1、江苏省丹阳高级中学2020级高一12月大练试卷英语分值：150分，考试时间120分钟第一部分 听力（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What is the man?A. A shop assistant B. A hotel receptionist (接待员) C. A telephone operator2. Where is the kit
2、e?A. In the sky B. In a store C. In a tree.3. Why does the man go to the library?A. Hes preparing for the final exam.B. He hates the classroom atmosphere.C. He wants to collect information.4. What are the speakers talking about?A. Davids plan to visit EuropeB. Davids business trip to FinlandC. David
3、s visit to European countries5. What can be inferred from the conversation?A. Philip failed to win the speech contest.B. Philips speech was easy to understand.C. Amy was disappointed at Philips speech.学科网第二节（共15 小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话或独白前
4、，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6. What does the woman suggest about the letter?A. Following grammar rules.B. Writing in simple sentences.C. Using a short form of a word.7. What will the man do next?A. Ask for advice B. Reply to the bank C. Learn writing skills听第7段材料
5、，回答第8至10题8. Why cant Jim find the house?A. He hasnt been given the address.B. He is unable to check the address.C. He has been led by the false address.9. Where does Emily live?A. Beside a bank. B. In Salem Street. C. Opposite a furniture store.10. What can we learn from the conversation?A. It takes
6、 Jim 30 minutes to get to Emilys house.B. Jim insists on walking to Emily s house. C. Emily will pick Jim up at the bus stop.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题11. Whats the possible relationship between the two speakers?A. Colleagues B. Strangers C. Classmates12. Whats the mans attitude towards the job offer?A. Negat
7、ive B. Casual（漫不经心的） C. Hesitant13. What does the newly offered job attract the man most?A. Living in Chicago.B. Trying new things.C. Working in a bigger station.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题14. What do we know about the woman?A. She is in need of a computer badly.B. She has been cheated by his neighbor.C. She d
8、oesnt catch what the neighbor said.15. Why wont the woman buy the computer?A. It probably comes illegally（非法地）.B. Its not worth the money.C. Its in poor condition.16. What does the man advise the woman to do?A. Save money. B. Choose a safe source. C. Learn idioms. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题17. What pushed Ra
9、lph to start writing?A. The discrimination(歧视) against blacks.B. The dream in his childhood.C. The heavy pressure from life. 18. When was Ralphs Invisible Man published?A. In his thirties. B. In his forties. C. In his fifties19. Whats the intended purpose of the speaker? A. To recommend a university
10、 course.B. To describe a historical event.C. To introduce a famous writer.20 What does the professor think of the novel?A. Exciting B. Inspiring C. Interesting. 第二部分 阅读（共20小题，每小题2.5分，满分50分）第一节 阅读理解（四篇，共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）AAs you slowly rid your diet of junk food and sweets, youll notice a change:
11、you actually start to like those healthy foods that you once refused. And as you start fueling your body with nutrients and noticing how much better you feel, theres a good chance youll lose weight, too. Heres how your new healthy eating habits are helping you drop pounds.Drinking waterFinally you d
12、ecided to change those Diet Cokes for water? Its a good decision: drinking more water helps keep your skin and other cells healthy and functioning properly, and drinking enough water keeps you from feeling lethargic(没精打采)and tired. Your new water habit is great for your waistline as well: drinking w
13、ater helps prevent overeating.Eat more fruits and vegetablesYour new weekends to-do list that includes a trip to the farmers market to stock(贮备)up on vegetables for the week isnt just helping you eat more disease-fighting nutrients; loading up on produce is a smart weight-loss strategy. Fruits and v
14、egetables are lowcal high-fiber(低卡高纤维) food to stay satisfied and feel full longer.Cooking at homeHealthy eating means cooking at home more since youre able to see what exactly is going into your food and control the amount of salt, sugar, and fat in it. Not only does this ensure youre eating the nu
15、trients you need, but youll also save major calories from giving up the large buttery portions （比例）found in many restaurants. If youre new to cooking and need some tips, just surf our page and read our advice on how to be a healthy cook.1. What does the author intend to tell us in the passage?A. Hea
