1、Unit 2Cloning晨背分钟 填词并背记Be Careful about CloningAfter a series of initial experiments and corrections,_the scientists hard work paid_off when the twin clone turkeys were hatched with normal feather and claws. This breakthrough possibly enabled people to bring their adored pets back_to_life. However,
2、it bothered him from_time_to_time that their health was in_poor_condition because they were unable_to resist illnesses. This drawback cast_him_down. Merely 2 weeks later, the clones and their carrier died, which struck frustration into_his_heart. He retired before he attained his ambition and became
3、 a member of an opera chorus to relieve his depression. Shortly afterwards, the media published a conservative argument objecting_to cloning owing to moral problems, and suggested the constitution include compulsory regulations to forbid obtaining commercial profits from cloning.When interviewed, th
4、e scientist stared at the decorations on the ceiling, thinking for a while, and then said, “Im not in_favour_of_any arbitrary assumption,_but undertaking cloning does differ_from the straightforward procedure of making loafs out of flour. Until we accumulate enough exact knowledge, any practice is i
5、n_vain and is_bound_to fail. Altogether,_being more careful is reasonable or we may walk into a side_road.” 谨慎对待克隆在最初一系列的实验和修正之后，科学家的辛苦工作终于取得了成功，一对双生的克隆火鸡孵化出来，羽毛和爪子都很正常。这一突破或许能让人们使他们喜爱的宠物死而复生。然而，使他不时地烦恼的是，因为它们无法抵抗疾病，使得它们的健康状况极差。这个缺点让他很沮丧。仅仅过了2个星期，克隆体和母体都死亡了，这使他内心里充满了挫折。他也因此在达到自己目标前就退休了，并选择成为歌剧合唱团的一员
6、来减轻消沉的感觉。之后不久，媒体就因为道德问题而发表了反对克隆的保守论点，并且建议宪法应该包括强制性的法规禁止通过克隆获得商业利益。当被采访时，科学家盯着天花板上的装饰物思考了一会儿，说：“我不赞成任何任意的假设，但是从事克隆与用面粉制作面包的简单过程确实不大相同。在我们积累了足够的准确知识前，任何实际操作都是徒劳无功的，注定会失败。总而言之，更加谨慎地对待克隆是合理的，否则我们或许会误入歧途。”1differ (vi.) 不同；相异difference (n.) 不同；差异different (adj.) 不同的2exact (adj.) 精确的；准确的exactly (adv.) 精确地；
7、准确地3correction (n.) 改正；纠正；修正correct (vt.) 批改；纠正4accumulate (vt.& vi.) 积累；聚积accumulation (n.) 积累；聚积5retire (vi.) 退休；离开retirement (n.) 退休，退职；退役retired (adj.) 退休的；离职的6assumption (n.) 假定；设想assume (vt.) 假定；设想7regulation (n.) 规则；规章；法规regular (adj.) 规则的；有规律的regulate (vt.) 控制；管理；调节8resist (vt.) 抵抗；对抗resista
8、nce (n.) 抵抗力；反抗resistant (adj.) 有抵抗力的；耐的9merely (adv.) 仅；只；不过mere (adj.) 仅仅；小的10decoration (n.) 装饰decorate (v.) 装饰；布置11reasonable (adj.) 合情理的；讲道理的；公道的unreasonable (反义词) (adj.) 不合情理的reason (n.) 理由；原因重点知识分钟undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken) 着手；从事；承担；答应(P11)单句语法填空The police are said _ (undertake) de
9、tailed investigations into the case at present.Cooking, traditionally _ (undertake) by mothers, has been often taken over by fathers nowadays.Whether or not the construction of the bridge _ (undertake) by our company remains to be seen.答案：to be undertakingundertakenwill be undertaken(1)undertake sth
10、. 着手/从事/承担某事undertake to_do sth. 保证/答应做某事undertake that . 保证undertake responsibility/a task 承担责任/任务(2)undertaking n. 任务，项目，事业；保证；企业objection n. 不赞成；反对；异议(P12)单句语法填空I have no objection _ your going, but you must promise to come back before ten.As long as you can guarantee safety and low cost, we dont
11、 have any slightest _ (object)Do you have any objection to _ (change) your working hours?The journalist had many pictures of the woman secretly taken even though she objected to _ (photograph)I find it difficult to be _ (object) where youre concerned.答案：toobjectionchangingbeing photographedobjective
12、(1)raise an objection to sth. 对某事提出异议make/take/have an objection to_(doing) sth. 反对(做)某事(2)object n. 物体；目标vi. 反对；不赞成object to sb./sth. 反对某人/某事object to_doing sth. 反对做某事object that . 反对(3)objective adj. 真实的；客观的；无偏见的名师点津(1)object to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。(2)object表示“反对”，为不及物动词，接宾语需加介词to；oppose表示“反对”，为及物动
13、词，接宾语不需加介词to。be opposed to . 表示“反对，和相反”。forbid vt. (forbade, forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准(P12)单句语法填空The factory forbids the workers _ smoking in the workshops.The guard forbade us _ (look) out of the window when the train was moving.Lack of space forbids _ (list) the names of all those who contributed.F
14、or this writer there is no such thing as a _ (forbid) topic.答案：fromto looklistingforbidden(1)forbid sb. to_do sth. forbid sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事forbid that . 禁止(从句中常用“(should)动词原形”)(2)forbidden adj. 禁止的It is forbidden_to_do sth. 做某事是禁止的owe vt. 欠(钱、账、人情等)；归功于；感激(P13)(1)单句语法
