1、选 择 性 必 修第三册 Unit 3 Back to the past英 语 2023高 考 总 复 习 优 化 设 计 GAO KAO ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI 内 容 索 引背主题词汇 积写作素材通词句 基础自测提能力 增分课堂研真题链接高考测效果课堂评价背主题词汇 积写作素材 主题:历史文化 单词 一、历史朝代 1.history n.历史;历史学 historic adj.历史上著名的 historical adj.与历史有关的 2.ancestor n.祖先 3.revolution n.革命 4.union n.联合;联盟 5.dynasty n.朝代
2、6.period n.时期;时代 二、人文特点 1.responsible adj.有责任的 2.hard-working adj.勤奋的 3.content adj.满足的;满意的 4.devoted adj.忠实的;深爱的 5.optimistic adj.乐观的 6.sympathetic adj.同情的 7.enthusiastic adj.热情的 8.generous adj.慷慨的;大方的 三、历史影响 1.contribute v.贡献;捐献;捐助 contribution n.贡献;捐助 2.inspire vt.鼓舞;激励 3.multicultural adj.多文化的 4
3、.virtue n.美德;正直的品行 5.conflict n.矛盾;冲突 6.monument n.纪念碑;纪念物 7.nationwide adj.全国性的 词块 1.have a far-reaching impact on.对产生深远影响 2.strengthen harmonious relations with.加强与的和谐关系 3.begin ones career as.开始了某人作为的职业生涯 4.sail across the Atlantic Ocean横渡大西洋 5.receive financial support获得财政支持 6.open a new chapter
4、 of.开启了的新篇章 7.economic and cultural development经济文化发展 8.be rich in natural resources自然资源丰富 9.own diverse cultures拥有多元文化 10.promote the communication促进交流 11.open ones eyes to the world放眼望世界 12.attract people throughout the world吸引全世界的人 通词句 基础自测 教材单词必背写作词汇 1.n.航海,航行,航天 vi.航行,远行 2.vt.&vi.装上,装入 n.负载;承载量
5、;大量 3.vt.不予考虑,对不屑一提;去除,摒除;解雇;解散 4.n.路线,路途;途径,渠道 5.vi.&vt.离开,起程 6.n.惊恐,恐慌 vi.&vt.(使)惊慌,(使)惊慌失措 voyage load dismiss route depart panic7.adv.不顾,不加理会 8.n.岸,滨 9.n.船长,机长;上校;队长 10.n.王国;管辖范围 11.n.坟墓 12.vt.使便利,促进 13.adj.可获得的,可找到的;有空的 14.n.监狱 15.n.(书架等的)架子,搁板 16.vt.&vi.塞进,挤进;装(箱),收拾;打包;包装 n.包,包裹;小盒,小包 regardl
6、ess shore captain kingdom tombfacilitate available prison shelf pack17.adj.相反的,相对立的;截然不同的 18.prep.&adv.在(车、船、飞机等)上,上(车、船、飞机等)19.vt.&vi.擦,磨,搓;(使)相互摩擦 20.n.洗手间,厕所 21.n.制服;队服 adj.一致的,统一的 22.vi.俯冲;跳水;潜水 n.冲,扑,俯冲;潜水;跳水 23.vi.轰隆隆地响;打雷 n.雷,雷声 contrary aboard rub washroom uniformdive thunder 24.adv.同时;其间;对比
7、之下 25.vt.拖,拉;缓慢而费力地移动 26.vi.失血,流血 27.n.阴谋;故事情节vi.&vt.密谋 28.vi.&vt.下沉,沉没;坐下;降低 29.n.纪念碑(或像等);纪念物 30.vi.&vt.企盼,祈求;祈祷,祷告 31.vt.改进,改良,改革n.改革,改良 32.n.产量,输出量 33.n.织物,布料 meanwhile drag bleed plotsink memorial pray reform output cloth识记阅读词汇 1.fleet pass n.3.log n.vi.&vt.4.leak vi.vt.n.5.subsequent adj.6.min
8、ister n.舰队;捕鱼船队;车队 罗盘,指南针;圆规 航海日志,正式记录;原木 伐木 漏,渗漏;渗入 漏,渗漏;泄露 漏洞 随后的,后来的 大臣,部长 7.phrase n.8.format n.9.hell n.10.eagle n.11.deck n.12.chaos n.13.navy n.14.hatch vt.vi.成语,习语;短语,词组 总体安排,设计;版式 地狱;苦难的经历,悲惨的境况 雕 甲板,舱面 混乱,杂乱 海军,海军部队 密谋,策划;使孵出 孵化;孵出 15.infamy n.16.episode n.17.textile n.textiles 18.shift n.
