1、Section Lesson 4，Communication Workshop & Culture Corner1amount n数量2figure n数字，数目3admit vt承认，供认4occupy vt占用(空间、面积、时间等)5somehow adv以某种方式6whichever pron无论哪个7damage vt& n损害，损失8fare n票价，车费9construction n建筑；建筑物construct vt建造10physical adj身体的； 物质的physics n物理physicist n物理学家11addicted adj沉溺于的addict vt使上瘾12s
2、uit vt适合suitable adj合适的13frequent adj时常发生的frequently adv经常地1go_up上升2on_average平均；通常3be_addicted_to对上瘾4give_up放弃5pick_up接(人)6 get/be_stuck_in陷进中，困在中7compared_to/with与相比8so_what那又怎样1形容词作状语How often do we arrive at work or school stressed_out，tired_and_angry(极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒的)?2while 用作并列连词，表示对比On average，ab
3、out forty people travel in one bus, while_the_same_number(而同样数量) occupy thirtythree cars3强调句型：It is/wasthat/whoAlthough the motor car was invented in 1889 by a German man called Gottlieb Daimler，it_was_an_American_man_called_Henry_Ford_who(是一个叫作亨利福特的美国人) created the motor car as we know it today4现在分
4、词短语作结果状语Ford found a way to massproduce the motor car cheaply, making_it_possible_for_many_more_people_to_own_one(使得更多的人拥有一辆成为可能)Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text1What are the A10，the M11 and the M25?ACarsBRoadsCStations DCompanies2Whats the main idea of the pa
5、ssage?AAdvice about how to give up using carsBIntroduction of the traffic in Britain and the ways to deal withCSix easy ways to improve the environmentDThe effects the traffic has on people3What produce most of the carbon monoxide in the atmosphere in London?AFactories BPeopleCAnimals DCar engines答案
6、：13BBDThe Road to Destruction“This morning it took me forty minutes to get to work More road construction works on the A10！”“Oh really? It took me over an hour There was an accident on the M11”“Youre both lucky It took me two hours! You dont have to use the M25”How often have you heard these convers
7、ations? How often do we get stuck in traffic jams？ How often do we arrive at work or school stressed out， tired and angry？ For many people in Britain, the answer is every day But anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs of the motor carHere are some figures：In the last ten years, the
8、number of cars on the roads in Britain has gone up by 30%There are now 25 million cars in this countryOver three thousand people die every year in road accidents in BritainIn London, car engines produce 99% of all carbon monoxide in the atmosphereTwentyfive thousand deaths per year are caused by air
9、 pollutionSome types of cancer are related to traffic pollutionTraffic is one of the major causes of global warming and climate change The average global temperature is about 05 degrees centigrade higher than it was 100 years agoconstructionknstrkn n建筑；建筑物under construction在建设中；construct vt建设acciden
10、t n事故；by accident偶然地How often？每隔多久一次？get stuck in陷入中；be trapped in陷入中；be caught in陷入中traffic jam交通堵塞stressed out极度焦虑的；非常疲惫的此处是形容词短语作状语，说明主语的状态。motor mtadj机动车辆的 n马达；发动机此处是过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。figurefI n数字，数目the number of的数量；作主语时，谓语用单数；a number of许多；作主语时，谓语用复数形式。go up上升；go down下降by prep表示数量增加或减少的程度。engineen
11、dIn n发动机，引擎；engineer n工程师carbon monoxide一氧化碳atmosphere n大气；气氛perp adj每，每一be related to和有关；be connected with和有关cause n起因；cause and effect因果关系centigradesentIreId n摄氏(度)毁灭之路“今天早上我上班用了40分钟。A10有较多的道路在施工！”“真的吗？我用了1个多小时。M11发生了一场交通事故。”“你们都很幸运。我用了2个小时！你们不用非得走M25。”有多少次你们听到这样的对话？有多少次我们遇到堵车？有多少次我们极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒的到达办
12、公室或学校？对于许多英国人来说，答案是每天。但是比起汽车的实际代价，紧张和恼怒还是微不足道的。这儿有些数据：过去10年里，英国公路上行驶的汽车数量上升了30%。现在，这个国家有两千五百辆汽车。在英国，每年有3千多人死于交通意外。在伦敦，大气中99%的一氧化碳来自汽车发动机。每年有25的死亡原因是空气污染。一些癌症和交通污染有关。交通车辆是全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因。平均全球气温比100年前高大约05摄氏度。 We know that cars are bad for us So why do we carry on6 using our cars so much? We all make e
13、xcuses7：“The buses are terrible”“The trains are always late！”“I havent got time to walk”Im talking about myself, too I admit8: Im addicted9 to my car When I asked Jenny Trowe of Greenpeace for advice about how to give up:, she told me six things：1 Use your legs Over 25% of car journeys are under two
14、 milesshort journeys we could easily walk or cycle Leg power can save you money, keep you fit and help you live longer And regular;exercise cuts the risk of thirtythree cars?Sometimes it can take a little bit longer, but so what? You can relax on the bus or train, read a book, talk to someone, meet