15、填空He owed _ to his first English teacher that he had a good pronunciation.She had a headache, _ (owe) to the weather here, but she is now accustomed to it.答案：itowing(2)一句多译多亏她帮忙，我们才成功启动了引擎。_， we succeeded in starting the engine. (介词短语)_ we succeeded in starting the engine. (强调句型)答案：Owing to her assi
16、stanceIt was owing to her assistance that(1)owe sb. sth.owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物owe sb. an apology 该向某人道歉owe sb. a favour 欠某人一个人情owe . to . 把归功于(2)owing adj. 欠着的；未付的owing tobecause ofon account ofdue to 因为；由于名师点津如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句，可使用it作形式宾语，将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在句尾。如：He owes it to his doctors care th
17、at he is quite well again.他恢复得很好，他把这归功于医生的照顾。pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清(P11)(1)写出下列句中pay off的含义It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan._Two hundred workers have been paid off._All those weeks of studying will pay off when you take the exam._答案：偿清(结工资后)解雇；打发走得到好结果(2)用pay相关短语的适当形式填空It h
18、as been rather costly to install the machine, but it should _ in the long run.Loss of health is too high a price to _ success in your studies.I am sure that he will _ every cent he owes you.答案：pay offpay forpay backpay sth. off 付清；偿清(债务)pay sb. off (结工资后)解雇；贿赂某人pay for sth. 付钱(买)；支付；因某事吃苦头或受惩罚pay sb
19、. for sth. 付钱给某人pay back 还钱；偿还；报复pay out 付出(大笔款项)；支付in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏(P17)(1)用condition相关短语的适当形式填空You must _ tell him what happened.Ill let you have the book _ you should return it to me next week.He knew that he was _ from sitting for so long in the office.答案：on no conditionon co
20、ndition (that)out of condition(2)一句多译你可以使用这台电脑，条件是你能合理使用并且不弄坏。You may use this computer, _ you are able to use it properly so as not to damage it.You may use this computer _ you are able to use it properly so as not to damage it.答案：as long ason condition that(1)working/living/studying conditions 工作/
21、生活/学习环境on condition (that) . 在条件下；条件是；倘若；只要in conditionfit/healthy 健康；状况好out_of condition 状况欠佳on no condition 一点儿也不；决不(放在句首时，用部分倒装语序)(2)conditional adj. 有条件的；以为条件的名师点津condition指人或物自身的状况时，常用作不可数名词；指周围的环境、境况、条件时，常用复数形式。The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.(P11)单句语法填空The id
22、ea _ computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.We are not investigating the question _ he is trustworthy.We havent yet settled the question _ we are going to spend our summer vacation.He made a suggestion that they _ (hold) an English speech contest.答案：thatwhetherwhere(should) holdt
23、he fact that . “的事实”，that引导同位语从句。本句是由that引导的一个同位语从句，用于解释和说明fact的内容。引导词that不能省略。经常跟同位语从句的名词有fact, news, message, doubt, possibility, idea, reason, belief, hope, thought, promise, suggestion, question等。引导词有：连接词that, whether; 连接代词who, which, what; 连接副词where, when, why, how等。The advantage is that if the
24、re is new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.(P15)单句写作优势是我们很好地掌握了英语。_ we have a good command of English.汽车普及的缺点是它带来了严重的空气污染。_ the popularity of cars _ it brings about so much air pollution.他们很有可能会发现你是谁。
25、_ they might find out who you are.答案：The advantage is thatThe drawback of; is thatChances/The chances are thatThe advantage is that . “优势是”。that在此引导表语从句。The advantage/strength of . is that . 的优势是The disadvantage of . is that . 的不足是The drawback of . is that . 的缺点是The problem of . is that . 的问题是Chance
26、s/The chances are that . 有可能The news is that . 消息是Based on what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years.(P15)单句语法填空_ (satisfy) with what he did, the teacher praised him in class._ (compare) with his room, my room is even smaller._ (face) with all these g
27、lobal problems, we cannot stand where we are._(absorb) in reading a novel, he didnt notice the teacher came in.答案：SatisfiedComparedFacedAbsorbedbased on是过去分词短语作状语。worried/concerned about 对感到担忧satisfied with 对感到满意surrounded by 被包围faced with 面对compared with 与比较absorbed in 专心于课文语法填空分钟Cloning has always
28、 been with us and is here to stay. It is a way of _1_ (make) an exact copy of another animal or plant. It has two major uses. One is _2_ gardeners use it to produce commercial quantities of plants. _3_ other is that it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals
