1、单元素能自测.完形填空Survival in the AndesOn October 13, 1972, a small plane crashed into a mountain in the Andes. How some of the passengers _1_ to live is one of the greatest survival stories ever told.The survivors _2_ inside the remains (残骸) of the plane, and waited for a _3_ that never came. It was urgen
2、t to find a way to _4_. Three of the passengersCanessa, Parrado, and Vizintinvolunteered to _5_ through the mountains to search for help. The three men _6_ that they would survive and bring back help.For part of the first day, they were glad to make some _7_. But as the land and weather changed, cli
3、mbing became _8_. After several days, they reached what they thought was the top. They had _9_ this moment for days. On the other side of the top, they hoped, would be a _10_ leading down and out of the mountains. However, they saw the same snowcovered tops. All hope wasnt lost. Parrado _11_ two low
4、 tops far away that didnt have snow. _12_ they could get there, they would be out of the Andes.Within the following days they walked toward the two low tops. “This is the valley，” Canessa said. “This is the way _13_.” By December 21, the extremely _14_ men made it to the town of Los Maitenes, and a
5、rescue team was sent to _15_ for the survivors.Finally all of the remaining survivors were saved. 这是一篇记叙文。叙述了1972年10月13日，一架飞机在安第斯山脉坠机，飞机上一些乘客幸存下来，其中三名乘客自愿走出安第斯山脉寻求外界救援，并最终成功帮助其他人获救的故事。1A.learnedBmanagedCdecidedDexpected答案：B解析：考查动词辨析。句意：一些乘客是如何成功活了下来，这是有史以来最伟大的幸存故事之一。A.learned学习；B.managed设法；C.decided
6、决定；D.expected期望。根据标题“Survival in the Andes”可知，此处是一些乘客如何成功活下来。manage to do sth.“设法做某事”。故选B。2A.stayed BlookedCturned Dreached答案：A解析：考查动词辨析。句意：生还者留在飞机残骸里，等待救援，但始终没有成功。A.stayed待；B.looked看；C.turned转向；D.reached到达。飞机失事，幸存者只有待在飞机残骸里，才能保证自己幸存下来，符合常识。故选A。3A.present BdangerCmessage Drescue答案：D解析：考查名词辨析。句意：生还者留
7、在飞机残骸里，等待救援，但始终没有成功。A.present礼物；B.danger危险；C.message信息；D.rescue营救。由下文可知，三名幸存者自愿走出安第斯山去寻求救援，所以判断出，这些幸存者，等待了一段时间，但是救援没有来。故选D。4A.prepare BcontinueCescape Ddevelop答案：C解析：考查动词辨析。句意：最紧急的是要逃出去。A.prepare准备；B.continue继续；C.escape逃脱；D.develop发展。飞机失事，幸存者被困在安第斯山，所以当务之急就是要找到出去的路。故选C。5A.journey BcompareCmeasure De
8、xpand答案：A解析：考查动词辨析。句意：其中的三名乘客Canessa、Parrado和Vizintin自愿穿越山脉寻求帮助。A.journey旅行；B.compare对比；C.measure测量；D.expand膨胀。这里的journey指的是三名志愿者长途旅行去寻找救援。故选A。6A.admitted BpromisedCinformed Dreminded答案：B解析：考查动词辨析。句意：这三个人保证他们会活下去，并找人来救援。A.admitted承认；B.promised承诺；C.informed告知； Dreminded提醒。promise承诺，即表明三位志愿者对于完成任务的信心，
9、也表示给予其他幸存者以希望。故选B。7A.policy BhelpCprogress Dadvice答案：C解析：考查名词辨析。句意：第一天的时间里，他们很高兴取得了一些进展。A.policy政策；B.help帮助；C.progress进步；D.advice建议。由“glad”可知，他们取得了一些进展。make progress取得进步，符合句意。故选C。8A.narrower BheavierCsharper Dtougher答案：D解析：考查形容词比较级辨析。句意：但随着陆地和天气的变化，攀登变得更加艰难。A.narrower狭窄的；B.heavier重的；C.sharper尖锐的；D.t
10、ougher强壮的；艰难的。由but可知，陆地和天气的变化导致了攀登变得不顺利，变得更加艰难了。故选D。9A.imagined BarrangedCwitnessed Dappreciated答案：A解析：考查动词辨析。句意：他们几天来一直在想象这一刻。A.imagined想象；B.arranged安排；C.witnessed见证；D.appreciated感激。由上文“After several days, they reached what they thought was the top.” 可知，几天后，他们到达了他们认为是顶峰的地方。所以这是他们一直在想象的时刻。故选A。10A.co
11、urt BvalleyCborder Dchannel答案：B解析：考查名词辨析。句意：在山顶的另一边，他们希望有一个向下延伸且通往山外的山谷。A.court法庭；B.valley山谷；C.border边界；D.channel通道。山与山之间的区域是峡谷，也可能是通往外界的路。所以他们很希望能看到这样的山谷。故选B。11A.spotted BcountedCrejected Dmentioned答案：A解析：考查动词辨析。句意：尽管他们还在山的中央，但Parrado发现了远处两个没有雪的低山顶。A.spotted发现；B.counted数；C.rejected拒绝；D.mentioned提及。
12、spot发现，有惊讶和出人意料之意。他们走了很多天，发现了低山顶，看到了希望。故选A。12A.Because BHowCWhere DIf 答案：D解析：考查连词辨析。句意：如果他们能到达那里，他们就会走出安第斯山脉。A.Because因为；B.How如何；C.Where 在的地方；D.If如果。根据前文可知并非所有的希望都破灭了。本句解释为什么有希望：如果他们能到达那里，他们就会走出安第斯山脉。故选D。13A.behind BoutCapart Doff答案：B解析：考查副词辨析。句意：这就是出去的路。A.behind在后面；B.out在外面；C.apart分离；D.off走开。由前文“_1
13、2_ they could get there, they would be out of the Andes.”可知，如果他们到达那里，他们就有可能走出安第斯山，所以走出用out。故选B。14A.tired BdisappointedCfrightened Dpuzzled答案：A解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：到12月21日，那些极度疲惫的人来到了洛斯梅滕镇，一支救援队被马上派出去搜寻那些幸存者。A.tired疲惫的；B.disappointed失望的；C.frightened害怕的；D.puzzled困惑的。由12月21日可知，三个志愿者走了好多天，所以他们一定很疲惫。故选A。15A.fig
