1、首都师范大学附属回龙观育新学校2021年10月检测试题高三英语试卷第一部分:知识运用(共两节，25分)第一节完形填空(共10小题:每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success depends fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the events in our lives.When twelve-year-ol
2、d John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931, he had no way of knowing that his life was to change _1_. The class experiment that day was to _2_ how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface. Anyway, the container the teacher gave Wilson to hea
3、t _3_ held something more volatile (易挥发的) than water. When Wilson heated it, the container _4_, leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes.When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents attempted to find a way to deal with the catastrophe (灾难) that had _5_ their lives. But Wilson did
4、 not regard the accident as _6_. He learned braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became (an) _7_ public speaker.Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from _8_ for lack of proper treatme
5、nt. For him, it was one thing to accept his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue when it could be fixed so easily. This moved him to action. And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment Wilson made to preventing the preventable.Wilson
6、received several international _9_ for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a vision. He proved that its not what happens to us that _10_ our lives its what we make of what happens.1. A. continuallyB. graduallyC. completelyD. gratefully2. A. directB. showC. advanceD. declare3. A. mis
7、takenlyB. casuallyC. amazinglyD. embarrassedly4. A. brokeB. explodedC. emptiedD. exposed5. A. contributed toB. cared forC. impressed onD. happened to6. A. remarkableB. extraordinaryC. impressiveD. catastrophic7. A. successfulB. ordinaryC. specificD. regular8. A. deafnessB. depressionC. speechlessnes
8、sD. blindness9. A. scholarshipsB. rewardsC. awardsD. bonuses10. A. claimsB. distinguishesC. determinesD. limits【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了因为一次意外，John Wilson失明了。但是，他并没有抱怨命运的不公，而是努力地学习，接受教育。他通过自己的努力帮助很多人恢复了视力，获得了很多国际大奖。他的例子告诉我们，成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生
9、的事情的看法。【1题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：1931年的一个雨天，当12岁的John Wilson走进他的化学教室时，他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. continually不断地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. completely完全地；D. gracefully优雅地。根据下文“leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes”可知，一场意外导致John Wilson失明，从而推知，这件事完全地改变了他的生活。故选C项。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天的课堂实验是为了展示加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。A. direct指导；B.
10、 show展示；C. advance促进；D. declare宣布。根据上文“chemistry class”以及下文“how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling to the surface”可推知，化学课上的课堂实验的目的是展示加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。故选B项。【3题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么，老师给Wilson加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。A. mistakenly错误地；B. casually随意地；C. amazingly令人惊奇地；D. embarrassedly尴尬地。根
11、据下文“held something more volatile than water”可推知，此处指老师误在容器里装了更容易挥发的东西而没有装水，造成了严重后果。故选A项。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Wilson把它加热时，容器爆炸了，导致Wilson失明。A. broke损坏；B. exploded爆炸；C. emptied掏空；D. exposed暴露。根据上文“to heat mistakenly held something more volatile than water”以及下文“leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes”可推知，此处指因为
12、容器内装的不是水，而是更容易挥发的物质，所以当Wilson把它加热时，容器爆炸了，导致Wilson失明。故选B项。【5题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：两个月后，当Wilson出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A. contributed to贡献；B. cared for照顾；C. impressed on给留下印象；D. happened to发生。根据上文“deal with the catastrophe”以及下文“their lives”可推知，此处指这场事故发生在了Wilson一家人的生活中。故选D项。【6题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但Wilso
13、n并不认为这次事故是灾难性的。A. remarkable非凡的；B. extraordinary不同寻常的；C. impressive令人印象深刻的；D. catastrophic灾难性的。根据上文“his parents attempted to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had happened to their lives”可知，Wilson一家人都认为失明对于他来说是一场灾难。根据上文“But”转折可推知，威尔逊并没有将这场事故看作是“灾难性的”。故选D项。【7题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他不仅是一名出色的学
14、生，而且成为了一名成功的演说家。A. successful成功的；B. ordinary普通的；C. specific特有的；D. regular规则的。根据上文“He learned braille quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind.”以及本句中的“not onlybut also”可推知，此处指Wilson不仅是个好学生，而且成为了一名成功的演说家。故选A项。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他在非洲工作，那里的许多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而失明。A. deafness耳聋；B.
15、 depression沮丧；C. speechlessness哑口无言；D. blindness失明。根据下文“And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment Wilson made to preventing the preventable.”可知，很多人因为Wilson的努力而复明，由此推知，在非洲，有很多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而失明。故选D项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Wilson因其巨大的贡献获得了几个国际奖项。A. scholarships奖学金；B. rewards报酬；C.
