1、江苏省南京市金陵中学2018-2019学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）第一节 选择填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）1.But a change, no matter how _ it is needed, doesnt just happen.A. desperatelyB. frequentlyC. universallyD. violently【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，无论多么迫切地需要改变，它都不会发生。A. desperately迫切地、极度；B. frequently频繁地；C. universally普遍地；D. violently猛
2、烈地。根据“doesnt just happen.”可知此处表示“迫切地”，故A项正确。2.Gone are the days of limited channels, with viewers _ program schedules.A. at the request ofB. at the turn ofC. at the edge ofD. at the mercy of【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：观众们只能任由节目表支配的电视频道有限的日子已经一去不复返了。 A. at the request of应的要求；B. at the turn of在转弯处；C. at
3、the edge of在的边缘；D. at the mercy of 受支配。根据“limited channels”可知此处表示“受支配”，故D项正确。3.Every time I look at the old photos, I am _ back to my early childhood.A. translatedB. transferredC. transportedD. transformed【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当我看到老照片，我就会想起我的童年。A. translated翻译；B. transferred转移；C. transported运输，使
4、身临其境；D. transformed转换。根据“look at the old photo”可知此处表示“使身临其境、送回”，故C项正确。4.-What impresses you most when you visit the Acropolis?- _ it is that has brought the grand palace into todays terrible scene.A. WhereB. WhatC. HowD. When【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查强调句型。句意：你参观雅典卫城时印象最深的是什么？是什么将从前宏伟的宫殿变成了今天惨不忍睹的样子。分析句子结构可知本句为
5、强调句型，根据句意可知此处强调的是主语，应该用what，故B项正确。5.I grabbed Norms arm and _ him around to face me.A. pinnedB. wrappedC. spunD. sprayed【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我抓住Norms的胳膊并把他转过来面向我。A. pinned钉住；B. wrapped缠绕；C. spun旋转；D. sprayed喷。根据“him around to face me”可知此处表示“旋转”，故C项正确。6.Our air-conditioners sell well, but decades
6、 of years ago no one could have imagined such a big share in the market that they _ .A. were to haveB. were havingC. have hadD. had had【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：我们的空调卖得很好，但是几十年前没有人能想到它们会有这么大的市场份额。根据“decades of years ago no one could have imagined”可知，此处表示过去将来发生的事情，应该用过去将来时，故A项正确。7._ to the electronic game
7、s that he wasted a lot of precious time.A. So he was addictedB. So was he addictedC. So addicted was heD. So addicted he was【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查倒装和时态。句意：他如此沉迷于电子游戏，以至于浪费了很多宝贵的时间。sothat结构中的so连同它所直接修饰的成分位于句首表示强调时，要进行部分倒装，“wasted”表明主句用一般过去时，故C项正确。【点睛】注意：当“so/such that ”结构中的so, such连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时, 主句
8、要进行倒装(that后面的结果状语从句不倒装)。例如： So angry was he that he couldnt speak. 他愤怒得一句话也说不出来。（so与作表语的形容词放于句首, 主句呈现全部倒装的形式）。So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others. 他跑得如此快, 以至于远远领先于其他人。(so与修饰谓语run的副词fast放于句首, 主句呈现部分倒装的形式)。8.-What did David demand in the meeting just now?- _ an opportunity to join the D
9、ebating Club.A. Being offerredB. To be offerredC. Be offerredD. Having been offerred【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大卫刚才在会上要求什么？给他一个加入辩论俱乐部的机会。答语是省略句，完全句是（David demanded to be offerred an opportunity to join the Debating Club.）主语David是offer的动作承受者，所以用不定式的被动式，故B项正确。9.I worked on the program, and surprisingly
10、found they had _ the most challenging part, which became less of a burden.A. set outB. laid outC. put outD. cut out【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我参与了这个项目，并惊讶地发现他们已经去掉了最具挑战性的部分，这就变得不那么麻烦了。A. set out开始；B. laid out安排；C. put out扑灭；D. cut out删去，根据“which became less of a burden.”可知此处表示“删去”，故D项正确。10.Picasso was
11、 famous for his work in Cubism, which often uses acute angles and _ the world is represented as being constructed of cubes and rectangles.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. why【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：毕加索以立体派作品而闻名，立体派作品经常使用锐角，立方体和长方形来表示世界。分析句子结构可知，定语从句的先行词为Cubism，从句不缺主宾表，缺少地点状语，应该用关系副词where，故C项正确。【点睛】本题的难度
12、在于一个句子中含有两个定语从句，可用代入法解题，即：把先行词Cubism带入到第二个定语从句，完整的定语从句是in Cubism the world is represented as being constructed of cubes and rectangles；in Cubism 在定语从句中作抽象的地点状语，所以用关系副词where。11.- Do you agree friends you spend time with will change your life in one way or another?- Couldnt agree more. Hopefully our s