14、ht BcallCsearch Dask答案：C解析：考查动词辨析。句意：到12月21日，那些极度疲惫的人来到了洛斯梅滕镇，一支救援队被马上派出去搜寻那些幸存者。A.fight打仗；B.call打电话；C.search搜查；D.ask问。search for搜寻。因为不知道其他幸存者具体在什么位置，所以要去搜寻他们的位置。故选C。.阅读理解“If I only had a little humility, Id be perfect，” the media giant Ted Turner supposedly said sometime in the 1990s. Why be modest
15、? Aristotle said: “All men by nature desire to know.” Intellectual humility is a particular instance of humility, since you can be downtoearth about most things but still ignore your mental limitations.Intellectual humility means recognising that we dont know everything. Actually, it means we should
16、 acknowledge that were probably biased in our belief about just how much we understand and seek out the sources of wisdom that we lack.The Internet and digital media have created the impression of limitless knowledge at our fingertips. But, by making us lazy, they have opened up a space that ignoran
17、ce can fill. The psychologist Tania Lombrozo of the University of California explained how technology enhances our illusions (错觉) of wisdom. She argues that the way we access information is critical to our understandingand the more easily we can recall an image, a word or statement, the more likely
18、well think weve successfully learned it, and so withdraw from effortful cognitive processing. Logical puzzles presented in an unfriendly font (字体), for example, can encourage someone to make extra effort to solve them. Yet this approach runs counter to the nice designs of the apps and sites that pop
19、ulate our screens, where our brain processes information in a “smooth” way. What about all the information that presents online? Well, your capacity to learn from it depends on your attitudes. Intellectually humble people dont hide or ignore their weaknesses. In fact, they see them as sources of per
20、sonal development, and use arguments as an opportunity to refine their views. People who are humble by nature tend to be more openminded and quicker to resolve disputes, since they recognise that their own opinions might not be valid.At the other end of the scale lies intellectual arrogance. Such ar
21、rogance almost always originates from the egocentric biasthe tendency to overestimate their own virtue or importance, ignoring the role of chance or the influence of other peoples actions on their lives. This is what makes these people credit success to themselves and failure to circumstance. From a
22、n evolutionary perspective, intellectual arrogance can also be seen as a way of achieving dominance through forcing ones view on others. Intellectually arrogant people hardly invest mental resources in discussion or working towards group consensus, thus making it hard for groups to work successfully
23、.The Thrive Center for Human Development in California, which seeks to help young people turn into successful adults, is funding a series of major studies about intellectual humility. Their hypothesis is that humility, curiosity and openness are key to a fulfilling life. “Without humility, you are u
24、nable to learn，” Laszlo Bock, Googles Head of People Operations, notes. 这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了理智谦逊的重要性。理智谦逊的人不会隐藏或忽视自己的弱点，他们把这视为个人发展的源泉，并把争论当作完善自己观点的机会。1The passage is mainly about _.Athe harm arrogance does to us Bthe key elements to a fulfilling lifeCthe significance of intellectual humility Dthe way peo
25、ple access information online答案：C解析：主旨大意题。分析文章可知，文章主要讲述了理智谦逊的重要性。理智谦逊的人不会隐藏或忽视自己的弱点，他们把这视为个人发展的源泉，并把争论当作完善自己观点的机会。结合选项，故选C。2Technology enhances our illusions of wisdom because it _.Aenables people to think criticallyBoffers too much unreliable informationCallows easy access to abundant informationDm
26、akes it hard for people to recall information答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“The Internet and digital media have created the impression of limitless knowledge at our fingertips.”以及“the way we access information is critical to our understandingand the more easily we can recall an image, a word or statement, th