16、lthy eating habits can make you lose weight.B. Dont ignore your favorite foods in daily life.C. Your choice determines what your future is.D. Only foods with nutrients can make you energetic.2. The benefit of drinking water is .A. to keep you far away from any illnessB. to make you not in the least
17、excitedC. to reduce what youd prefer to take into the bodyD. to make your waist strong and healthy3. Where can we read the passage?A. In a health magazine.B. In a news report.C. In a tour guide.D. On a certain website.【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D【解析】这是一篇应用文。良好的饮食习惯不仅使你有一个健康的体魄，而且会使你心情愉悦。要达到这样的目的，你应该如何做起呢？【1题详
18、解】主旨大意题。根据文章主旨和首段的尾句Heres how your new healthy eating habits are helping you drop pounds，可知良好的饮食习惯可以帮你减掉多余的赘肉，可知A选项（健康的饮食习惯可以让你减肥）能概括文章的主旨，故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。文中第二段的drinking more water helps keep your skin and other cells healthy and functioning properly, and drinking enough water keeps you from feelin
19、g lethargic(没精打采)and tired.谈到了多饮水会使皮肤健康，使你有精神不会昏昏欲睡，有助于防止暴食。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。依据文章最后一段的最后一句Just surf our page and read our advice on how to be a healthy cook可知，这篇文章出自某个网站。故选D项。BGrown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever sin
20、ce. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play, catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can te
21、ach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, extra learning trials (尝试) increase the length of ti
22、me we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and
23、 Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception (例外) to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突
24、击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the ot
25、her hand, is really necessary for ones future development.4. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.D. Stories for children are easy to remember.5. The au
26、thor explains the law of overlearning by _.A. presenting research findingsB. setting down general rulesC. making a comparisonD. using examples6. What does the word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. Commonly accepted rules.B. The multiplication tables.C. Things easily forgotten.D. School subjects.7.
27、What is the authors opinion on cramming?A. Its helpful only in a limited way.B. It leads to failure in college exams.C. Its possible to result in poor memory.D. It increases students learning interest.【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. A【解析】本文是一篇议论文，本文主要讲述了过度学习，并列举了多个有关事例来证明过度学习的学习效果和作用。【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据本段第一句Grown-
28、ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since可知，本段讲述的是人们经常能够记住我们小时候所学的内容，接下来还举了另外几个例子来说明。故选A。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming，bicycle riding，and playing baseball long after
29、 we have learned them（在童年时代，我们通常会在学会游泳、骑自行车和打棒球等技能后很长时间内继续练习）可知作者是通过举例说明的方法来解释过度学习的原理的，故选D。【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文The multiplication tables（乘法口诀表）are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school，because they are another of the things we over learn in chi
30、ldhood可知，乘法口诀也是过度学习的一个结果，因此这里they是指代乘法口诀表，故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段The law of overlearning explains why cramming for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the
31、examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.（过度学习的法则解释了为什么为了考试而死记硬背，虽然可能会导致及格，却不是一种令人满意的学习大学课程的方法。通过死记硬背，一个学生可能把这门课学得足够好，可以通过考试，但他很可能很快就会忘记他所学的几乎所有东西。）可知作者认为突击学习的效果只能延续很短的时间，所以说只在有限的方面起作用,故选A。CMost people know something about the greenhouse effect. Factories send gasses
32、 such as carbon dioxide, or CO2, into the atmosphere, the air around the earth. In the past, this wasnt a problem because trees absorbed the CO2. But now people in many countries are cutting down billions of trees all around the world. At the same time, factories are sending more CO2 into the atmosp
33、here. Its difficult to believe, but factories put billions of tons of CO2 into the atmosphere every year. One ton is over 2000 pounds, so it is a lot of pollution. There is too much CO2 and there arent enough trees, so the world is getting warmer. In other words, we have a greenhouse effect. This is