15、the love of your lifewho knows?3 Think before you go Do you really have to go to that shopping centre on the other side ofA town? What aboutB the shops around the corner? Before you get intoC your car, think about whether you really need to make that journeyD4 Share cars If youve really got to use a
16、 car, share journeys withEsomeone else It is much cheaper and kinder to the environmentcarry on继续；carry out执行make excuses找借口admitdmIt vt承认，供认；admit doing sth承认做某事；be admitted into被接收addicteddIktId adj沉溺于的；be addicted to对上瘾give up放弃regular adj规则的，定期的；regularly adv定期地cut the risk of减少的风险on average平均；通
17、常occupykjpaI vt占用(空间、面积、时间等)；be occupied with/in (doing) sth忙于(做)某事此处while引导并列分句，意为：而So what？那又怎么样？What if？如果怎么样？on the other side of在的另一边What about？怎么样？get into进入；get into trouble陷入麻烦whether引导宾语从句。sharewith与分享我们知道汽车对我们有害。那我们为什么继续大量使用汽车？我们都在找借口：“公共汽车太可怕。”“火车总是晚点！”“我们没时间走路。”当然，我也在说我自己。我承认：我沉溺于汽车难以自拔。
18、我询问“绿色和平”组织的詹妮图博汉如何放弃汽车的建议时，她告诉我六件事情：1使用你的双腿。25%的汽车行程都在2英里之内短程我们可以不费力地步行或骑车。脚力可以省钱，保持健康，并使你长寿。而且经常锻炼减少一半得心脏病的风险。2使用公共交通工具。平均而言，一辆公交车大约可乘40人，而同样数量的人却要占用33辆小汽车。有时花的时间长了一点，但又怎么样呢？你可以在公共汽车或火车上休息、看书、聊天，遇到你生命中的挚爱谁知道呢？3出门之前想想。你真的非得去城市另一边的购物中心吗？街角的商店如何？上车之前，想想你是否真的必须出行。4分享汽车。如果你真的必须用汽车，和其他人一同出发。这样更便宜，而且更环保。
19、 5 Dont believe advertisements! Nearly a quarter ofF all the advertisements on TV are about cars You see an attractive man or woman driving a fast car through beautiful countrysideGIts not true! That new car wont make you more attractive And you wont be driving on an empty country road Youll be stuc
20、k in a traffic jam in a city or on a highwayH!6 Take actionIsomehowJ! We often think there is nothing we can do about the noise, pollution and danger of trafficK There is If your streets full of heavy traffic, talk to your neighbours about it Write to the papers Go to the city government Ask forL a
21、speed limit Ask for a pedestrian areaDo whichever of these things that suitM youN Dont just sit aroundO and complain!All quite simpleP, isnt it? Six easy ways to improve our environment Well, Im sorry I must finish this article Ive got to pick upQ my daughter from school at four oclock Then Ive got
22、to drive to Sainsburys to do the shopping After that I have to take my son to a party And tomorrow were drivingR over to see my mother The traffics going to be awful, but what can we do？a quarter of的四分之一此处是现在分词短语作宾补。see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事。highwayhaIweI n公路take action 采取行动somehowsmha adv以某种方式此处是省略
23、了引导词的定语从句，修饰nothing。ask for sth要某物suitsut vt适合；suitable adj适合的；be suitable for适合whicheverwItev pron无论哪个，此处引导宾语从句。sit around先坐着All quite simple是All is quite simple的省略结构。pick up接送此处是现在进行时表示将来动作。5别相信广告！电视上几乎四分之一的广告是有关汽车的。你看到一个魅力男人或女人开着一辆飞驰的汽车穿越美丽的乡间。那不是真的！那样的新车不会使你更有魅力。而你也不会在空旷的乡间小路上开车。你会在市里或高速公路上遇到塞车！
24、6开始行动吧！我们总认为对于噪音、污染和交通危险，我们什么也做不了。其实不然。如果你那条街交通拥堵，告诉你的邻居。给报纸写信。去市政府。要求速度限制。要求步行区域。做上述任何一件适合你的事情都可以。不要只是无所事事地抱怨！所有的事都十分简单，不是吗？六个简单的方法能改善我们的环境。哦，很抱歉我必须结束这篇文章了。4点我要去学校接我女儿。接着我要开车去塞恩斯伯里购物。然后，我要带我儿子去一个聚会。明天我们要开车去看我妈妈。交通会很糟糕，但我们能做什么呢？ amount n数量vt& vi合计；总计(教材P42)Amount of TV advertising电视广告的数量(1)a large a
25、mount of不可数名词谓语动词用单数large amounts of不可数名词谓语动词用复数大量的(2)in large/small amounts 大量地/少量地 It was obvious that the man made a large amount of money in California很显然，这个人在加利福尼亚州赚了一大笔钱。A large amount of medicine is(be) indeed needed in the earthquakehit area地震灾区确实需要大量的药品。Large amounts of money are_spent(spen
26、d) on the celebration大量的资金被花在庆祝活动上。 figure n数字，数目；图形；人物，身材，人影(教材P42)Here are some figures这儿有些数据一词多义写出下列句中figure的含义(1)As for my favourite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty人物(2)He went on to graduate from college and got a job, earning close to si
27、x figures数字(3)I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years体形(4)She was frightened to see a figure in the dark人影(5)I figure that he was drunk and shouldnt be allowed to drive认为figure out想出， 理解； 弄明白， 看透keep ones figure 保持身材 I cant figure out what it is that makes him so sad recently我琢磨不
28、透最近什么事让他情绪这么低落。 admit v承认，供认；准许进入，容许(教材P43)I admit：Im addicted to my car我承认：我沉溺于汽车难以自拔。(1)admit doing sth承认做了某事admit that 承认admit sb to/into 允许某人进入；接受某人为be admitted to/into 被允许进入(2)admission n 进入许可；接纳；入场券；承认 Joe is proud and stubborn, never admitting he is wrong乔伊傲慢固执，从来不承认他错了。After a long talk, the
29、 boy admitted breaking(break) the window在长谈之后，这个男孩承认打破了玻璃。The girl admitted that she had a hard time understanding the lecture这个女孩承认，费了很大劲才理解了这个讲座。The boy was_admitted(admit) into a key university last year这个男孩去年考入一所重点大学。Many students apply for admission(admit) to more than one university很多学生申请了不止一所
