1、一、一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 语境领悟 Peter,you are wanted on the phone.Its your mother.Listen to your friends problems and give advice when you are asked.The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.He told me he wouldnt attend your birthday party unless he was invited.知识归纳(1)构成：被动语态由“be及物动词过去分词”构成；一般现在时的
2、被动语态由“is/am/are及物动词的过去分词”构成(例)；一般过去时的被动语态由“was/were及物动词的过去分词”构成(例)。(2)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时的被动语态表示一般将来时的被动语态(例)；用一般过去时的被动语态表示过去将来时的被动语态(例)。名师点津 1.主动形式表示被动意义(1)表示主语属性的动词 read,write,sell,wash,wear,cook 等，且由 easily,well 等词修饰时。The cloth washes well.这块布很好洗。(2)连系动词 smell,sound,taste,feel,prove 等，也常用主动形式表
3、达被动含义。The cloth feels soft.这块布摸起来很柔软。(3)表示发生、爆发和传播等不及物动词或短语如：happen,occur,spread,take place,break out,run out 等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。When World War I broke out,he seemed to have become another man,downhearted.第一次世界大战爆发时，他似乎变成了另一个人，非常消沉。(4)need,want,require 的主动形式表示被动意义。His hair needs cutting.他的头发需要理了。2一些常用的经
4、典被动句型：It is said/thought/reported/expected that.*It is said that the price of meat will go up next month.据说下个月肉价会上涨。二、主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致。英语中的主谓一致主要遵循意义一致、语法一致和就近一致三个原则。1.意义一致(1)由 and 连接的两个单数名词指同一个人或同一事物时，谓语动词用单数。如：bread and butter 黄油面包，knife and fork 刀叉。The singer and dancer is coming fo
5、r a visit.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来参观。The poet and writer is very popular with us.那位诗人兼作家很受我们的欢迎。(2)形复意单的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，如：news,maths,politics,physics,works,means,the United States 等。The news is quite shocking.这个消息令人十分震惊。litics is her favourite subject.政治是她最喜欢的学科。(3)“the形容词/分词”表示一类人，如 the rich,the young,the living
6、 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.病人已被治愈，失踪者也已被找到。(4)family,class,team,government 等集合名词如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。The family has settled in Canada.这家人已定居加拿大。His family are all important persons.他的家人都是些重要人物。(5)表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Two days isnt eno
7、ugh for me to finish the work.I need a third day.对我来说，完成这项工作两天是不够的，我还需要一天。(6)“分数/百分数of 短语”作主语时，根据 of 后的名词的单复数确定谓语动词的单复数形式。Two thirds of the trees have been cut down.三分之二的树木被砍掉了。Two thirds of the soup has been eaten.三分之二的汤被喝掉了。(7)all,any,half,most,the rest,part 等与 of 短语连用作主语时，谓语动词根据 of 后所接名词的单复数形式而定。
8、The rest of the students are in the classroom.其余的学生都在教室里。The rest of the water is for you.剩下的水是给你的。2语法一致(1)当主语是由 and,both.and 连接的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数；但由 and 连接的并列主语前面分别有 every,each,no 修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。Both you and she have a good chance of getting the job.你和她都很有机会得到那份工作。Every/Each boy and every/each girl was
9、given a dictionary.每个男孩和女孩都得到一本字典。(2)主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如 with,along with,together with,as well as,like,rather than,but,except,besides,including,in addition to 等时，谓语动词与主语保持一致。Tobacco along with alcohol is taxed in most countries.烟草和酒在多数国家都要征税。He as well as his brothers is coming to visit you.他和他的弟弟们将要来拜访
10、你。(3)非谓语动词或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Whether he will come is doubtful.他是否会来还不知道。名师点津 在 what 引导的主语从句中，如果表语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。What we need are good teachers.我们需要的是好老师。(4)“many a/more than one单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。More than one student has finished his work.不止一个学生完成了作业。(5)none 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；但代表不可数的东西时总是看做单数，因而
11、谓语动词用单数。None of us are/is perfect.人无完人。None of this worries me.这事儿一点也不使我着急。(6)trousers,shoes,glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但这些词前面若有 a pair of，谓语动词用单数。The shoes are out of date.这些鞋子过时了。This pair of shoes is out of date.这双鞋子过时了。3就近一致(1)由 or,either.or,neither.nor，but 或 not only.but also.连接的并列主语，通常按照就近一致原则，即谓语动
12、词的单复数形式根据靠近它的主语而定。Neither his parents nor he is a bank clerk.他父母和他都不是银行职员。Not only Jack but also his parents are coming to see you.不仅是杰克，他父母也要来看你。(2)here,there 引导的句子，若有并列主语，谓语动词也与最近的主语一致。There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。There are many routes from China to Europe.从中国到欧洲有许多路线可走
13、。考情分析被动语态是英语中的基础语法，是考查的重点，而一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态更是考查的重中之重。即学即练 1单句填空1All visitors to this village _(treat)with kindness.2The first railway in the world _(design)in the last century.3She _(give)ten minutes to decide whether she should refuse the offer.4Mary _(invite)to the party last night.5The flowers we
14、re so lovely that they _(sell)out in no time.6I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy,but _(hold)back thankfully by the shop window.7To my delight,I _(choose)from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.are/were treatedwas designedwas givenwas invitedwere soldwas heldwa
15、s chosen即学即练 2.单句填空1Did he go to the concert last night?Yes.Every boy and every girl in the area _(invite)2Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _(wear)evening dress.3About fifty percent of students in our class _(be)girls.4 Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimmi
16、ng,_(regard)as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.5It is reported that many a new house _(build)at present in the flooded area.was invitedwearsareis regardedis being built6Tom,together with his wife and his sons,_(be)going to visit Beijing this summer.7The number of foreign students attendi
