1、必 修 第 一 册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS英 语 2023高 考 总 复 习 优 化 设 计 GAO KAO ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI 内 容 索 引背主题词汇 积写作素材通词句 基础自测提能力 增分课堂研真题 链接高考微专题 精准突破测效果 课堂评价背主题词汇 积写作素材 主题:灾害防范 单词一、自然灾害1.hit v.碰撞;撞击;打击2.severe adj.严重的;剧烈的;严厉的3.situation n.形势;局面;处境4.attack v.攻击;袭击5.shortage n.缺乏;不足6.shake vi.摇动;震动7.cause
2、vt.引起 n.原因8.injury n.伤害9.deadly adj.致命的10.last vi.持续二、人们表现1.hopeless adj.无助的;绝望的2.threaten v.威胁3.terrify vt.使感到恐怖;恐吓4.panic n.&v.惊慌5.noisy adj.喧闹的;嘈杂的6.positive adj.积极的7.concern n.&v.担心;关心8.provide vt.提供9.organise vt.组织10.support n.&vt.支持三、预报防范1.unite v.团结;联合2.predict vt.预报;预言;预告3.responsibility n.责
3、任;负责;义务4.uncertain adj.不确定的5.recover v.痊愈;恢复6.exist vi.存在;生存7.improvement n.改进,改善8.safety n.安全9.prevent vt.预防10.possible adj.可能的词块1.volcanic eruption火山喷发2.first aid kit 急救箱3.in times of 在的时候4.stay positive 保持积极的态度5.rescue team 救援队6.drinking water饮用水7.donate.to.向捐赠8.stricken area 受灾地区9.economic losse
4、s 经济损失e to ones rescue 前来救某人11.put up shelters搭建避难所12.rebuild ones home 重建家园13.take on a new look 呈现新面貌14.earthquake relief 抗震救灾15.win praise赢得赞扬16.in the revival of 在的恢复中通词句 基础自测 教材单词 必背写作词汇 1.n.洪水;大量 vi.淹没;大量涌入 vt.使灌满水;淹没 2.n.&vt.营救;救援 3.vt.损害;破坏 n.损坏;损失 4.vt.摧毁;毁灭 5.vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动 flood rescue
5、 damage destroy affect 6.n.避难处;居所;庇护 vt.保护;掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)7.n.气体;燃气;汽油 8.n.&vt.破坏;毁坏 9.vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n.险境;陷阱 10.vt.埋葬;安葬 11.n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力 12.n.智慧;才智 shelter gasruin trap bury effort wisdom 13.n.上下文;语境;背景 14.n.供应(量);补给;pl.补给品 vt.供应;供给 15.n.突发事件;紧急情况 16.adj.镇静的;沉着的 vt.使平静;使镇静 17.n.援助;帮助;救援物资 vi.&vt.帮
6、助;援助 18.vt.&vi.碰撞;撞击 n.撞车;碰撞 contextsupply emergency calm aid crash 19.vt.&vi.打扫;清扫 20.n.海浪;波浪 vi.&vt.挥手;招手 21.vi.&vt.侵袭;突击;击打 n.罢工;罢课;袭击 22.n.总结;概括;概要 sweepwave strike summary识记阅读词汇 1.disaster n.2.tornado n.3.drought n.4.landslide n.5.slide vi.&vt.6.tsunami n.7.magnitude n.灾难;灾害 龙卷风;旋风 旱灾;久旱(山地或悬崖的
7、)崩塌;滑坡(使)滑行;滑动 海啸(地)震级;重大 8.evacuate vt.vi.9.helicopter n.10.crack n.vi.&vt.11.percent n.adj.&adv.12.brick n.13.metal n.14.electricity n.疏散;撤出 撤离 直升机 裂纹;裂缝(使)破裂 百分之每一百中 砖;砖块 金属 电;电能 15.unify vi.&vt.16.volcano n.17.erupt vi.&vt.18.typhoon n.19.hurricane n.20.tap vi.&vt.n.21.pipe n.统一;(使)成一体 火山(火山)爆发;
8、(岩浆、烟等)喷出 台风(尤指西大西洋的)飓风 轻叩;轻敲;轻拍 水龙头;轻叩;轻敲管子;管道 22.whistle vi.vt.n.23.kit n.吹口哨;发出笛声 吹口哨 哨子(声);呼啸声 成套工具;成套设备构织连脉词汇1.n.死;死亡 vi.死亡 adj.濒临死亡的2.n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊 adj.感到震惊的;震撼的 adj.令人震惊的3.vi.&vt.呼吸 n.呼吸 adj.气喘吁吁的;上气不接下气的4.vt.&vi.复活;(使)苏醒 n.振兴;复苏5.vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 n.苦难;痛苦deathdiedying shoc
9、kshockedshocking breathebreathbreathless reviverevival suffersuffering 6.vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过 n.幸存者;生还者 n.幸存;生存7.n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力 adj.强大的,强有力的 adj.无力的;没有能力的8.vt.&vi.递送;传达 vt.发表 n.投递;递送9.n.影响;结果;效果 adj.有效的;生效的10.n.长;长度 adj.长的survivesurvivorsurvival powerpowerfulpowerless deliverdeliveryeffecteffective