30、大学。 addicted adj沉溺于的(教材P43)I admit：Im addicted to my car我承认：我沉溺于汽车难以自拔。(1)be/get/become addicted to沉溺于(2)addict vt 使上瘾n 瘾君子addict oneself to 沉溺于(3)addiction n 瘾；入迷(4)addictive adj 使人上瘾的 She says shes unable to give up smoking; shes addicted她说她无法戒烟，她已经上瘾了。Some girls in our class are addicted to WeCha
31、t我们班的一些女生对微信很上瘾。After his wifes death, he addicted himself to alcohol在妻子死后，他沉溺于酗酒。His addiction(addict) to the Internet is taking over his life他对因特网的迷恋开始占据他的生活。These sleeping pills are not addictive(addict)这些安眠药不会使人上瘾的。 occupy vt占领；占据；占用(空间、面积、时间等)；占有；使忙碌；(使)全神贯注(教材P43)On average，about forty people
32、travel in one bus，while the same number occupy thirtythree cars平均而言，一辆公交车大约可乘40人，而同样数量的人却要占用33辆小汽车。(1)occupy oneself with sth使自己忙于某事occupy oneself in doing sth 使自己忙于做某事(2)occupied adj (人)无暇；忙碌；(物)在使用中；已占用；不空闲be occupied with sth 忙于某事be occupied in doing sth 忙于做某事(3)occupation n 职业 During the war，Ger
33、many occupied many countries，including France战争期间，德国占领了很多国家，包括法国。I need some way to occupy the kids for an hour我得想个办法让孩子们忙上一个小时。I occupied myself in writing(write) letters last night昨天晚上我在忙着写信。I cant meet you on SundayIll be otherwise occupied(occupy)星期天我不能见你。另外我将很忙。Please state your name，address，an
34、d occupation(occupy)请说出你的姓名、地址和职业。巧学活用一句多译她一整天忙于家务。(1)She occupied_herself_with housework all day(occupy)(2)She was_occupied_with housework all day(occupied)(3)She occupied_herself_in doing housework all day(occupy)(4)She was_occupied_in doing housework all day(occupied) suit vt适合(教材P43)Do whichever
35、 of these things that suit you做上述任何一件适合你的事情都可以。(1)suit sb(fine)(很)合某人的意；对某人(很)合适(2)suitable adj 合适的，适合的，适宜的be suitable to do sth/for sth适合做某事/某事 There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions他们也开发了不同种类来适应当地特殊的条件。If you want to go by bus，that suits me fine如果你想坐公共汽车走，那对我也合适。This
36、kind of accommodation is more_suitable(suit) for the longstay students这种宿舍更适合长期住校的学生。This diet is suitable for anyone who wants to lose weight fast这一食谱适合每一个希望迅速减肥的人。fit表示大小、形状、尺寸合适，引申为“吻合”、“协调”等suit强调款式、颜色等合适，还用于表示某时间、安排、条件、需要、口味、地位的合适match“与匹配”，强调一物与另一物相配，多指颜色、款式、风格等方面的搭配(go with)巧学活用选词填空(suit/matc
37、h/fit)(1)Her shoes match her dress；they look very well together(2)It is almost impossible to find a time that suits everybody(3)The colour of this pair of shoes suits me very well，but it doesnt fit me damage vt& n损害，损失(教材P44)A report last year also showed that air pollution from traffic is increasin
38、g and the old buildings in the town are getting destroyed and damaged去年的一份报告也显示，车辆造成的空气污染正在加剧，该镇的古建筑正在遭到破坏和损毁。(1)do/cause damage to对造成损害(2)damaging adj 损害性的 Damaged but not defeated, he was still ahead of me虽然受了伤却没有被打败，他仍然是领先于我的。The heavy rain has done damage to the crops这场大雨对庄稼造成了很大损害。The accident
39、caused damage to the health of the driver这次事故给驾驶者的健康带来了严重的损害。Smoking is damaging(damage) to your health吸烟有害健康。damage指对物体造成破坏，或对人的身体部位造成伤害hurt指对人造成的伤害，既可以指在精神上也可以指在身体上injure多指意外事故、地震、飓风等对人的身体造成的伤害，此时可和hurt通用。注意：不能说injure ones health，而要说damage ones healthwound多指受到枪、刀等武器的伤害巧学活用选词填空(damage/hurt/injure/w
40、ound)(1)Many buildings were damaged in the earthquake(2)The soldier was wounded in the battle(3)Some passengers were injured in the accident(4)I was deeply hurt by what he said go up (价格、气温等)上升，增加；升起；兴建(教材P42)In the last ten years，the number of cars on the roads in Britain has gone up by 30%过去10年里，英
41、国公路上行驶的汽车数量上升了30%。一词多义写出下列句中go up 的含义(1)The temperature has gone up上升(2)He believes food prices will go up in the future 上涨(3)New office buildings are going up everywhere兴建(4)They heard a loud explosion and saw a ball of fire go up腾空升起go after跟着，追赶；争取，谋求go away离开，走开；外出go by过去，经过go into从事，用在，用于，详细解释，
42、详细描述go with与相配go over复习，仔细考虑，仔细审查，重复某事go through经受，经过，经历If he is bothering you, tell him to go away如果他打扰你，让他走开。Last month went by so fast上个月过得真快。The exams are coming and youd better go over your lessons快要考试了，你最好复习一下功课。You cant imagine what he went through during the earthquake你无法想象他在地震中经历了什么。 on ave
43、rage 平均；通常(教材P43)On average，about forty people travel in one bus，while the same number occupy thirty-three cars平均而言，一辆公交车大约可乘40人，而同样数量的人却要占用33辆小汽车。(1)average adj平均的，普通的n平均数；平均水平vt数学计算的平均值(2)above (the) average在平均水准以上below (the) average在平均水准以下(3)average out达到的平均数 He is an average man Theres nothing s