27、e more likely well think weve successfully learned it, and so withdraw from effortful cognitive processing.”可知，技术使我们对自己的智慧产生了错觉，因为它使我们能够容易地获得丰富的信息。结合选项，故选C。3According to Para. 3, intellectually humble people _.Avalue others opinions more than their own Buse online information to better themselvesCar
28、e unwilling to show their strengths Dprefer to solve difficult problems答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Intellectually humble people dont hide or ignore their weaknesses. In fact, they see them as sources of personal development, and use arguments as an opportunity to refine their views. ”可知，他们把网上的信息视为个人发展的源泉，
29、是完善自我的机会。结合选项，故选B。4The author will probably agree that _.Aintellectual arrogance is the result of evolutionBintellectually arrogant people often lack team spiritCsuccessful people are often unaware of their limitationsDcircumstances dont favor intellectually arrogant people答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中 “I
30、ntellectually arrogant people hardly invest mental resources in discussion or working towards group consensus, thus making it hard for groups to work successfully.”可知，自大的智者缺乏合作精神。结合选项，故选B。.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 Once there was an emperor (皇帝)in the Far East who was gr
31、owing old and knew it was coming time to choose his successor (继承者). Instead of choosing one of his own children, he decided to do something different.He called all the young people together one day. He said, “Its time for me to step down and to choose the next emperor. Ive decided to choose one of
32、you.” The kids were shocked! But the emperor continued, “Im going to give each of you a special seed (种子). I want you to go home, plant the seed, water and come back here one year from today with what youve grown from this one seed. I will then judge the plants you bring, and the one I choose will b
33、e the next emperor！”One boy named Ling was there that day and he, like the others, received a seed. Back home, he planted the seed in a pot and watered it carefully. Every day he would water it and watch to see if it had grown.After three weeks, some of the other youths began to talk about their see
34、ds and the plants that were beginning to grow. Ling kept checking his seed, but nothing ever grew. Three weeks, four weeks went by. Still nothing. He felt like a failure.Six months went by, everyone else had trees and tall plants, but he had nothing. Ling didnt say anything to his friends. However,
35、he just kept waiting for his seed to grow.A year finally went by and all the youths brought their plants to the emperor for inspection. Ling didnt want to go, but his mother encouraged him to go and to be honest about what happened. Ling knew his mother was right. He took his empty pot to the palace
36、.When Ling arrived, he was amazed at the variety of plants grown by all the other youths. He put his empty pot on the floor and many of the other kids laughed at him. A few felt sorry for him and just said, “Hey, nice try.”答案Paragraph 1：When the emperor arrived, he surveyed and greeted the young peo
37、ple.Ling just tried to hide in the back. “My god, what great plants, trees and flowers you have grown！” said the emperor.Suddenly, the emperor spotted Ling at the back of the room with his empty pot. He ordered his guards to bring him to the front. Ling was terrified. “The emperor knows Im a failure
38、! Maybe he will have me killed！”Paragraph 2：When Ling got to the front, the emperor asked his name.“My name is Ling，” he replied. All the kids were laughing at him. The emperor asked everyone to quiet down. He then announced to the crowd, “Behold your new emperor! His name is Ling！” Ling couldnt bel
39、ieve it. He couldnt even grow his seed! Then the emperor said, “One year ago today, I actually gave you all boiled seeds which wouldnt grow. All of you, except Ling, have brought me plants because you substituted another seed for the one I gave you. Ling was the only one with the courage and honesty to bring me a pot with my seed in it.”