34、 terrible for the environment.What can we do about this? Firsts we can stop using so much coal and oil. We can learn to use different kinds of energy: the sun, wind, steam from volcanoes，and heat from inside the earth. Second, instead of cutting down trees, we should plant more trees. One tree can a
35、bsorb ten pounds of carbon dioxide every year.The trees are good for the earths atmosphere and for Guatemala (拉丁美洲国家危地马拉).In small towns and villages in Guatemala, most women are poor and have hard lives. Trees help them in three ways. First, the Connecticut factories pay them to plant the trees. Th
36、eir pay is com, not money. The com is good for their children. Second, these women know a lot about their environment. They know where to plant when to plant, and what kinds of trees to plant. For example，they plant many fruit trees. The fruit gives them vitamins for their families s diets. Other tr
37、ees are good for firewood. In a few years, the women wont spend so much time looking for firewood. Third, all these trees are good for the soil. Now rain cant wash the soil down from the mountains so easily.This plan isnt enough to stop the greenhouse effect. However, its a start. The woman of Guate
38、mala are helping themselves and helping their environment.8. Which of the following statement is NOT true?A. Factories send more CO2 into the atmosphere.B. Trees cant absorb the same CO2 as they did in the past.C. Billions of trees are being cut down throughout the world.D. The greenhouse effect is
39、extremely bad for the environment.9. Whats the main idea of the second paragraph?A. The reasons why we should plant more trees.B. Ways we can adopt to take heat from volcanoes.C. Measures to be taken to forbid the use of coal and oil.D. Things we can do to stop or reduce the greenhouse effect.10. Ho
40、w does planting trees help improve womens lives in Guatemala?A. By preventing the greenhouse effect.B. By developing their skills of planting trees.C. By enabling them to earn more money to support their family.D. By making them get com and fruit to feed their family in return.11. Whats the authors
41、attitude towards the plan of planting trees in Guatemala?A. Critical.B. Neutral.C. Positive.D. Doubtful.【答案】8. B 9. D 10. D 11. C【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文论述的是引起温室效应的原因，以及针对温室效应已经应该采取的措施包括停止使用这么多的煤和石油，种更多的树，因为一棵树每年能吸收十磅的二氧化碳。【8题详解】细节理解题。由文中第一段的There is too much CO2 and there arent enough trees, 可知，是因为树木越来越少，二氧化
42、碳越来越多，所以才无法像以前一样能吸收掉，而不是因为树木的吸收力不如以前了，B选项表述错误。故B选项正确。【9题详解】主旨大意题。由第二段“Firsts we can stop using so much coal and oil. We can learn to use different kinds of energy: the sun, wind, steam from volcanoes， and heat from inside the earth. Second, instead of cutting down trees, we should plant more trees.
43、One tree can absorb ten pounds of carbon dioxide every year.”可知，首先，我们可以停止使用煤和石油。我们可以学习使用不同种类的能源：太阳、风、来自火山的蒸汽和来自地球内部的热量。第二，我们应该多种树，而不是砍树。一棵树每年可以吸收十磅二氧化碳。所以第二段主要讲了我们可以做些事情来阻止或减少温室效应。故D选项正确。【10题详解】细节理解题。由倒数第二段的First, the Connecticut factories pay them to plant the trees. Their pay is com, not money. Fo
44、r example，they plant many fruit trees. The fruit gives them vitamins for their families, diets. Other trees are good for firewood可知，首先，康涅狄格州的工厂付钱让他们植树。他们的工资是com而不是钱。例如，他们种植许多果树。水果为他们家庭的饮食提供了维生素。其他的树是很好的柴火。所以在危地马拉，获得的钱和水果来养活家人帮助改善了危地马拉女性的生活。D选项正确。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文中倒数第二段的第一句The trees are good for the e
45、arths atmosphere and for Guatemala以及最后一段“This plan isnt enough to stop the greenhouse effect. However, its a start. The woman of Guatemala are helping themselves and helping their environment.”可知，这些树对地球大气层和危地马拉都有好处。这个计划不足以阻止温室效应。然而，这只是一个开始。危地马拉的妇女正在帮助自己和环境。所以通过关键词“good，helping themselves and helping
46、 their environment.”可以判断出，作者对于在危地马拉种植树木的态度是积极，乐观的。故C选项正确。DGermans have a word “wanderlust” which translated into English would be “the desire to wander”. Nowadays the chance to travel is endless. Thanks to cheap air tickets, travelling abroad is very easy and sometimes its even cheaper to fly out of
47、 the country than to travel within your own. So, yes, travelling is cheap but there have to be other reasons to travel and youre right. There are plenty of reasons!I have always had this feeling of wanderlust. It started from me wanting to explore my local woods at the back of my garden as a young g
48、irl and as I have grown, so has my sense of adventure. And I found my local woods being replaced with the Brazil wetland, Pantanal, where I went last summer in search of jaguars, snakes and crocodiles. The thing with travelling is that its always different. Even if you went to the same country, to t