44、pecial about him他是个普通人，并没有什么异乎常人的地方。On average, the study subjects check their phones 34 times a day在该研究中，被调查者平均每天检查手机34次。Temperatures were below(the) average this spring than those for the time of last year今年春天的平均气温低于去年此时的平均气温。Total contributions average out at over $1，000 a week所有的捐献平均每周1 000美元。 s
45、o what (口)那有什么了不起；那又怎样(对事情表示不关心或生气地告诉某人，某事与他无关)(教材P43)Sometimes it can take a little bit longer，but so what?有时花的时间长了一点，但又怎么样呢？What about？怎么样？What () for? ()为什么？What if? 如果怎么样？Whats up with? 怎么啦？ Your room looks a real mess，Tracy特蕾西，你的房间看起来凌乱不堪。So what?那又怎么样？What about going(go) out for a cup of coff
46、ee?出去喝杯咖啡怎么样？What did you hit him for that day?那天你为什么打他？What if the earth is ruined in 2020?要是2020年地球毁灭了怎么办？Whats up with Tom? Is he drunk or something?汤姆怎么啦？喝醉了还是怎么的？ (教材P42)How often do we arrive at work or school stressed out，tired and angry?有多少次我们极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒的到达办公室或学校？句中stressed out，tired and angr
47、y作状语，用来说明主语we的状态。tired为过去分词形式的形容词。形容词在句中作状语，其功能在于说明主语的特征或状态。可以作伴随、原因、让步状语。 Ripe，these apples are very sweet熟了时，这些苹果是很甜的。(表时间)Afraid_of_being_caught，the thief hid himself in the corner由于害怕被抓住，这个小偷藏在角落里。(表原因)The rabbit turned over, dead(die)这只兔子翻了个身，死了。(表结果)Helpless(help), we watched half a years food
48、 destroyed before us我们毫无办法，眼睁睁地看着半年的粮食在我们面前给毁掉了。(表伴随) (教材P43)On average，about forty people travel in one bus，while the same number occupy thirty-three cars平均而言，一辆公交车大约可乘40人，而同样数量的人却要占用33辆小汽车。(1)while 为并列连词，连接两个并列句，意为：而；表示对比。(2)while用作连词，引导状语从句，意为：当时候；在期间；虽然。 I like folk music while my sister likes p
49、opular music我喜欢民间音乐而我姐姐喜欢流行音乐。Someone called you while you were out你出去时有人给你打电话了。Some people waste food while others havent enough有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。Could you look after the children while I cook lunch?我做午饭时，你看孩子好吗？while作并列连词，表示转折、对比，意为“然而”，前后两句形成对照however副词，表转折，用于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与其前后的句子隔开but并列连词，表转折，意为“
50、但是”though从属连词或副词，though作副词时，意为“可是，不过，然而”，常用于句末；作从属连词，置于主句后(and yet)yet意为“但是”，有时连接两个形容词，意为“却”巧学活用选词填空(yet/while/but/though/however)(1)She is good at maths while her sister is good at English(2)Id like to go with you However,_my hands are full(3)Hes an intelligent but not very hardworking boy(4)Ive a
51、bit of cold Its nothing much serious though(5)Its strange，and yet it is true (教材P46)Before 1908, when Fords cars became available to the public, it was only the very rich who could afford to own a car1908年福特汽车问世之前，只有非常有钱的人才能买得起汽车。(1)本句中的it was only the very rich who could afford to own a car是强调句型， 强
52、调了主语。(2)强调句的陈述句式为：It is/was被强调部分that/who；强调主语且主语为人时，可用that/who；强调其他成分一律用that。(3)原句中谓语动词是过去式，则用It wasthat；原句中谓语动词是现在式或将来式时，则用It isthat(4)强调句的一般疑问句为：Is/Was itthat/who?(5)对notuntil结构中由until引导的短语或从句进行强调时，用It is/was not untilthat句型；that从句中的谓语动词用肯定形式。 It was I who/that met an old friend of my fathers in t
53、he street yesterday是我昨天在街上碰到了我父亲的一位老朋友。It was yesterday that I met an old friend of my fathers in the street我是昨天在街上遇到了我父亲的一位老朋友。Was it on Facebook that she learned the new word?她是在脸谱网站上学会这个新词的吗？It was not until he came back that his father went to bed直到他回来，他父亲才去睡觉。巧学活用单句改错(1)It were the twins that h
54、elped the old man a lot that yearwerewas(2)It was in the hall where I knocked into a strangerwherethat(3)It was until the fish died that he realized the truthuntil前加not 品句填词1I _(承认) that due to lack of experience I have made some mistakes答案：admit2From now on, our major projects will be redirected to
55、 the housing _(建设)答案：construction3The sewing machine will soon _(占领) about 50% of the world market答案：occupy4The _(数字) above shows our achievements in economy答案：figure5Average consumers have very high expectations about search _(引擎)答案：engines6The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously _(破坏) point答案：da
56、maged7There is _(无处) to park in the centre答案：nowhere8My girlfriend writes _(频繁的) letters to me答案：frequent9Because he is _(上瘾的) to computer games，he doesnt want to go to school答案：addicted10The death of the president _(使震惊) the whole country答案：shocked 单句改错1Large amounts of water was poured into this r
57、iver_答案：waswere2The young man admitted stole some money from this shop_答案：stolestealing3Why was her son addicted to chat on the Internet last year？_答案：chatchatting4Occupied himself with his research, he often forgot his meals_答案：OccupiedOccupying5He said that this coat wouldnt be suit for that party