10、 lengthlong常用短语 1.严重受损;破败不堪 2.震惊;吃惊 3.露天;在户外 4.遭受 5.处境危险 6.现有(尤指帮助)in ruins in shock in the open air suffer from in danger on hand 7.sweep away e to an end 9.as usual 10.the number of 消灭;彻底消除 结束 像往常一样 的数量重点句型 1.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat,and dogs refused to go inside buildings.【尝
11、试翻译】【考点凝练】too+形容词+to.“太而不能”2.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】as if.“似乎/好像”鸡甚至猪都紧张得吃不下东西,狗也不愿意进圈舍里去。仿佛世界末日即将来临!3.The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday,killing more than 6,500 peoplein Indonesia
12、,India,Thailand,Malaysia,and at least four other countries.【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】现在分词短语作结果状语 过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸,造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6,500多人死亡。4.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】be doing sth when.“正在做某事,这时”5.However,dangerous conditi
13、ons and damaged roads will make it difficult todeliver food and supplies.【考点凝练】make it+adj.+to do 【尝试翻译】我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐,这时海水开始灌进家里。然而,危险的状况以及受损的道路将会使得运送食物和物资变得困难。单元词句小测.单词小测 1.The old man went through a lot of in the old days.Whats worse,he from a heart attack when he was in his eighties.(suffer)2.We
14、were at the news that he died suddenly yesterday.(shock)3.Luckily,I the terrible car crash last week and I was the only of the accident.(survive)sufferingssuffered shockedshocking survivedsurvivor4.Yesterday,I climbed the mountain to fresh air.Although I when I was on the top,the of fresh air was wo
15、rth it.(breath)5.In order to find more ways to protect the environment and help all of us avoid waste,we called on the government to put the law into .(effect)breathebreathlessbreath effectiveeffect.短语小测 A great earthquake struck the city and everyone was 1.(震惊).2.(的数目)the buildings that lay 3._(严重受
16、损)was ninety.Many people were trapped at home and 4._(遭受)sufferings.There was neither electricity nor water.The government immediately spared no effort to evacuate people and take the trapped survivors to shelters 5.(露天).Some doctors ran around with first aid kits 6.(现有).Many tents were put up.in sh
17、ock The number of in ruins suffered fromin the open air on hand.句型小测高考情景仿写 1.我太焦虑,每天直到很晚才能睡着。(too.to.)Every day until late into the night.2.童年的一切一下子涌入我的脑海,仿佛刚刚发生似的。(as if)Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind .3.大火持续了三天,给当地的居民造成了巨大的损失。(现在分词短语作状语)The fire lasted for 3 days,.I was too anxiou
18、s to fall asleep as if it had just happened causing great damage to the locals 4.我正在一个十字路口等绿灯,这时一个大约十岁的小女孩被一辆过往的汽车撞倒了。(be doing sth when)I a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car.5.但是天开始黑了,这使得我们更难找到回家的路。(make it+adj.+to do)However,it was getting dark,.was waiting for the green light at
19、 a crossing when making it more difficult to find our way home提能力 增分课堂 核心词汇突破 1.damage vt.损害;破坏 n.损害;损失【练会】单句填空 After he retired,the old man did all he could to protect the old temple from (damage).The accident caused some damage my car,but its nothing serious.being damagedto【写美】一句多译背诵 众所周知,抽烟会损害我们的