16、 awards奖；D. bonuses红利。根据下文“for his great contributions”可推知，此处指因为Wilson的巨大贡献，他获得了几个国际奖项。故选C项。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活而是我们如何看待发生的事情。A. claims宣称；B. distinguishes区分；C. determines决定；D. limits限制。根据文章第一段中的“Success depends fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the events in our l
17、ives.”可知，成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。从而推知，并不是发生的事情决定着我们的生活，而是我们对发生的事情的看法决定了我们的生活。故选C项。第二节 语法填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5分,共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A clay pig _11_ (find) in Lianhe Ruins in Sichuan province in 2019. It is estimated to be about 3,000 years old. _12_ m
18、akes this finding unusual is its adorable appearance. The clay pig looks exactly like the green pig from The Angry Birds movie. _13_ (it) cute image has left the Chinese netizens surprised and delighted, with many people joking that The Angry Birds character has traveled back in time to prehistoric
19、days. The topic _14_ (attract) 400 million views and 290,000 discussions since the pig was discovered.【答案】11. was found 12. What 13. Its 14. has attracted/has been attracting【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一只在四川省联合河遗址出土的陶土猪引起了中国网民热议。【11题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：2019年，在四川省联合河遗址发现了一只陶土猪。根据时间状语in 2019可知用一般过去时。主语clay pig与
20、find之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was found。【12题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：这个发现的不同寻常之处在于它可爱的外表。分析句子结构可知，这里为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且指物，所以连接词what。故填What。【13题详解】考查代词。句意：它的可爱形象让中国网民又惊又喜，许多人开玩笑说，愤怒的小鸟角色穿越到了史前时代。修饰名词image，前用形容词性物主代词。故填Its。【14题详解】考查时态。句意：自这只猪被发现以来，这个话题已经吸引了4亿的浏览量和29万的讨论量。根据时间状语since the pig was discovered.可知用现在完成时，表示到现在为止；或
21、使用现在完成进行时，表示该动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，并且未来一段时间内还会继续延续下去。故填has attracted/has been attracting。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。When I decided to return to school at age thirty-five, I wasnt at all worried about my ability _15_ (do) the work. After all, I was a grown woman who had
22、 raised a family, not a confused teenager fresh out of high school. But when I started classes, I realized that those “confused teenagers” sitting around me were in much _16_(good) shape for college than I was. They still had all their classroom skills in bright, shiny condition, _17_ mine had grown
23、 rusty（生锈的） from disuse. I had to learn many things from the beginning.【答案】15. to do 16. better 17. while / but【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述作者35岁重返校园时的学习状况。【15题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我决定在35岁时重返校园时，我一点也不担心我的工作能力。名词ability后接不定式作定语。故填to do。【16题详解】考查比较级。句意：但是当我开始上课的时候，我意识到那些坐在我周围的“迷茫的青少年”要比我更适合上大学。根据than和much可知，用形容词的
24、比较级形式。故填better。【17题详解】考查连词。句意：他们仍然在明亮、闪闪发光的环境中学习着所有的课堂技能，但我的技能已经因为不用而生锈了。根据句意，前后句之间为转折关系，所以用转折连词。故填while / but。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。When the clock strikes 2:30 in the afternoon, how do you usually feel? If you often feel tired and sleepy around this time, y
25、oure not alone! This tiredness, _18_ (know) as the 2:30 feeling, is caused by your bodys natural cycle. Most people feel a big decrease _19_ energy in the early afternoon and at night. During these times, your body temperature goes down. A chemical _20_ causes you to feel tired is also released as y
26、our temperature lowers.【答案】18. known 19 in 20. which/that【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了为什么人们到了每天下午两点半左右的时候就会感到又困又累。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种被称为两点半的疲倦感是由身体的自然循环引起的。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，此处应使用非谓语动词形式。know与This tiredness为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作定语，故填known。【19题详解】考查介词。句意：大多数人在下午早些时候和晚上会感到精力大幅下降。a decrease in sth.在减少，固定短语，这里是指下午早
27、些时候“精力”会感到下降，故填in。【20题详解】考查定语从句。句意：随着体温降低，一种会让你感到疲劳的化学物质也会释放出来。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为A chemical，指物，在从句中充当主语，所以要用which或者that引导。故填which/that。第二部分:阅读理解(共两节，40分)第一节(共15 小题;每小题2分，共 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AArbeia Roman Fort (城堡) and MuseumLocation and HistoryArbeia Roman Fort i
28、s situated on Hadrians Wall. It was the most important structure built by the Romans in Britain, and now it has been a World Heritage (遗产) Site. Built around AD 160, Arbeia Roman Fort was the military supply base for the soldiers who were stationed along Hadrians Wall. The fort has been gradually un
29、covered and some original parts have been revealed. There are reconstructions that show how Arbeia Roman Fort would have looked.The ReconstructionsThe reconstructions of the Commanding Officers house and soldiers quarters are strikingly different. The accommodation for soldiers is dark and uncomfort
