1、课时素养评价十五 Unit 5 Working the Land Using Language. 单句语法填空1. What some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and peoples health. 2. Pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. 3. Organic farming is
2、simply farming without using (use) any chemicals. 4. Organic farmers also use many other methods (method) to produce rich soil. 5. The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding (avoid) damage to the environment or to peoples health. 6. Some people would pref
3、er to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely (entire). 7. What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world. . 完成句子1. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease an
4、d increase production. 当它们被首次推广时, 许多农民欢迎它们, 把它们作为抗击作物疾病和增加产量的好方法。2. Very loud noise can make people ill or drive them mad. 很大的声音会使人身体不适, 或使他们发狂。3. Recently customers have turned to organic food when shopping at the local grocery. 最近, 顾客在当地杂货店购物时, 已经转向购买有机食品。4. For example, many organic farmers use n
5、atural waste from animals as fertiliser. 例如, 许多有机农民使用来自动物的天然废弃物作为肥料。5. Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet the need. 有机农业完全不能满足那样的需求。6. Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as
6、healthy as possible. 因此, 要找到一个合适的解决方案, 在保持人和环境尽可能健康的同时, 把足够的食物放在餐桌上, 还有很长的路要走。. 阅读理解AThe organic foods have gained a lot of popularity as they are being considered as healthier and tastier. A fair number of people advocate a large-scale shift to organic farming from conventional agriculture. But thi
7、s might not seem well-founded. Since the mid-19th century, conventional industrial agriculture has become incredibly efficient on a simple land to food basis. Conventional farming gets more and more crop per square foot of land, which can mean less wilderness needs to be transformed to farmland. To
8、make farming more efficient, conventional agriculture uses a significant amount of synthetic fertiliser(合成肥料)each year, and all that nitrogen(氮)enables much faster plant growth. However, the cost is paid in vast polluted dead zones at the months of many of the worlds rivers, because much of the nitr
9、ogen ends up running off the soil and into the oceans. This also makes conventional farming one of the major threats to the environment. To weaken the environmental impact of agriculture, improve soil quality as well as produce healthier foods, some farmers have turned to organic farming. Environmen
10、talists have also welcomed organic food as better for the planet than the food produced by agricultural corporations. Organic practicesrefusing artificial fertilizers and chemical pesticidesare considered far more sustainable. Sales of organic food rose 7. 7% in 2010, up to $26. 7 billionand people
11、are making those purchases for their moral senses as much as their tongues. Yet a new meta-analysis in Nature does the math and comes to a hard conclusion: organic farming produces 25% fewer crops on average than conventional agriculture. In the Nature analysis, scientists performed an analysis of 6
12、6 studies comparing conventional and organic methods across 34 different crop species, from fruits to grains. They found that organic farming delivered a lower output for every crop type, though the difference varied widely. For crops like fruit trees, organic trailed(落后于)conventional agriculture by
13、 just 5%. Yet for major grain crops and vegetablesall of which provide the worlds main caloriesconventional agriculture outperformed organics by more than 25%. What that means is that while organic farming may be more sustainable than conventional agriculture, there are trade-offs(此消彼长)with each. So
14、 an ideal global agriculture system may borrow the best from both systems rather than upholding merely organic or conventional practices. 【文章大意】有机食品越来越受欢迎, 人们认为它们更健康、更美味。一个理想的全球农业系统可以从有机农业和传统农业中获得最好的利益, 而不是仅仅支持有机或常规的做法。1. What do we know about conventional farming? A. It produces more crops with few
15、er fertilisers. B. It achieves efficiency at a huge cost to the environment. C. If offers a long-term solution to global demand for food. D. It performs far better for each crop type than organic farming. 【解析】选B。 推理判断题。根据第二段Since the mid-19th century, conventional industrial agriculture has become i