49、he same town and stayed in exactly the same hotel, it would be a completely different experience. The people you meet will be different, and they will tell you their own travelling stories: stories of holiday romances, holiday worries and stories that seem so outrageous that you can hardly believe t
50、hem until something similar happens to you.Or maybe the difference is you? Maybe you have changed since last time you were there? And thats the thing with travellingit changes you. When you travel you are forced to experience a new culture. Whether its eating a guinea pig, or staying with a family w
51、here neither of you speak a common language and you have to communicate through hand actions and smiles, the experience gives me itchy feet to do it all again. And although wanderlust is a German word, the English idiom “to have itchy feet” has a similar idea. Someone who has itchy feet needs to lea
52、ve or travel. This desire to explore is found not only in language but in us.12. According to Paragraph 2, what is the most important part of travelling?A. Having different experiences.B. Hearing many travelling stories.C. Experiencing holiday romances.D. Taking more adventures.13. The underlined wo
53、rd “outrageous” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_”A. interestingB. surprisingC. movingD. disappointing14. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Staying with a family without common languages.B. Communicating through hand actions and smiles.C. Eating a guinea pig with a family.
54、D. Experiencing a different culture.15. The writer wrote the passage in order to _.A. give various reasons for travellingB. encourage people to travel abroadC. explain the German word “wanderlust”D. share the writers travelling experiences【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述旅行的理由和旅行带给人们的影响。
55、【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Even if you went to the same country, to the same town and stayed in exactly the same hotel, it would be a completely different experience.（即使你去的是同一个国家，同一个城镇，住的是完全相同的酒店，那也是一种完全不同的体验。）”可知，旅行最重要的是你会拥有不同的经历。故选A项。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段该词所在句“The people you meet will be different, and they
56、will tell you their own travelling stories: stories of holiday romances, holiday worries and stories that seem so outrageous that you can hardly believe them until something similar happens to you.（你遇到的人会是不同的，他们会告诉你他们自己的旅行故事：假期浪漫的故事，假期烦恼的故事，以及那些看起来让你难以相信的故事，直到类似的事情发生在你身上。）”后面的that从句“that you can har
57、dly believe them”可以推测outrageous意思为“令人吃惊的”。故选B项。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段该词所在句“Whether its eating a guinea pig, or staying with a family where neither of you speak a common language and you have to communicate through hand actions and smiles, the experience gives me itchy feet to do it all again.（无论是吃豚鼠，还是住
58、在一个你们都不讲共同语言、必须通过手势和微笑交流的家庭，这段经历都让我很想再做一遍。）”可知，it指的是经历不同的文化。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“So, yes, travelling is cheap but there have to be other reasons to travel and youre right. There are plenty of reasons!（所以，是的，旅行很便宜，但是一定有其他的理由去旅行。你是对的，原因有很多。）”以及下文内容可知，作者写文章的目的主要是讲述旅行的理由。故选A项。第二节 七选五（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分1
59、2.5分）How to write an email?While many people are accessible by email, sometimes it is difficult to determine how exactly to write an email to them. Here are some tips for you to follow.Write an appropriatesubject line.The subject line should tell the recipient (接收者) immediately what the email is abo
60、ut._16_Remember that your wording also has to be brief._17_It is best to be more formal rather than informal, so when writing to someone you have never met or written to before, a “Dear Jane Smith” is appropriate. When addressing someone whom you are a little familiar with, a “Dr. Smith” is okay unt
61、il they tell you to address them by their first name, in which case a simple “Jane” will be okay._18_Within the first two sentences of your email, your recipient should know exactly why you are writing to him. Sometimes an introduction may have to precede (先于) the sentence that states why you are wr