13、tudents can show great _ in their choices of friends.A. accommodationB. discriminationC. reputationD. distinction【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你同意和你在一起的朋友会以这样或那样的方式改变你的生活吗？完全同意，希望我们的学生在选择朋友方面表现出很强的鉴别能力。A. accommodation住处；B. discrimination鉴别力；C. reputation名誉；D. distinction区别。根据“their choices of friends”可知
14、此处表示“鉴别力”，故B项正确。12.In G7 Summit held in Canada, divisions between USA and other countries, in some critics opinion, were just papered over but by no means _ .A. they were fully solvedB. they had been fully solvedC. were they fully solvedD. had they been fully solved【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查倒装和时态。句意：在加拿大举行的七国集
15、团峰会上，一些批评人士认为，美国和其他国家之间的分歧只是被掩盖了，但并没有完全解决。by no means固定短语，表示“决不”，位于句首要进行部分倒装，“were”表明用一般过去时，故C项正确。【点睛】注意：by no means(决不)，in/under no circumstances(无论如何不)，in no case(无论如何不)，on no condition（决不）等短语位于句首时，通常用部分倒装形式，但如果为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式，如：By no means is it true that all English people know their ow
16、n language well.并非所有的英国人都通晓本国语言。13.While _ thin, this kind of paper _ easily.A. looked; doesnt tornB. looking; isnt tornC. looked; isnt tornD. looking; doesnt tear【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词和主动表被动。句意：虽然这种纸看起来很薄，但不容易撕破。系动词look无被动，用现在分词作状语，所以只能在B和D中选择；此处的tear 为不及物动词，与副词连用表示主语的某种属性，用主动表示被动含义，故D项正确。【点睛】注意常见的两种
17、主动表被动的情况是：一些连系动词（look,sound,smell,feel, prove）等词要用主动表被动。如：My advice proved to be wrong.我的建议被证明是错误的。动词sell,write,read, open,wash,wear,cook,run与副词连用，说明主与内在的性能或特点。如：This kind of book sells well.14.-I went up to speak to him, but he turned away and left.-Why did he give you _ ?You are good friends, aren
18、t you?A. a wet blanketB. a cup of teaC. the cold shoulderD. a tough nut【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查习语。句意：我走上前去和他说话，但是他转身就走了。为什么他对你态度冷漠？你们是好朋友，不是吗？A. a wet blanket 扫兴的人或物；B. a cup of tea喜爱的人或物；C. the cold shoulder冷漠；D. a tough nut难对付的人。根据“I went up to speak to him, but he turned away and left”可知此处表示“冷漠”，故C项正确。15.
19、-Oh, this is so annoying. Where on earth did I put my keys?- You never _ .A. learn your lessonB. bite your tongueC. eat your wordsD. cross your fingers【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查习语。句意：哎呀，烦死了。我到底把我的钥匙放哪儿了？你从来不吸取教训。A. learn your lesson从中吸取教训；B. bite your tongue欲言又止；C. eat your words食言；D. cross your fingers祈祷好运。根据
20、语境可知第一人经常找不到钥匙，所以第二人说“你总是不长记性（从来不吸取教训）”，故A项正确。16.In his inspiring book Spontaneous Healing, Andrew Weil recommends: “Make a list of friends and acquaintances _ company you feel more alive, happier, more optimistic”A. with whomB. of whomC. in whoseD. under whose【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Andrew Weil在他的励志
21、著作自然治愈中建议:列出一份朋友和熟人的名单，在他们的陪伴下，你会感到更有活力、更快乐、更乐观。分析句子结构可知此处为定语从句，friends and acquaintances与company 是所属关系，in sbs company表示“在某人的陪伴下”，故C项正确。17.When you are in a conversation with a cynic, possibilities seem to have a way of disappearing. A mildly depressing sense of fatalism seems to _ the conversation.
22、A. take upB. take overC. turn upD. turn over【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当你和一个愤世嫉俗的人谈话时，各种可能性似乎都会消失。一种略带沮丧的宿命论似乎占据（接管）了整个谈话。A. take up占用（时间）；B. take over接管；C. turn up出现；D. turn over翻阅。 根据句意可知此处表示“接管”，故B项正确。18.Many students agree that the charm of school dances is fading away. Megan Wachtel believes soci
23、al media may be to blame because people often get _ in sharing their experience.A. wound upB. used upC. caught upD. lifted up【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多学生同意学校舞会的魅力正在消失。梅根瓦赫特尔认为，社交媒体可能是罪魁祸首，因为人们经常在分享自己的经历时感到紧张。A. wound up紧张；B. used up用完；C. caught up赶上；D. lifted up 举起。根据句意可知此处表示“紧张”，故A项正确。19.According
24、 to the ministry, the emergence of these new professions _ the rapid development of high-tech industries, which have opened up new job markets.A. contribute toB. subscribe toC. owe toD. refer to【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：根据教育部的说法，这些新职业的出现促进了高科技产业的快速发展，开拓了新的就业市场。A. contribute to促进；B. subscribe to订阅；C.
25、owe to归功于；D. refer to涉及。根据“which have opened up new job markets”可知此处表示“促进”，故A项正确。20.A travelling mothers worst nightmare had come true. I ran to the car so fast that the heel of my shoe _ .A. broke upB. broke offC. broke outD. broke away【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一位旅行的母亲最可怕的噩梦成真了。我飞快地跑向汽车，以致我的鞋跟断了。A.
