词”;如果省略if,则提前助动词had。*If you had got up earlier,you would have caught the train.如果你早点起床,你就会赶上火车了。*If the new safety system had been put to use,the accid
75、ent would never havehappened.如果新的安全系统被投入使用,事故就不会发生了。(事实是“没投入使用,发生了事故”。)【名师点津】if条件句中的虚拟语气if条件句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might+动词原形表示过去情况had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词表示将来情况should+动词原形should/would/could/might+动词原形动词过去式were to+动词原形*If I had enough money,I woul
76、d take the beautiful dress for my daughter.如果我的钱够的话,我就会为女儿买下这件漂亮的连衣裙。(与现在事实相反)*If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,we would have to put off thesports meeting.如果明天下雨的话,我们就得推迟运动会。(与将来事实相反)【即学活用】(1)语法填空。If I had enough money now,I _(buy)a car.If we _(drive)in turn,you wouldnt have got so tir
77、ed.If it _(snow)tomorrow,we would take photos.(2)If you had gone to the exhibition,you would have enjoyed it._to the exhibition,you would have enjoyed it.would buyhad drivenwere to snowHad you gone10.The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens andreads it,their hearts sinki
78、ng when they reach that final sentence.出版商的答复回来了,作家急切地展开阅读,当他们读到那最后一句时,他们的心沉了下来。【句式解构】本句中their hearts sinking为独立主格结构。独立主格结构通常在句中作状语,可表示原因、条件、伴随状况等。*Weather permitting,well go for a picnic tomorrow.如果天气允许,明天我们出去野餐。*He lied on the grass listening to music,his eyes closed.他躺在草地上,听着音乐,闭着眼睛。*A lot of wor
79、k to do,we will work very late.很多工作要做,我们会工作到很晚。*The window open,a sweet smell from the flowers outside greeted the nose.开着窗户,外面花的香味扑鼻而来。【名师点津】独立主格结构(1)名词/主格代词+现在分词(短语)。名词和主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系。(2)名词/主格代词+过去分词(短语)。名词和主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。(3)名词/主格代词+不定式(短语)。名词和主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系,且强调的是一次具体的动作。(4)名词/主格代词+形容词/副词。(5)
80、名词/主格代词+介词短语。这类独立主格结构中,当其中的介词是in时,其前后的两个名词通常不加任何修饰语(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。【即学活用】(1)语法填空。He was playing games,his eyes _(fix)on the computer screen.The final exam _(draw)near,your parents will not probably allow you to listen to music.I send you today four fifths of the sum,the rest _(follow)in a month.fix
81、eddrawingto follow(2)Father came back home happily,_.爸爸高兴地回到家,手里捧着蛋糕。(3)_,everyone tried to go home earlier.会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。cake in handThe meeting over11.You may have spent years giving up your weekends and free time to write yourlifes work,yet still this is often not enough.你可能花了数年没有周末没有空闲时间地创作你一生
82、的作品,但这仍然常常还不够。【句式解构】may have spent为“情态动词+have done”结构,表示对过去的推测。*She might have taken that book with her just now.她刚才可能把书已经带走了。*You must have left your handbag in the theatre,I think.我想你一定把手提包丢到剧场了。*We could have faced the difficulty together,but why didnt you tell me?我们本来可以一起面对困难,但是你为什么不告诉我?*Mark ne
83、ednt have hurried.After driving at top speed,he arrived half an hourearly.马克本不必着急。他开快车后,早到了半小时。【名师点津】情态动词+have done含义和用法must have done过去一定做过(肯定句)can have donecant have done过去可能做过吗?(疑问句)过去不可能做过(否定句)could have done本来能够做但却未做(肯定句)may have donemight have done过去可能做过(肯定句)过去可能没有做过(否定句)情态动词+have done含义和用法sho
84、uld have doneshouldnt have doneought to have done本来应该做但是实际上未做(肯定句)本来不应该做而实际上做了(表指责)过去应该做而实际并没有做(表遗憾)need have doneneednt have done本来需要做某事而没有做本来不需要做某事而做了【即学活用】(1)语法填空。How I regretted the days when I had played and should _(study).We could _(walk)to the station,it was so near.He couldnt _(go)to bed,yo
85、u see,the light in his room is still on.(2)I got up early,but _so,because I had nothing to do thatmorning.那天早上我起得很早,可我根本不必这样做,因为我无事可做。have studiedhave walkedhave goneneednt have done拓视野观天下1.The football player has reportedly informed the club that he wants to leave theteam immediately despite having
86、 a 700 million euro release clause in his contract.据多家媒体报道,那个足球运动员已通知了俱乐部,希望立刻离开这家球队,尽管他的合约中包含的买断条款解约金为7亿欧元。2.To guarantee the safety of pedestrians,the Singapore government announced thenew code to shape their behaviour.为了保证行人的安全,新加坡政府宣布了新守则来规范他们的行为。3.I regret to tell you the news that there will be no Ballon dOr award ceremony in2020.我很遗憾告诉你这个消息,2020年将不会颁发金球奖。