30、able, while the Commanding Officers house is spacious and luxurious, with courtyards with fountains for him and his family to enjoy.The MuseumVisit the museum and see many objects that were found at Arbeia. They are historically important and show what daily life was really like at that time. You wi
31、ll see weapons, tools, jewellery, and so on. You can also discover how the Romans buried their dead and see tombstones (墓碑) which survive to this day. There is a “hands-on” area allowing visitors to dig on a certain site and study their findings with the help of museum staff. You can piece together
32、pottery (陶器), or try writing just as the Romans would have done. For children, they can build this ancient Roman fort with building blocks by themselves.Opening Times and Getting ThereApril 1-October 31:Monday to Saturday 10:00am-5:00pm, Sunday 2:00pm-5:00pm.November 1-March 31:Monday to Saturday 11
33、:00am-4:00pm, closed Sunday. (Closed December 25-26 and January 1)Entry is free.Arbeia is only a ten-minute walk from the bus station at South Shields. Free car park nearby.Website:www.twmuseums.org.uk/arbeia21. According to the passage, Arbeia Roman Fort _.A. was related to the militaryB. got recon
34、structions around AD 160C. was built in a small area in RomeD. provided a comfortable life for soldiers22. What can visitors do in the museum?A. See historical objects.B. Build tombstones for the dead.C. Write to ancient Romans.D. Try using old tools and weapons.23. What time does Arbeia Roman Fort
35、close?A. On April 1.B. On October 31.C. On November 1.D. On December 26.【答案】21. A 22. A 23. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了旅游景点Arbeia Roman Fort and Museum的位置、历史、重建及开放时间等信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。由第一段第三句“Arbeia Roman Fort was the military supply base for the soldiers”可知，Arbeia Roman Fort城堡以前是一个为士兵们提供物资的军事供应基地，说明它以前与军事有关
36、联。故选A项。【22题详解】细节理解题。由第三段前两句“Visit the museum and see many objects that were found at Arbeia. They are historically important and show what daily life was really like at that time(参观博物馆，看看许多在阿贝亚发现的物体。它们在历史上是重要的，并展示了当时的日常生活是什么样子)”可知，博物馆里展出的物件都是些历史文物。故选A项。【23题详解】细节理解题。关于参观时间介绍的最后一句“Closed December 25-2
37、6 and January 1”可得出12月26日是关门的。故选D项。【点睛】BLearning to say “yes, and”When I first heard about the improvisation (即兴交流) class, I was hesitating. As a quiet and shy girl, I feared improvising in front of strangers. However, I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D., so it
38、 seemed like a perfect opportunity to learn how to speak and communicate with others effectively. I signed up, knowing the experience would give me help.During our first class, we learned an important concept of improvisation: “yes, and.” It means that, as improvisers, wed better accept what fellow
39、performers say. If someone says that rhinos (犀牛) are librarians, for example, then rhinos are librarians. We do not question the logic; we say “yes” and then continue with the scene as if nothing is wrong.The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned into months, I became more comfortable and
40、even started to enjoy our classes. I became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment. Once when I was giving a presentation about my science, an audience member surprised me with a question that didnt grow out of the information Id presented.
41、 Instead of getting confused and nervous, I took the “yes, and” approachaccepting the question and letting my mind focus on why it was asked. That helped me find an appropriate answer. I got pretty excited about it.The benefits of improvisation go beyond communication. Before attending the class, I
42、would get stuck when my experiments produced unexpected data, thinking that I had made a mistake. But now, instead of getting discouraged, I will stay open to the possibility that the results are real, keep exploring the data and end up identifying a new type of cellone that isnt behaving as expecte
43、d.I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson. If the data say rhinos are librarians, then its worth finding out whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians. As scientists, our job isnt to challenge data that support a preconceived (先入为主的) story, but to say “yes, and.”24. Why did the author atte
44、nd the improvisation class?A. To get a different experience.B. To finish her Ph.D. at university.C. To give up her job as a science communicator.D. To improve her speaking and communicating ability.25. What was the authors change after attending the improvisation class?A. She formed her own idea qui
45、ckly.B. She came up with lots of creative responses.C. She paid more attention to the logic of answers.D. She became a good listener before giving an opinion.26. The author mentions applying the “yes, and” approach to her scientific experiments to _.A. explain the process of using the methodB. prove