26、broke up分裂、破碎；B. broke off突然停止；C. broke out爆发；D. broke away逃脱。根据“worst nightmare”可知此处表示“鞋跟断了”，故A项正确。第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）When I was 13 years old, I stopped speaking. Im still not exactly sure_21_ 一 I think I felt that words got me into trouble. The boys in my class were always _22_ me, telling
27、 me to shut up. One day, I_23_ into uncontrollable sobs behind the sports hall.So throughout my _24_, I clammed up一dealing with the wider world only in whispers and shrugs. Myisolation(孤立）led to indescribable _25_ that nothing could relieve. I couldnt _26_ or socialise. Then, at 15, a psychologist s
28、aw _27_ in meShe said I was in intelligent but_28_, and needed to change schools for a fresh start.My parents sent me to a different comprehensive. I knew no one and I had the chance to _29_ myself. Cheered by the psychologists _30_ in me, I worked hard and became a swot(刻苦学习的人).As a result, my pare
29、nts were _31_. Finally at 20, I was referred to a psychiatrist and he diagnosed me with a mild form of autism(自闭症).It was such a(n)_32_ to know what was happening that I cried on the bus on the way home.It took a further five years to _33_ again, a decision that was as much a surprise to me as it wa
30、s to everyone else. I _34_ myself hard, becoming more confident. Gradually, I _35_ my speech. I definitely get more than usual pleasure from the use of _36_ . Its still such a fresh experience for me _37_different wordsones that can sound so complex, and carry so much _38_ .When I think of what I ha
31、ve _39_, I feel like crying, but I dont _40_ it up anymore. Instead, I enjoy talking about it.21. A. whenB. whyC. howD. where22. A. encouragingB. teasingC. ignoringD. praising23. A. collapsedB. dividedC. lookedD. laughed24. A. teensB. experiencesC. educationD. life25. A. tirednessB. boredomC. loneli
32、nessD. guilt26. A. waitB. singC. mixD. move27. A. potentialB. weaknessC. justiceD. ambition28. A. arbitraryB. innocentC. conventionalD. insecure29. A. entertainB. abandonC. comfortD. reinvent30. A. interestB. faithC. investmentD. patience31. A. proudB. passiveC. cautiousD. curious32. A. surpriseB. e
33、mbarrassmentC. pityD. relief33. A. complainB. connectC. studyD. speak34. A. struckB. drew NC. pushedD. rushed35. A. put outB. built upC. looked throughD. took down36. A. languageB. knowledgeC. wisdomD. imagination37. A. discoveringB. underliningC. compilingD. creating38. A. responsibilityB. flexibil
34、ityC. emotionD. depression39. A. held on toB. looked forward toC. stayed away fromD. missed out on40. A. sumB. bottleC. thinkD. polish【答案】21. B 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. C 35. B 36. A 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者小时候说话，总受到别人的嘲笑，后来作者
35、就不再说话。后来，作者被诊断为自闭症，在心理学家和父母的鼓励下，作者重新开始说话。【21题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我现在仍然不确定为什么会这样。这里含有一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作原因状语，用引导词why，故选B。【22题详解】考查动词辨析。A 鼓励，B 嘲笑，C 忽视，D 表扬。根据后半句他们叫我闭嘴可知，班上的男生经常嘲笑我。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词辨析。A.表示崩溃，陷入，B. divideinto把分成（份），C. look into 观察，浏览，D.没有laugh into。句意：我陷入了无法控制的哭泣。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词辨析。A 青少年时期，B 经历，C 教育
36、，D人生。由开头第一句话可知，我在13岁开始不说话，因此是在我的青少年时期teens，（13-19岁时期）。故选A.【25题详解】考查名词辨析。A 劳累，B 无聊，C 孤独，D 愧疚。由上一行的clam up （不说话）和isolation（孤立）和下一行的I couldnt socialize（我无法社交）可知，我是非常孤独的，故选C。【26题详解】考查动词辨析。A等候，B 唱歌，C 与人交往，D 移动。由or前后连接并列或相似的词可知，应选与socialize（社交）相近的词，故选C。【27题详解】考查名词辨析。A 潜能， B 弱点，C 公正，D 理想。由后文I was intellige
37、nt（我是聪明的）可知是一位心理学家看到了我身上的潜能。故选A。【28题详解】考查形容词辨析。A 武断的，B 无辜的，C 传统的，D 缺乏信心的。but前后徐转折，因此选与intelligent（聪明的）相悖的一面，即我的不自信。与第四段第二行的becomemore confident相照应。因此选D。本题有一定小难度在于要知道此处的insecure表示缺乏信心的，故选D。【29题详解】考查动词辨析。A 娱乐，B 放弃，C 使宽慰，D 重新改造。由前文我父母给了我一个不同的理解及后文我work hard and become a swot可知沉默使得我有机会去重新改造自己。故选D。【30题详解
38、】考查名词辨析。A 兴趣，B 信任，C 投资，D 耐心。 由前文可知心理学家肯定了我的才能，因此是他对的我信任。故选B。【31题详解】考查形容词辨析。A 骄傲的，B 消极的，C 小心的，D 好奇的。前一句将我努力成为了刻苦学习的人，因此父母应该是为我感到骄傲的，其余选项均不通顺。故选A。【32题详解】考查名词辨析。A 惊讶，B快乐，C 遗憾，D宽慰。此处与第一段相照应。我感觉到那些单词使我陷入麻烦，并且我不受控制地无理由地开始沉默。因此知道发生了什么事是如此令人宽慰，以至于我在回家的路上在公共汽车上哭了起来。故选D。【33题详解】考查动词辨析。A 抱怨，B 联系，C 学习，D 说话。由agai
39、n及后半句的令人惊讶可知，这里是指我重新开始说话了。故选D。【34题详解】考查动词辨析。A 攻击;罢（工、课等）;撞;来到，B 画画，C 逼，推，D 冲，匆忙的做。由该空前后可知，作者改造自己开始重新说话，因此是作者逼了自己一把，变得更加自信了。故选C。【35题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A 扑灭;伸出;生产;出版，B 逐步建立;增强;，C 看穿，仔细检查，D 取下;拆卸;记录。此处由前文我重新说话，后文我用不同的单词可知，我增强了自己演讲的能力。故选B。【36题详解】考查名词辨析。A 语言，B 知识，C 智慧，D 想象。由前两段可知，我之前一直沉默寡言，如今重新开始说话，所以我从使用语言中得到了
40、非凡的快乐。故选A。【37题详解】考查动词辨析。A 发现，B 划重点，C 汇编，D 创造。由于我之前一直不说话，所以对我来说发现不同的词语的魅力仍然是新鲜的体验。故选A。【38题详解】考查名词辨析。A 责任，B 灵活，C 情绪，D 抑郁。句意：那些词语对我来说曾听起来非常复杂，并且需要调动很多的情绪。故选C。【39题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A 坚持，保留不卖，B 期待，C 远离，D 遗漏。句意：当我想起那些我曾（因为沉默）而遗漏的东西（前面指的那些语言的魅力），我想要哭泣。故选D。【40题详解】考查动词辨析。A 计算的总和; 概括，B 逼入死角，抑制，C 想（到），D 磨光, 擦亮; 润饰。虽
41、然我对于过去的遭遇很悲伤，但我不会刻意抑制它，相反，我很乐意谈及它。由Instead前后转折可知，我不会刻意回避。此题较难。bottle可作动词，表示抑制属于较为偏僻的意思。故选B。【点睛】任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，尤其是要抓住所需推断词汇前后的内容。本题第7小题，A 潜能， B 弱点，C 公正，D 理想。由后文I was intelligent（我是聪明的）可知是一位心理学家看到了我身上的潜能。故选A。第三部分 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）AFreelanc
42、e writers WantedAssociated Content is an online publishing platform that enables anyone to earn money by writing articles on the Web.Writing for AC is a great work opportunity for students, stay-at-home parents and freelance writers. You can work on your own time and provide papers, reviews, essays,
43、 etc. on any topic that you have interest in. This is a job you can do from anywhereall you need is access to the Internet.Heres how you get started:1) Go to 2) Follow the instructions to register.3) Follow in your profile (简介),making note of your previous experience and your areas of experience (if
44、 any).4) Start providing articles. Youll begin earning money as soon as your articles are published and the amount is based on the page views it receives.In addition to our own library of content, we have hundreds of partners (Partner Content Team) who work with AC to obtain high-quality. As such, t