20、健康。As we all know,smoking can .(damage n.)It is well known that smoking can .(damage vt.)do/cause damage to our healthdamage our health【归纳】(1)be badly/seriously damaged严重受损 be slightly damaged轻微受损 damage ones health损害某人的健康(2)do/cause damage to.对造成损害/破坏 brain/liver damage脑损伤/肝损伤 serious/minor damage严
21、重的/轻微的损伤 2.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动【练会】单句填空 The flood (affect)the area greatly,destroying houses and causing many deaths.Affected a high fever,he continued with his work.Think of the movies,books,teachers,and friends that have an effect you most deeply.affected with on/upon【写美】句式升级背诵 We were deeply
22、affected by the film and couldnt hold back tears.,we couldnt hold back tears.(用过去分词作状语改写)Deeply affected by the film【归纳】(1)be affected by受的影响;被感动 be affected with感染疾病(2)effect n.影响;结果;效果 have an effect/influence on/upon对产生影响(3)affection n.喜爱【佳句】I feel much affection for my mum,whose words and action
23、s have apositive effect on me.我深爱我的妈妈,她的言行对我有积极的影响。3.ruin n.&vt.破坏;毁坏【练会】单句填空 With time going on,the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely ruins.Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _(reduce)to ruins,the city took on a new look.【写美】句式升级背诵 He made a mistake,which rui
24、ned his chance of going abroad.(用现在分词作状语改写)He made a mistake,.in being reducedruining his chance of going abroad【归纳】(1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己;自取灭亡 ruin ones health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途【佳句】You cant change the past,but you can ruin the present by worrying
25、 about the future.你改变不了过去,但如果你忧虑未来,将会毁了现在。4.shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊【练会】单句填空 Looking at the house which lay in ruins shock,he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped.The survivors lay on the beach,exhausted and (shock).His not passing the final exam was great shock
26、to his parents.I was shocked (hear)that our factory would have to close.in shocked ato hear【写美】一句多译背诵 这一消息令公众震惊,引起了人们对学生在校安全的极大关注。The news ,leading to great concern about students safety at school.(shocked adj.)The news ,leading to great concern about students safety at school.(shock vt.)made the pu
27、blic shocked shocked the public【归纳】(1)be a shock to.对而言是一件震惊的事 in shock吃惊地,震惊地(2)shocked adj.感到震惊的 be shocked at sth/that.对感到震惊 be shocked to do sth因做某事而感到震惊(3)shocking adj.令人震惊的【佳句】They have made amazing achievements in the past few years,shocking many people.他们在过去的几年里取得了惊人的成就,令许多人震惊。5.trap vt.使落入险
28、境;使陷入圈套 n.险境;陷阱【练会】单句填空 A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _(trap)in the mountains for two days.If you choose this way,youre likely to fall/walk into trap.【写美】句式升级背诵 Though she was trapped in the ruins,the girl still wore a smile,waiting to be rescued.,the girl still wore a smil
29、e,waiting to be rescued.(用过去分词作状语改写)had been trappeda Trapped in the ruins【归纳】(1)fall/walk into a trap落入圈套 lay/set a trap for.为设下圈套 fall into the trap of doing sth落入做某事的陷阱(2)be trapped in.陷入 trap sb into doing sth诱使某人做某事 6.bury vt.埋葬;安葬;掩埋;使沉浸;使专心【练会】单句填空 After the volcanic eruption,many houses (bur