9、vi.&vt.19.cottage n.臭名昭著,声名狼藉;恶行,罪恶 一段经历,片段;一集 纺织品 纺织业 改变,转移;轮班(使)移动,(使)转移;改变 小屋,村舍构织连脉词汇 1._ adj.宽阔的,辽阔的_ vi.扩大;变宽 vt.使扩大;使变宽_ n.宽度;广泛 2._ vt.使确信,使相信;说服,劝说_ adj.令人信服的_ adj.确信的 3._ vt.航行;导航 vi.导航_ n.航行;航海_ n.航海家;领航员 4._ adj.强壮的_ n.力量;力气;长处_ vt.&vi.加强,增强 5._ v.证明是;被发现是_ n.证据,证明 broadbroadenbreadthcon
10、vinceconvincingconvincednavigatenavigationnavigatorstrongstrengthstrengthen proveproof 6._ vt.承认(权威、地位);承认(属实);(公开)感谢_ n.承认;感谢 7._ vt.影响;起作用 n.影响;作用_ adj.有很大影响力的,有支配力的 8._ vi.&vt.坚决要求,坚持;坚持说_ adj.坚持的;迫切的_ adv.坚持地;强求地_ n.坚持,强调;坚决主张 9._ adj.短缺的;短的_ v.使变短;缩短;减少_ n.不足;短缺 acknowledgeacknowledgementinflue
11、nceinfluentialinsistinsistentinsistentlyinsistenceshortshortenshortage 10._ vt.使十分惊讶,使吃惊_ adj.对感到惊讶的_ adj.令人惊讶的_ n.惊讶;令人惊讶的事物 11._ adj.盛大的,庄严的;皇家的,王室的_ n.皇室;王权 12._ adj.文学的,文学上的;爱好文学的_ n.文学作品 13._ adj.广阔的;广泛的_ adv.广阔地;广泛地 14._ prep.除之外_ n.例外_ adj.杰出的,优秀的;异常的,罕见的 astonishastonishedastonishingastonish
12、mentroyalroyaltyliteraryliteratureextensiveextensivelyexceptexceptionexceptional 15._ vt.采用,采取;表决采纳;领养,收养 vi.领养,收养_ n.采用,收养_ adj.被收养的;被采用的 16._ vt.&vi.比较,对照_ n.对比;比较 17._ n.暴力,暴行;狂热,激情_ adj.暴力的_ adv.猛烈地,厉害地;强烈地,激烈地;凶狠地 18._ vi.&vt.突然停止,呆住;结冰;冻僵_adj.极冷的;冰冻的 adoptadoptionadoptedcomparecomparison viole
13、nceviolentviolently freezefreezing常用短语1.代表(或代替);为帮助;为了 2.不管,不顾 3.使成为可能;考虑到,把计算在内 4.与相反 5.总共 6.传递 on behalf of regardless of allow for contrary to a total of pass on 7.dismiss sth as.8.succeed sb as 9.sort out 10.open up 11.cottage industry 12.a shortage of 把某事当成不予考虑 接替某人担任理顺;整理;把安排好 直抒胸臆,畅所欲言 家庭手工业
14、缺乏重点句型1.Zheng Hes efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions,exposing foreign people to Chineseculture,and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】动词-ing形式短语作结果状语 郑和的努力有助于发展和加强与这些国家和地区的和谐关系,让外国人了解中国文化,并让中国人更好地了解海外国家。2.Zhen
15、g Hes accomplishments are now widely acknowledged,and he is remembered as one of Chinas most influential explorers.【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词 3.Louis,meanwhile,also standing on the deck,was lucky not to be thrown intothe sea.【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】动词不定式作原因状语 郑和的成就现在受到广泛认可,他也作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记。与此同时,路易
16、斯也站在甲板上,庆幸没有被扔进海里。4.Louis and Russell would never forget the terrible scene of the attack,but they were fortunate enough to be among the few survivors from the Arizona.【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】be+adj.+enough to do sth 足够能做某事 路易斯和拉塞尔永远不会忘记那次袭击的可怕场景,但他们足够幸运,成为“亚利桑那号”少数幸存者之一。单元词句小测.单词小测 1.She tried to me that I was
17、 mistaken.What she said was so that I was completely .(convince)2.It is said that he is one of the most artists at the time and his paintings have a great on modern art.(influence)3.It me when I saw Peter.He was also to see me.We havent seen each other for ten years.We greeted each other in great .(
18、astonish)convinceconvincingconvincedinfluentialinfluenceastonishedastonishedastonishment 4.This is an case;I have never seen anything like this.We dont usually give credit,but as you are a regular customer,we will make an this time.(except)5.Mr White is the son of Mrs Green,who him when his parents
19、died 20 years ago.Thanks to her ,Mr White could receive a good education and become an engineer.(adopt)exceptionalexceptionadoptedadoptedadoption.短语小测 1._(代表)our school,we organized a trip to a deserted island last month.2._(总共)twenty students took part in the activity.On arrival at the island,we re
20、alized the condition of the island was 3._(与相反)our expectation.There was 4._(缺乏)fresh water.My brother once suggested me taking much drinking water,and much to my regret,I 5._ his idea _(把某事当成不予考虑)unnecessary.6._(考虑到)the unexpected difficulty,I had to leave the students to 7._(整理;解决)their own proble
