1、Unit 2Cloning课时作业.阅读A(2020大同市高三学情调研测试试题)China has become the first country to clone a monkey using nonreproductive cells, reducing the need to keep lab monkeys and paving the way for more accurate, effective, and affordable animal tests for new drugs.By December of 2017, Chinese scientists had creat
2、ed two clone macaques named “Zhong Zhong” and “Hua Hua” by nuclear transfer of somatic cellsany cell in the organism other than reproductive cells. This was the similar technology used to create the famous clone sheep Dolly in 1996.“Cloning a monkey using somatic cells has been a worldclass challeng
3、e because it is a primate (灵长类) that shares its genetic makeup with humans.” Pu Muming said.“For drug and other lab tests, scientists have to purchase monkeys from all over the world, which is costly, bad for the environment and produces inaccurate results because each monkey might have different ge
4、nes，” Pu said.“By cloning monkeys using somatic cells, we can produce large numbers of genetically identical (相同的) offspring in a short time, and even change their genes to suit our needs，” he added. “This can save time, cut down experiment costs, and produce more accurate results, leading to more e
5、ffective medicine.”“This achievement will help China lead the world research in an international science project related to neural (神经的) mapping of primate brains，” he said. “However, biology labs from the United States, Japan, and European countries are also very able, and they will quickly catch u
6、p with China after the monkey cloning technology is made public，” Sun Qiang added. “This means we have to innovate continuously and work extra hard this year to stay ahead，” he said.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。中国科学家使用非生殖细胞成功地克隆了猴子，成为世界上第一个使用非生殖细胞克隆灵长类动物的国家。这项科研成果为更准确、更有效、更经济的新药动物试验铺平了道路。1What is special about Chi
7、nas cloning monkey?AIt transferred cells in the lab.BIt creates two monkeys at a time.CIt adopts a method of embryo splitting.DIt uses nonreproductive cells.答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“China has become the first country to clone a monkey using nonreproductive cells”可知，中国克隆猴的特别之处在于其使用了非生殖细胞，故D项正确。2Why do scien
8、tists clone monkeys?ATo keep monkeys from being endangered.BTo test new medicines on them.CTo find the side effects of medicines.DTo find a cure for mental diseases.答案：B推理判断题。根据第四段的内容以及第五段最后一句可知，使用克隆猴可以节约时间，缩减实验费用，产生更精确的结果，进而生产更有效的药物。据此可推知，科学家克隆猴子是为了在它们身上试用新药，故B项正确。3What Sun said in the last paragra
9、ph suggests _.Athey are determined to catch up with AmericaBthey try to avoid competition from other countriesCthey arent satisfied with what they have achievedDthey have to keep the monkey cloning technology a secret答案：C推理判断题。根据本文末句Sun说的话可知，Sun认为，他们必须不断创新，格外努力工作，以保持技术的先进性。据此可推知，他们并不满足于已取得的成就，故C项正确。
10、【词汇积累】worldclass adj. 世界第一流水平的offspring n. 幼崽；后代innovate v. 创新；改革genetic makeup 基因组成【长难句分析】China has become the first country to clone a monkey using nonreproductive cells, reducing the need to keep lab monkeys and paving the way for more accurate, effective, and affordable animal tests for new drug
11、s.中国成为世界上第一个使用非生产性细胞克隆猴子的国家，减少了对实验室猴子的饲养需求，为更准确、更有效、更经济的新药动物实验铺平了道路。分析：这是一个简单句。to clone a money为不定式作后置定语修饰country，using nonproductive cells为现在分词短语作方式状语， reducing the need to keep lab monkeys and paving the way for more accurate, effective, and affordable animal tests for new drugs为现在分词短语作结果状语。BA rec
12、ent announcement by scientists that they have successfully cloned the first human embryo (胚胎) has caused much debate and has shocked many people around the world. On the one hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce valuable tissues and organs that could be used to
13、 save human lives. On the other hand, many people, including some scientists, disagree and fear that if mankind interferes with nature in this way, they may be on their way to producing a reallife Frankensteins monster.Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. The f
14、irst mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dollythe sheep. She was born in 1996 and died in early 2003, at a much younger age than normal. When she was born, many people were angry because they thought cloning would create more diseases in the animal world. However, in general the