30、y)by ashes.Youll never solve your problems if you just bury your head the sand.I wandered into the dining room and found you (bury)in piles of books.were buriedin buried【写美】一句多译背诵 由于埋头于功课,他对外面的事情一无所知。,he knew nothing about the outside world.,he knew nothing about the outside world.Burying himself in
31、 his lessonsBuried in his lessons【归纳】bury.in.把埋到里;使沉浸于 bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面 be buried inbury oneself in(doing)sth 埋头于/专心于(做)某事【佳句】The secret of a happy life isnt buried in a treasure chest.It lies within your heart.幸福人生的秘密,并非藏在财宝箱里,而是在你的心里。7.effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力【练会】单句填空 Parents arrange
32、everything for their children and spare no effort (pave)the way for their success.I dislike people who dont make effort.The company has laid off 150 workers in an effort (save)money.to pavean to save【写美】一句多译背诵 我们将竭尽全力帮助你,但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。Well you,but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficu
33、lties.(best)Well you,but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(effort)try/do our best to helpmake an effort to help/spare no effort to help【归纳】with great effort努力 without effort毫不费力地 in an effort to do sth为了做某事 spare no effort to do sth不遗余力地做某事 make every effort to do sth尽全力做某事 ma
34、ke an effort/efforts to do sth努力做某事【佳句】If I am lucky enough to be elected,I will make every effort to servefor the benefit of students and our club.如果我有幸当选,我将尽最大努力为同学们和俱乐部的利益服务。8.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦【练会】单句填空 People of the disaster area suffered a lot the typhoon,and water supplies and e
35、lectricity were hard to get.The old man is said to have gone through varieties of (suffer)during the war.Mary (suffer)from ill health at the moment.from sufferings is suffering【写美】句式升级背诵 John has suffered from lung cancer for many years.He has decided to give up smoking.,John has decided to give up
36、smoking.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)Having suffered from lung cancer for many years【归纳】(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏 suffer from 受折磨;患病(2)suffering n.痛苦;苦恼;让人痛苦的事(3)sufferer n.受难者;患病者【佳句】It concerned us that the writer suffered from ill health for most of his life.这位作家大半生饱受病痛之苦,使我们很担忧。9.suppl
37、y n.供应(量);补给;pl.补给品 vt.供应;供给【练会】单句填空 Whenever she goes out with her baby,she always takes large supply of baby food with her.Id like to know the reason why the milk is short supply in this area now.Food (supply)in the flood-stricken area are running out.ain supplies【写美】一句多译背诵 没有必要担心,我们可以提供你需要的任何东西。T
38、here is no need to worry.We can .There is no need to worry.We can .supply you with whatever you needsupply whatever you need to you【归纳】(1)in short supply短缺 have a good supply of.备有许多(2)supply sth to sb为某人提供某物 supply sb with sth 为某人提供某物【点津】(1)supply作名词,表示“补给品”时,要用复数形式,即supplies。(2)表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有:pr
39、ovide sb with sth=provide sth for sb offer sb sth=offer sth to sb 10.survive vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过【练会】单句填空 The local governments made great efforts to build shelters for people who (survive)the hurricane.None of these seems to have much chance of (survive).As far as I know,the old lady survived her hu