29、. However, the process of cloning is difficult _4_ (undertake)Many attempts to clone mammals failed. The breakthrough that scientists made in history is in the year 1996. The first successful cloning, Dolly the sheep, made the whole _5_ (science) world follow its process. Then came the disturbing ne
30、ws that Dolly had become seriously ill. It had _6_ (many) problems than the normal sheep. On the other hand, Dollys appearance _7_ (raise) a storm of objections and has a great impact _8_ the media and public imagination. Different people have different _9_ (opinion) on it. However, scientists still
31、 wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us. Maybe in the 21st century, cloning will be the _10_(big) moral dilemma.1_2._3._4._5._6_7._8._9._10._答案：1.making2.that3.The4.to undertake5.scientific6.more7.raised8.on9.opinions10.biggestThen came the disturbing news that Dolly
32、had become seriously ill.中主句为完全倒装句；that从句为同位语从句。当now，then位于句首，谓语是come，appear等且主语为名词时，句子完全倒装。使用同位语从句要注意以下两点：(1)同位语从句在句中的位置。一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news, idea, fact, promise, hope, message等)的后面，用于说明该词所表达的具体内容。有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，这在语法上叫作分隔式同位语从句。(2)同位语从句的语气。在suggestion, advice, request, order等意为“建
33、议，要求，命令”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。随堂检测分钟.单句语法填空 1I owe _ to him that this collection can be made known to the public.答案：it2The information _ (obtain) from the Internet is not always true, so we should be careful to check the facts we find on websites.答案：obtained3The new cl
34、othes in that shop are so beautiful that Anna cannot resist _ (take) a close look at them, although she cannot afford them at present.答案：taking4I think it is her personality rather than her looks that _ (strike) me. Asking her to marry me is my dream.答案：has struck5The students are forbidden, unless
35、they have special passes, _ (stay) out after 11 pm.答案：to stay6That company wants to reduce prices to increase its market share, and this is _ we differ.答案：where7I am sure the new traffic regulation will meet with a strong _ (object) from the public.答案：objection8You cant compare themthere is a fundam
36、ental _ (differ) in kind.答案：difference9As long as we persist in spreading scientific knowledge among the masses, all the strange beliefs are bound _ (go) out of our life.答案：to go10I wasnt blaming anyone; I _ (mere) said errors like this could be avoided.答案：merely.教材微写作A根据提示完成句子1据我所知，人们对于克隆技术尤其是在克隆人方
37、面分歧相当大。(differ)_答案：As far as I know, people differ greatly in cloning technique, especially in cloning human beings.2一些人支持它的发展，他们认为这项技术一定会有利于医学的发展。(in favour of; be bound to)_答案：Some people are in favour of its development, believing the technique is bound to benefit the medical development.3相反，另一些人
38、害怕克隆能引起一系列的道德问题，对社会的发展造成危害。(on the contrary)_答案：On the contrary, others are afraid that it could raise a storm of moral problems, thus causing damage to the social development.4我认为，只要所有的人都遵守规则，承诺合理应用克隆技术，克隆将会取得成功。(on assumption that)_答案：In my opinion, cloning will pay off on the assumption that all
39、people obey rules and promise to use it properly.B将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：As far as I know, people differ greatly in cloning technique, especially in cloning human beings. Some people are in favour of its development, believing the technique is bound to benefit the medical development. On the cont
40、rary, others are afraid that it could raise a storm of moral problems, thus causing damage to the social development. However, in my opinion, cloning will pay off on the assumption that all people obey rules and promise to use it properly单元拓能训练单元话题写作应用文假定你是李华，你班最近就“To clone or not to clone”展开了激烈地辩论。
41、现请你给一家英文报社的编辑写一封信，告诉他你班同学对克隆的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 精彩范文Dear editor，Recently in our class, there is a heated debate about “To clone or not to clone”Some students believe cloning is of great benefit to human beings, which can be used to cure some serious diseases. Besides, it ca
42、n also help the wildlife in danger so that we can have more and more wildlife in the world.However, others are against cloning because they think that many social problems may arise if the use of this technology gets out of control. What they worry is that we may produce a superhuman race that could replace us.In my opinion, since cloning is a scientific breakthrough, we should do our best to draw upon it well to help human beings.Yours sincerely，Li Hua