21、ms,which will be of great benefit to their growth.On behalf of A total of contrary to a shortage of dismissedas Allowing for sort out.句型小测高考情境仿写 1.大火持续了将近两天,没剩下什么值钱的东西。(动词-ing形式短语作结果状语)The fire lasted nearly two days,.2.随着时间的推移,京剧成为中国最受欢迎的剧种之一。(one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词)As time goes by,Beijing Opera ha
22、s become .leaving nothing valuableone of the most popular dramas in China3.听到这个好消息,他们高兴得跳了起来。(动词不定式作原因状语)They jumped with joy .4.他已经不小了,能照顾自己了。(be+adj.+enough to do sth)Hes old .to hear the good news enough to take care of himself提能力 增分课堂 核心词汇突破 1.convince vt.使确信,使相信;说服,劝说【练会】单句填空 Scientists are con
23、vinced the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health.Well not give up until we find (convince)evidence.(convince)that he had done nothing wrong,he refused to apologize.ofconvincingConvinced【写美】句式升级/词汇升级背诵 Im a Chinese college student.I major in Art and Im studying in London now.I bel
24、ieve that I can be a devoted volunteer.(合并升级为分词作定语和so引导的并列句;升级加黑词汇)Im a Chinese college student .【归纳】(1)convince sb that/of使某人相信 convince sb to do sth劝服某人做某事(2)convinced adj.确信的;信服的 be convinced of/that确信,相信(3)convincing adj.令人信服的,有说服力的 majoring in Art and studying in London now,so I am convinced th
25、at I can be a devoted volunteer/of being a devoted volunteer【点津】convince是及物动词,其宾语多为人,而“信服”的内容则可由介词of引出或由that从句充当。2.load vt.&vi.装上,装入 n.负载;承载量;大量【练会】单句填空 Uncle Jim brought (load)of presents for the kids.Knowing that he had arrived home safely took a load my mind.A photographer from the newspaper was
26、loading his camera a new film.loadsoffwith【写美】句式升级背诵 The truck was loaded with a lot of fruit and vegetables,so it moved a bit slowly.a lot of fruit and vegetables,the truck moved a bit slowly.(分词作状语)【归纳】(1)loads of=a load of 许多;大量(修饰可数或不可数名词)take a load off ones mind打消某人的顾虑;让某人放心(2)load.with.将装入【佳句
27、】(2020天津卷)The library is now a multimedia zone,loaded withinformation in many formats.图书馆现在是一个多媒体区,有许多载体形式的信息。Loaded with3.strengthen vt.&vi.加强,增强【练会】单句填空 What he said gave me the (strong)to overcome the difficulty.One idea is that sleep helps us (strong)new memories.Stay indoors in the middle of th
28、e day,when the sun is the (strong).strength(to)strengthen strongest【写美】一句多译背诵 任何经历都能让你学到东西并使你变得坚强,特别是那些更困难的经历。Any experience can teach you and ,particularly the more difficult ones.(strong)Any experience can teach and ,particularly the more difficult ones.(strengthen)make you strongstrengthen you【归纳
29、】(1)strength n.力量;力气;体力 with all ones strength用尽某人全身的力气 build up ones strength/body强身健体 strengths and weaknesses优点和缺点 The strength of.is that.的优点是(2)strong adj.强壮的;坚强的【点津】表示“优点和缺点”时,strength,weakness常用复数形式。4.harmonious adj.友好和睦的;协调的,和谐的【练会】单句填空 Its typical of people to work in harmony nature.The cot
30、tages are cleverly designed with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other.Their (harmony)relationship resulted from their similar goals.【写美】完成句子背诵 只有当我们意识到互助的重要性时,我们才能致力于建设和谐社会。(写作话题之人与社会)Only when we realise the importance of helping each other can we be devoted to .withharmonious buildin
31、g a harmonious society【归纳】(1)harmony n.和睦;和谐;协调;一致 in harmony with与协调一致/和睦 be out of harmony with与不协调一致 live in harmony和谐相处(2)harmonize v.(使)协调;(使)一致【佳句】Let us work together to create a harmonious campus!让我们共同努力,创建和谐校园!5.dismiss vt.不予考虑,对不屑一提;去除,摒除;解雇;解散【练会】写出下列句中黑体词的含义 He tried to dismiss her from
32、his thoughts.Lets not just dismiss the idea before weve even thought about it.They have the power to dismiss civil servants who refuse to work.【写美】完成句子背诵 马克先生因不称职而被解雇了。(写作话题之职业)Mr Mark his job for incompetence.去除,摒除不予考虑解雇was dismissed from【归纳】(1)dismiss sb/sth(as sth)不予考虑;摒弃(2)dismiss sb/sth(from st