15、scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific breakthrough.The Scottish scientist who created Dolly, Ian Wilmut, thinks research efforts should concentrate on creating new tissues and organs that could eventually be used to cure diseases like cancer. However, some people consider that cloni
16、ng human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life.While cloning human embryos is illegal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research so as to deliver a cloned human baby. Severino Antinori, an Italian doctor, is one of the leaders i
17、n this kind of research.In China, scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals, as well as stem cells to be used in medical research. China has succeeded in producing clones of cows and goats, and continues to research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们对于克隆
18、人体胚胎的不同看法，以及克隆技术在其他国家的不同发展情况。4What can we learn about cloning according to the passage?ACloning technology can only be applied to animals.BA cloned animal can live longer than a normal one.CPeople all over the world are happy about the birth of Dolly.DCloning can produce valuable tissues and organs
19、to cure human diseases.答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce valuable tissues (组织) and organs that could be used to save human lives”和第三段首句可知，克隆技术可以生产有价值的组织和器官用以治愈人类疾病。故选D项。根据第二段首句可知A项错误；从第二段Dolly的例子可知克隆的动物不如正常的动物寿命长，故B项错误；C项与原文第二段的第四句话相悖。5The re
20、asons why people are anticloning include the following EXCEPT that _.Acloning may produce a reallife Frankensteins monsterBcloning might create more diseases in the animal worldCcloning cant help those who want to clone their dead childrenDcloning human embryos shows no respect for human life答案：C细节理
21、解题。根据文中第一段第三句中的“they may be on their way to producing a reallife Frankensteins monster”提到克隆技术可能会产生出失控的怪物；第二段第四句“When she was born, many people were angry because they thought cloning would create more diseases in the animal world.”提到克隆动物可能会带来病毒；第三段最后一句“However, some people consider that cloning huma
22、n embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life.”提到克隆人类胚胎是对人类生命的不尊重。文中未提及C项，故选C。6What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?AIf we interfere with nature, we will change the world to be what we want.BIt is impossible to clone babies for women who cannot have one
23、s.CCloning human beings is illegal in many countries, so no scientists want to do so.DWhether cloning human embryos is legal or not remains a matter of debate.答案：D推理判断题。通过倒数第二段第一句“While cloning human embryos is illegal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research so as
24、to deliver a cloned human baby.”可知，虽然克隆人体胚胎在很多国家还不被认可，但是有些科学家已经开始了这方面的研究。由此可推断出，对于克隆人体胚胎是否合法现在还是一个存在争议的问题。故选D。7Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?ADollyA Brave Try of Using CloningBThe Cloning Development in ChinaCCloningA Perfect CopyDThe Bad Effects of Cloning答案：C标题判断题。根
25、据全文可知，本文介绍了人们对于克隆人体胚胎的不同看法，以及克隆技术在其他国家的不同发展情况。A.重点讲多利羊；B.克隆技术在中国的发展；D.克隆技术的不良影响，这三项都只是文章中的部分内容。故选C。【词汇积累】tissue n. (人、动植物细胞的)组织breakthrough n. 重大进展；突破with the intention of 为了；打算【长难句分析】While cloning human embryos is illegal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research so
26、 as to deliver a cloned human baby.虽然克隆人体胚胎在许多国家都是非法的，但一些科学家已经在推进研究，以便生产出克隆的人类婴儿。分析：此句是主从复合句。While cloning human embryos is illegal in many countries是让步状语从句，cloning human embryos是动名词作主语；some scientists are already pushing ahead with research so as to deliver a cloned human baby是主句，其中so as to deliver
27、 a cloned human baby是不定式短语作目的状语。CGene technology is a kind of science focusing on the research of human genes, which is drawing more and more attention now.The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer an
28、d heart disease. Every year, millions of people are murdered by these_two_killers. And to date, doctors have not found an effective way to cure them. But if the gene technology is applied, not only can these two diseases be cured completely, but also the great amount of money people spend on curing
29、their diseases can be saved, therefore it benefits the economy as well. In addition, human lifespan can be prolonged.Gene technology can help people to give birth to more healthy and clever children. Some families, with the English royal family being a good example, have hereditary (遗传性的) diseases.
