1、语法复习四：定语从句（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词：when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用， 同时在从句中又充当句子成分。e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作
2、主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对
3、先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1、that与which的区别。1）用that而不用 which的情况：先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, ；先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；先行词既有人又有物时。e.g. There is nothing t
4、hat can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。2）用which而不用 that的情况：引导非限制性定语从句；代表整个主句的意思
5、；介词 + 关系代词。e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。3）as引导定语从句时的用法as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same as, such as结构中。e.g. I want the same shirt as my friends. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。Such machines as are u
6、sed in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得
7、了第一名。3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.He made a long speech, which was unexpected.当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。e.g. The man who l
8、ives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替。e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on wh
9、ich ( = when ) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come
10、 to school.练习、定语从句一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.4. The students will not pass the exam . They dont study hard.5. The woman is our geography teacher.
11、 You saw her in the park.6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.11. Here is the girl. Her
12、brother works in this shop.12. Thats the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework havent been handed in.15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.16. He used to live in a big house. In fr
13、ont of it grew many banana trees.17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.20. She came into a big room. In the m
14、iddle of it stood a large table.二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:1. The person _ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.2. The pencil _ _ he was writing broke.3. Wu Dong, _ _ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.4. The two things _ _ Marx was not sure were the gramma
15、r and some of the idioms of English.5. Her bag, _ _ she put all her books, has not been found.6. The stories about the Long March, _ _ this is one example, are well written.三、选择填空：1. The man _ visited our school yesterday is from London.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. when2. The woman _ is talking to my mot
16、her is a friend of hers.A. whoseB. whoC. whomD. which3. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as4. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily?A. whenB. where C. whichD. who5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was
17、 just the same camera _ he lost last week.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. as6. Those _ want to go please sign their names here.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. when7. Where is the man _ I met this morning?A. whenB. whereC. whichD. who8. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there?A. whoB. /C. thatD. when9.
18、The man _ you talked just now is a worker.A. whoB. whomC. to whomD. to who10. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.A. with whomB. whenC. to whomD. which11. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to himB. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse
19、is talking toD. who the nurse is talking12. The man _ around our school is from America.A. which you showedB. you showed himC. you showedD. where you showed13. He talked about a hero _ no one had ever heard.A. of whomB. from whomC. about thatD. who14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three q
20、uestions _ were asked in French.A. whereB. whoC. in whichD. which15. Have you read the book _ I lent to you?A. thatB. whomC. whenD. whose16. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. that B. which C. whateverD. all17. The foreign guests, _ were government officials,
21、were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of themB. most of thatC. most of whomD. most of those18. This is the very letter _came last night.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. as19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask _ knows better than I.A. whoeverB. whomeverC. anyoneD. the one20. This is th
22、e school _ we visited three days ago.A. whereB. /C. whenD. what21. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. on which22. Nearby were two canoes _ they had come to the island.A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. /23. Jack is pleased with _ you have given him and all _ you have told
23、 him.A. that, whatB. what, thatC. which, whatD. that, which24. Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow?A. thatB. whichC. itsD. whose25. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. whomB. whoC. to whomD. form whom26. Is this school _ we visited three years ag
24、o?A. the oneB. whichC. thatD. where27. Is this the school _ we visited three years ago?A. the oneB. whereC. in whichD. /28, How many students are there in your class _ homes are in the country?A. whoseB. who C. whomD. which29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.A. itB.
25、whichC. thatD. he 30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage _ already seven other people.A. when there wereB. which there wereC. that there wereD. where there were31. I live in the house _ windows face south. A. whichB. whoseC. whereD. in that32. - What game is popular with them?- T
26、he _ most is tennis.A. game they like itB. game they likeC. best game they likeD. best game they like it33. They stayed with me three weeks, _ they drank all the wine I had.A. whichB. which timeC. during which timeD. during which34. The room _ Mr White lives is not very large. A. thatB. whichC. wher
27、eD. when35. Dont forget the day _ you were received into the Youth League.A. whenB. thatC. at whichD. where36. Ive finished writing the novel, _ is to be published next month.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. when37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, _ was unexpected.A. whichB. asC. that
28、D. it38. _ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.A. WhatB. As C. ThatD. Which39. The old man had three sons, all of _ died during World War .A. whoseB. thatC. whomD. who40. I have bought two pens, _ write well.A. none of whichB. neither of whichC. both of whichD. all of which41.
29、 Do you know the reason _ she has changed her mind?A. whyB. whichC. for thatD. of which42. He failed in the exam, _ proves that he wasnt working hard enough.A. whichB. whatC. itD. that43. During the week _ he tried to collect materials for his article.A. followingB. followedC. to followD. that follo
30、wed44. _ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.A. ItB. WhichC. AsD. That45. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, _ his father expected.A. that was whatB. what was thatC. and which wasD. which was what46. We should read such books _ will make us better and wiser.A. whenB. asC. whose
31、D. what47. You must show my wife the same respect _ you show me.A. whenB. asC. whoseD. what48. He is absent _ is often the case.A. whatB. whichC. whoD. as49. It is the first time _ I have come to your city.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when50. Who _ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.A. whoB.
32、 thatC. whomD. which51. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. that, whichB. when, whichC. which, thatD. when, who52. This is the only book _ I can find.A. thatB. whichC. itD. with which53. I dont like _ you speak to her.A. the
33、wayB. the way in thatC. the way whichD. the way of which54. That is one of those books that _ worth reading.A. isB. areC. has D. have55. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting _ the best.A. isB. areC. has D. have56. There was _ to prevent the accident.A. something could doB. anything we could doC. nothing we couldnt doD. nothing we could do