62、iting, and sometimes it has to follow.Use appropriate language.You may be used to using informal language in certain social settings._19_Even when dealing with colleagues or friends you are familiar with, do not immediately fall back on informal language.Keep it simple.People may get dozens and even
63、 hundreds of emails a day._20_In that way, they can save much of their time when reading emails.A. Use proper greetings.B. Express your ideas clearly.C. State your purpose at the beginning.D. Be as specific as possible when writing the subject.E. However, an email may not be the best place to use su
64、ch language.F. It is important to check the language to avoid spelling and grammar mistakes.G. It is always easier for them if you keep your email as short and brief as possible.【答案】16. D 17. A 18. C 19. E 20. G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在日常生活中电子邮件非常普及，但是很多人都不知道如何写一封好的电子邮件，本文中给出了五条相关的建议。【16题详解】根据横线前句“The subj
65、ect line should tell the recipient (接收者) immediately what the email is about.”可知电子邮件主题行要让接受者很快就明白邮件内容，所以主题行内容要写得尽量清楚。所以D选择项Be as specific as possible when writing the subject.( 写主题的时候要尽可能具体。)符合上下文语境。故选D。【17题详解】横线后两句介绍了对于熟悉的人，应该如何称呼；对于不熟悉的人，应该如何称呼。所以本段应该与如何称呼邮件的接收方有关。所以A选择项Use proper greetings(使用适当的问
66、候。)符合本段中心思想。故选A。【18题详解】根据本段第一句Within the first two sentences of your email, your recipient should know exactly why you are writing to him.可知在邮件前两句中，你要让接受者明确知道你写信的原因。也就是说在邮件开头部分说明你的写信目的。所以C选择项State your purpose at the beginning.( 一开始就说明你的目的。)符合上下文语境。故选C。【19题详解】根据本段最后一句Even when dealing with colleague
67、s or friends you are familiar with, do not immediately fall back on informal language.可知即使在处理同事或朋友的邮件时，也不要用非正式的语言。也就是说在邮件里尽量不要使用非正式的用语。所以E选择项It is important to check the language to avoid spelling and grammar mistakes. (然而，电子邮件可能不是使用这种语言的最佳场所。)符合上下文语境。故选E。【20题详解】根据横线前句People may get dozens and even
68、hundreds of emails a day.可知人们一天中可能会处理成百上千封邮件，你邮件要尽可能地简洁明了。而且本段的建议是“Keep it simple.”，所以G选择项It is always easier for them if you keep your email as short and brief as possible（如果你保持你的邮件是尽可能简洁短小对于他们而言，也是更容易阅读的)既与本段主旨相符也与上下文语境一致。且选项中“brief与题干中”simple“相互呼应，故选G。【点睛】本文通过后句列举处理同事或朋友的邮件的例子，告诉我们在邮件里尽量不要使用非正式的用
69、语。故E项符合上下文语境。从解题技巧来说属于从细节逻辑上判断-例证关系。 前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。第三部分 语言运用（满分70分）第一节 完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）“Just sign here, sir,” the deliveryman (送货员) said as he handed Oscar Reyna a package. The package consisted of (装有) a l
70、ong, narrow box _21_wrapped(包，裹) in brown paper. _22_ the box, Oscar saw an umbrella inside a very old one with a beautifully carved handle. _23_ he had not seen it for more than 20 years, he recognized it immediately.Oscar was 16 when he first saw the _24_ umbrella. He had gone to a concert with hi
71、s grandparents. As they were leaving, he noticed an umbrella on an empty seat. Impressed by its _25_, Oscar felt a strong desire to find its owner. Oscar _26_ the manager to look in the record of advance ticket sales. Just as he thought, a name matched the seat _27_ Oscar had found the umbrella. The
72、 name was Mrs. Katie OBrien. Oscar talked his grandparents into going by Mrs. OBriens house on their way home. He rang the bell, the door opened, and an elderly woman appeared. “May I _28_ you？”she asked. “Id like to return it if its yours,” Oscar said, _29_ the umbrella as if presenting a gift that
73、 had long been wished for. “Why, yes! its mine,” replied Mrs. OBrien with a _30_ smile and shining eyes. “It was given to me by my father years ago. Thank you so much for returning it. May I offer you a reward for your _31_?” “No, maam,” he said, “my grandmother says that a good deed is its own rewa
74、rd.” “Well, thats _32_ what my father used to say. What is your name, Young man?” Years later, Oscar was staring at the finely carved handle of the umbrella as he remembered Mrs. OBrien. It was in perfect condition, considering how_33_ it was. Why had it arrived here today? As if _34_，a note fell fr
75、om the paper. It read: Mrs. OBrien wanted you to accept this umbrella as a present for a kind, _35_ gesture(姿态，表示) long ago.21. A. strictlyB. carefullyC. seriouslyD. carelessly22. A. OpeningB. SeizingC. WatchingD. Searching23. A. AfterB. WhenC. SinceD. Although24. A. ordinaryB. unusualC. simpleD. ty
76、pical25. A. beautyB. shapeC. sizeD. history26. A. persuadedB. forcedC. encouragedD. advised27. A. untilB. beforeC. whichD. where28. A. inviteB. helpC. recallD. regard29. A. putting upB. turning outC. picking upD. holding out30. A. wideB. confidentC. proudD. shy31. A. patienceB. kindnessC. courageD.