45、here are lots of opportunities for our most talented and productive writers to accept “Partner Assignments” on an as-needed basis.If youre interested in accepting higher paying Partner Assignments, send us a link to your AC profile once you have provided at least five articles. We will review all ar
46、ticles and pass them along to our Partner Content Team. If selected, you will start receiving special paid assignments from us on a regular basis, which you are free to accept or ignore.NOTE: we pay our writers via PayPal daily.Any questions? Email me: 41. You can write for AC on condition that you
47、_.A. have access to the InternetB. have rich experience in writingC. must be free at homeD. must provide at least five articles42. Partner Content Team is mentioned here to_.A. show off its rich library of contentB. lay stress on the importance of cooperationC. seek more support from other business
48、partnersD. attract more people to write articles for AC【答案】41. A 42. D【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了在线出版平台AC招聘自由作家的相关信息。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Associated Content is an online publishing platform that enables anyone to earn money by writing articles on the Web.” 及第二段最后一句 This is a job you can do from anywhere all y
49、ou need is access to the Internet. 可知，如果想给AC写文章的话必须要上网，故A项正确。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段内容可知，如果你想获得更高的稿酬的话，就要提交一个链接给 Partner Content Team，如果你被接受了，可从中得到特殊的有偿任务，由此可知，提及 Partner Content Team 的目的就是用高稿酬吸引更多的人为AC写文章，故D项正确。BFrom dogs and cats to pandas and penguins, lists of adorable animals can be very varied.
50、 However, when it comes to scary animals, the answers are often more or less the same-snakes and spiders are among the most dreadful ones for the majority of us.However, most of us have never been bitten by a snake or a spider. So does this mean we are born with a fear of certain things?Scientists h
51、ave been actively looking into it for a long time. For example, studies have suggested that babies find live animals much more interesting than stuffed （毛绒填充的） ones. This interest continues even if those animals are snakes and spiders.A study published in Psychological Science in 2008seemed to show
52、that snakes did have a different impact on babies. When scientists presented babies with animal videos along with random sounds of happy or frightened human voices, hey found that babies looked at snakes for longer than any other animal however the voices sounded.Now, a team from Rutgers University
53、in New Jersey, US has tried to challenge the idea that babies are born with a fear of snakes and spiders. According to the BBC, the researchers measured babies physiological （生理的） responses as they watched videos of snakes and elephants paired with both fearful and happy voices.Scientists then set o
54、ut to surprise the babies to see how they would react. They presented them with an unexpected bright flash of light as they watched a video. As the BBC explained, a surprise like this would be more intense （强烈的） if the babies were already scared, just like when we watch scary films and jump more if
55、we are already scared.However, according to their findings, published recently in the Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, babies surprised responses were not bigger when watching a video of a snake, even when it was shown with a fearful voice. Their heart response was also lower, which also ma
56、de it seem that babies were not scared.Children do not have an innate fear of snakes,concluded the study. Even if previous studies had suggested that babies have different responses to snakes, it isnt necessarily related to fear.Its possible that paying more attention to something might make fear le
57、arning easier later on. It leads to fear learning,said research co-author Vanessa LoBue. She further explained that it was a good thing that humans didnt have an inborn fear of snakes because it would make a young infants desire to explore new things less strong.Instead, we have evolved to quickly l
58、earn to be afraid of something if it turns out to be dangerous.43. What is the article mainly about?_A. Whether humans are born with a fear of snakes and spiders.B. How peoples fear of snakes and spiders has evolved.C. How babies react differently from adults to snakes and spidersD. Why snakes and s
59、piders are considered the most dreadful animals.44. What was the finding of the study published in Psychological Science in 2008?_A. The longer babies looked at snakes in the video, the less scared they were.B. Babies took more interest in snakes than the other animals in the videos regardless of wh
60、ich human voices they heard.C. Babies responses to the snake in the videos were greatly affected by the types of voices they heard.D. The fearful voices babies heard when watching snake videos doubled their fear of snakes.45. How did babies react when the researchers from Rutgers University surprise
61、d them while they were watching a video of a snake?_A. A fearful voice didnt make their surprised response become more intense.B. They became more scared when they experienced an unexpected bright flash of light.C. Babies heart responses changed slightly when they heard a fearful voice.D. They paid
62、more attention to the snakes when they heard a fearful voice.46. The underlined wordinnatein the second-to-last paragraph is the closest in meaning to_.A. immediateB. lastingC. from birthD. from learning【答案】43. A 44. B 45. A 46. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人类是否天生就害怕蛇和蜘蛛。【43题详解】主旨大意题. 根据第二段中的“So does this
63、 mean we are born with a fear of certain things”可知，文章主要介绍的是人类是否天生就害怕蛇和蜘蛛，故A项正确。【44题详解】细节理解题. 根据第四段中的“When scientists presented babies with animal videos along with random sounds of happy or frightened human voices,they found that babies looked at snakes for longer than any other animal however the v
64、oices sounded”可知，无论在哪种声音环境下，孩子对蛇的兴趣大于其他动物，故B项正确。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据第七段中的“babies surprised responses were not bigger when watching a video of a snake, even when it was shown with a fearful voice”可知，可怕的声音并没有使孩子惊讶的反应更强烈，故A项正确。【46题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文中的“So does this mean we are born with a fear of certain things?”