16、ncredibly efficient on a simple land to food basis. 和第三段最后一句This also makes conventional farming one of the major threats to the environment. 可知, 传统农业以牺牲环境的巨大代价来实现生产效率。2. What does the author most probably agree with? A. Employing organic farming to plant rice. B. Adopting organic practices to grow
17、potato. C. Using conventional methods to plant cabbage. D. Applying conventional farming to grow apple. 【解析】选C。 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句For crops like fruit trees, organic trailed conventional agriculture by just 5%. Yet for major grain crops and vegetablesall of which provide the worlds main caloriesconve
18、ntional agriculture outperformed organics by more than 25%. 可知作者最可能同意用传统的方法种植卷心菜。3. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage? CP: Central PointP: PointSp: Sub-point(次要点)C: Conclusion【解析】选A。 细节理解题。第一段是文章的中心论点, 有机食品越来越受欢迎, 因为它们被认为更健康、更美味; 文章第23段阐述了对conventional agriculture
19、的观点, 46段阐述了从conventional agriculture向organic farming的转变及新的研究发明, 两部分分别阐述了两种农业的利弊; 最后一段得出结论, 一个理想的全球农业系统可以从两个系统中获益, 而不是仅仅靠支持有机或常规的做法。4. Whats the authors purpose of writing the passage? A. To compare two types of farming. B. To criticize conventional agriculture. C. To discuss the development of farmi
20、ng. D. To argue for a realistic agriculture system. 【解析】选D。写作意图题。根据最后一段可知作者写本文的目的是主张建立一个现实的农业体系。BWhats the biggest online shopping day in the world? Not Valentines Day. Not Cyber Monday or Black Friday. The winner is Chinas Singles Day, celebrated on November 11, or 11. 11. Singles Day began as a da
21、y for unmarried or uncoupled people to celebrate their lives. Single students, looking for an excuse to buy themselves presents, started it on November 11, 1993, reported The Guardian. It is symbolized by the four number ones in the date of November 11 and is also called Double Eleven, in reference
22、to the day it was started, said the BBC. It became a major shopping day in 2009. The CEO of an online shopping siteAlibabatried to increase sales at the e-commerce company. The CEO, Daniel Zhang, launched an annual online sale on that day, said Fortune. When it first began, “Singles Day was very muc
23、h an offline comfort for actual single people, ” noted the website Atlas Obscura. A small group of students at Nanjing University are said to have chosen 11. 11 as a day that singles could do activities like karaoke together. It quickly became a cultural phenomenon. Last year, Alibaba sold more than
24、 $1 billion worth of products in the first three minutes of the sales, reported Bloomberg News. Total sales on Singles Day soared to $9 billion within 24 hours. Thats four times bigger than Cyber Monday in the U. S. , which is the Monday after Thanksgiving and traditionally a big shopping day. By co
25、mparison, online sales in the U. S. last year on Black Friday were just $1. 5 billion, reported TechCrunch. Today, Singles Day is very successful. Analysts say that this year, sales on Chinas Singles Day will increase to a new high. In the U. S. , Jennifer Wang, a co-founder of a company targeting C
26、hinese-Americans, said, “We expect to have 3 million people coming to click our site for the Singles Day launch. ” Some observers think Singles Day could catch on globally. 【文章大意】文章讲述“双11”成为世界销售量最多的购物节的过程和具体情况。5. How did the author introduce the topic of the passage? A. By describing a holiday. B. B
27、y asking a question. C. By making a list. D. By telling a story. 【解析】选B。 推理判断题。根据开头Whats the biggest online shopping day in the world? Not Valentines Day. Not Cyber Monday or Black Friday. 可知作者采用了提问题的方式引出文章的话题。因此选B。6. Whats the second paragraph mainly about? A. How Singles Day came into being. B. Wh
28、y Singles Day became popular. C. When Singles Day was started. D. Who first celebrated Singles Day. 【解析】选A。段落大意题。根据第二段Singles Day began as a day for unmarried or uncoupled people to celebrate their lives. Single students, looking for an excuse to buy themselves presents, started it on November 11, 1
29、993和下文的It is symbolized by the four number ones in the date of November 11 and is also called Double Eleven, in reference to the day it was started可知本段介绍的是“双11”节日的产生, 因此答案选A。7. Why did Chinas Singles Day become a major shopping day? A. Because singles celebrated their happy lives on November 11. B.