17、ng Chinese universities _(have)been rising steadily since 1990.8The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which _(save)for other purposes.9Listening to loud music at rock concerts _(have)caused some teenagers to suffer hearing loss.10The poet and writer _(be)very popular with us.1
18、1Her family is very big and all of her family _(be)fond of music.ishaswere savedhasisare12Playing the piano and collecting stamps _(be)my hobbies.13Either you or I _(be)going to attend the meeting.14There _(be)a magazine and some newspapers on the table.15All _(be)here.Lets start our meeting.areamis
19、are.根据汉语意思完成句子1所有的方法都试过了。_ been tried.2那位歌唱家兼舞蹈演员来自上海。The singer and dancer _ Shanghai.3学生们和老师不知道这件事。Neither the students nor the teacher_.4许多男孩和女孩都看过这幅油画。Many a boy and many a girl _.All means havecomes fromknows anything about ithas seen this painting5.这儿三分之二的工人是女士。_ women here.6他是那些学生中唯一一个去过欧洲的。H
20、e is the only one of the students _ Europe.7不止一个学生在这儿。_ here.8伤员已被送往医院。The injured _ the hospital.9一个半苹果留在了桌子上。One and a half apples _ on the table.10从事这一项目很有挑战性。Working on this project _.Two-thirds of the workers arewho has been toMore than one student ishave been sent toare leftis challenging.用括号内
21、词的适当形式填空1安徽高考改编It is reported that a space station _(build)on the moon in years to come.22018全国卷阅读理解改编Before choices are finalised(最后定下来)，parents/carers _(ask)to sign to confirm their childs choices.32018天津阅读理解改编 Fire extinguishers(灭火器)are located on each floor and in each apartment.Use a fire extin
22、guisher only if you _(train)to do so.42016北京改编The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _(reward)with success in the end.will be builtwill be askedhave been trainedwill be rewarded5They were told that the result _(announce)the next week.6天津高考改编Despite the previous rounds
23、 of talks,no agreement _(reach)so far by the two sides.7The first railway in the world _(design)in the last century.8Five units of this textbook _(study)by the end of last term.9Cleaners in big cities usually get _(pay)by the hour.10The manager entered the booking office and was glad to learn the ti
24、ckets _(sell)well.would be announcedhas been reachedwas designedhad been studiedpaidsold112016江苏改编 More efforts,as reported,_(make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.12What do you think of the book?Oh,excellent.Its worth _(read)a second time.13A new cinema _ (build)he
25、re.They hope to finish it next month.14In this forest over 50%of the trees _(damage)so far.15天津高考改编 We wont start the work until all the preparations _(make)will be madereadingis being builthave been damagedhave been made16湖南高考改编It is important to remember that success _(be)a sum of small efforts ma
26、de each day and often _(take)years to achieve.17湖南高考改编Listening to loud music at rock concerts _(have)caused hearing loss in some teenagers.istakeshas.完成句子1经常和你的同学对照笔记是一种提高学习的好方法。Comparing notes with your classmates frequently _to improve your study.2如果有其他我可以为你做的任何事情，请尽快联系我。If there _ I can do for y
27、ou,please contact me as soon as possible.3养成一个好的习惯也是重要的。_ also of importance.4我还想知道这个课程我得交多少钱，住宿是否包括在内。Id also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation _.is a good wayis anything elseDeveloping a good habit isis included5李华家不是一个大家庭。Li Huas family _.6下周，不仅约翰而且我也去上海
28、。Not only John but also I _ Shanghai next week.7.我们班学生都喜欢流行音乐。Our class _.8这项工程去年竣工了。The project _ last year.isnt very largeam going tolike pop musicwas finished.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。In India,a lot of elephants arent wild.Instead,they are domesticated(驯养的).They arent kept as pets
29、,1._ as working animals.Every working elephant has its own keeper.An elephant and its keeper meet for the first time when they are both young.2._(develop)a strong and lasting relationship,the elephant and its keeper grow up together.1答案与解析：but 考查连词。not.but.是习惯搭配，意思是“不是而是”。2答案与解析：To develop 考查非谓语动词。“
30、To develop a strong and lasting relationship”是不定式短语作目的状语。In fact,3._(they)relationship continues for the rest of the elephants lifeperhaps 40 years.Lots of elephants work in the forest,4._(move)heavy trees after they are cut down.3答案与解析：their 考查代词。空格中所填单词在句中作定语，修饰名词 relationship，需用形容词性物主代词。4答案与解析：mo
31、ving 考查非谓语动词。“moving heavy trees after they are cut down”是现在分词短语作状语，表示方式。Some give rides to tourists,or carry people during 5._(celebrate)and festivals.Keepers try to take good care of their elephants,feeding them well and giving them 6._ bath at the end of the working day.5答案与解析：celebrations 考查名词。空
32、格中所填单词在句中作介词 during 的宾语，需用 celebrate 的名词形式；根据 and后面的 festivals 知用复数形式。6答案与解析：a 考查冠词。give sb.a bath 意思是“给某人洗澡”。Another animal 7._ is treated in a special way in India is the cow.Cows are 8._(protect)animals,so they arent kept on farms or killed 9._ food,although people do use their milk.7答案与解析：that/w
33、hich 考查定语从句。关系代词 that/which修饰先行词 animal，引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。8答案与解析：protected 考查非谓语动词。protected animals意思是“受保护的动物”。9答案与解析：for 考查介词。此处表示目的。So in India you can often see cows walking around in a town or city,and nobody tries to control them.If they sit down in the middle of the road,people 10._(usual)try to keep away from them.Do you think its interesting?10答案与解析：usually 考查副词。空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词，需用 usual 的副词形式。