58、_答案：suitsuitable 完成句子1他回到家里，累坏了但是很高兴。He arrived home, _答案：tired and happy2总之，虽然前途是光明的，但是道路是曲折的。In a word, _ the future is bright，the road has twists and turns答案：while3直到午夜他才下班回家。_ not until midnight _ he came back home from work答案：It was；that4正因为这本书对我的工作很有用，我才买它。It is _ that I bought it答案：because th
59、e book is so useful for my work5他昨天是在电视上看到王先生的。_ he saw MrWang yesterday答案：It was on TV that 课文语篇改错To reduce pollution, we should try not to carry on use our cars so much A woman told me six easy way to improve our environment: Use your legs to save your money and keep you fit Try to use public tran
60、sport Before get into your car, think about whether it is necessary It is kinder to the environment share journeys with others You can be stuck in a traffic jam in a city and on a highway Take action somehow！If your streets full with heavy traffic，talk to your neighbours about it Write to the papers
61、, and so on Do whichever of these things that suits you Im sorry I must to finish this article Ive got such many things to do! A traffics going to be awful，but what can we do?答案：To reduce pollution, we should try not to carry on our cars so much A woman told me six easy to improve our environment: U
62、se your legs to save your money and keep you fit Try to use public transport Before into your car, think about whether it is necessary It is kinder to the environment share journeys with others You can be stuck in a traffic jam in a city on a highway Take action somehow！If your streets full heavy tr
63、affic，talk to your neighbours about it Write to the papers, and so on Do whichever of these things that you Im sorry I must finish this article Ive got many things to do! traffics going to be awful，but what can we do?A卷 单句语法填空1It was what he said _ surprised me答案：that2_ I admit that there are proble
64、ms，I dont agree that they cannot be solved答案：While3The little girl arrived home with his brother, _(safely)答案：safe4Okay, _ what if I do not want to give up on her?答案：so5_ average, $15 worth of goods is stolen every day答案：On6Inflation(通货膨胀) may be rising If (it is) so, prices will go _答案：up7_(compare
65、) with a mountain, the rock is microscopic(微小的)答案：Compared8We were _(stick) in a traffic jam for an hour答案：stuck9This is a _(suit) moment to ask for the afternoon off答案：suitable10Workmen were _(occupy) in pulling down the house答案：occupied 阅读理解Parents who smoke often open a window or turn on a fan to
66、 clear the air of secondhand smoke, but experts now have found another smokingrelated threat(威胁) to childrens health：thirdhand smokeThats the expression which is used to describe the invisible(看不见的) yet poisonous(有毒的) gases that stick to smokers hair and clothing and other things in the room These g
67、ases stay long after smoke has been cleared from the room Young children can get them on their hands, especially if theyre playing on the floor“Everyone knows that secondhand smoke is bad, but they dont know about this，”said Dr Jonathan PWinickoff, the lead author of the study at Harvard Medical Sch
68、ool“When their kids are out of the house, they might smoke Or they smoke in the car They think its okay because the secondhand smoke isnt getting to their kids，”Dr Winickoff continued“We needed an expression to describe these poisons that cant be seen”Thirdhand smoke is what one smells when a smoker
69、 gets in an elevator after going outside for a cigarette, or in a hotel room where people smoked“Your nose isnt lying，”he said“The smell is so bad that your brain is telling you, Get away”But far fewer people realized the risks of thirdhand smoke Since the expression is so new, the researchers asked
70、 people if they agreed with the statement that “breathing air in a room today where people smoked yesterday can harm the health of children”Only 65 percent of nonsmokers and 43 percent of smokers agreed with that statement“The central message here is that simply closing the kitchen door to take a sm
71、oke is not protecting the kids from the effects of that smoke，”said another doctor“There are substances in the thirdhand smoke, and they are a cancer risk for anybody of any age who comes close to them”The fact that thirdhand smoke is harmful will most probably lead to a strict smoking ban at home【解
72、题导语】本文通过一项研究说明了人们陌生而又熟悉的三手烟对儿童的影响。1Youre experiencing thirdhand smoke if you _Asmell something strange in a hotel roomBlive in a house which a smoker will move inCenter a kitchen whose door was closed by a smokerDstay in an office where someone smoked last nightD解析：细节理解题。根据第二、五段可知，三手烟(thirdhand smok