65、可知，文章讨论的是人类是否天生就害怕蛇和蜘蛛，此处是说研究发现孩子对蛇没有与生俱来的恐惧，由此可知画线词词义为“生来、天生的”，故C项正确。【点睛】科普说明文的主旨大意题难度较大，这类文章的特点是通常在第一段引出话题，然后用一般疑问句或反问句点明文章主题，因此要特别注意文章前两段所出现的问句，例如本篇第1题，文章第一段用狗、猫、熊猫和企鹅等可爱动物引出蛇和蜘蛛等可怕的动物，接着第二段中的“So does this mean we are born with a fear of certain things”点明主题人类是否天生就害怕蛇和蜘蛛，下文介绍了对此的研究，因此文章主要介绍的是人类是否天
66、生就害怕蛇和蜘蛛。CWhen international aid is given,steps must be taken to ensure（确保）that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization （UNO） co
67、uld undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.More than the help that one nation
68、 can give to another during a disaster,it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says,Give me a fish and I eat for a day,teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime. If we follow this wise saying,it would be right to teach people from less developed n
69、ations to take care of themselves. For example,a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometime
70、s what is taken for granted,like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school,could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of month
71、s or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling int
72、o the wrong hands.Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned,there is also the build-up of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving material
73、s may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However,in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.47. According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?_A. By solving the cost problems.B. By
74、solving the transportation problems.C. By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.D. By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.48. What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence?_A. Providing food is vital.B. Teaching skills is vital.C. Learning to fish is helpful
75、.D. Looking after others is important.49. The second paragraph is developed mainly_.A. by comparisonB. by contrastC. by exampleD. by process50. Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?_A. A water plantB. Financial support.C. A medical teamD. An exchange program.【答案】47. D 48. B 49. C 50. B【解
76、析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，灾难在全球是不可避免的. 国际援助雪中送炭. 然而援助要落到实处,着实要有些高效的措施，灾区要直接受惠于援助，联合国为此做出了努力，比如,建立一个正直无私心救援物质的管理团队。本文作者认为高效的援助不在于物质,而是平日里技术知识的共享打造坚固友谊,互派国际交换生！【47题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods a
77、nd earthquakes. ”可知，救援物质要快速地分配到灾区,联合国可以在各国组建一支特别团队，专门实施这项工作，也就是在每个国家组建一个由有奉献精神的人组成的队伍来确保国际援助及时到达受害者手中，故D项正确。【48题详解】推理判断题。Give me a fish and I eat for day,teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime. 相当于汉语谚语授人以鱼不如授人以渔. ,强调的是渔（技术）。后文举例可以得到印证：For example,a country could share its technology with another.
