1、课时作业4Earthquakes.阅读理解AResearch into how breathing affects the brain has become an evermore popular field in recent years. New methodology (方法论) has enabled more studies, many of which have concentrated on the memory.“Our study shows that we remember smells better if we breathe through the nose. The
2、process takes place between learning and memory recovery，” says Dr Arshamian, a researcher from the Karolinska Institute. This is the first time someone has demonstrated this point of view.This phenomenon (现象) has not previously been available for study since the most common laboratory animals were
3、rats and mice which cannot breathe naturally through their mouths. For Dr Arshamians study, researchers split the participants into two groups. Both groups were given the same period of time to learn a set of 12 different smells. Then, one group was asked to breathe through noses and the other group
4、 through mouths for one hour. When the time was up, the two groups were presented with the old as well as a new set of 12 smells. And then, researchers asked them to tell if each smell was from the old set or the new one. The results showed the group that breathed through noses strengthened their me
5、mories better.Earlier research has shown that different parts of the brain are affected in different phases of breathing. But how breathing is related to brain activity and then how the brain affects our behavior are still unknown. According to Dr Arshamian, brain measurement in this direction has b
6、een a practical impossibility for years as electrodes (电极) had to be inserted directly into the brain. “The idea that breathing affects our behavior is actually not new，” adds Dr Arshamian. But no one has managed to prove scientifically what actually goes on in the brain during breathing. Dr Arshami
7、ans team are developing a new means of measuring brain activity without having to insert electrodes, which will potentially open a new chapter in uncovering new clinical knowledge.本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了用鼻子呼吸有助于巩固记忆。1What did Dr Arshamians study probably focus on?AThe link between breathing and memory.BThe
8、 improvement on smell recognition.CThe new approach of promoting memory.DThe process of learning and memory recovery.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的Research into how breathing.concentrated on the memory和第二段中的Our study shows that we remember.says Dr Arshamian可知，Dr Arshamian研究的焦点很可能是“呼吸和记忆之间的联系”。2Why did the pre
9、vious study fail to notice the phenomenon mentioned in Paragraph 2?AThe experimental subjects were improper.BResearchers measuring methods were wrong.CThe previous study lacked enough participants.DThe previous study was short of financial support.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的This phenomenon has not previous
10、ly.which cannot breathe naturally through their mouths可知，先前研究未能发现呼吸和记忆之间关系的原因在于：实验使用的鼠类不能用嘴呼吸，即鼠类不是恰当的研究对象。3The last paragraph implies that _.Athe influences of breathing on acts are a new topicBbreathings effects on memory can be easily measuredCthe new approach will bring convenience for brain stu
11、diesDbrain activity during breathing is already scientifically known答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的.has been a practical impossibility.directly into the brain和.developing a new means.uncovering new clinical knowledge可知，新方法不用在大脑中植入电极，将为后续的脑研究提供便利。BA ship that sank off the coast of California decades ago was rec
12、ently reconstructed in remarkable detail. The 3D digital model even included hundreds of sponges (海绵动物) that have gathered on the ships surface in the years since it sank.Named American Heritage, the boata supply ship that once serviced oil platformssank in Santa Monica Bay on May 4,1995, and for de
13、cades its precise location (位置) was unknown. Researchers with the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) spotted a strange shape in that area in 2008. But it wasnt until May 2018 that MBARI scientists identified its precise location and mapped the site in greater detail, showing what appea
14、red to be a shipwreck (失事船只). It measured 197 feet long and rested nearly 2,300 feet below the surface.Even then, the identity of the shipwreck was uncertain. Yet another MBARI team revisited the location to do further exploration. They sent remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and took photos of the d
15、amaged ship. Though it was covered with deepsea sponges and other animals, the scientists were able to spot letters spelling out its name, confirming that the shipwreck was American Heritage.As one of the MBARI scientists who found American Heritage, chief ROV pilot Knute Brekke had previously worke
16、d on the ship. And he was on duty with the diving company American Pacific Marinethe owner of American Heritagethe night the ship began taking on water and eventually sank.MBARI spokesperson Kim FultonBennett said to Live Science about the discovery, “The model is not complete, as floating ropes and
17、 poor visibility kept the pilots from getting too close to the wreck. Nevertheless, the 3D reconstruction is detailed enough to show that American Heritage is now home to potentially thousands of sponges. Shipwrecksaccidental and intentionaloften transform into the shelter for diverse communities of