73、e)指的是长期残留在吸烟者衣服上、头发上以及周围环境中的有害香烟气体和微小颗粒，这些东西依旧散发气味，而且对接触者及同一环境中的人产生危害。2What do Dr Winickoffs words in Paragraph 5 mean?AIf people smoked in a room, you can tell itBYour nose sometimes gives wrong informationCIf you want to smoke, your nose will warn youDSometimes your brain can tell liesA解析：推理判断题。根据
74、第五段可知，当吸过烟的人进入你所在的电梯，或你所在的宾馆房间有人吸过烟时，你就会闻到烟味。即你的鼻子不会欺骗你。这时，你就应该远离这样的环境。3From the passage, we learn that _Athe substances in thirdhand smoke are sure to cause cancerBmost people know the bad sides of thirdhand smokeCthirdhand smoke is worse than secondhand smokeDsmoking may not be allowed at home at
75、allD解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，三手烟与二手烟一样，对健康有害。因此，要远离吸烟带来的危害，可能就要在家里完全禁止吸烟了。4The main idea of the passage is _Atelling people ways to keep healthyBtelling people secondhand smoke is harmfulCtelling people whats thirdhand smoke and its harmDgiving reasons why people should have a smoking banC解析：主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了什
76、么是三手烟及其危害，故答案为C项。 完形填空From age eight to eleven, I attended a small school in our village It was made up of four _1_with about 25 children in each class according to age Most of the time, one teacher was responsible for _2_ all subjects However, the headmaster would _3_ come into the only classroom a
77、nd gave lessons _4_ the teacher if he had asked for leave It seemed that there was no subject he was not good at _5_ he could give us lessons on all the subjects The headmasters name was Ronald Broackes He was a large fat man born with optimism Although he was quite _6_ about rules within the school
78、, all the students there _7_ him as he was humorous(幽默的) and would make them _8_ by telling small stories He paid much attention to developing students personal interest and had a great_9_on many of the children In my own case, he _10_ that I enjoyed working on puzzles(难题) He would often _11_ me on
79、my way to class and take a piece of paper out of his pocket, with a puzzle already on it The puzzles were usually mathematical or logical As time went on, they gradually got more _12_， but I enjoyed them Not only that, he helped me develop a(n)_13_ of mathematics and problemsolving that _14_ stays w
80、ith me to this day Today I can remember Mr Broackes excited _15_ of “Well done! ”whenever I got a problem _16_ Or he would smile cunningly(狡黠地) when I_17_to work them out The time spent with him has a deep influence on my life indeedI always feel I was _18_ enough to have met him then I had been_19_
81、Mr Broackes in the next years as I needed his _20_ face to face He died in 1993 I will admire and respect him forever 【解题导语】理查德罗伯茨， 英国生物化学家， 因发现断裂基因获1993年诺贝尔医学奖。本篇文章中他回忆了对他一生都有着深刻影响的一位老师。1 Ahouses BclassesCareas DsubjectsB解析：由此空后的“with about 25 children in each class according to age”可知， 此处是说 “我”的学校
82、很小， 只有四个班级。2 Adiscussing BpreparingCstudying DteachingD解析：学校很小， 通常一位老师负责“教”所有的科目。3Asuddenly BfinallyCsometimes DslowlyC解析：由上文可知， 大多数时候都是一位老师负责教所有的科目， 由本句话的“However”可知此处是转折， 也就是说校长偶尔也会来教课。4Ain memory of Bin place ofCin honor of Dwith the help ofB解析：由下文“if he had asked for leave”可知，在老师请假的时候校长会代替他讲课。5A
83、as BthoughCor DbutA解析：由语境可知， 此处是解释“It seemed that there was no subject he was not good at”。6 Aconcerned BcarelessCstrict DannoyedC解析：作为校长， MrBroackes在学校纪律上的要求非常严格。7Athanked BdislikedCrespected DwelcomedD解析：上文说校长很严厉， 按理说孩子们是不大喜欢这样的校长(老师)的， 但由转折词“Although”可知， 此处是说尽管他很严厉， 但还是很受学生们欢迎。8 Alaugh BthinkCsle
84、ep DspeakA解析：此处解释的是为什么学生喜欢他， 由此空前的“humorous(幽默的)”可知， 此处是说他很幽默， 经常讲小故事逗学生们开心。9 Apity BinfluenceCgoal DprideB解析：由下文“The time spent with him has a deep influence on my life indeed”可知， 此处是说他很注重培养学生的个人兴趣， 对很多学生都有深刻的影响。10Adiscovered BdoubtedChoped DguessedA解析：上文说他很注重培养学生的个人兴趣， 只有他发现“我”喜欢做难题， 才会有下文的他给“我”难题
85、纸条。11 Abother BstopCsurprise DquestionB解析：由文章情境可知， 校长总是在“我”去上课的路上拦住“我”，从口袋里掏出一张写好难题的纸条给“我”。12Ainteresting BtroublesomeCcommon DdifficultD解析：由but可知puzzles越来越难， 而不是越有趣。13 Alove BhabitCchance DunderstandingA解析：由文章情境可知， 此处是说校长培养了“我”对解决难题的钟爱。14Ahardly BseldomCstill DnearlyC解析：现在“我”还保持着对解决难题的钟爱。15Aexplana
86、tions BshoutsCdescriptions DsignsB解析：现在“我”还能够记得每次在“我”成功地解决一道难题后校长兴奋的喊声。16Asolved BraisedCdesigned DreviewedA解析：solve解决。17Arefused BdecidedCagreed DfailedD解析：并不是每一道难题“我”都能成功地解决， 当“我”失败时， 他会狡黠地笑。18Alucky BregretfulCsatisfied DsuccessfulA解析：校长培养了“我”的个人兴趣， 对“我”一生都有着深刻的影响， “我”认为能遇见他“我”很幸运。19Acalling Bhel