33、h)(从中)除去/消除(3)dismiss sb for.因解雇某人(4)dismiss sb from.解雇;开除【佳句】Some parents would dismiss their childrens dreams as worthlessand force them to give up their dreams.没有价值的 有些父母会认为自己孩子的梦想是没有价值的,并且强迫他们的孩子放弃这些梦想。6.acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位);承认(属实);(公开)感谢【练会】单句填空(2019全国卷)Her years of hard work have finally_
34、(acknowledge)after a customer nominated her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.As we all know,Beethoven is acknowledged one of the greatest musicians.The thief acknowledged (steal)the car with no one noticing.There was no (acknowledge)of the extent of the problem.been acknowledgedas/to bestealing/hav
35、ing stolenacknowledgement【写美】句式升级背诵 He is universally acknowledged to be the best captain in the world.he is the best captain in the world.(it作形式主语)【归纳】(1)It is acknowledged that.是大家公认的。acknowledge sb/sth as/to be承认某人/某事是 acknowledge that.承认 acknowledge doing/having done sth承认做了某事(2)acknowledgment n
36、.承认;答谢 Its universally acknowledged that【点津】(1)acknowledge表示承认做了某事,其后可接动词-ing形式,也可接that从句,但通常不接动词不定式。(2)acknowledge后虽不能接动词不定式作宾语,但可接动词不定式作宾语补足语。7.insist vi.&vt.坚决要求,坚持;坚持说【练会】单句填空 Her mother finally allowed her to go,insisting on her (keep)close to the house and not riding too far.The old man insist
37、ed that he (be)ill and (send)to the hospital.【写美】完成句子背诵 你应该尊重别人的观点,同时坚持你认为正确的事情。(应用文之建议信)You should respect the views of others,and at the same time what you think is right.keepingwas (should)be sent【归纳】insist on坚持;坚决要求 insist on(doing)sth坚持(做)某事 insist on sb/ones doing sth坚持某人做某事 insist that sb(sho
38、uld)do sth坚持某人做某事【点津】insist后接的从句表示一种观点或事实时不用虚拟语气。8.shortage n.不足,短缺【练会】单句填空(2019浙江卷)The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water (short).Im afraid Im a little short money this month.【写美】短语升级背诵 The wounded are suffering because they are short of doctors and
39、nurses.(升级加黑短语)The wounded are suffering because of doctors and nurses.shortageofa shortage of【归纳】(1)water/food/housing shortages用水/食物/住房短缺 a shortage of不足,缺乏(2)short adj.短的;缺乏的 be short of(=lack)缺乏,缺少(强调状态)be short for是的缩写/简称 in short简言之,总而言之 9.panic n.惊恐,恐慌 vi.&vt.(panicked,panicked)(使)惊慌,(使)惊慌失措【
40、练会】单句填空 The thieves fled panic as soon as they saw the policemen.To tell you the truth,I was panicked into (run)out of the supermarket that night.The whole class (panic)when the teacher said that there would be a quiz today.【写美】完成句子背诵 我迷路了。我没有惊慌失措,而是待在原地等待救援。I lost my way.Instead of ,I stayed where
41、I was,waiting for rescue.inrunning panicked getting into a panic【归纳】in panic惊慌地 get into a panic陷入恐慌 panic sb into doing sth使某人惊慌地做某事【点津】panic的过去式和过去分词是panicked,现在分词是panicking。类似的词还有picnic(野餐),过去式和过去分词是picnicked,现在分词是picnicking。10.astonish vt.使十分惊讶,使吃惊【练会】单句填空 After being offered the position,I was
42、completely (astonish).We were astonished (find)the tomb still in its original format.It was an (astonish)performance for such a young musician.astonished to findastonishing【写美】句式升级背诵 To my astonishment,she didnt care about my feelings.She didnt care about my feelings,.(定语从句)she didnt care about my f
43、eelings.(it作形式主语)she didnt care about my feelings.(what引导主语从句)which astonished meIt was astonishing thatWhat astonished me was that【归纳】(1)astonished adj.感到吃惊的 be astonished to do sth因做某事而感到惊讶 be astonished at/by.对感到吃惊(2)astonishment n.震惊 to ones astonishment令某人惊讶的是(3)astonishing adj.令人惊讶的【点津】与astoni
44、sh词性变化形式相似的动词有:interest,surprise,excite,bore,amaze,annoy,please,tire,worry,satisfy,amuse等。11.adopt vt.采用,采取;表决采纳;领养,收养 vi.领养,收养【练会】单句填空 After (adopt)my teachers advice,I have made rapid progress in my pronunciation.The (adopt)of the new technology improved the production.【写美】完成句子背诵 我希望你能采纳我的建议,祝你玩得愉
