1、一、过去完成时的被动语态1概念：过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成，且主语与谓语动词存在被动关系。2构成(1)肯定结构：主语had been done(2)否定结构：主语had not been done(3)疑问句结构：Had主语been done.特殊疑问词had主语been done3用法(1)在 told,said,knew,heard,thought,found 等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被做完时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。*He heard that the tickets had already been sold out.他听说票已
2、售完。*The newspaper reported more than 1,000 people had been killedin the hurricane.报纸报道说有一千多人在飓风中丧生。(2)before,when,by the time,until,after,once 等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时，以及 by,before 后面接过去的时间时，主句动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。*By the time she was 13,my sister had been sent to America.我姐姐 13 岁前就已经被送到
3、美国了。*200 cars had been produced by the end of last year.到去年年底，已经生产了 200 辆汽车。(3)It was the first/second.time that.句中 that 引导的定语从句中，主语与谓语构成被动关系时，要用过去完成时的被动的语态。*It was the third time that he had been beaten black and blue.那是他第三次被打得青一块紫一块的。(4)在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去事实相反，且主语与谓语构成被动关系时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。*If I had been
4、 invited earlier,I would have gone there.如果早点儿邀请我的话，我就去那儿了。考情分析过去完成时的被动语态重点考查其构成形式，特别是 had been done 结构中的 been 不能忽略。同时也要注意它和过去完成进行时的不同，过去完成进行时的结构是 had been doing。即学即练 1单句填空1When I got home,my shoes _(clean)by somebody.2He said his homework _(finish)already.3Tom _(tell)many times,but he still could n
5、ot understand it.4 By the end of last term two hundred English words _(learn)by him.5Fortunately,the fire _(put)out before it reached the crowd.had been cleanedhad been finishedhad been toldhad been learnedhad been put6It was reported that Mr.Smith _(catch)by the police for drunk driving.7In fact,th
6、e decision _(make)long before you came here.8It was hard to follow the lecture,because it _(start)when I arrived.9It was the first time that I _(meet)a professor from that university.10By the time he was twelve,Edison _(make)a living by himself.had been caughthad been madehad startedhad methad made二
7、、间接引语1基本概念。直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。直接引语若改为间接引语，在语序、人称、时态和状语方面作相应变化。2句式的转换。(1)转述他人的陈述陈述句的转换：(2)转述他人的疑问一般疑问句的转换：(3)转述他人的问题特殊疑问句：(4)选择疑问句的转换：用 whether.or.表达，而不用 if.or.，也不用 either.or.。He asked,“Do you speak English or French？”He asked me whether I spoke English or French.(5)祈使句的转换：深化点拨(1)直接引
8、语变间接引语时态不变的特殊情况如下：直接引语是客观真理、谚语或名人名言时。*He said,“The earth goes around the sun.”He said that the earth goes around the sun.当直接引语中有具体的过去时间作状语时，间接引语仍然用一般过去时。*Mr.Wang said,“I was born in China in September,1972.”Mr.Wang said he was born in China in September,1972.当直接引语是过去完成时态时。*She said，“They had left wh
9、en I arrived here.”She said they had left when she arrived there.当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时。*He said,“The plane takes off at 6：30 am.”He said that the plane takes off at 6：30 am.(2)如果在当天转述别人说过的话，时间状语可不变；如果在当地转述，地点状语和动词也不必改变。*He said，“Ill be back tonight.”He said that he will be back tonight.考情分析直接引语和间接引语是中学英语的重
10、要语法，也是高考的重要考点，其重点考查的内容是时态变化、语序变化和祈使句变为间接引语。即学即练 2把下列直接引语变为间接引语1She said,“I like to watch TV.”She said that _.2“Do you know the man？”he asked me.He asked _.3“What do you usually do in the evening？”he asked.He asked me _.4“Dont make any noise，”she said to the children.She told/ordered _.she liked to w
11、atch TVif/whether I knew the manwhat I usually did in the eveningthe children not to make any noise5Zhou Lan said,“Ill do it after class.”Zhou Lan said that _.6He said,“You told me this story.”He said that _.7He said,“I brought it home with me.”He said _.8He said,“I am going to Beijing this week.”He
12、 said that _.she would do it after classI had told him that storyhe had taken it home with himhe was going to Beijing that week9Mr.Wang said,“I will leave for Shanghai on business tomorrow.”Mr.Wang said that _ _.10His father said to him,“Think before you do it！”His father told him _.he would leave for Shanghai on business the following dayto think before he did it