78、 （一个国家可以与另一国共享技术资源），由此可知，作者的目的是强调教授技术的重要性，故B项正确。【49题详解】篇章结构题。第二段首句“More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster,it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times.（比起一个国家在灾难中给予另一个国家的帮助，在正常时期给予其他形式的帮助会更有效）”点明本段中心：加强平日技术知识交流，段中的多次使用for example，like等词
79、语。所以本段主要使用例证法来展开介绍的，故C项正确。【50题详解】推理判断题。（对灾区的）财政援助主要是各地的捐款和物质,如果falls into the wrong hands,那可能造成救援钱物被贪污或挪作他用，故B项正确。【点睛】本篇第2题推理判断题的难度较大，对Give me a fish and I eat for day,teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime. 这句话的理解是关键，这句话相当于汉语谚语授人以鱼不如授人以渔. ,强调的是渔（技术）儿不是鱼，后文举例可以得到印证： For example,a country could sh
80、are its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed nations. （例如，一个国家可以与另一个国家共享其技术。这可能是在简单的领域，如农业，或在更复杂的领域，如医疗和卫生保健，甚至在建造卫星。即使是一个小国也能帮
81、助欠发达国家），由此可知，作者的目的是强调教授技术（而不是物质帮助）非常重要。DPsychology has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems.In large hospitals, modern therapy(疗法)seems to focus on the physical disease.Patients m
82、ay feel they are treated like broken machines.Some doctors have recognized this as a problem.They are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. The patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him
83、or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight.The doctor knows that a disease affects a patients body physically.The body of the patient changes because of the disease.He is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the disease.Because his mind is affected, and his att
84、itude and behavior change.The medical treatment might cure the patients physical problems, but the patients mind must fight the emotional ones.For example, the studies of one doctor, Carl Simonton, M.D., have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes.She typically feels depressed
85、, upset, and angry.Her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses.Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery.Therefore, a doctors treatment must help the patient change that.Simontons method emphasizes treatment of the “whole” patient.The attitud
86、e of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an Xray treatment, can become more positive.The physician who is following Simontons psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor(肿瘤)in the body.In the mental picture, the patient“sees”a powerful be
87、am of radiation like a million bullets of energy.The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink.For another cancer patient, Dr.Simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells.The patient imagines that the
88、 medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carrying away the dead cells.Both the medical therapy and the patients positive attitude fight the disease.Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works.However, this use of psycholo
89、gy does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change.They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease.Another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestion therapy.At first, the doctor helps the
90、patient to concentrate deeply.The patient thinks only about one thing.He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or rather in a trance(催眠状态). Then the physician makes“a suggestion”to the patient about the medical problem.The patients mind responds to the suggestion even afte
91、r the patient is no longer in the trance.In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment.Doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of som
92、e disease. Furthermore, such treatment may help the patient with a chronic diseases. Suggestion has been used to change childrens habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems.Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology and that psychology has im
93、portant applications in medicine.51. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. How suggestion therapy benefits adults and children.B. How to use the mind against disease.C. Responses from the medical world.D. How modern therapy focuses on the disease.52. How does psychological therapy work?A. The doct
94、or, the medicine, and the patient work together to fight disease.B. The doctor uses medical treatment to cure the patients problemsC. The patient uses his mind to cure himself.D. The patient waits for the medicine and treatment to cure him.53. What can we learn from the studies of Carl Simonton, M.D
95、.?A. The medical treatment can cure the patients mental disease.B. The mental treatment is more important than medical treatment.C. The treatment of a patient by treating the body and the mind is necessary.D. Few patients have emotional response to the disease.54. The use of psychological therapy is
96、 helpful to some patients in that_.A. the patients can see a powerful beam of radiation hitting their tumor cellsB. the medical effect is better with psychological therapy than without itC. the patients are easy to accept the methods the doctors use to treat themD. the patients attitudes towards the
97、mselves have changed55. It can be learned from the passage that suggestion therapy cannot be used to_.A. help cure patients of insomnia(失眠症)B. help the patients with chronic diseasesC. help change some bad habitsD. help adults deal with the strong pain of some diseases【答案】51. B 52. A 53. C 54. D 55.
98、 A【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何利用心理疗法治疗疾病，即：病人、医生与药物三方一起对抗疾病。【51题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“They are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine.”可知，本文主要介绍了如何利用心理疗法治疗疾病，即：病人、医生与药物三方一起对抗疾病，故B项正确。【52题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“psychological
99、therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine”可知，在心理治疗中，在药物的帮助下，病人与医生一起对抗疾病，故A项正确。【53题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery.Therefore, a doctors treatment must help the patient change that.Simontons method emphasizes
100、treatment of the “whole” patient.”可知，Carl Simonton, M.D的研究强调对病人的整体（身体和心理）治疗，即：对病人的心理治疗和身体治疗同样是必要的，故C项正确。【54题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change.”可知，心理疗法对一些病人有帮助在于他们对自己的态度发生了变化，故D项正确。【55题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“For exampl
101、e, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, such treatment may help the patient with a chronic diseases. Suggestion has been used to change childrens habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking”可知，心理疗法可用来帮助减轻剧烈疼痛、治疗慢性病及改掉孩子咬指甲和手指等不好的习惯，而没有提到用于