46、 the benefits of the improvisation classC. share her own research experiences with readersD. attract fellow scientists to attend the improvisation class27. What can be inferred about scientists from the last paragraph?A. They should attend the improvisation class.B. They should question all preconce
47、ived ideas.C. They should carry on research by admitting earlier data.D. They should try to improve their professional knowledge.【答案】24. D 25. D 26. B 27. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者参加一门即兴交流课程，想要提高自己的沟通能力，详细描写了参加课程后自身所发生的一些变化，以及这门课程带给自己的积极影响。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a quiet and shy girl, I feared impro
48、vising in front of strangers. However, I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D., so it seemed like a perfect opportunity to learn how to speak and communicate with others effectively. I signed up, knowing the experience would give me help.”可知作为一个安静害羞的女孩，我害怕在陌生人面前即兴交
49、流。然而，我知道我想在完成博士学位后从事科学传播者的工作，所以这似乎是一个学习如何有效地说话和与他人沟通的完美机会。我报名参加了，因为我知道这次经历会对我有所帮助。由此可知，作者参加即兴交流课，是为了提高她的开口说话的沟通能力。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“I became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment.”可知我变得更善于倾听，与我的谈话伙伴建立联系，并在那一刻清晰地交流。由此可知，作者参加了即兴交流课之后，所
50、发生的变化是她在发表意见之前，先成为了一个好的倾听者。故选D。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The benefits of improvisation go beyond communication. Before attending the class, I would get stuck when my experiments produced unexpected data, thinking that I had made a mistake. But now, instead of getting discouraged, I will stay open to the
51、possibility that the results are real, keep exploring the data and end up identifying a new type of cellone that isnt behaving as expected.(即兴交流的好处不仅仅体现在交流方面。在参加这门课之前，当我的实验产生了意想不到的数据时，我会卡住，认为自己犯了错误。但现在，我不会气馁，而是会保持开放的态度，相信结果是真实的，继续探索数据，最终确定一种新的细胞类型一种没有按照预期表现的细胞)”由此可推知，作者提到在她的科学实验中运用“yes, and”的方法，是为了证
52、明即兴交流课的好处。故选B。27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson. If the data say rhinos are librarians, then its worth finding out whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians. As scientists, our job isnt to challenge data that support a preconceived (先入为主的) story, but to say yes, an
53、d.”可知我想所有的科学家都能从这一门课程中受益。如果数据显示犀牛是图书管理员，那么就值得去了解犀牛是否真的是图书管理员。作为科学家，我们的工作不是挑战支持先入为主故事的数据，而是说“是的，而且”。由此可推知，科学家应该通过承认早期数据来进行研究。故选C。CSuccess and Risk in Extreme SportsWhat is it that drives some to take extreme risks, while the rest of us hurry for the safety of the sidelines?Lester Keller, sports-psych
54、ology expert, says that not everyone has the mental makeup to do well in extreme sports. He notes that most of us hit a natural ceiling that limits our appetite for extreme risk in tricky conditions. But others have a much higher tolerance for risk. Keller points to a top ski racer. He told Keller t
55、hat “the high element of risk makes you feel alive, tests what you are made of and how far you can take yourself”. He said he would get nervous on some of the courses, but that this would just make him fight more.Psychologists note that some people seem to have a strong desire for adrenaline (肾上腺素)
56、rushes as a behavior seeking excited feelings. Like many extreme athletes Emily Cooks appetite for risk appeared at a young age. “I was a gymnast,” she said. “I was one of those kids who enjoyed and did well at anything where you were upside down.” As she started doing harder tricks, she was drawn t
57、o the challenge. “There are moments when youre up there doing a new trick and it seems like an impossible thing. But overcoming that is just the coolest feeling in the world.”Shane Murphy, sports professor, has worked with groups climbing Everest. “To me, that just seems like the height of risk,” he
58、 said. “But to them it was the next step in an activity that theyve prepared for years.” Murphy said the view of extreme athletes is different from our own. “We look at a risky situation and know that if we were in that situation we would be out of control. But from the athletes view, they have a lo
59、t of control, and there are many things that they do to minimize risk.”Another aspect of risk perception (认知) may be something referred to as “the flow”, a state in which many athletes become absorbed in the acts that focus the mind completely on the present. “Something that makes you try doing a to
60、ugher climb than usual, perhaps, is that your adrenaline flows and you become very concentrated on what youre doing,” Murphy says. “After its over, theres great excitement.”People of different skill levels experience the flow at different times. Some may always be driven to adventures that others co
61、nsider extreme. “I can enjoy hitting a tennis ball around, because thats my skill level,” Murphy says. “But others might need the challenge of Olympic competition.”28. By using the term “natural ceiling” in Paragraph 2, Lester Keller points out that _.A. extreme athletes must learn special skillsB.