40、sband 5 years.The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle.There were no _(survive).survived survival by survivors【写美】完成句子背诵 生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存,而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(续写升华)Life isnt about ;its about learning to dance in the rain.how to survive the storm【归纳】(1)survive sth幸免于;从中挺过来/活过来 survive on依靠生存下来 A survive B
41、(by.)A比B活得长()(2)survival n.U幸存;C残存物(3)survivor n.幸存者;生还者【点津】survive 表示“幸免于”时,是及物动词,因而不需要加多余的介词。【佳句】Emergency help is needed for survivors of the earthquake.地震幸存者需要紧急救援。11.on hand 现有(尤指帮助)【练会】单句填空 The emergency services were hand with medical advice.(2020新高考全国卷)Write hand or type on a single sheet of
42、 paper.(2020北京卷)Though Smith did get her (hand)on the best sand.【写美】完成句子背诵 俗话说,成功与失败如影随形。As the saying goes,success and failure always go .on by hands hand in hand【归纳】at hand 在手边;即将到来 by hand 用手;靠人工 give/lend sb a hand 帮助某人 get ones hands on 找到 hand in hand 手拉手 on(the)one hand;on the other hand一方面;另
43、一方面【佳句】On the one hand,computers improve the working efficiency;on theother hand,they also bring about some new problems.计算机一方面提高了人们的工作效率,另一方面也带来了一些新的问题。12.strike vt.&vi.(struck,struck)击打;罢工;时钟等敲响;擦火柴);撞击;侵袭;给某人以印象;突然想起【练会】写出加黑词的含义 A big earthquake struck the city last year,killing hundreds of peopl
44、e.The child ran into the road and was struck by a car.It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.I got up early this morning before the clock struck five.突然袭击撞击罢工(钟)报时【写美】一句多译背诵 John突然想起,他们可以帮助 Bernard为他的爆米花做广告。(2020新高考全国卷,读后续写)they could help Bernard advertise his popcorn.(
45、strike)they could help Bernard advertise his popcorn.(hit)they could help Bernard advertise his popcorn.(occur)It struck John thatIt hit John thatIt occurred to John that【归纳】(1)be struck with/by为所袭击/感动 It strikes sb that.某人突然想到 strike.into ones heart使某人刻骨铭心(2)be on strike 在罢工 go on strike举行罢工【点津】表示“
46、突然想到”的单词还有hit,occur。【佳句】Mount Tai has struck its beauty into my heart;as a result,it strikesme that I will visit it again.泰山的美让我刻骨铭心,所以我想我会再次游览泰山。补遗缺 微点练全.一词多义 1.deliver A.递送 B.生(小孩儿);接生 C.发表(演说等)She has been delivered of a healthy boy.Im having some flowers delivered for her birthday.She is due to
47、deliver a lecture on genetic engineering.BA C2.calm A.adj.镇静的,沉着的 B.adj.(海洋、湖泊等)平静的 C.n.安静,宁静 D.v.(使)平静,(使)镇定 So do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better,calmer,healthier?They remained on the terrace(平台)after dinner,enjoying the calm of the evening.(2020天津卷)The deep,gentle voice helped cal
48、m the nervous girl.Today the sea is calm and has only gentle waves.A D CB.单句填空 1.The doctor told me to breathe and then breathe slowly.2.We sleep out under the stars,and eat our meals the open air.3.He succeeded the aid of a completely new method he discovered.inout inwith重点句型透视 as if/though引导表语从句和方
49、式状语从句【教材原句】It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!(P50)仿佛世界末日即将来临!【练会】单句填空 Listen,the whistle of an ambulance!It seems as if there (be)an emergency.When a pencil is partly put into water,it looks as if it (be)broken.The teacher just stared at me as if he (know)everything about the incident.
