1、UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS(主题语境:人与自然灾难防范)核心考点课堂突破1.damagevt.损害;破坏n.损害;损失教材原句 Which buildings were damaged in Seoul?(P48) 首尔哪些建筑被毁?语境巧练单句语法填空(1)He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should (damage).(2)Eating too much meat one time will do damage your stomach.(3)Many of the images were store
2、d in an ice chest,under freezing water,in the (damage) wooden ship.考点必记(1)be badly/seriously damaged严重受损be slightly damaged轻微受损damage ones health损害某人的健康(2)do/cause damage to.对造成损害/破坏brain/liver damage脑损伤/肝损伤serious/minor damage严重的/轻微的损伤2.affectvt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动教材原句 82 killed,500,000 affected (P49) 8
3、2人丧生,50万人受影响语境巧练写出下列句中affect的含义(1)The places where we live can affect our thoughts and behaviours.(2)Deeply affected by the film,the audience couldnt hold back tears.(3)A lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.小话题写作(4)交通问题不仅影响着我们的日常生活,而且也可能威胁到人们的生命。The traffic issue no
4、t only ,but may also threaten peoples lives.考点必记3.too.todosth太而不能做某事教材原句 Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat,and dogs refused to go inside buildings.(P50) 鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西,狗也不肯进入大楼里面去。语境巧练完成句子(1)路太窄了,大型卡车无法通过。The road wasfor large trucks to get through.(2)那个人太累了,走不动了。The man wasany farther.翻译
5、下列句子,注意too.to.结构的含义(3)He is too clever not to understand this.(4)One is never too old to learn.(5)We are too ready to help you.考点必记too.to do sth意为“太而不能做”,too后接形容词或副词,to是动词不定式符号,后接动词原形,动词不定式表示否定意义。名师点津在以下几种情况,too.to.结构可以表示肯定意义,而不是否定意义:(1)当不定式前有否定词修饰时; (2)当副词too的前面有否定词修饰时; (3)当副词too后面修饰的形容词是glad,ready
6、,pleased等表示“积极”意义的词汇时。4.asif似乎;好像;仿佛教材原句 It seemed asif the world were coming to an end!(P50) 仿佛世界末日即将来临!语境巧练用所给词的适当形式填空(1)Tom walked here and there as if (look) for something.(2)We felt as though we (be) away from home for many years.(3)Look at the dark clouds in the sky!It looks as if it is going
7、(rain).完成句子(4)这位女士爱这些孩子,好像她就是他们的妈妈一样。The woman loves the children their mother.(5)那女孩倾听着,像已经变成了石头似的。The girl listened as if/though sheinto a stone.考点必记(1)as if表示“仿佛,好像”,在句中引导表语从句,其意义和用法与as though相同。常跟在特定动词后面,如seem、look、taste、sound、feel等。(2)as if引导方式状语从句时,常置于行为动词之后。(3)as if/as though引导从句的语气:当从句所表达的情况
8、有明显的依据或实现的可能性比较大时,as if引导的从句要用陈述语气。当从句所表达的情况没有依据,只是表达一种假设、愿望、猜测或怀疑,是不真实的、极少有可能发生或存在的情况时,从句要用虚拟语气。下表为表示虚拟的情况。虚拟情况从句谓语表示与现在事实相反一般过去时(be动词一般用were)表示与过去事实相反过去完成时表示与将来事实相反would/could/might+动词原形名师点津如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同,且含有be动词,可省略从句主语和be动词,这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。5.ruinn.&vt.破坏;毁坏教材原句 In l