77、personality32. A. clearlyB. naturallyC. exactlyD. probably33. A. oldB. rareC. valuableD. nice34. A. in turnB. in returnC. in exchangeD. in answer35. A. attractiveB. meanC. selflessD. selfish【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述
78、了一个人拾金不昧，捡到别人的伞之后专程还给失主，很多年之后又收到的失主赠送伞的故事，启迪我们：善有善报这样一个朴实的真理和美德。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：包裹里有一个又长又窄的盒子，用牛皮纸小心地包着。A. strictly严格地；B. carefully小心地；C. seriously严肃地；D. carelessly粗心地。根据后文“a very old one with a beautifully carved wooden handle.”可知包裹被仔细地包装着。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Oscar打开盒子，看到里面有一把伞一把很旧的伞，伞柄上雕刻着精美
79、的花纹。A. Opening打开；B. Seizing抓住；C. Watching观看；D. Searching搜寻。根据后文“the box, Oscar saw an umbrella inside”可知Oscar打开包裹的盒子。故选A。【23题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然他已经有20多年没见过它了，但他马上就认出了它。A. After在之后；B. When当时候；C. Since自从；D. Although虽然。根据“had not seen it”和recognize”的对比关系，可知虽然有20多年没见过了，但是还是立即认出来了。故选D。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：O
80、scar16岁时第一次看到这把不寻常的雨伞。A. ordinary普通的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. simple简单的；D. typical典型的。根据上文“impressed by”，可知这边伞很是不寻常（unusual）。故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的美丽给Oscar留下了深刻的印象，Oscar强烈地渴望找到它的主人。A. beauty美丽；B. shape形状；C. size尺寸；D. history历史。根据上文“a very old one with a beautifully carved wooden handle. ”和后文“Years later
81、 Oscar was staring at the finely carved handle of the umbrella”可知，这把伞很美，给人印象深刻。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Oscar说服经理查看预售票记录。A. persuaded说服；B. forced强迫；C. encouraged鼓励；D. advised建议。结合后文“the manager to look in the record of advance ticket sales”可知是指Oscar说服（persuaded）经理查看预售票记录。故选A。【27题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：不出所料，一个
82、名字和Oscar找到伞的地方很相配。A. until直到；B. before之前；C. which哪一个；D. where哪里。7 Oscar had found the umbrella.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the seat，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导该从句。故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我能帮你吗?”她问。A. invite邀请；B. help帮助；C. recall回想起；D. regard注重。结合上文“He rang the bell, the door opened, and an elderly woman appeared.”可知
83、Oscar按响了门铃，因此开门的人问他是否需要帮助，may I help you“要我帮忙吗？”故选B。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Oscar说着，举起了伞，好像送出了一件盼望已久的礼物。A. putting up提供；B. turning out结果是；C. picking up捡起；D. holding out伸出。与之后的“as if presenting”相呼应，是指Oscar把伞像一件礼物一样举着。故选D。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“为什么，是的！它是我的，”OBrien太太回答说，眼睛闪闪发光，脸上绽开灿烂的笑容。A. wide宽的；B. confident
84、自信的；C. proud自豪的；D. shy害羞的。根据后文“and shinning eyes”可知此处指脸上露出灿烂的微笑，wide smile“灿烂的微笑”。故选A。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我可以酬谢你的好意吗？A. patience耐心；B. kindness善意；C. courage勇气；D. personality个性。此处与上文中“for a kind”相呼应，指答谢Oscar的善意。故选B。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：嗯，这正是我父亲过去常说的话。A. clearly清晰地；B. naturally自然地；C. exactly恰好地；D. probabl
85、y可能。结合后文“what my father used to say”可知此处指的是这正是Oscar父亲过去经常这样讲的话。故选C。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到它的年龄，它的状况是完美的。A. old旧的，老的；B. rare稀有的；C. valuable贵重的；D. nice好的。根据前“an elderly woman”和上文中years later，可知此处Oscar感叹经过多年岁月的洗礼，这把伞仍然保存完好。故选A。【34题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：好像是在回答一样，一张纸条从纸上掉了下来。A. in turn轮流；B. in return作为报答；C. in