87、pingCvisiting DmissingC解析：离开学校后， “我”也一直拜访他。20 Apraise BcareCgreetings DguidanceD解析：“我”拜访校长是因为“我”需要他面对面的指导。B卷 阅读理解AMy friend BJ Gallagher told me a great story recently, about her own experience with resentment(愤恨) She once worked as the training manager for a large newspaper, where she found the cor
88、porate culture extremely frustrating The company was a hundred years old and their past success had blinded them to the need for change Finally, after butting_heads_with several senior executives(主管) many times, she left the company But she found that she hadnt left her resentment, frustration, and
89、anger behind when she resigned“I finally decided to write about my experiences and my feelings at the newspaper I wanted to be rid of that company and those people, once and for all So I wrote and I wrote It wasnt just a story that poured out; it was a whole book! We called it A Peacock in the Land
90、of Penguins I was the peacock and those newspaper executives were the penguins”“It took me several more years to finally get over my negative emotions Through a lot of soulsearching and reflection, I finally was able to let go of my resentment I came to see that there was nothing personal in the way
91、 they treated me, and they were good people doing what they thought best for the company I was the one who had made it personal I thought they were making my life miserable on purpose”“Finally, the time came when I decided to make amends(弥补) for the sharp, angry things I had said about the company I
92、 invited my former boss to dinner and made my apology It was a great healing process for me I finally felt free of the resentment that had been eating me up”“What was the final outcome？” I asked her“Gratitude，” she replied “Not only wasnt I resentful any more, I was grateful to the company If I hadn
93、t had those painful experiences, I would never have written a book And the book became hugely successfulnow published in 21 languages; it transformed my business”【解题导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。BJ Gallagher因为对公司不满离开公司，把痛苦的经历写成书，获得巨大成功。这时才意识到，没有磨难就没有成功。1What made BJ Gallagher frustrated in the company?AUnfair treatm
94、ent by the senior executivesBThe culture and tradition of the companyCThe strict rules in the companyDHer low position in the companyB解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中she found the corporate culture extremely frustrating她发现公司的合作文化非常令人沮丧。故选B。2Why did BJ Gallagher write about her experiences and feelings at the comp
95、any?ATo make peace with the executivesBTo make suggestions to the companyCTo do soulsearching and reflectionDTo express her angerD解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句But she found that she hadnt left her resentment, frustration, and anger behind when she resigned和第二段前两句，但是她发现当她辞职的时候她没有摆脱她的愤怒、沮丧和生气。所以她决定写下这些经历，来借此摆脱她的
96、负面情绪。故选D。3What does the underlined part “butting_heads_with” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?AMaking friends withBWorking withCArguing with DSpending time withC解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中she left the company她离开了公司，可推知“她和主管争辩了几次之后”，从这里可知道划线部分的意思应该是：和某人争辩。故选C。4BJ Gallagher finally felt grateful to the company becaus
97、e _Ashe was forgiven by her former executivesBshe was accepted by the company againCher painful experiences there were valuable for herDshe learned how to forgive othersC解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中If I hadnt had those painful experiences, I would never have written a book可知，如果没有我那些痛苦的经历，我就不会写成一本书。故选C。B“Wash yo
98、ur hands！”How many times have you heard that from your parents? You might think theyre just complaining you, but actually the most important thing you can do to keep from getting sick is to wash your handsAccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, if you dont wash your hands often,
99、 you can pick up germs from other sources and then make yourself sick Youre at risk every time you touch your eyes, nose, or mouth In fact, one of the most common ways people catch colds is by rubbing their noses or their eyes after the cold virus has gotten on their handsIf people dont wash their h
100、ands often (in particular when theyre sick), they can spread germs directly to other people or onto surfaces that others touch And before they know it, everyone around them is coming_down with something!Think about all of the things that you touched todayfrom the telephone to the toilet Maybe you bl
