1、英 语高考语法讲解-虚拟语气专题虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气(if 引导)二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气三、主语从句中的虚拟语气四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气五、状语从句中的虚拟语气六、几种特殊的虚拟语气1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 if 从句 主句现在 过去式 would (should, could, might)+动原将来 过去式 should+动原 同上 were to+动原 过去 had done would (should, could, might)+have done考题
2、点击1.I am not free today. If I _free today , I _ and visit some of my friends . A. am will go B. were , would go C. shall be D. be , must go2. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going . A. had been , would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, would prevent D. were, would ha
3、ve prevented3.If I were to see Tom, what _ you _ me to tell him? A. are ,going to ask B. do , ask C. would , ask D. did, askBAB学习虚拟条件句还要注意以下4点：（1）省略if 若虚拟条件句中有 were, had, should 时，可省略 if 而将 were, had, should 移到句首。如：（1）If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomo
4、rrow,（2）_ for the doctors careful treatment, he _till last year. A. If it is not, cant live B. Were it not, couldnt live C. Had it not been, couldnt have lived D. If they were not, couldnt live 2.C（2）错综时间虚拟条件句虚拟条件句与主句谓语动词发生的时间有时不一致，要注意主从句谓语形式。考题 It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing tod
5、ay if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fallB错综时间虚拟条件句1.If you had finished writing the book last month , it would be published next month.2.You would be much better now if you had taken m
6、y advice.3 If you had met him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（3）含蓄虚拟条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词来表示或通过上下文或其他方式表示 如“but for ”，“without ”及“but that ” “ except for和“supposing ” “otherwise等表示含蓄的虚拟： But for your help,I would have failed. Without the money,I would not be alive nowSupposing the
7、re were no gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.She would leave her husband except for children.如果没有孩子的话,她就会离开她的丈夫的考题点击：1.I went by plane; otherwise I _ much longer time. A.could take B.would tak
8、e C.will have taken D.would have taken2.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored3. Without liberation we _ a new life.1.D 2.D. 3.D（4）if only 从句if only 若是.那该多好啊; 真希望.; 只要.就好1. If only Marx were still by my si
9、de to see this with his own eyes.2. If only she could have lived a little longer. If only she had lived a little longer.3. If only he had arrived in time.比较if only与only if only if 表示“只有”； I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.考题 1. If only grandmother _ this together with us now.A. will see B.coul
10、d see C.must see D.should see 2. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie(lie 躺，lay, lain)1.B.2.C二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如: 1)与现在事实相反 : wish + (that)+did(were) I wish I were as h
11、ealthy as you.I wish that I had a plane.2)与过去事实相反 : wish + (that)+had doneI wish I had been to the concert last night.I wish you had written to him.3)与将来事实相反 : wish + would/could/might+do I wish he would forgive me.2. 在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。常见的动词有:一个坚持insist; 两个命令order, comman
12、d ; 三条建议suggest , advise, propose;六项要求demand, request, require, ask; urge, desire,注意: suggest表 暗示表明 时 insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. The doctor suggested that she (should) have an operation at once.考题点击：1. Is it necessary that he _
13、the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told3.It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowed1.D.2.B.3.B三、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型： 1. It be+
14、过去分词+that+(should)+动词原形+过去分词：suggested, requested, ordered, proposed, demanded, arranged, desired, advisedIt is required that nobody (should) smoke here.Its suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.2. It be+形容词+that+(should)+动词原形+形容词:important, necessary, natural, right, wrong, better,prop
15、er, funny, strange, surprising It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now. Its important that we (should) take good care of the patient.How strange that you should not have heard it!It is quite natural that she should succeed. 3. It be+名词（ a pity/a shame/ no wonder） that + (should)+动词原形+ It s
16、eems such a pity that you should have to spend the day at the hotel.你得在旅馆里度过一天看来是一件遗憾的事情.It is a burning shame that little children should have to beg in the street.小孩们得在街上乞讨,这是一件严重的可耻的事.It is no wonder that she should not write to you.她不给你写信一点也不奇怪.四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气在 suggestion, proposal, idea, pla
17、n, order, advice ,decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。1)表语从句:My suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.2)同位语从句:I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.考题点击：1.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try2.He gave an
18、 advice that they _ each other. A. helped B. must help C.help D.had helped3.My suggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me.A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sent1.A.2.C.3.A.五、状语从句中的虚拟语气as if/as though1.过去完成时-对过去虚拟2.一般过去时-对现在虚拟3. Would /could/might +动词原形-对将来虚拟They talked as if the
19、y had been friends for years.She takes care of the orphan as if he were her own child.It is so cool as if it were autumn.She looks as though he had been ill.It looks as if it might rain.用在lest(惟恐,免得), for fear that(以免,为防止起见)和in case引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动词原形或动词原形。lest /for fear that/in case+ 句子(sho
20、uld +动词原形) 1. She closed the windows lest she catch cold.2. He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.3. She put her coat over the child for fear that he should catch cold.4. Heres some money in case you should need it.考题点击：1. We felt as if we _ each other for years.A.knew B.were knowingC.ha
21、d known D.have knowing2. He took away the oxygen tank for fear that it _. A. may explore B. exploded C. explode D. had explode1.C.2.C几种特殊句式的虚拟语气:would rather+ 句子(虚拟)1.过去完成时-对过去虚拟2.一般过去时-对现在虚拟3. .一般过去时-对将来虚拟I would rather you posted the letter right away.I would rather you had returned the book yeste
22、rday.Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend.Id rather she hadnt done that.It is (high, about,low) time that一般过去时/should + 动词原形(此处的should一般不省略)注意: 此句型与下面的句型的区别:It is time for somebody to do something.It is the first time that从句 现在完成时It was the first time that从句 过去完成时It is time for us to
23、have dinner.It is (about/high) time that we had dinner.It is the first that he have gone there.It was the first time that he had gone there.Would you mind + if从句中谓语动词一般用一般过去时.Would you mind if I opened the window?如果我打开窗户, 你不反对吗?Do you mind if I smoke?我抽烟你不介意吧?注意: would you mind doing sth. Would you mind my smoking?