62、extreme athletes have chances to take risksC. many people dont want to do extreme sportsD. many people cant limit desire for extreme sports29. What does Shane Murphy think about the mountain climbers he mentions?A. They put in lots of preparation for challenges.B. They are more fortunate than other
63、sportspeople.C. They carry little risk when facing big challenges.D. They have special reasons that others cant easily understand.30. What main point is made in Paragraph 5?A. Extreme athletes use techniques other people dont use.B. Non-athletes are probably wise not to try extreme sports.C. Most pe
64、ople lack the focus required to take bigger risks.D. A certain state of mind makes attempting an activity more likely.31. We can learn from the passage that _.A. risk-taking is something you either naturally do or avoidB. those who take risks are more likely to be successful in lifeC. extreme athlet
65、es are driven by a need to be better than othersD. taking part in extreme sports is not as difficult as people think【答案】28. C 29. A 30. D 31. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极限运动的成功与风险。【28题详解】推理判断题。分析文章第二段第二句“He notes that most of us hit a natural ceiling that limits our appetite for extreme risk in tricky co
66、nditions.”（他指出，我们中的大多数人达到了一个自然的上限，这个（自然上限）限制了我们在复杂条件下对极端风险的欲望。）可知，这里含有一个定语从句，先行词为a natural ceiling，定语从句对a natural ceiling进行修饰，“限制了我们在复杂条件下对极端风险的欲望”说明许多人不想做极限运动。故选C项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段开头提到的“groups climbing Everest”（攀登珠穆朗玛峰的团体）和第二句“To me, that just seems like the height of risk,” he said. “But to them
67、 it was the next step in an activity that theyve prepared for years.”（“在我看来，这似乎是最大的风险，”他说。“但对他们来说，这是他们准备多年的一项活动的下一步。”）可知，登山者为挑战做了大量的准备。故选A项。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段第一句“Another aspect of risk perception (认知) may be something referred to as “the flow”, a state in which many athletes become absorbed in the a
68、cts that focus the mind completely on the present.”（ 风险认知的另一个方面可能是被称之为“心流”的东西 ，在这种状态下，许多运动员全神贯注于将精力完全集中在当下的行为。）以及后面的进一步解释可知，本段要点就是“the flow”这种特定的精神状态会使你更有可能去尝试一项活动。故选D项。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“People of different skill levels experience the flow at different times. Some may always be driven to adventure
69、s that others consider extreme.”（不同技能水平的人在不同的时间体验这种流动。一些人可能总是被驱使去冒险，而另一些人则认为是极端的。）以及后文所举的事例可知，不同的技能水平的人有自己不同的选择，所以冒险是你可以选择做或选择避免的事情。故选A项。【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。例如本文第3题，第五段的要点，就在段落第一句上，准确理解了
70、段落第一句，也就抓住了段落要点。DRound and Round They GoSpace is becoming more crowded. Quite a few low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites have been launched into the sky, which are designed to move around the Earth only a few hundred kilometres above its surface. SpaceX and OneWeb plan to launch LEO satellites in their
71、thousands, not hundreds, to double the total number of satellites in orbit (轨道) by 2027.That promises to change things on Earth. LEO satellites can bring Internet connectivity to places where it is still unavailable. This will also be a source of new demand for the space economy. Morgan Stanley, a b
72、ank, projects that the space industry will grow from $350 billion in 2016 to more than $1.1 trillion by 2040. New Internet satellites will account for half this increase.For that to happen, however, three worries must be overcome. Debris (碎片) is the most familiar concern. When enough satellites were
73、 packed into low-Earth orbits, any collision (碰撞) could cause a chain reaction which would eventually destroy all spaceships. One solution is to grab the satellites with problems and pull them down into the Earths atmosphere. Another is to monitor space more closely for debris. But technology is onl
74、y part of the answer. Rules are needed to deal with old satellites safely from low-Earth orbits.Cyber (网络的)-security is a second, long-standing worry. Hackers (黑客) could take control of a satellite and steal intellectual property, redirect data flows or cause a collision. The satellite industry has
75、been slow to respond to such concerns. But as more of the worlds population comes to rely on the space for access to the Internet, the need for action will intensify. Measures will surely be taken to protect network security.The third issue follows from the first two. If there is a simple mistake or
76、 a cyber-attack, it may cause a chain reaction which wipes out hundreds of billions of dollars of investment. Who is responsible for that? Now the plans of firms wishing to operate large numbers of satellites are being studied. But there is a long way to go before the risks are well understood, let
77、alone priced.As space becomes more commercialized, mind-bending prospects open up: packages moved across the planet in minutes by rocket rather than by plane, equipment sent to other small planets, passengers launched into orbit and beyond. All that and more may come, one day. But such activities wo