45、快。(应用文之建议信)I hope you would and have a good time.adoptingadoptionadopt my suggestions/advice【归纳】(1)adopt ones suggestions/advice采纳某人的建议 adopt sb as.收养某人为(2)adopted adj.领养的(3)adoption n.收养;采用【点津】adopt与adapt 是容易混淆的形似词,adapt意为“适应;改编”。parison n.对比;比较【练会】单句填空 My nephew is rather dull in (compare)with oth
46、ers.We can only tell good from bad comparison.【写美】句式升级背诵 We are living a happy life,in comparison with the people living in the 1960s.the people living in the 1960s,we are living a happy life.(过去分词短语作状语)comparisonbyCompared with/to【归纳】(1)in comparison with和相比 by comparison通过对比(2)compare v.比较,与类似 com
47、pare A with B把A和B进行比较 compare A to B把A比作B compared with/to与相比 13.drag vt.拖,拉;缓慢而费力地移动【练会】单句填空 Mr Brown grabbed Marys arm and dragged her the room.Pick the chair up instead of (drag)it behind you!She had to drag her child from the toy shop.【写美】完成句子背诵 你曾尝试过把孩子从电视机前拖走吗?Have you ever tried a TV set?【归纳】
48、drag.into把拉进 drag sth/sb away from.把某人/物从拉走 into draggingawaydragging your child away from【佳句】The old man was tired and thirsty and he dragged himself along the road.又累又渴 那位老人又累又渴,拖着沉重的脚步在路上走着。14.on behalf of 代表(或代替);为帮助;为了【练会】单句填空 He spoke behalf of all the members of the faculty and staff.Many Chi
49、nese people believe that red stands good luck.【写美】一句多译背诵 我很高兴能代表我的同学们在这里讲话。I am very happy to speak here my classmates.(behalf)I am very happy to speak here my classmates.(stand)I am very happy to speak here my classmates.(name)onforon behalf ofstanding forin the name of【归纳】on behalf of sb=on ones b
50、ehalf代表某人;因为某人,为了某人 stand for代表;(某个字母)是的缩写;支持;容忍 in the name of代表;以的名义【佳句】On behalf of the students union,Id like to put forward a proposal to save water on our campus.节水倡议 我谨代表学生会,提出校园节水的倡议。15.regardless of不管,不顾【练会】单句填空 Our club is open to everyone regardless age,sex or educational background.regar
51、d to future oil supplies,the situation is uncertain.This is a famous saying from a writer regarded one of the fathers of environmentalism.ofWith/Inas【写美】完成句子背诵 此外,互联网使得调查和投票变得简单方便,不用考虑时间、空间。(写作话题之科学与技术)In addition,the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient,.【归纳】(1)in regard to=with
52、regard to关于;至于(2)regard.as.把看作 regardless of time and space【辨析】regardless of 其后可接单词或短语,也可接whether,what引导的从句 despite/in spite of 其后一般不接从句,后加the fact that,相当于although+从句 补遗缺 微点练全 一词多义 1.log A.n.航海日志 B.n.原木 C.vi.&vt.伐木 They logged a large part of the trees.We transport logs by trains.The captain descri
53、bed the accident in the ships log.CBA2.pack A.vi.塞进,挤进 B.vt.装(箱),收拾;打包 C.n.包,包裹 D.n.小盒,小包 The young man smoked a pack of cigarettes a day.All six of us packed into the tiny car.He tried to throw his pack from his shoulders.All these books need to be packed into boxes.DACB3.uniform A.n.制服;队服 B.adj.一致
54、的,统一的 The windows in the house are all uniform.Soldiers,policemen,and nurses wear uniforms.The coach checked in the football uniforms at the end of the school year.BAA重点句型透视 动词-ing形式短语作结果状语【教材原句】Zheng Hes efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions,exp
55、osing foreign people to Chineseculture,and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.(P30)郑和的努力有助于发展和加强与这些国家和地区的和谐关系,让外国人了解中国文化,并让中国人更好地了解海外国家。【练会】单句填空 There is mud and water everywhere,(make)it difficult to travel from place to place.They reached the company out of breath,only (tell)
56、they were fired.making to be told【写美】句式升级背诵 First of all,I speak English fluently.It allows me to communicate with visitors without delay.First of all,I speak English fluently,.(定语从句)First of all,I speak English fluently,.(分词作状语)which allows me to communicate with visitors without delayallowing me t