18、 ocean life.”本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家发现了一艘名为American Heritage的沉船并用3D数字模型复原了这艘船。4What is the main idea of the text?AA valuable treasure was discovered.BSpecial sponges were found under sea.C3D model reconstructed a sunken ship.DA sunken ship was gotten out of water.答案：C解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了科学家发现了一艘
19、沉船，并用3D模型复原了这艘船。5Which is the right order of the following events?Something strange was found in the area.ROVs were sent under sea to take photos.A ship sank in Santa Monica Bay.The identity of the ship was confirmed.Scientists tried to locate the shipwreck.A BC D答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第二、三段事件发生的过程可知正确排序。6W
20、hat can we learn about Knute Brekke?AHe was familiar with the sunken ship.BHe was in charge of a diving company.CHe was responsible for the rescue work.DHe was the first one to witness the accident.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的As one of the MBARI scientists who found American Heritage, chief ROV pilot Knute B
21、rekke had previously worked on the ship可推知，Knute Brekke对这艘船很熟悉。7Whats Kim FultonBennetts attitude towards the 3D model?ACritical. BDoubtful.CAmazed. DObjective.答案：D解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段的The model is not complete.Nevertheless, the 3D reconstruction is detailed enough to show.可知，Kim FultonBennett认为该3D模型不够完整
22、，同时又认为该3D模型的重建已足够详尽能够说明问题，故可知他对此持客观公正的态度。.完形填空There I stood with tears in my eyes. I looked at a face so _1_ that I might mistake it for my own. I stared at her in _2_. It felt like a dream. I hugged her; she was real.Adopted at a very young age, I _3_ surrounded by people I loved as family. The fac
23、es werent like mine. _4_， they were people that loved me. As I got older, the curiosity to learn more about myself took hold and didnt _5_. Who was I? Where did I come from?At the age of 21, I was given the chance to figure it out thanks to my adoptive parents _6_. They accompanied me to the adoptio
24、n agency. Then it started the process of finding my birth mother. But the process was _7_ and I didnt expect there would be many complex procedures. And the agency also had caution to move the procedures to ensure both parties privacy especially _8_ my birth mother didnt choose to meet me.Months lat
25、er the agency told me that my birth mother was found and that she _9_ to meet me. We were excited. My parents said my birth mother made great sacrifice as she gave me away, which _10_ them to start a family; that wasnt possible on their own. So they wanted to thank her. I was wondering what my birth
26、 mother might be doing and what she might look like. I created a(n) _11_ in my head.After a long process, the moment finally camewe were to _12_. So, there we were, in a room. I found we had much similarity: we shared a sense of humor; we _13_ old pictures, finding both like the “V” gesture. She apo
27、logized for some problems with my frizzy (卷曲的), crazy hair and _14_ herself. We laughed, when admitting both were in a close relationship with flatirons (熨斗) because of frequently handing the wildness of our hair.She said she had made a(n) _15_ decision, when watching me leave with only the hope tha
28、t another family could provide what she couldnt. She said she hesitated for long but knew she was right. I knew she loved me very much.本文是一篇记叙文。作者从小生活在领养家庭，长大后终于与生母见面；作者对领养自己的父母和自己的生母都表达了感激之情。1A.familiar BuglyCold Dunclear答案：A解析：根据I might mistake it for my own.可知，作者看见的这张脸与自己的很相似，作者觉得很熟悉。2A.sorrow Ba
29、ngerCdisbelief Dpanic答案：C解析：根据下文It felt like a dream. I hugged her; she was real.可知，作者最终和母亲相见，觉得这一切像梦一样，不敢相信自己的眼睛。3A.stood up Bcame aroundCwarmed up Dgrew up答案：D解析：根据上文Adopted at a very young age.和下文As I got older.可知，作者在领养家庭长大。4A.Meanwhile BHoweverCTherefore DInstead答案：B解析：The faces werent like mine
30、.与they were people that loved me.在语境上是转折关系。5A.stop BhelpCincrease Darrive答案：A解析：根据下文对作者设法联系自己生母的描述可知，作者长大后对自己身世的好奇心没有停止。6A.support BappreciationCrequest Dforgiveness答案：A解析：根据下文They accompanied me to the adoption agency.可知，在养父母的支持下，作者开始寻找生母。7A.important BdiscouragingCdifferent Dabstract答案：B解析：根据下文and
31、 I didnt expect there would be so many complex procedures.可知，寻找生母的过程令人沮丧。8A.now that Bin caseCeven though Donly if答案：B解析：根据And the agency also had caution to move the procedures to ensure both parties privacy especially.可知，领养中介为确保双方的隐私尤其是以防作者的生母万一不想和她见面。9A.continued BmanagedCagreed Dhappened答案：C解析：根
32、据下文We were excited.可知，作者的亲生母亲同意与她交流。10A.convinced BwarnedCdemanded Dallowed答案：D解析：根据My parents said my birth mother made great sacrifice.to start a family; that wasnt possible on their own.可知，作者的生母把自己的孩子送出去，使得她的养父母能够有一个家。11A.schedule BpictureCdream Derror答案：B解析：根据上文I was wondering what.she might loo
33、k like.可知，作者很好奇自己的母亲在干什么以及她的长相，因此在自己的脑海里勾勒出了母亲的形象。12A.recover BnegotiateCreunite Drest答案：C解析：根据下文So, there we were, in a room.可知，作者和生母终于团聚了。13A.bought BlostCshared Dchanged答案：C解析：根据finding both like the “V” gesture可知，作者和生母分享了老照片，发现了她们都喜欢“V”手势。14A.taught BblamedCdressed Dtreated答案：B解析：根据上文She apologized for some problems with my frizzy (卷曲的), crazy hair.可知，作者的生母责备自己把头发的特点遗传给了她。15A.necessary BquickCimpossible Ddifficult答案：D解析：根据when watching me leave with only the hope that another family could provide what she couldnt可知，作者的生母做出了让别人领养自己孩子的艰难决定。