78、uld raise the same questions as LEO satellites do. They must be answered before the space economy can truly develop.32. What can we learn about LEO satellites from the passage?A. They are supposed to limit the space economy.B. They are expected to increase in large numbers.C. They are designed to mo
79、ve beyond the Earth as far as possible.D. They are mainly intended to bring Internet connectivity to remote areas.33. To deal with debris in space, the author suggests _.A. depending entirely on the modern technologyB. monitoring the movement of spaceships carefullyC. strengthening rules to remove o
80、ld satellites safelyD. destroying all the satellites with problems instantly34. What does the underlined word “intensify” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Measure.B. Increase.C. Spread.D. Repeat.35. What is the authors attitude toward the launch of LEO satellites?A. It should be further confirmed for
81、 its ownership.B. It should be continued because of its advantages.C. It should be done carefully to avoid potential risks.D. It should be stopped in face of the space economy.【答案】32. B 33. C 34. B 35. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。太空越来越拥挤，文章主要内容为一家名为SpaceX and OneWeb的公司计划在2027前发射数千上万颗近地轨道卫星之事，及对太空卫星数量剧增而带来的三个安全
82、方面的担忧。【32题详解】细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“SpaceX and OneWeb plan to launch LEO satellites in their thousands, not hundreds, to double the total number of satellites in orbit (轨道) by 2027(SpaceX and OneWeb计划发射数千上万颗近地轨道卫星将使轨道上卫星总数量增加一倍。)”可知， LEO卫星预计将大量增加。故选B项。【33题详解】细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“Rules are needed to deal with old
83、satellites safely from low-Earth orbits”可知，为了安全处理老旧的近地轨道卫星，需要制定一些规则。故选C项。【34题详解】词义猜测题。由第四段中句子“But as more of the worlds population comes to rely on the space for access to the Internet, the need for action will intensify”可知，因为世界上越来越多的人依赖太空卫星提供上因特网的通路，人们对于网络安全的需求将intensify。，可推断，依赖太空卫星的人数增多，因此对网络安全的需求
84、就增强了。故划线词与increase意思相近。故选B项。【35题详解】推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“Rules are needed to deal with old satellites safely from low-Earth orbits.(需要有规则来安全地处理来自低地球轨道的旧卫星 )”、第四段最后一句“Measures will surely be taken to protect network security(一定要采取措施保护网络安全)”及文末最后一句“They must be answered before the space economy can truly dev
85、elop(在空间经济真正发展之前，必须回答这些问题)”可知，关于发射大量的近地轨道卫星，作者认为应该小心慎行，避免潜在的危险发生。故选C项。【点睛】词义猜测题解题时往往借助上下文语境，有时也会运用构词法，大大提高词义猜测的准确性。本文中的intensify所在句前半句说“因为世界上越来越多的人依赖太空卫星提供的上因特网的通路”，可知人们对于网络安全的需求将增强。Intense, adj.非常强烈的;紧张的;intensive, a.加强的;增强的;后缀-fy是形容词转化为动词的一个后缀。结合前半句语意及构词法知识，可推出intensify意为“使增强”。第二节(共5小题:每小题2分，共10分)
86、根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Our Amazing HandsThe hand is where the mind meets the world. We use our hands to build fires, to fly airplanes, and to write. The human brain, with its open-ended creativity, may be the thing that makes the human race unique. But without hands, all the idea
87、s we think up would come to nothing._36_ Study it carefully, you will find something interesting. The thumb (拇指) alone is controlled by nine separate muscles. The wrist is a group of bones and muscles connected with nerves (神经). The nerves send branches into each fingertip, which makes the fingers e
88、xtremely flexible. _37_Early hands seemed more unusual and interesting than any hand today. Some animals had seven fingers. Others had eight. But by the time vertebrates (脊椎动物) appeared 340 million years ago, the hand had developed to only five fingers. _38_Nevertheless, there are still many differe
89、nt types of hands in living animals. After years of research, scientists are beginning to understand the molecular (分子的) changes in hands. _39_ This makes the hands of different animals very similar. There is a network of many genes (基因) that builds a hand, and all hands are built on that network.Th
90、e discovery has given scientists a deeper understanding of the development of hands. A birds wing and a lions paw (爪) may appear to have nothing in common. _40_ It may just be a little more of one protein (蛋白) here, a little less of another there. In the past, scientists could recognize only the out
91、ward signs that hands had developed from a common ancestor. Today scientists are uncovering the inward signs as well.A. Hands can often be used for a number of different purposes.B. They also see that all hands start out in much the same way.C. It has kept that number for reasons scientists dont yet
92、 know.D No one would doubt that the five fingers are different with each other.E. But the difference between them may come down to a tiny change in form.F. The reason we can use our hands for so many things is their special structure.G. So you can see a skilled watchmaker use his hands to set spring
