1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家Unit 4 单元加餐练.阅读理解When policy experts debate climate change solutions, they often talk about “a price on carbon”. They are arguing about whether companies should pay when they put carbon pollution in the air. But heres the secret that most people seem to be missing: There already is a
2、 price on carbon, and its paid by the taxpayers.Carbon pollution, like every other form of pollution, has an impact on the environment. Throwing waste into a river will cause the fish to die and the people who drink the water to get sick. And when you produce carbon pollution, you get climate change
3、 sea level rise, stronger storms, severe droughts, damage to agriculture, and more.All of those impacts cost money. Insurance rates go up when storms get more destructive. Taxes increase when cities have to rebuild bridges and roads. Military budgets go up when droughts and population changes cause
4、conflicts. Not to mention impacts on agriculture and health care costs.In other words, the price on carbon is what we all pay when there is no market force to limit the pollution that causes climate change. So the debate is really about who will pay that price the companies who are making a profit f
5、rom the fossil fuels, or the taxpayers who pick up the cost now.Right now, we have private profit and public cost. Its just like if we allowed every business to throw its garbage in the street because its too expensive to have it moved away properly. Does it add a little bit to your dinner check to
6、require that restaurants throw away their trash properly? Sure. But it would be more expensive for you if the city had to clean the streets of their garbage every day. So just like we put a “price on garbage” we need a “price on carbon pollution”. Now, a “price on carbon pollution” can mean a lot of
7、 things. You could tax companies based on the amount of carbon pollution they produce, and return the money to taxpayers. You could put a limit on how much they can produce, thereby requiring them to invest in ways to conduct business in a less polluting way.语篇解读：谁该为碳污染买单？是企业还是纳税者？实际上纳税者已经在为碳污染买单，这似
8、乎是人们忽视了的一个秘密。政策专家希望公司为碳污染买单。1What do the policy experts argue about carbon pollution?AWhether taxpayers could get profit from it.BWhether the companies should pay for it.CWho have the ability to change it.DHow much should be paid for it.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They are arguing about whether companies sho
9、uld pay”可知，政策专家讨论的是公司是否应为碳污染买单。2Whats the main idea of Paragraph 2?ASome other forms of pollution.BThe effects of carbon pollution.CThe signs of carbon pollution.DThe way to reduce carbon pollution.解析：选B段落大意题。第二段第一句“Carbon pollution, like every other form of pollution, has an impact on the environme
10、nt”为该段的主题句，所以该段主要讲碳污染的影响。3The author referred to restaurants in the passage mainly to _.Aprove every business doesnt perform its dutyBwarn readers to protect the environment aroundCexplain the damage of no policy on carbon pollutionDshow some restaurants throw away their trash randomly解析：选C推理判断题。由倒数
11、第二段中的“So just like we put a price on garbage we need a price on carbon pollution”可知，作者谈及饭店是为了说明没有有效政策来约束碳污染的危害。4According to the passage, what does the “price on carbon pollution” mean?ATelling the taxpayers to refuse to pay taxes on carbon pollution.BMaking the government invest to reduce carbon po
12、llution.CIncreasing prices of the products from companies.DTaxing companies on carbon pollution they produce.解析：选D推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段可知，作者建议向排放碳的公司征税，故D项正确。.阅读七选五Want to live in a perfectly clean environment and make it shine brightly? _1_ Then you will not need to purchase expensive cleaning product
13、s.Clean the toilet with Coke. Its amazing how powerful Coke might be as a toilet cleaner. _2_ Youll save your health by not consuming chemicals that Coke contains and save money by not purchasing professional cleaners. Pour some cola over the stains and leave it all for a few hours. Then let water w
14、ash the toilet!Remove water stains with orange peels. Youve just eaten an orange. _3_ Do not throw away those orange peels. You can use the skins to clean stainless steel. Your appliances will shine again after you rub (擦) them with the skins. The peels can easily make those stubborn stains disappea
15、r in a second.Use banana peels to polish leather furniture. Experts claim that banana peels are great for polishing leather sofas and armchairs. Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task. _4_ Afterwards, remove the leftover with a cloth. This trick is simple and cheap.
16、Use it if you want your leather furniture to look brand new again._5_ Why would you want to buy one when you can make your own product that is cheap and nontoxic (无毒的)? Just pour 2 liters of slightly warm water into a deep bowl. Then add 50ml white vinegar and half a teaspoon of dishwashing liquid.