57、o communicate with visitors without delay【归纳】(1)动词-ing形式短语作结果状语,通常表示一种自然的结果,即预料之中的事。(2)动词不定式作结果状语,主要表示没有预料到的情况或结果,即预料之外的事。【佳句】Mary failed all her exams,making her parents very angry.玛丽一门考试都没通过,这使她父母非常生气。研真题 链接高考(全国卷,阅读理解C)语言学习 Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent
58、 times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago,when the world had just five to ten million
59、people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of unive
60、rsal compulsory education,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of
61、these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200
62、,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly spea
63、kers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150),Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.理清脉络 真题再做 28.What can we infer about languages in hunter
64、-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely connected.答案 B 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When the world was still populated byhunter-gatherers.they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.”可知,在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代,人们使用的语言种类很多。29.Which of the
65、following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph 2?A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.答案 C 解析 词义猜测题。根据上文提到的“.all have caused many languages todisappear”和下文的“such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasinglytaking over”可知,英语、西班牙语和汉语正在逐渐取代一些语言。由此可猜测该词的意思是“占优势的”,所以选C项。30.How many langu
66、ages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800.B.About 3,400.C.About 2,400.D.About 1,200.答案 B 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“At present,the world has about6,800 languages”和最后一句中的“is a mere 6,000,which means that half theworlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that”可知,B项正确。31.What is
67、 the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.答案 C 解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代,语种众多。但是随着工业化、贸易、全球化等的发展,许多语种消失了。由此可知,人类的发展导致了语种的减少,所以选C项。语言能力 1.掌握构词知
68、识 词根 派生 词性及词义 例句 distribution The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.survival Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150),Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark):none of these seems to hav
69、e much chance of survival.distribute n.分布surviven.幸存2.猜测生僻词词义 Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction,with only a few elderly speakers left.消亡3.牢记熟词生义 单词/短语 含义 例句 settled Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their lang
70、uages too became more settled and fewer in number.take over In recent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to di
71、sappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.稳定的占上风4.仿写经典句型 Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction,with only a few elderly speakers left.仿写:所有的工作都做完了,我们去了附近的社区,把它们送给了住在那里的人。,we went to the nearby neighbourhood
72、and gave them to the people living there.With all the work done5.破解复杂句式 The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.分析:本句是含有一个表语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是The generalrule,is是系动词。其中that引导 从句;在表语从句中,while
73、用作并列连词,表示 。译文:表语前后对比一般的规律是,温带的语言种类相对较少,且通常有许多人使用,而炎热、潮湿的区域则有很多种语言,通常有少量的人使用。技法点拨 锁定关键词句,破解主旨大意 测效果 课堂评价.熟词生义练 1.available(教材P34)项目 意义 例句 熟义 adj.All available means have been employed.生义 adj.I have very few days available at the moment.可获得的,可找到的有空的2.freeze(教材P39)项目 意义 例句 熟义 vi.Salt water freezes at a
74、 lower temperature than fresh water.生义 vi.The child froze at the sight of the snake.结冰突然停止,呆住3.plot(教材P40)项目 意义 例句 熟义 n.This is a novel with a complicated plot.生义 n.A specific plot to kill him was uncovered in the past couple of weeks.vt.They were plotting how to obtain the necessary information.故事情