9、ess than one minute,a large city lay in ruins.(P50) 不到一分钟,一座大城市化为了废墟。语境巧练 完成句子(1)地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟,这让我们彻夜未眠。The whole cityafter the earthquake,which made us awake all night.(2)我们的假期被台风给毁了。Our vacationby the typhoon.(3)宫殿被彻底摧毁了,而不是轻微受损,无法修复,留下的只是废墟。The palace wascompletely rather than was slightly ,whic
10、h cant be repaired,leaving only .小话题写作(4)为了从网上购物中受益,而不是被它毁了,我建议每个网上购物者都学会自我控制,让每一分钟和每一分钱都有意义。In order to benefit from online shopping instead ofby it,I suggest that each online shopper learn self-control and make every minute and every penny count.考点必记(1)ruin oneself自我毁灭ruin ones hope/chance/fame/fu
11、ture毁坏某人的希望/机会/名誉/未来(2)in ruins严重受损;破败不堪be/lie in ruins成为废墟;毁灭fall into ruins成为废墟bring.to ruin使毁灭;使没落易混辨析ruin指毁坏某种好的或者有用的东西,意为“使毁灭;崩溃;弄糟”。用作名词时,意为“毁灭;废墟”,构成词组in ruins,意为“破败不堪”damage指一定程度的损坏或损失,部分是可以修复的,可用作动词或名词。作名词表示抽象的“损坏;损失”时为不可数名词,构成词组do/cause damage to sb/sthdestroy指彻底的、毁灭性的破坏,一般不可修复,常作“摧毁;毁灭”讲,
12、也可以指希望、计划等的破灭6.shockn.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克vt.(使)震惊教材原句 People were in shockand then,later that afternoon,another big quake shook Tangshan again.(P50) 人们惊呆了接着,在那天下午晚些时候,另一场大地震再次震撼了唐山。语境巧练单句语法填空(1)Everyone in the street was (shock) when they heard the news.(2)(shock) by the explosion,people ran about in the s
13、treet.(3)His not passing the final exam was great shock to his parents.(4)I was shocked (hear) that our factory would have to close.完成句子(5)他们在过去的几年里取得了惊人的成就,令许多人震惊。They have made amazing achievements in the past few years, many people.考点必记名师点津shock表示“吃惊;震惊;令人震惊的事情”时是可数名词,表示“(身心受到的)打击;震惊”和“休克”时是不可数名词
14、。7.trapvt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境;陷阱教材原句 Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(P50)地震发生后不久,部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山,将受困群众从废墟中救出,并掩埋死者。语境巧练完成句子(1)一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山里两天的游客。A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists whoin the
15、 mountains for two days.(2)如果你选择这条路,你很有可能会落入圈套。If you choose this way,youre likely to .句式升级(3)Though she was trapped in the ruins,the girl still wore a smile,waiting to be rescued. in the ruins,the girl still wore a smile,waiting to be rescued.考点必记(1)fall/walk into a trap落入圈套lay/set a trap for.为设下圈套
16、fall into the trap of doing sth落入做某事的陷阱(2)be trapped in.陷入trap sb into doing sth诱使某人做某事8.breathevi.&vt.呼吸教材原句 Slowly,the city began to breathe again.(P50) 慢慢地,这座城市又开始恢复了生机。语境巧练单句语法填空(1)The air in this city is so dirty that it is difficult (breath).(2)We were out breath when we got to the top of the
17、hill.(3)How long can a person hold his (breathe) under water depends on how healthy he is.(4)The boy took deep breath and dived into the water.考点必记breathn.呼吸;气息搭配takeadeepbreath深呼吸outofbreath喘不过气holdonesbreath屏住呼吸catchonesbreath喘气;歇口气派生breathev.搭配breathein吸气breatheout呼气breathedeeply深呼吸breathlessadj.