50、Tom walked here and there as if (look)for something.is were had knownlooking【写美】完成句子背诵 树林里很黑,似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶猛的野兽。她越这样想就越害怕。It was dark in the woods.It seemed as if .The more she thought of this,the more frightened she was.there was a fierce beast behind every bush【归纳】(1)as if相当于as though,意为“似乎,好像”,用
51、在seem,look等系动词之后引导表语从句。(2)as if/though还可引导方式状语从句。若as if从句描述非现实情况,则用虚拟语气。当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时,谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were);当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时,谓语动词用过去完成时。【点津】(1)若从句描述的情况发生的可能性很大,则不用虚拟语气。(2)如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同,且含有be动词,可省略从句主语和be动词,这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。研真题 链接高考(江苏卷,阅读理解C)灾难防范 El Nio,a Spanish t
52、erm for“the Christ child”,was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern,which happens every two to seven years,reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.El Nio sees warm water,collected over several years in the western Pacific,flow back eastwards when
53、winds that normally blow westwards weaken,or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects,both good and bad,are felt in many places.Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios,on balance,than they lose.A study found that a strong Nio in 1997-98 helped Americas economy grow by$15 billion,partly
54、because of better agricultural harvests:farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames.A multi-year drought(干旱)in south-east Brazil is becoming worse.Tho
55、ugh heavy rains brought about by El Nio may relieve the drought in California,they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Nio,in 1997-98,killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth$36 billion around the globe.But such Nios come with months of warnin
56、g,and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare.According to the Overseas Development Institute(ODI),however,just 12%of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance,rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evide
57、nce that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施)can reduce the spread of disease.Better sewers(下水道)make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.Stronger bridges mean villages are
58、 less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods.According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors,civil conflict is related to El Nios harmful effectsand the poorer the country,the stronger the link.Though the relationship may not be causal,helping divided communities to prepar
59、e for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nio,reducing their losses needs to be the priority.理清脉络 真题再做 61.What can we learn about El Nio in
60、 Paragraph 1?A.It is named after a South American fisherman.B.It takes place almost every year all over the world.C.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.D.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.答案 D 解析 细节理解题。第一段概括说明了厄尔尼诺现象名字的来源,发生的时间、地点、现象的成因等内容。根据文中“back east
61、wards”和“normallyblow westwards”等关键词可知D项正确。62.What may El Nios bring about to the countries affected?A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.B.Droughts become more harmful than floods.C.Rich countries gains are greater than their losses.D.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.答
62、案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Rich countries gain more.”排除A项,错误点出在fall一词;B项的说法没有根据,文章中并没有做出对比;D项错在less一词,从文章第二段和第三段的说明可知,一些贫困的国家,如印度尼西亚,遭受到严重的干旱,影响了国家的经济发展。C项的题源句为第二段中“Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios,on balance,than theylose.”,句意为“总的来说,富裕国家得大于失。”63.The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest
63、 that .A.more investment should go to risk reduction B.governments of poor countries need more aid C.victims of El Nio deserve more compensation D.recovery and reconstruction should come first 答案 A 解析 推理判断题。题源句为:According to the Overseas DevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just 12%of disaster-relief f
