1、Unit 3ComputersSection Grammar&Writing第一板块单元语法 现在完成时的被动语态教材语法领悟1(教材 P18)Over time I_(change)quite a lot.2 (教 材 P18)Since the 1970s many new applications _(find)for me.3The important problem _(discuss)for nearly two weeks.4The ink has not _(remove)from the clothes.5Hasnt your problem _(solve)?6 How m
2、any buildings _(build)in your school in the last ten years?have been changedhave been foundhas been discussedbeen removedbeen solvedhave been built语法考点精析一、结构肯定式主语have/has been done.否定式主语have/has not been done.一般疑问式Have/Has主语been done.？特殊疑问式疑问词have/has主语been done.？He has been selected to take part in
3、 the sports meeting.他已被挑选出来参加运动会。The construction of the bridge has not been finished.桥的建设还没有完成。Has the date for the next meeting been decided?下次会议的日期已决定了吗？How long has the battery not been changed?电池多久没有更换了？二、用法1现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与 already,yet,just,never,recently 等副词连用。The ma
4、chine has already been repaired.机器已经修好了。2表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与 for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long.？”句型中。Financial problems of the company have been discussed fornearly two hours.公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。How long has this film been shown?这部电影已放映多长时间了？3用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来
5、完成时的被动语态。You shouldnt leave school before your homework has been finished.在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。名师指津 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：already 已经yet 已经recently/lately 最近since then 从那时起ever since 自那以来ever 曾经so far 迄今为止for a long time 很长一段时间by now 到现在为止in recent years 在最近几年里in/during/over the past/last years 在过去的几年里三、注意事项1
6、只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。His boss has already punished him.He has already been punished(by his boss)2带有双宾语的动词，如 give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。The company has given him a cha
7、nce to work abroad recently.He has been given a chance to work abroad recently(by the company)A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently(by the company)语法专项训练.单句语法填空1More than 100 famous films _(show)in the city since July.2Since your work _(finish),you can have a rest now.3How many cars
8、 _(make)in the factory since 1990?have been shownhas been finishedhave been made4Three new schools _(open)in our city in the past five years.5Its the first time that the old computer _(check)since I bought it.6Great changes _(take)place in my hometown and you can see that a lot of factories _(set)up
9、.7We want to sit at the table near the window.Im sorry,but it _(take)already.have been openedhas been checkedhave takenhave been sethas been taken8Its said that the bridge _(close)for repairs for months.9Though we dont know what was discussed,yet we can feel the topic _(change)10How to solve that di
10、fficult technological problem _(decide)yet.has been closedhas been changedbeen decidedhasnt.单句改错1Im sorry,but the letters havent typed yet._2The plan has been discuss for nearly two hours._3She hasnt been heard since then._4I will go home when my homework has finished._5Paper money has used for over
11、 one thousand years._type前加beendiscussdiscussedheard后加fromfinished前加beenused前加 been.语法与写作1_(男孩们已经被多次告知)not to swim in that lake,but it doesnt make any difference.2We are glad to be told that Li Tao _(已经被录取)Fudan University for his top score in the Maths Contest.The boys have been told many timeshas
12、been admitted to3With the help of high technology,more and more new substances(物质)_(已经被发现)in the past years.4When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _(没有确定)yet.5Peoples health _(受到了很大的影响)by air pollution,noise pollution and water pollution.have been discoveredhas nothas been greatly affectedbeen decided