18、喘不过气来;目瞪口呆的9.effortn.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力教材原句 With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people,a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.(P50) 在政府的大力支持和全市人民的不懈努力下,一个崭新的唐山在地震废墟上崛起。语境巧练完成句子(1)父母为孩子安排好一切,不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。Parents arrange everything for their children and
19、 to pave the way for their success.(2)我厌恶那些不努力的人。I dislike people who dont .(3)公司为节省资金解雇了150名工人。The company has laid off 150 workersto save money.考点必记with great effort努力without effort毫不费力地in an effort to do sth为了做某事put effort into (doing) sth努力做某事spare no effort to do sth不遗余力地做某事it takes effort to d
20、o sth做某事需要努力make every effort to do sth尽全力做某事make an effort/efforts to do sth努力做某事佳句背诵If I am lucky enough to be elected,I will makeeveryeffort to serve for the benefit of students and our club.如果我有幸当选,我将尽最大努力为同学们和俱乐部的利益服务。10.suffervt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦教材原句Some were found alive,though they were
21、suffering from terrible injuries,but others had already stopped breathing when they were discovered.(P51) 有些人被发现时还活着,虽然他们受了重伤,但其他人被发现时已经停止了呼吸。语境巧练单句语法填空(1)Among obese children,about 30 percent also suffer high levels of blood sugar and fat.(2)The old man is said to have gone through varieties of (su
22、ffer) during the war.(3)Shortly after (suffer) from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins,the city took on a new look. 小话题写作(4)尽管遭受如此严重的自然灾害,但只要不灰心,我们终会克服困难。Although wesuch a severe natural disaster,we will eventually overcome the difficulty as long as we dont lose heart.考点必记11.supplyn.pl.
23、补给品;供应(量);补给vt.供应;供给教材原句 The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.(P52) 向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。语境巧练单句语法填空(1)They used the money (supply) the school with new textbooks.(2)Whenever she goes out with her baby,she always takes large supply of baby food wit
24、h her.(3)Food(supply) in the flood-stricken area are running out.一句多译政府在地震发生后已经向当地人民提供了大量的食物和衣服。(4)The government has plenty of food and clothes the local people since the earthquake occurred.(5)The government has the local people plenty of food and clothes since the earthquake occurred.考点必记(1)water
25、 supply供水be in short supply供不应求a supply/supplies of.的供应supply and demand供求关系demand exceeds supply供不应求supply exceeds demand供过于求(2)supply sb/sth with sth=supply sth to sb/sth给提供某物be well/poorly supplied with.供应充足/缺乏名师点津supply作名词,表示“补给品”时,要用复数形式,即supplies。12.survivevi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艰难度过教材原句Shes feeding th
26、e baby who survived the earthquake.(P52)她正在给地震中幸存的婴儿喂食。语境巧练完成句子(1)在那次地震中幸存下来后,我们相信其他一切都会好起来的。After,we were confident that everything else would be all right.(2)一些有趣的风俗已经从古代保留了下来。Some interesting customs ancient times.(3)战士和志愿者仍在寻找幸存者。Soldiers and volunteers are still .(4)事实上,她比她丈夫多活了5年。As a matter o
27、f fact,she five years.考点必记(1)survive sth幸免于;从中挺过来/活过来survive on依靠生存下来A survive B (by.)A比B活得长()(2)survival n.U幸存;C残存物survivor n.幸存者;生还者名师点津survive表示“幸存;幸免于”时为及物动词,其后直接接宾语,不用再加介词in或from。13.wasdoing.when.正要做某事,突然(就在这时)教材原句 I washaving breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
28、(P54) 我正和三个孩子吃早饭,这时水开始灌进了我家里。语境巧练完成句子(1)约翰正在房间里学习,突然听到了一声尖叫。Johnin his room when he heard a scream.(2)我正要放弃,这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。I wasgiving up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.(3)她刚刚做完作业,妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。Sheher homework when her mother asked her to practise playing the piano.小话题写作(4)我正在考虑是否要参加,英语老师就
29、来了,告诉我这是我展示才能的好机会。I whether to participate when my English teacher came by,telling me that it was a good chance to display my talent.考点必记用法归纳(1)be doing.when.表示“正在做这时”(2)be about to do.when.表示“正打算做这时”(3)be going to do. when.表示“正要做这时”(3)be on the point of doing.when.表示“正要做这时”(4)had just done.when.表示“
30、刚做完这时”注意事项when为并列连词,表示“这时;突然”,相当于and then/and at that time14.effectn.影响;结果;效果经典例句 The film had quite an effect on her.这部影片对她影响极大。语境巧练完成句子(1)雨林对世界环境有很大影响。Rainforeststhe world environment.(2)这些措施正在起效。These measures are just beginning to.(3)把这些变化落到实处不是一件容易的事情。It wont be easy to put the changes .(4)我们到了
31、这样一个阶段:必须采取有效措施来保护环境。We have reached a stage where measures must be taken to protect the environment.考点必记(1)have an/some/little/no effect on对有/有一些/几乎没有/没有影响in effect事实上;实际上;有效的come into effect/take effect(法律、规划或制度)生效;实施of no effect 没有效果的;没有影响的side effect副作用put/bring sth into effect实施;实行;使生效cause and
32、 effect因果(2)effective adj.有效的effectively adv.有效地;实际上effectiveness n.有效性佳句背诵I feel much affection for my mum,whose words and actions haveapositiveeffecton me.我深爱我的妈妈,她的言行对我有积极的影响。随堂巩固迁移运用.单句语法填空1. the aid of our English teacher,we have made great progress this term.2.As is known to all,a strong and (
33、power) China will certainly benefit the whole world.3.Heavy floods (strike) the South last week,causing great damage to the local people.4.Several days later most of the buildings which had been (damage) were repaired.5.It is a pity that the 500-year-old wooden tower (destroy) in the fire last year.