64、unding in the past twodecades has gone on reducing risks in advance,rather than recovery andrebuilding afterwards.句意为:然而根据海外研究所提供的数字,在过去的20年里,相比于灾后恢复和重建,只有12%的赈灾资金用于事先的减灾预防。just的内涵意义是“言其少”,因此选择A项。B、C项文章没有提及,D项弄反了作者的观点。64.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A.To introduce El Nio and it
65、s origin.B.To explain the consequences of El Nio.C.To show ways of fighting against El Nio.D.To urge people to prepare for El Nio.答案 D 解析 作者意图题。作者首先简要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象,列举了其危害性,进而引出作者写作的真实意图:厄尔尼诺现象是可预报、可预防的,因此政府部门以及有关人员应该积极行动起来做好灾害的防范工作。A、B、C三项都属于以偏概全,以事实细节代替写作目的。语言能力 1.掌握构词知识 词根 派生 词性及词义 例句 agricultural The
66、 total rise in agriculturalincomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.recovery According to the Overseas Development Institute(ODI),however,just 12%of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance,rather than recovery and rebuilding afterw
67、ards.agriculture recover adj.农业的n.恢复 2.猜测生僻词词义 Though the relationship may not be causal,helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.构成原因的,因果关系的3.牢记熟词生义 单词 词性及词义 例句 term El Nio,a Spanish term for
68、“the Christ child”,was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern,which happens every two to seven years,reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.gain Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios,on balance,than they lose.n.术语v.获利 4.仿写经典句型 According to a
69、 paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors,civil conflict is related to El Nios harmful effectsand the poorer the country,thestronger the link.仿写:你对我们的传统文化了解得越多,你就对它越感兴趣。_ The more you know about our traditional culture,the more you are interested in it.5.破解复杂句式 El Nio,a Spanish term for“the Christ
70、child”,was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern,which happens every two to seven years,reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.分析:本句为含有两个定语从句和一个宾语从句的主从复合句。主句部分为El Nio was named by South American fishermen;a Spanish term for“theChrist child”作 ,对El
71、 Nio作进一步的解释;在who引导的定语从句中,又包含that引导的 从句和which引导的 从句。译文:同位语宾语定语厄尔尼诺现象,西班牙语“圣婴现象”的音译,是由南美洲渔民命名的,他们注意到全球天气(变化)模式会使临近圣诞节的捕鱼量减少,这一现象每两至七年发生一次。技法点拨 破解“写作意图题”两招 1.依据文体特点推意图(1)记叙文:一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性语言,且往往有一定的哲理性,所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开的。(2)应用文:文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍,使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。(3)说明文:推断作者的写作目的在于对文章主旨的把握,阅读时需要找准主题句。(4)
72、议论文:提出论点进行论证得出结论,作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。2.看写作手法找答案(1)在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时,答案中往往会含有to bring in/to introduce the topic等信息。(2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有to support/to show等。微专题 精准突破.熟词生义练 1.flood(P48)项目 意义 例句 熟义 v._ The whole town flooded when the river burst its banks.n.The river is in flood again.生义 v.;挤满;充斥 She
73、 drew back the curtains and the sunlight came flooding in.(使)充满水;(使)淹没洪水大量涌入;蜂拥而至2.hit(P48)项目 意义 例句 熟义 vt.&n.She hit her thumb with the hammer.vt.Try to hit the middle of the target.击,打射击;轰炸项目 意义 例句 生义 vt._ Production has been badly hit by the strike.vt.Thats when it hit me that my life would never
74、be the same again.vt.I just cant hit those high notes like I used to.n._ The Beatles had a string of number-one hits in the 1960s.n._ Our page had 243 hits this week.产生不良影响;打击忽然意识到达到,实现非常受欢迎的人(或事);非常成功的人(或事)(对因特网网页的)点击3.bridge(P49)项目 意义 例句 熟义 n.We drove across/over the bridge.生义 n.Part-time work can
75、 provide a bridge between staying at home and working full-time.n._ The blow caught him right on the bridge of his nose.vt._ We must bridge the gap between employees and management.vt.The river had been bridged at its narrowest point.桥桥梁;过渡鼻梁;(眼镜的)鼻梁架减小之间的差异在上架桥.读后续写 微技能(五):动作神态描写之“感激”与“感动”词汇积累 形容词/
76、副词 thankful,grateful,moving,moved,gratefully,touching,touched 名词/动词 gratitude,appreciation,move,appreciate,thank,touch 词块必记 1.tears of gratitude/appreciation感激的泪水 2.accept my sincere appreciation接受我真诚的感激 3.show ones gratitude表达感激 4.be deeply touched by被深深感动 5.appreciate timely help感激及时的帮助 佳句背诵 1.I c