17、Shake the bowl and then fill up a plastic spray with the mixture. Use it to clean windows and mirrors. Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny.AWait a minute!BMake your own glass cleaner.CFollow the steps given below.DOf course your answer is “yes”EThey leave no marks or scratches.FInstead of drink
18、ing it, use it to clean the toilet bowl.GThey are economical and safe to use on all of furniture.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。想生活在一个干净的生活环境中、让一切光洁发亮吗？那就按照以下步骤来做吧。无须购买昂贵的清洁用品，只需要一些小妙招。1选C根据空前的“Want to live in a perfectly clean environment and make it shine brightly？”和空后的“Then you will not need to purchase expensive
19、 cleaning products”以及接下来列举的几条小妙招可知，C项“跟着以下步骤做”能起到承上启下的作用。2选F本段讲的是用可乐清洁厕所，故F项“不是喝掉可乐，而是用之清洁马桶”符合语境。3选A根据下文中的“Do not throw away those orange peels”可知，吃了橘子后，稍等片刻，不要扔掉橘子皮，你可以用之清理不锈钢。所以选A。4选E根据上文中的“Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task”可知香蕉皮富含油脂，材质也非常适合擦拭皮质，不会留下污痕或划痕。所以选
20、E。5选B根据下文中的“you can make your own product that is cheap and nontoxic (无毒的) .”“Use it to clean windows and mirrors. Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny”可知，本段讲的是如何自制玻璃清洁剂，故B项符合语境。.完形填空Conservationists are breeding (饲养) lions in the Southern African nation of Zimbabwe. The wildlife experts hope to
21、 increase the lion population to keep the great cats from _1_.In some areas, lions and human beings are _2_ control of land. Researchers believe something must be done quickly to _3_ the animals.The African Lion and Environmental Research Trust (ALERT) has more than 100 _4_ in its breeding program.
22、Antelope Park Farm is one of two sites ALERT operates in Zimbabwe.Gary Jones heads the Antelope Park Farm. He says ALERT has become involved _5_ a sharp drop in the number of lions. His group believes this has been _6_ mainly by humans. There are more people moving to this area every year. The lions
23、 have _7_ land on which to live.Gary Jones says the decrease in the lion population affects the whole _8_. He adds that other African nations are also seeing the _9_ effects of this.There are countries, _10_ in central and north Africa, where the lion population has reached a(n) _11_ level. Burundi,
24、 a country of eastcentral Africa, for instance, does not have lions in its national parks. It _12_ wants to have lions reintroduced back into its national parks. The reason is that when you take the lion out of the equation (平衡), suddenly you get all _13_ things start happening with the balance of _
25、14_. For example, you get too many prey (猎物) species, like giraffes and zebras.The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization says _15_ animals are threatened when farmers try to _16_ their plants or animals.Rene Czudek works for the UN agency. He says his organization has _17_ a humanwildlife
26、 tool kit (成套工具) that some countries are using to reduce _18_ between humans and wildlife. “In fact, the tool kit is a kind of instrument that extension workers can use with the _19_ explain to them how wildlife behaves, and then show them what the risky behaviors are, and how they should _20_ their
27、 fields accordingly，” Mr. Czudek said.语篇解读：本文是说明文。生态保护者设法保护非洲的狮子。1A.disappearingBattackingCchanging Darriving解析：选A由上文的“increase the lion population”可推断，野生动物保护专家希望增加狮子的数量以防止狮子“消失(disappearing)”。2A.waiting for Bcheering forCcompeting for Dlooking for解析：选C在一些地方，狮子和人类正在“竞争(competing for)”对土地的控制。3A.train
28、 BobserveCcatch Dsave解析：选D由第四段中的“a sharp drop in the number of lions”可推断，研究人员认为必须尽快采取措施“拯救(save)”狮子。4A.giraffes BlionsCzebras Dantelopes解析：选B由文章开头的“breeding (饲养) lions”可知答案。5A.instead of Bbecause ofCin place of Din spite of解析：选B由于狮子数量骤减，所以ALERT要保护它们。故选because of。6A.known BstudiedCcaused Dprevented解析
29、：选C由下文的“There are more people moving to this area every year”可推断，狮子数量减少主要是人类“造成(caused)”的。7A.less BworseCmore Dbetter解析：选A由上文的“There are more people moving to this area every year”可推断，狮子赖以生存的土地减少了。故选less。8A.environment BbackgroundCindustry Dposition解析：选A由下段末的“you get too many prey (猎物)species, like