102、治疗失眠，故A项正确。第四部分 词汇运用（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分）根据句意或中文提示，用单词的正确形式填空56. The first problem is that we tend to accept the a_ (准确性) of social media reports too readily.57. Things are c_ （变化的）, so its hard for us to predict what will happen next.58. These decisions were based on ignorance and p_ （偏见）.59. The c
103、hildren were given blood tests at regular _ （间隔） throughout the year.60. Many accidents are reported to have a _ （引起）from careless driving.61. Topics t_ （涉及）on environmental protection are worth paying attention to.62. By popular c_（共识）, this is the most valuable painting in the world-it is impossib
104、le to calculate what price it would fetch if it ever came on the market.63. There is no point s_ （牺牲）our environment for more economic profits.64. B_ （执意）on giving up the stable job, the young man disappointed his parents.65. His actions made him u_（到处，普遍） respected.66. Participating in the negative
105、 gossip will d_（耗干） your energy and stifle your own optimism.67. It doesnt take a_(真实的) circumstances to be who you want to be. It just takes rehearsal.68. Feel your sense of belonging to the silence. Observe i_（洞察力）starting to appear.69. In this information-rich, i_（交互的）, civilized life today, you
106、are either living your dream or living someone elses70. They proposed making secondary education c_（义务的） up to the age of 18.71. A lack of qualifications can be a major o_ （障碍）to finding a job.72. I look in on a daily b_（基准）, but no longer with the desire constantly to post updates.73. He had a g_（天
107、赋）for making people feel at home.74. “I think social media has helped us in p_（推广）things,” said Jennifer Baumgartner.75. For the next seven days, he kept p_（敦促） me to let him surf again.【答案】56. accuracy 57. changeable 58. prejudice 59. intervals 60. arisen 61. touching 62. consensus 63. sacrificing
108、64. Bent 65. universally 66. drain 67. authentic 68. insight 69. interactive 70. compulsory 71. obstacle 72. basis 73. gift 74. promoting 75. pressing【解析】本题考查单词拼写，注意拼写和词形问题。【56题详解】考查名词。句意：第一个问题是，我们往往太容易接受社交媒体报道的准确性。此处缺少名词作accept 的宾语，accuracy表示“准确性”，故填accuracy。【57题详解】考查形容词。句意：事情是变化的，所以我们很难预测接下来会发生什么。
109、此处用形容词作表语，changeable表示“变化的”，故填changeable。【58题详解】考查名词。句意：这些决定是基于无知和偏见。作based on 的宾语用名词，prejudice表示“偏见”，故填prejudice。【59题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：这些孩子全年定期接受血液检查。at intervals表示“每隔一段时间”，故填intervals。【60题详解】考查过去分词。句意：据报道，许多交通事故都是由于粗心驾驶造成的。arise from表示“由引起”，“have”表明用现在完成时，故填过去分词arisen。【61题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：涉及环境保护的话题值得关注。to
110、uch on表示“涉及”，Topics与之是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作定语，故填touching。【62题详解】考查名词。句意：人们普遍认为，这幅画是世界上最有价值的一幅画如果它上市，不可能计算出它会卖多少钱。by consensus表示“达成共识”，故填consensus。【63题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了更多的经济利益而牺牲我们的环境是没有意义的。sacrifice表示“牺牲”，there is no point doing表示“做毫无意义”，故填sacrificing。【64题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个年轻人一心想放弃那份稳定的工作，这使他的父母很失望。be b
111、ent on表示“一心想要”，此处去掉be作状语，故填Bent。【65题详解】考查副词。句意：他的行为使他受到普遍的尊敬。修饰动词respected 用副词，universally表示“普遍地”，故填universally。【66题详解】考查动词。句意：参与负面八卦会耗尽你的精力，扼杀你自己的乐观情绪。drain是动词，表示“耗尽”，故填drain。【67题详解】考查形容词。句意：成为你想成为的人并不需要真实的环境。只需要排练而已。修饰名词circumstances 用形容词，authentic表示“真实的”，故填authentic。【68题详解】考查名词。句意：感受你对沉默的归属感，观察洞察
112、力开始出现。作动词Observe 的宾语用名词，insight表示“洞察力”，故填insight。【69题详解】考查形容词。句意：在这个信息丰富、互动、文明的今天，你要么活在自己的梦想里，要么活在别人的世界里。作定语修饰名词life 用形容词，interactive表示“交互的”，故填interactive。【70题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们建议把中等教育定为18岁以下义务教育。此处为make+宾语+宾补结构，用形容词作宾补，compulsory表示“义务的”，故填compulsory。【71题详解】考查名词。句意：学历不够可能成为求职的主要障碍。分析句子结构可知此处用名词作表语，obsta
113、cle表示“障碍”，故填obstacle。【72题详解】考查名词。句意：我每天都来看，但不再想持续更新了。作介词on 的宾语用名词，basis表示“基准”，故填basis。【73题详解】考查名词。句意：他有一种使人感到宾至如归的天赋。作动词had 的宾语用名词，gift表示“天赋”，故填gift。【74题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：鲍姆加特纳说:“我认为社交媒体帮助我们推广了一些事物。promote表示“推广”，介词in后接动名词作宾语，故填promoting。【75题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在接下来的七天里，他不断地催促我让他再冲浪。press sb to do表示“敦促/催促某人做某事
114、”, keep doing表示“一直做”，故填pressing。第五部分 任务型阅读（满分10分）Observational Learning: To See Is to KnowA group of psychologists, led by Albert Bandura, developed social learning theory, which emphasizes the fact that much learning occurs in a social context. This kind of learning, which results simply from obser
115、ving and imitating the behavior of others, is called observational learning. Observational learning helps people acquire proper behavior in their families and cultures. By watching others, we learn how to greet people, eat, laugh and tell jokes. Do you still remember your first few days in senior gr
116、ade one? By watching others, you learned how people talked to each other, what clothes were “fashionable,” and how to interact with instructors.With modeling, you observe others behavior, and then none, some, or all of the behavior may be learned and repeated, or modified. In one of Banduras classic
117、 studies, children were divided into three groups: One group watched an adult beating up a Bobo doll, one group watched an adult ignoring the Bobo doll, and the third didnt see an adult at all. After being mildly frustrated by being placed in a room with toys, but not being allowed to play with some
118、 of them, all of the children were then placed in another room with a variety of toys, including a Bobo doll. Children in the first group tended to imitate what they had seen, mistreating the doll (and inventing new ways to abuse it).Researchers have discovered that several characteristics of models
119、 can make learning through observation more effective. Not surprisingly, the more you pay attention to the model, the more you learn. You are more likely to pay attention if the model is an expert, is good looking, has high status, or is socially powerful. Second, by watching others, we learn about
120、what behavior is appropriate for people like ourselves, so models who are seen as similar are more readily imitated. All students need to see successful, capable models who look and sound like them.Then, as teachers, how can you apply observational learning? Here are a few guidelines. Above all, mod
121、el the behavior and attitudes you desire your students to learn. For example, show enthusiasm for the subject you teach. Be willing to demonstrate both the mental and the physical tasks you expect the students to perform. Second, use peers, especially class leaders, as models. For example, in group