30、This means their children will for sure have the family disease, which is a great trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases. But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly. Scientists just need to find the wrong gene and correct it, and a healt
31、hy child will be born.Some people are worrying that the gene research can be used to produce human beings in large quantities. But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities, for most couples in the world can have their babies in a very normal way. Of course, the governments must
32、take care to control gene technology.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基因技术在现实社会中的应用，比如人们可以利用它来治疗癌症和心脏病等；可以节省大量的钱财，有益于经济；同时还可以使得人类长寿；并且它还可以治疗一些遗传病等。8What does “these two killers” in the second paragraph refer to?AHereditary diseases and cancer.BThe two murderers who killed the cloned baby.CThe two diseases of ca
33、ncer and heart disease.DGene technology and another treatment of the two diseases.答案：C指代判断题。根据第二段第一句中的“such as cancer and heart disease”可知，这两大杀手指的是癌症和心脏病，故选C。9Whats the main idea of the third paragraph?AGene technology can help people to give birth to a baby.BGene technology can be used to clone hum
34、an babies.CGene technology can be used to treat hereditary diseases.DGene technology can solve all the problems of the English royal family.答案：C段落大意题。根据第三段第二句“Some families, with the English royal family being a good example, have hereditary (遗传性的) diseases.”和第五句“But gene technology can solve this p
35、roblem perfectly.”可知，这一段主要介绍了基因技术可以治疗遗传病的情况，故选C。10In what way can gene technology help to treat hereditary diseases?AUsing gene technology, human babies can be cloned.BUsing gene technology, scientists find the wrong gene and correct it.CGene technology helps people with hereditary diseases to live
36、longer.DDoctors can cure cancer and heart disease with the help of technology.答案：B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Scientists just need to find the wrong gene and correct it, and a healthy child will be born.”可知，利用基因技术治疗遗传病的主要方法是找出错误的基因然后纠正它，故选B。11What is the main purpose of writing this passage?AExpressing the writ
37、ers idea that gene technology will benefit people.BTelling people the advantages and disadvantages of gene technology.CTelling the readers that gene technology will not benefit people.DExplaining that gene technology will also do harm to the humanity.答案：A主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讨论了基因技术在现实社会中的应用，比如人们可以利用它来治
38、疗癌症和心脏病等；可以节省大量的钱财，有益于经济；同时还可以使得人类长寿；并且它还可以治疗一些遗传病等。故选A。【词汇积累】lifespan n. 寿命give birth to 生孩子；产生，造成in large quantities 大量的【长难句分析】The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease.基因技术能做的最伟大的
39、事情就是治愈目前医生几乎无能为力的严重疾病，如癌症和心脏病。分析：此句是主从复合句。主句The greatest thing . is to cure serious diseases . 是“主系表结构”，to cure serious diseases是不定式短语作表语；此外that gene technology can do是定语从句修饰The greatest thing; that doctors at present can almost do nothing with是定语从句修饰diseases。.语法填空(2020陕西省百校联盟TOP20联考)Some historians
40、 say that silk originated in China about 10,000 years ago. In China, however, legend _1_ (have) it that Empress Si Ling Chi of China was the first one _2_ (discover) silk more than five thousand years ago. The story goes _3_ while sitting under a mulberry (桑树) tree in her palace garden, the Empress
41、was having tea. A cocoon fell into her hot cup of tea from the branches of the mulberry tree. And as she watched, a strong white thread spread gradually.For more than two thousand years, the Chinese kept the secret of silk to themselves. Anyone found guilty of smuggling (偷运) silkworm eggs, cocoons,
42、or mulberry seeds was put to _4_ (die). Silk became the cloth of emperors and royalty and a great source of wealth. But common people were prohibited _5_ wearing silk. Silk was gathered and kept in warehouses for _6_ emergency.The Chinese used silk in many ways. Civil servants _7_ (pay) in quantitie
43、s of silk, and it was a way for the rulers to reward their citizens. Silk was also used as currency in domestic as well as foreign trade. Chinese traders exchanged their silk in return for spices and jewels _8_ (buy) in India.Later, people from different parts of society began wearing silk clothes,
44、and _9_ (surprise) silk came into _10_ (much) general use than before.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了丝绸的传说、用途以及后期的发展。1has考查主谓一致和动词的时态。根据后一句中的goes，再结合主语是legend可知，用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填has。legend has it that是固定句型，可译为“传说是这样的”。2to discover考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式充当定语修饰前面的the first one。故填to discover。
45、3that考查同位语从句的连接词。此处引导同位语从句，补充说明前面的名词story。4death考查词性转换。空格前的to是介词，此处要用名词形式。故填death。5from考查介词。prohibit . from . “禁止”，为固定搭配。故填from。6an考查冠词。空格后的名词emergency是可数名词，并且词首字母发元音。故填不定冠词an。7were paid考查动词的时态和语态。此处主语servants与动词pay之间构成动宾关系，再结合前后句的谓语动词时态为一般过去时可知，此处要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were paid。8bought考查非谓语动词。此处用过去分词作定语，修饰前面的名词spices and jewels，表被动、完成。故填bought。9surprisingly考查词性转换。此处修饰后面的句子silk came .，要用副词形式。故填surprisingly。10more考查比较级。根据后面的连词than可知，此处要用比较级形式。故填more。