77、an never thank you enough.我对你感激不尽。2.This small gift is only a tiny token of our gratefulness.这件小小的礼物略表我们的感激之情。3.Your sympathy has brought us great comfort.你的慰问给我们带来了莫大的安慰。4.Knowing what had happened,his mother shed tears of joy and gratitude.了解事情的经过后,他的母亲流下了喜悦和感激的泪水。5.When she told me about her daug
78、hters story,I was too moved even to speak.当她告诉我她女儿的故事时,我感动得说不出话来。完成句子 1.感激的泪水顺着彼得的脸颊流下,他感激地说:“今天你救了我。我对你感激不尽。”down his cheeks,Peter said thankfully,“Youve saved me today.I cant thank you enough.”(with复合结构)2.看到陌生人之间这般彼此关照,实在令人感动。how much strangers could care for each other.(形容词)With tears of gratitud
79、e/appreciation rollingIt was very moving to see3.当他接过一个小男孩给的鲜花时,他感激地微笑起来。as he accepted the flowers given by a small boy.(介词短语)4.人群被深深地感动了,于是更大声地拍手。,the crowd clapped their hands even more loudly.(非谓语动词作状语)He smiled with gratitudeTouched/Moved deeply测效果 课堂评价.单句填空 A组 基础必练 1.When the game finally ende
80、d,both of us were lying flat on our backs,too tired (move).2.School started,but I felt more nervous as if I (be)in a foreign country now.3.It (strike)me that I would cheat myself by pretending to understand what I didnt.to move were struck 4.(bury)in reading the legend of a master in basketball,he d
81、idnt make it to school on time.5.How can you survive such a poor diet?Keeping slim doesnt make sense if youre not healthy.Buried on B组 高考链接 6.(2020天津卷)Via such networks,libraries share their books with each other through the use of (deliver)vehicles.7.(2020浙江卷)The traffic signals along Factoria Boul
82、evard in Bellevue,Washington,generally dont flash the same length of green twice in a row,especially rush hour.8.(2020浙江卷)It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection,for that would,indeed,ruin the pleasure of reading,discussing,and thinking about the
83、 plays and the (effective)of the playwright.deliveryat effectiveness 9.(2020天津卷)Jones was (shock)when she said that she didnt actually mind being cheated.10.(2020全国卷)While Queensland Rail makes every effort _(ensure)trains run as scheduled,there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or b
84、etween train services and bus services.shocked to ensure.短语填空 in ruins,in the open air,as usual,dig out,sweep away,as many as,in shock,in danger,on hand,set up 1.Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.Seeing this,I was .2.Whether their wedding ceremony will be held tomorrow depends
85、 on the weather.in shock in the open air 3.In order to provide a platform for students to practice speaking English,our school has decided to an English club.4.Years of fighting has left the area .5.Their houses were by the flood,so they had to build new ones.6.five courses are provided,and you are
86、free to choose whichever suits you best.7.As a result,some animals have died out while others are .set up in ruins swept away As many as in danger 8.It was reported that an American couple had a lot of gold coins from their own yard.9.Although it was Sunday yesterday,Lily got up early .10.Our stuff
87、are always to help.dug out as usualon hand.单元语法专练 1.The book name is World of Plainness touched me greatly.2.Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.3.Is this the teacher rescued several students from the burning building?4.Do you know the lady our English te
88、acher is talking with under the big tree?5.My father bought a new bike for me price added up to more than 1,000 yuan.whose that who/that who/that/whom whose.话题微写作【写作素材】1.昨天一场可怕的地震袭击了我的家乡,造成了巨大的破坏。(非谓语动词短语作结果状语,damage)2.许多房屋和道路被毁,这使许多人受伤或无家可归。(非谓语动词短语作结果状语;destroy,injure)3.死亡人数很多。(the number of,death
89、)4.似乎世界就要结束了!(It seems as if,come to an end)5.士兵们来帮助寻找幸存者,挖出被困在废墟中的人,埋葬死者。(survivor,trap,in ruins,bury)6.政府为困境中的人们提供淡水、食物和避难所。(shelter)【连句成篇】将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。A terrible earthquake hit my hometown yesterday,causing great damage.A lot of houses and roads were destroyed,leaving a great many p
90、eople injured or homeless.Whats more,the number of deaths was large.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!Luckily,the soldiers came to help search for the survivors,dig out people who were trapped in ruins and bury the dead.The government provided fresh water,food and shelters for the people in need.