93、s in place under a microscope.【答案】36. F 37. G 38. C 39. B 40. E【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章通过了分析科学家的研究介绍了我们神奇的手。手是心灵与世界相遇的地方。我们用手生火，飞飞机，写字。没有手，我们所想到的所有想法都将一事无成。【36题详解】上文“We use our hands to build fires, to fly airplanes, and to write.”说明我们用手生火，开飞机，和写字，空格处承上启下，下文“The thumb (拇指) alone is controlled by nine separ
94、ate muscles. The wrist is a group of bones and muscles connected with nerves (神经). The nerves send branches into each fingertip, which makes the fingers extremely flexible.(单是拇指就由九个独立的肌肉控制。手腕是一组用神经相连的骨骼和肌肉。这些神经向每个指尖发送分支，这使得手指非常灵活)”说明手的结构，F项前半句的“we can use our hands for so many things”与上文一致，their spe
95、cial structure与下文一致，故选F。【37题详解】上文“The thumb (拇指) alone is controlled by nine separate muscles. The wrist is a group of bones and muscles connected with nerves (神经). The nerves send branches into each fingertip, which makes the fingers extremely flexible.(单是拇指就由九个独立的肌肉控制。手腕是一组用神经相连的骨骼和肌肉。这些神经向每个指尖发送分
96、支，这使得手指非常灵活)”说明手的灵活，与空格处是因果关系，因此你可以看到一个熟练的钟表匠用他的手在显微镜下放置弹簧。故选G。【38题详解】上文“Some animals had seven fingers. Others had eight. But by the time vertebrates (脊椎动物) appeared 340 million years ago, the hand had developed to only five fingers.(有些动物有七个手指。其他的有八个。但到脊椎动物3.4亿年前出现时，手只发展到五个手指)”说明手指的个数，C项中的“that num
97、ber”与上文一致，说明手指保持这个数的理由科学家不知道。故选C。【39题详解】上文“After years of research, scientists are beginning to understand the molecular (分子) changes in hands.(经过多年的研究，科学家们开始了解手的分子变化)”说明了科学家的研究， B项中的also是关键词，与上文是递进关系，they指代scientists，说明“科学家也看到所有的手都以完全一样的方式开始”，符合题意，引出下文“这使得不同动物的手非常相似”，“much the same”与“similar”意思一致。故
98、选B。【40题详解】上文“A birds wing and a lions paw (爪) may appear to have nothing in common.”说明鸟的翅膀和狮子的爪子似乎没有共同之处，E项中“But”说明与下文的转折关系，have nothing in common与the difference是转折关系，E项“但它们之间的差异可能归结为形式上的微小变化”符合题意。故选E。第三部分:书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题:第40至41题每小题2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成对该问题的回答。Shared Services N
99、eed More ImaginationSuppose you need to drill a hole in the wall to hang an item but do not own a power drill. You may regard it as expensive to buy a power drill and consider renting one. Sharing is the solution. The sharing industry is an emerging. highly flexible economic network that allows peop
100、le to share resources, either free or for a fee.The important idea of the sharing industry is that people might only need an item for a relatively short period. The private part of shared services has been moving towards this area since the beginning of the 1980s, and then the public part has taken
101、note of the benefits and continued for best practice. The United States and Australia among others have had shared services in government since the late 1990s.With the rise of the sharing industry, the best-known shared bikes and shared cars have got a lot of public attention. This kind of transport
102、ation is so environmentally-friendly that it is increasingly popular among people in many cities.Of course shared services dont need to be limited to machines. The real pay-off in shared services probably lies in renting out smaller, less heavy items. For example, in todays casual environment, you d
103、ont need a tie unless youre going to a wedding or a job interview. So some companies, would let you pick up a tie when you needed it and only when you needed it. Another example is an umbrella-sharing service. Since visitors dont want to be carrying umbrellas all the way, it would be cheaper and eas
104、ier to simply borrow an umbrella on one street corner and drop it off on another.Recently organizations that have centralized their IT functions have begun to take a close look at the technology services that their IT departments provide for customers, evaluating where it makes sense to provide tech
105、nology components. E-mail and scanning (扫描) operations were obvious early candidates. Many organizations are now offering their document-intensive operations as a shared service. There is no doubt that people are calling for the expansion of shared services to more and more areas.41. What is the sha
106、ring industry?42. Why does shared transportation receive attention from people?43. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.Shared services are getting increasingly popular for their convenience, but there are still calls for expansion to wider
107、areas because they are currently restricted to machines.44. Please provide another example of shared services and explain your reason. (about 40 words)【答案】41. The sharing industry is an economic network that allows people to share resources, either free or for a fee. 42. Because it offers environmen
108、tally-friendly means of transportation to people in cities. 43. Shared services are getting increasingly popular for their convenience, but there are still calls for expansion to wider areas because they are currently restricted to machines.According to the passage, presently shared services include
109、 not only machines but also smaller, less heavy items, such as ties and umbrellas. 44. (1) Sharing books is a good type of shared services. People can share and read the books they like without pay or with only a little money, so that they will improve their knowledge and enrich their life. Thus I t