34、6.Their inventions have contributed to the development of (electricity) engineering.7.In his life he set an example of bravery and (wise) to others.8.Six months after (suffer) our defeat on the spring practice field,we won our first game.9.The government has declared a state of (emergent) following
35、the earthquake.10.She heard the wind (whistle) through the trees and the howl of a distant wolf.选词填空ruin,damage,suffer,trap,deliverWhen they returned to Rockaway the next day,they found their neighbourhood in 1.Many of Natalies friends had lost their homes and were living far away.All around her,peo
36、ple were 2.,especially the elderly.Natalies school was so 3. that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.In the following few days,the men and the women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys.Neighbours devoted their spare tim
37、e to helping others rebuild.Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to 4. water and food to elderly people 5.in powerless high-rise buildings.根据汉语提示补全短文内容In the past 100 years,1. (频繁发生自然灾害),such as floods,droughts,earthquakes and windstorms.The disasters have killed millions upon millions of p
38、eople,2. (摧毁了无数的家园).Now more and more people become aware that 3.(人类的活动对环境有很大的影响).We have cut down too many trees in the forest and we have badly polluted the environment.As a result,climate has become abnormal and 4. (人们深受其害).The earth is our only home.It is urgent for us to stop damaging it,and we
39、 must take measures 5. (以使它成为一个适合居住的地方).请完成【高考题型组合规范练】UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS核心考点课堂突破1.(1)be damaged(2)to(3)damaged2.(1)影响(2)(感情上)深深打动(3)(疾病)侵袭,使感染(4)affects our everyday life3.(1)too narrow(2)too tired to go(3)他太聪明,不会不明白这一点。(4)活到老,学到老。(5)我们很乐意帮助你。4.(1)looking(2)had been(3)to rain(4)as if/though she w
40、ere(5)had been turned 5.(1)lay in ruins(2)was ruined(3)destroyed;damaged;ruins(4)being ruined6.(1)shocked(2)Shocked(3)a(4)to hear(5)shocking 7.(1)had been trapped(2)fall/walk into a trap(3)Trapped 8.(1)to breathe(2)of(3)breath(4)a 9. (1)spare no effort(2)make an effort(3)in an effort10.(1)from(2)suf
41、ferings(3)suffering(4)are suffering 11.(1)to supply(2)a(3)supplies(4)supplied;to(5)supplied;with12.(1)surviving the earthquake(2)have survived from(3)searching for survivors(4)survived her husband by 13. (1)was studying(2)on the point of(3)had just finished(4)was considering14.(1)have a great effect
42、 on(2)take effect(3)into effect(4)effective 随堂巩固迁移运用.1.With2.powerful3.struck4.damaged5.was destroyed6.electrical7.wisdom8.suffering9.emergency10.whistling .1.ruins2.suffering3.damaged4.deliver5.trapped.1.there have been frequent natural disasters2.destroying countless homes3.human activities have a great effect on the environment4.people have suffered a lot5.to make it a place suitable to live in