122、work, pair students who do well with those who are having difficulties. Third, you may seek the help of class leaders in modeling behavior. Examples include letting high-status students lead an activity when you need class cooperation or when students are likely to be reluctant at first.Observationa
123、l Learning: To See Is to Know_76_and application of observational learningObservational learning is learning that occurs through_77_and imitation of others.Observational learning helps people learn how to behave_78_in their families and cultures.Models and their_79_Models are the people who present
124、behavior for you to imitate.Banduras study shows that if children observe an adult beating up a doll, they will become_80_.Characteristics of models that make observational learning more effective.Children are more_81_to imitate models who are experts, good looking, powerful and have high status.Mod
125、els_82_to ourselves promote observational learning.How to use observational learning in_83_Modeling the_84_behaviors and attitudes is an important approach.Using peers, especially class leaders, as models is another method._85_the help of class leaders in modeling behavior is also a good choice.【答案】
126、76. Definition/ Concept/ Meaning 77. observation 78. properly/ appropriately/ well 79. influences 80. aggressive/ violent/ rude 81. likely 82. similar 83. teaching/ education/ instruction 84. desired/ expected/ target 85. Seeking【解析】文章主要介绍了班杜拉的社会学习理论-观察学习，以及如何把观察学习运用到教学中。【76题详解】根据第一段的This kind of le
127、arning, which results simply from observing and imitating the behavior of others, is called observational learning.通过观察和模仿他人的行为而实现的学习叫观察学习，这是观察学习的定义，故填Definition/ Concept/ Meaning。【77题详解】根据第三行“from observing and imitating the behavior”可知，这里指的是通过观察和模仿，因为imitation是名词，因此，用observation与其并列，故填observation。
128、【78题详解】根据“Observational learning helps people acquire proper behavior in their families and cultures.”可知，观察学习帮助人们获得适当的行为，这里需要用副词来修饰动词behave，故填properly/ appropriately/ well。【79题详解】根据“With modeling, you observe others behavior, and then none, some, or all of the behavior may be learned and repeated, o
129、r modified.”可知，通过观察榜样的行为，人们会学会、重复或修正他们的一些或全部行为，这里讲的是榜样的影响，故填influences。【80题详解】根据“One group watched an adult beating up a Bobo dollChildren in the first group tended to imitate what they had seen, mistreating the doll”可知，观察成年人殴打玩偶的一组孩子，他们倾向于模仿成年人的行为，即殴打玩偶，即孩子会变得有暴力倾向，故填aggressive/ violent/ rude。【81题详
130、解】根据“You are more likely to pay attention if the model is an expert, is good looking, has high status, or is socially powerful.”可知，如果榜样是专家，榜样相貌好，或是社会地位高，或者有权力，人们就会更有可能模仿他们的行为，故填likely。【82题详解】根据“so models who are seen as similar are more readily imitated”可知，与自身条件类似的榜样的行为更容易被模仿，故填similar。【83题详解】根据“as
131、teachers, how can you apply observational learning?”可知，这里讲的是如何在教学中应用观察学习，故填teaching/ education/ instruction。【84题详解】根据“model the behavior and attitudes you desire your students to learn”可知，塑造你想让学生学习的行为或态度是很重要的，behavior and attitudes和desire是动宾关系，用过去分词作定语，故填desired/ expected/ target。【85题详解】根据“you may s
132、eek the help of class leaders in modeling behavior”可知，可以向班级带头人寻求帮助，故填Seeking。第六部分 书面表达（满分20分）86.请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。A Chinese boy is reported to have spent about 2 million yuan in studying in New Zealand but failed to get any diploma He even could not take care of himself and his grandmothe
133、r had to feed him.The man in the case is a so-called adult baby, because his deeds make him almost the same as a baby. He cannot take care of himself. He is unable to go to school, let alone finish studies. He even relies on his grandmother to feed him.However, he burns money faster than any normal
134、student. He spent about 2 million yuan in two years overseas, but could not finish even the preparatory courses. We do not mean to judge his choice, but someone who lacks the basic ability to survive has little chance of success in any modern society.In a later interview, the mother of the boy was i
135、n tears and said she regretted not having taught her son well.She also told the story about how she “educated” her son: meeting all his demands, even the unreasonable ones. When he did not perform well in school, she simply spent money in sending him overseas; she would buy whatever he wanted. That
136、was bad for her and bad for him.【写作内容】1. 以约30个单词概括文章大意；2. 谈谈你如何看待“巨婴”现象，然后用23个理由或论据支撑你的看法。【写作要求】1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3. 不必写标题。【评分标准】内容完整、语言规范、语篇连贯、词数适当。_【答案】A Chinese boy consumed a large sum of money in two years overseas. Whats worse, he couldnt live on himself and didnt get a di
137、ploma eventually. The phenomenon sets me thinking. The boy depicted in the passage is not the single case, resulting from several factors. First and foremost, there exist some parents spoiling the young and giving whatever their children want, even though their demands are irrational occasionally. I
138、n the second place, some parents focus more on childrens academic performances, ignoring the education of survival skills. Last but not least, some young people are self-centered and take it for granted that others serve them.From where I stand, its high time that we took some measures to cope with
139、this problem. To begin with, parents should strike a balance between discipline and love, letting their children try something themselves. Additionally, the young should establish proper values and communicate more with others.【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文写作。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，要求写一篇议论文； 要求为：1. 以约30个单词概括文章大意；2. 谈谈你如何看
140、待“巨婴”现象，然后用23个理由或论据支撑你的看法。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如： single case个别案例；First and foremost首要的是；irrational不合理的；academic performances学校表现；education of survival skills生存技能教育；Last but not least最后也是最重要的；self-centered自我中心的；take it for granted理所当然；cope with处理；establish proper values树立合适的价值观。第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，
141、注意主谓一致和时态问题。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如The boy depicted in the passage is not the single case, resulting from several factors.使用了现在分词的使用以丰富句式；First and foremost, there exist some parents spoiling the young and giving whatever their children want, even though their demands are irrational occasionally. 同时运用宾语从句和状语从句，全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。