110、hink it is well worth spreading.(2) Sharing platforms is a good type of shared services. For example, resources can be shared there. Another example is that in a community, old people can learn how to use computers and smartphones with the help of it. Thus I think it is well worth spreading.【解析】【分析】
111、本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了共享服务的理念及发展，指出共享服务需要更多的想象力，人们正在呼吁将共享服务扩展到越来越多的地区。【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“The sharing industry is an emerging. highly flexible economic network that allows people to share resources, either free or for a fee. (共享产业是一个新兴的、高度灵活的经济网络，允许人们免费或收费共享资源)”可知，共享产业是一个经济网络，允许人们免费或收费共享资源。故答案为The shari
112、ng industry is an economic network that allows people to share resources, either free or for a fee.【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“This kind of transportation is so environmentally-friendly that it is increasingly popular among people in many cities. (这种交通工具非常环保，在很多城市越来越受欢迎)”可知，因为共享交通为城市里的人们提供了环保的交通工具，所以受到了人们
113、的关注。故答案为Because it offers environmentally-friendly means of transportation to people in cities.【43题详解】考查推理判断。根据文章第四段中的“The real pay-off in shared services probably lies in renting out smaller, less heavy items. (共享服务的真正回报可能在于出租较小、较轻的物品)”和“So some companies, would let you pick up a tie when you neede
114、d it and only when you needed it. (因此，一些公司会让你在需要的时候挑选领带，而且只在你需要的时候)”以及“Another example is an umbrella-sharing service. (另一个例子是雨伞共享服务)”可知，共享服务并不仅仅是局限于机器，因为现在的共享服务不仅包括机器，还包括较小、较轻的物品，如领带和雨伞。所以题干中的“they are currently restricted to machines (它们目前仅限于机器)”错误，应在此处画下划线，原因是现在的共享服务不仅包括机器，还包括较小、较轻的物品，如领带和雨伞。故答案为
115、According to the passage, presently shared services include not only machines but also smaller, less heavy items, such as ties and umbrellas.【44题详解】主观题。答案不唯一，有理有据即可。答题时应先举出一个文中并未提及的共享服务的例子，再解释原因。参考答案为(1) Sharing books is a good type of shared services. People can share and read the books they like w
116、ithout pay or with only a little money, so that they will improve their knowledge and enrich their life. Thus I think it is well worth spreading.(2) Sharing platforms is a good type of shared services. For example, resources can be shared there. Another example is that in a community, old people can
117、 learn how to use computers and smartphones with the help of it. Thus I think it is well worth spreading.第二节(20 分)45. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。为了减少舌尖上的浪费，你校英语俱乐部拟举办有关“爱惜食物，从我做起”的英语演讲活动。请你写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：1. 食物浪费的现象及危害；2. 你爱惜食物的做法；3.你的倡议。注意：1.词数不少于80；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Good morning,everyone._Thats all. Thank you for
118、 listening.【答案】Good morning, everyone.Its my great honor to be here and give a speech on saving food.Speaking of food, there are two ugly truths. First, a huge amount of food is wasted every year. Millions of tons of cooked and served food ends up in trash cans. Second, primary and secondary school
119、students are among the top three food wasters.At present, China is still heavily dependent on the import of certain grains, and wasting food will make our efforts to be self-sufficient in vain. Moreover, wasting food also means wasting resources like water, land and energy. Therefore, it will damage
120、 the environment in the long run.Realizing the severe consequences of wasting food, Ive been doing my bit to save food. At the school cafeteria, I ask for half-size servings when Im not hungry. When dining out in restaurants with family or friends, I propose ordering smaller portions and taking the
121、leftovers home. At home, I check the fridge before making shopping plans to avoid buying more food than we actually need.Saving food benefits every one of us. Lets clean our plates today so that we can have enough for tomorrow.Thats all. Thank you for listening.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是提纲类写作，要求写一篇演讲稿。【详解】第1步：
122、根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。为了减少舌尖上的浪费，你校英语俱乐部拟举办有关“爱惜食物，从我做起”的英语演讲活动。请你写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：1. 食物浪费的现象及危害；2. 你爱惜食物的做法；3.你的倡议。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：give a speech on (发表演讲)；speak of(谈到)；truth(真相)；a huge amount of(大量的)；end up (结束)；be heavily dependent on(严重依赖于)；self-sufficient(自给自足的)；in vain(徒劳地)；in the long run(长远)；s
123、evere consequence(严重后果)；do ones bit(尽自己的一份力量)；propose (建议)； leftover(残羹剩菜)；avoid doing sth.(避免做某事)；benefit(有助于)等。第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Moreover, wasting food also means wasting resources like water, land and energy.是用来动名词作主语；At the school cafeteria, I ask for half-size servings when Im not hungry.运用了时间状语从句；Lets clean our plates today so that we can have enough for tomorrow.运用了目的状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