30、giraffes and zebras”可推断，狮子数量减少影响整个“自然环境(environment)”。9A.immediate BpossibleCmagical Ddisastrous解析：选D由下段可知，其他非洲国家也看到了狮子数量减少所带来的“灾难性的(disastrous)”影响。10A.usually BfinallyCgradually Dparticularly解析：选D参见下题解析。11A.acceptable BworryingCreasonable Dnecessary解析：选B在一些国家，“尤其(particularly)”是位于非洲中部和北部的国家，狮子数量已经达
31、到了“令人担忧的(worrying)”地步。12A.frequently BsimplyCnaturally Ddesperately解析：选D布隆迪“极度(desperately)”想将狮子再次引入到国家公园。13A.small BsimilarCstrange Dideal解析：选C由下文的“you get too many prey (猎物)species, like giraffes and zebras”可知，没有狮子会导致一系列“奇怪的(strange)”事情发生。14A.nature BbodyCpower Dtrade解析：选A由下文所举的猎物增多的例子可推断，此处是说“自然生
32、态平衡”。故选nature。15A.live BwildClarge Dtrapped解析：选B由下文的“when farmers try to _ their plants or animals”可推断，此处是说“野生的(wild)”动物受到威胁。16A.protect BmoveCuse Dimprove解析：选A农民设法“保护(protect)”他们的植物或动物。17A.put up with Bcaught up withCcome up with Dkept up with解析：选CRene Czudek所在的组织已经“创造出(come up with)”一套缓解人类和野生生物冲突的
33、工具。18A.pressure BdistanceCspeed Dconflict解析：选D由下文的“explain to them how wildlife behaves, and then show them what the risky behaviors are, and how .”可知，这套工具可以用来缓解人类和野生生物之间的“冲突(conflict)”。19A.farmers BworkersCgardeners Dexperts解析：选A由下文可知，这套工具是供推广人员向“农民(farmers)”宣传有关环保知识时使用的。20A.clear BwaterCfind Dplan
34、解析：选D上文多次提到狮子(或野生生物)和人类争夺土地，因此，要缓解二者之间的冲突就需要教育农民如何规划他们的土地。.语法填空Global warming refers to the fact that the Earths atmosphere is warming near _1_ (it) surface in other words, its getting hotter. Some scientists say it is human activity _2_ has caused global warming. However, there are other theories a
35、s well.One popular theory relates to the “greenhouse effect”. Gases that make up the atmosphere are similar to _3_ greenhouse because they allow sunlight _4_ (pass) through, and then trap much of the heat from _5_(escape). This naturally occurring phenomenon, _6_ is called greenhouse warming, keeps
36、the earths surface _7_ (warm) than it would be.While scientists agree that human produced compounds (化合物) like carbon dioxide and others are being released into the atmosphere, some argue its not clear how this results _8_ the changes in temperature.Global warming can _9_ (great) affect human life o
37、n many levels. Scientists have made great _10_ (contribute) to finding out how long the earth has been warming, at what rate it is warming, and what factors are causing it. These answers may better prepare people to handle its effects.语篇解读：全球气候变暖对人们的生活有很大的影响。而造成全球变暖的原因主要是人类活动。1its考查形容词性物主代词。设空处修饰sur
38、face，表示“它的”，故填its。2that考查强调句。say后的从句是强调句，被强调部分为human activity，故填that。3a考查不定冠词。greenhouse是可数名词，且在此表示泛指，故填a。4to pass考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。allow sb./sth. to do sth.意为“允许某人或某物做某事”。5escaping考查动词ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作from的宾语，且heat与escape之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填escaping。6which考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，且在从句中作主语，故填which。7warm
39、er考查形容词比较级。由设空处后的than可知，此处应用比较级，故填warmer。8in考查介词。result in意为“导致”。9greatly考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰affect，故填greatly。10contributions考查名词。make great contributions to (doing) sth.意为“为做出巨大贡献”。.应用文写作学校将出一期以“保护环境，创建和谐社会”为主题的墙报，请你就如何处理垃圾来保护环境写一篇80词左右的宣传稿件，稿件应包括以下内容：1城市垃圾的危害；2城市垃圾的处理方法：分类，回收利用，有害垃圾填埋，污水处理；3制定措施防止污染。参考词
40、汇：和谐社会a harmonious society参考范文：With the improvement of peoples living conditions, more and more rubbish is produced especially in cities. Too much rubbish will pollute our environment and do harm to our health. So it is important to deal with it properly.Here are some ways to deal with rubbish. Sort
41、 out different kinds and put in different dustbins. Some can be recycled, while harmful rubbish should be buried under the ground. Waste water should be cleaned and used again.In addition, we should make laws to prevent people throwing rubbish everywhere. Only in this way can we protect our environment and build a harmonious society.- 9 - 版权所有高考资源网