101、ew your nose and played with your dog Whatever you did, you came into contact with germs So its easy for germs on your hand to end up in your mouthBy washing your hands often in the right way, youll wash away germssuch as bacteria and viruses that you have picked up from other people, through pollut
102、ed water, food and surfaces, or from animals and animal wastesDo you know that 1 out of 5 people dont wash their hands after using the restroom? Students dont wash their hands often or well In one study, only 58% of female and 48% of male middle school and high school students washed their hands aft
103、er using the bathroomRemember, washing your hands often is the key to preventing the spread of many common illnesses【解题导语】本文介绍了洗手的重要性。洗手能预防感冒，因为细菌无处不在。正确洗手是防止常见病传播的重要方法。5What can we learn from the passage?ASome parents are always complaining childrenBWe will catch colds if we rub our noses oftenCIf
104、we can wash our hands often, we will never get sickDIt is easy for us to catch colds if we get the cold virus on our handsD解析：细节理解题。根据文中第二段的In fact, one of the most common ways people catch colds is by rubbing their noses or their eyes after the cold virus has gotten on their hands可知，手上有细菌，很容易感冒。6Wh
105、at does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?AFalling to the groundBSeeing you with giftsCGetting an illnessDLeaving you aloneC解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段可知，不常洗手会传播细菌，在意识到之前，周围的人就开始得病了。故选C项。7Which of the following isnt mentioned in the passage?AHow people catch coldsBThe right way to wash handsCHow t
106、o keep from getting sickDGerms are everywhereB解析：细节理解题。文中介绍了不洗手易得感冒；细菌无处不在；怎样通过洗手来避免常见病的传播；但是没有介绍洗手的正确方法。故选B项。 语法填空This story is about a warmhearted bus driver, who is a very kind person I think its a story 1_is well worth sharingOne day, I 2_(ride) on a bus as usual This bus driver was on duty that
107、 day Hes very different 3_others He would always have a smile on his face while driving He would always say “hello”， and whenever a person was leaving the bus, hed tell him 4_(have) a nice dayThat day it happened to be raining 5_(heavy) and I was sitting near the front row The bus driver asked me if
108、 I had a long way to go, and offered to lend me 6_umbrellaI was moved after 7_(hear) what he saidI told him I didnt need it for the short path I took Soon before I left, another woman also entered and 8_(ask) the same question by the driver I saw that she accepted his 9_(kind)So, yeah, its very nice
109、 to know there are such warmhearted people out there I told this story to my friends, and they were really 10_(surprise) that there are such kind people out there【解题导语】作者讲述了一位好心司机的故事。1 that/which解析：考查引导词。先行词为story，故用that或which引导定语从句。2rode解析：考查动词时态。根据前面的时间状语One day可知，此处表示过去的动作，故用ride的过去式rode。3from解析：
110、考查介词。be different from意为“与不一样”。4to have解析：考查非谓语动词。tell sbto do sth 意为“告诉某人去做某事”。5heavily解析：考查副词。修饰谓语动词be raining要用heavy的副词形式。6an解析：考查冠词。umbrella是第一次提到的单数可数名词，且是以元音音节开头的，故用an修饰。7hearing解析：考查非谓语动词。此处after为介词，介词之后用动词的ing形式。8was asked解析：考查动词的时态和语态。another woman与ask之间是被动关系，且这是发生在过去的事，故要用一般过去时的被动语态。9kindn
111、ess解析：考查名词。根据语境可知句意为：我看到她接受了他的好意。10surprised解析：考查形容词。此处用形容词作表语，意为“感到吃惊的”。 短文改错Last summer I went to London for my holiday I spent just a week there While I was staying there I visit many places of interest and had lots of friendly talk with all kinds of people I found a very interested thing there O
112、ne of my Chinese friends have been living in London and she told us that many English families dont like to buy new television sets They can lend TV sets in many shops there The shops are often filled with a great many of people There they can borrow a set very easy, and it costs them only little Th
113、en it can be taken home or used for a long time答案：Last summer I went to London for my holiday I spent just a week there While I was staying there I many places of interest and had lots of friendly with all kinds of people I found a very thing there One of my Chinese friends been living in London and she told that many English families dont like to buy new television sets They can TV sets in many shops there The shops are often filled with a great many people There they can borrow a set very ， and it costs them only little Then it can be taken home used for a long time