1、一、表语系动词是表示人或事物状态、性质的动词,如:be,get,sound,look,seem,feel等。系动词后 面的部分叫表语。作表语的典型词类是形容词,也可以名词、数词、极少数副词(如here,there)、介词短语、不定式、分词、表语从句等。系动词与表语共同构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质等。练习：请找出下列句子的表语并指出表语是由什么来充当的(名词、数词、形容词、介词,不定式,分词,还是表语从句)。1.My wallet is on the desk.(_)2.The book isnt mine.(_)mine,名词。on the desk,介词短语。3.The leaves tu
2、rn yellow in fall.(_)4.He has become a police officer.(_)a police officer,名词。yellow,形容词。5.My suggestion is that we should start at once.(_)6.My suggestion is to leave at once.(_)to leave at once,不定式短语。that we should start at once.表语从句。7.His speech was boring.(_)8.The whole class got excited at the g
3、ood news.(_)excited,过去分词。boring,现在分词。二、定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词,起限定作用。作定语的典型词类是形容词和形容词性物主代词,也可以是数词、名词、介词短语、分词、定语从句等。定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰复合不定代词(如something)时,或者是短语或定语从句作定语,则总是放在所修饰名词的后边。练习：请找出下列句子的定语并指出定语是由什么充当(形容词、形容词性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语从句)1.The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year.(_)beautiful,形容词;
4、many,数词。2.The wallet on the desk is mine.(_)3.The demanding boss wasnt satisfied with my work.(_)demanding,现在分词;my,形容词性代词。on the desk,介词短语。4.That building being repaired is our library.(_)5.He is one of the students that have been late.(_)being repaired,现在分词短语;our,形容词性代词。one,数词;that have been late,定
5、语从句6.The excited boys burst into cheers.(_)7.A woman police officer was praised for her good work.(_)woman,名词;good,形容词。excited,过去分词。三、状语状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等,作状语的典型词类是副词,也可以是介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句等。练习：请找出下列句子的状语并指出状语是由什么充当(副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句)。1.He did his homework carefully at ho
6、me.(_)carefully,副词;at home,介词词组。to do some shopping不定式作目的状语;on Sunday介词短语表时间。2.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.(_)3.When I grow up,I am going to be a teacher.(_)4.Feeling tired,he went to bed without supper.(_)Feeling tired,现在分词短语表原因;without supper,介词短语表方式。When I grow up,时间状语从句。5.H
7、e lost his job due to his lack of patience.(_)6.Brought up in the country,he finds it hard to adjust himself to city life.(_)Brought up in the country,过去分词短语表原因。due to his lack of patience介词短语表原因。四、补足语补充说明主语的称为主语补足语;补充说明宾语的称为宾语补足语。作补足语的典型词类是形容词,也可以是名词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词等。练习：请找出下列句子的宾语补足语并指出它是由什么充当
8、的(名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词)。1.They elected John monitor.(_)2.He treated his mistake as a joke.(_)as a joke,介词词组。monitor名词3.We heard her singing a song.(_)4.He told me to make my own decision.(_)to make my own decision,动词不定式singing a song,现在分词短语。5.I think it wrong of him to decline my offer.(_)6.He watched an insect caught by a bird.(_)caught by a bird,过去分词短语。wrong,形容词。如果把主动语态改成被动语态,宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。例如：He was acknowledged to be the best player.他被公认为是最佳选手。(不定式作主语补足语)