30、Because students at Nanjing University took part in activities together. C. Because an annual online sale was started on that day by Alibaba. D. Because single students chose that day to buy themselves gifts. 【解析】选C。 推理判断题。根据第二段可知在中国“双11”成为购物节是因为当天有网上促销活动。8. Which of the following can best replace t
31、he word “soared” in Paragraph 3? A. Increased sharply. B. Decreased quickly. C. Returned gradually. D. Appeared suddenly. 【解析】选A。 词义猜测题。画线单词所在句子的意思是“在双11当天总销售额在24小时内飙升到90亿美元”, 因此soared意思是“飙升, 骤然上升”, 和“Increased sharply”同义。. 阅读填句根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。Have you ever had a wonderful
32、 idea and thought it would make a great invention, but didnt know what to do next? 1 They will help you make your dreams come true and become a famous inventor. The first thing that you should do is do some research on the Internet to see if anyone else has invented it. If not, you should search thr
33、ough the U. S. Patent (专利) information to see if a patent was ever created for your type of invention. 2 The easiest thing to do is working with an agency(代理机构) that can help you to make your dreams a reality. It can help you present your ideas and get your product to the right companies. One agency
34、 that is very reputable (声誉好的) is “Lambert in Minnesota”. 3If they think your product is marketable (有销路的), they will help you to get it to the right company. Call the agency and make an appointment. You will want to bring in a model of your invention and a complete description of your ideas. 4Then
35、when you meet with them, you can present it and they will tell you how marketable it is. If they decide to help you, they will work to present it to different companies and help you to go to the next step. Once your invention has been sold to a large company, get ready to get the benefits of becomin
36、g the next great inventor. 5 But the benefits are worth the wait. A. It may take a year or two. B. If not, go to the next step. C. You will find something new on the Internet. D. You will be the next inventor. E. Write down exactly about your invention. F. Here are some steps that you can take. G. T
37、hey offer free advice for good ideas. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。很多人有好点子, 但是不知道如何把好点子变成伟大的发明, 文章对此提出了几点建议。1. 【解析】选F。根据本段第一句可知很多人有很棒的想法, 认为自己的想法会成为伟大的发明, 但是不知道该如何去做。横线句要把上下文串联起来, F项“Here are some steps that you can take. 下面是你可以采取的步骤。”承上启下。2. 【解析】选B。本段告诉我们首先要对自己的发明项目进行研究, 查看是否已经有人发明出类似的物品。如果没有, 查一下相关的专利情况。如果没有类似的
38、专利被申请, 那么你就可以继续做下一步工作。故B项“If not, go to the next step. ”符合上下文语境。3. 【解析】选G。根据前句One agency that is very reputable is “Lambert in Minnesota”. 可知“Lambert in Minnesota”是一家声誉非常好的代理机构。本句应该介绍这一机构的良好服务, 故G项“They offer free advice for good ideas. 他们会为好点子提供免费建议。”与之对应。4. 【解析】选E。根据前句可知你和代理机构联系好了以后, 你要带着模型以及对这个好点
39、子的叙述。最好是把你的想法确切地写下来, 然后与对方交流。故E项“Write down exactly about your invention. ”与上下文语境一致。5. 【解析】选A。此处表示: 如果你的发明被某一公司购买, 那么你只要等待发明给你带来的好处即可。虽然等待的时间可能会比较长, 但这样的等待是值得的。故A项“It may take a year or two. ”符合上下文语境。语法填空(2020眉山高二检测) One of the unforgettable cultural events to Chinese people in the year 2016 was pro
40、bably that the “24 Solar Terms”1. _ (recognize) as a World Intangible Cultural Heritage (世界非物质文化遗产). The “24 Solar Terms” is also known as the fifth great 2. _ (invent) of China, coming after paper-making, printing, gunpowder and compass. It shows 3. _ ancient wisdom of dividing time based on the su
41、ns position. Among the 24 terms, the “Start of Spring” “Start of Summer” “Start of Autumn” and “Start of Winter” divide a year into four seasons, each of 4. _is divided into six solar terms. In old days, they are important 5. _ (instruction) for the agricultural production as well as peoples daily l
42、ives. Even today, many farmers still rely 6. _ them to decide what they should do in the fields. From generation to generation, it appears that the “24 Solar Terms” has been a part of peoples life, but there is still a long way to go 7. _ (protect) the cultural heritage from disappearing. 8. _ (fort
43、unate), many young people have involved 9. _ (they) in giving new life to the ancient culture. So far, measures like taking photos, drawing pictures or 10. _ (write) essays about it have been adopted. It is only through our efforts that Chinese culture and Chinese history can have longer and stronge
44、r life. 【文章大意】本文是说明文, 介绍中国的24节气。1. 【解析】was recognized。考查被动语态。that后的表语从句中主语是the“24 Solar Terms”, 与后面的recognize 构成被动关系, 因此答案是was recognized。2. 【解析】invention。考查名词。the fifth great 后面应该用名词。因此答案为invention。3. 【解析】the。考查冠词。名词wisdom是特指, 用the。4. 【解析】which。考查关系代词。分析句子结构, 逗号后面是非限制性定语从句, 因此each of后面要用which, 答案是w
45、hich。5. 【解析】instructions。考查名词。形容词important后面应该用名词, instruction是可数名词, 用复数, 答案是instructions。6. 【解析】on。考查介词。rely on为固定搭配。答案是on。7. 【解析】to protect。考查不定式。不定式作目的状语。答案是to protect。8. 【解析】Fortunately。考查副词。在句首作状语, 答案是Fortunately。9. 【解析】themselves。考查反身代词。主语是young people, have involved的宾语应该是themselves。10. 【解析】writing。考查非谓语动词。taking photos, drawing pictures 和or后面的短语应该是并列结构, 因此答案是writing。