75、节阴谋密谋4.shift(教材P41)项目 意义 例句 熟义 vt.Someone has shifted my bicycle and I cant find it.生义 n.A sudden shift in the wind warned of the coming storm.n.He works the night shift today.(使)移动,(使)转移改变,转移轮班.单句语法填空 A组 基础必练 1.The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardenin
76、g,(make)it one of the most popular events in gardening.2.The second half of the game was dull by (compare)with the first.3.Just dismiss those thoughts your mindtheyre crazy and not worth thinking about.4.Hearing a man following her,she (panic)and ran as fast as she could.5.He was barely able (drag)h
77、is poisoned leg behind him.makingcomparisonfrompanickedto dragB组 高考链接 6.(2020全国卷)We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an (exception)museum in Shanghai.7.(2020全国卷)Recognize all of your (strength).Write them down in a journal.8.(2020全国卷)But the sports strange form does place
78、 considerable stress on the ankles and hips,so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in (adopt)the sport.9.(2020全国卷)He says its not easy (convince)people that nutria fur is green,but he has no doubt about it.exceptional strengths adoptingto convince.短语填空 1.He accepted the
79、invitation the whole class.2.The company will extra expenditure next year.3.Only then could I hope to a true love of learning to my students.4.Sometimes it takes more than one session for the person to .5.all your bills,receipts and expenses as quickly as possible and keep detailed accounts.a shorta
80、ge of,on behalf of,contrary to,regardless of,allow for,a total of,pass on,cottage industry,open up,sort out on behalf of allow forpass on open upSort out6.Many companies are suffering from skilled staff.7.She is beginning a with her handmade necklaces.8.Hong Kong Disneyland opened on Monday with_ 15
81、,000 visitors.9.It assists people based on need,which country they are from.10.what many people might assume,sharks seldom attack humans.a shortage of cottage industrya total of regardless of Contrary to.微语法填空 用适当的引导词填空。Science is simply 1._ you can do.And doing science makes you a scientist!So,what
82、 do scientists do?Actually,what matters is not only 2._ they observe in the world around them and what questions they ask,but also 3._they use evidence of data to answer the questions.They identify useful data and take new measurements.Some of the key issues that scientists face are 4._ calculations
83、 they do and 5._they analyse their data to draw conclusions about the questions they ask.whatwhat howwhat howThe final issue,which many believe to be the most important,is 6._ they need to communicate their results.This is 7._they want everyone to benefit from their work!It seems 8._ science is all
84、around us.You see,by doing science,scientists get better understanding of the world around them and share that understanding with the whole world.whybecausethat/as if.话题微写作【写作素材】1.丝绸在中国有着悠久的历史,是最有影响力的探索之一。(one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词;influential)2.丝绸足够优雅环保,吸引着全世界的人们。(be+adj.+enough to do sth)3.中国开辟了丝绸之路,
85、促进了中国与世界各国的交流。(动词-ing形式短语作结果状语)4.与此同时,“一带一路”倡议鼓励我们同世界各国开展合作。(meanwhile)5.毫无疑问,它将有助于世界经济文化发展。(economic and cultural development)【连句成篇】将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。答案 Silk has a long history in China,which is one of the most influential explorations.Silk is elegant and environmental enough to attract pe
86、ople throughout the world.China opened up the Silk Road,promoting the communication between China and other countries.Meanwhile,the Belt and Road Initiative encourages cooperation between our China and other countries.Undoubtedly,it will contribute to the economic and cultural development of the world.