86、exchange作为交换；D. in answer回答。根据后文“Why had it arrived here today? ”可知这个问题困扰着Oscar，好像是为了回答（in answer）这些疑问。故选D。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：上面写着：OBrien夫人很久以前就希望你接受这把伞，作为对很久以前一种友好、无私行为的表示。A. attractive吸引人的；B. mean吝啬的；C. selfless无私的；D. selfish自私的。结合上文“Id like to return it if its yours, Oscar said,”可知多年前Oscar把伞物归原主
87、是一种无私的行为。故选C。第二节 短文填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）短文语法填空Diets have changed in China - and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country _36_ (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _37_ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is _38_(
88、actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _39_(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water _40_ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This
89、switch has decreased _41_ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water _42_(safe) for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the
90、 government _43_(start) a soil-testing program _44_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _45_(feed) its
91、citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.” says the banks Juergen Voegele.【答案】36. has grown 37. the 38. actually 39. to improve 40. than 41. pollution 42. safer 43. started 44. which/that 45. feeding【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。中国近年来根据人们的膳食变化调整农作物种植结构，为全球生态环境保护作出了贡献。【36题详解】
92、考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自从2011年，这个国家就种植玉米比水稻更多。根据时间状语Since 2011可知，句子使用现在完成时，主语the country是单数，故填has grown。【37题详解】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7% 。此处是特指在过去的25年，应使用定冠词the，故填the。【38题详解】考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。此处修饰is，应用副词形式。故填actually。【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻。此处表示目的，故用不定式作目的状语。故填 to improve。
93、【40题详解】考查连词。句意：玉米比水稻使用的水更少，产生更少的化肥径流。根据关键词less可知，此处表示比较级，应填比较连词than。故填than。【41题详解】考查名词。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。此处应填一个名词作宾语，pollution为不可数名词，故填pollution。【42题详解】考查形容词比较级。结合语境可知，减少污染应是使饮用水“更安全”，应填形容词比较级，故填safer。【43题详解】考查时态。句意：中国农业部发现，在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目，给农民提供具体的肥料建议。本句是when引导的定语从句，根据“between
94、 2005”可知句子使用一般过去时，故用动词过去式。故填started。【44题详解】考查定语从句。空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是program，关系词在从句中作主语，可使用which或that引导，故填which/that。【45题详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境的做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。while引导一个时间状语从句，空格处表示正在进行的动作，应使用现在进行时，完整形式是while it is feeding its citizens，在状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有 be动词时，可将主语和be动词一起省
95、略。故填feeding。【点睛】第三节：单词拼写：根据首字母或中文提示写出句中所缺单词，注意使用正确形式。（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）46. Asautumna_,theplantsinthegardenchanged yellow. (根据首字母单词拼写）【答案】approached【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：随着秋天的临近，花园里的植物变黄了。根据单词首字母以及句意“临近”，可知应填动词approach，作谓语，结合后文the plants in the garden changed yellow可知为一般过去时。故填approached。47. AsIgrowolder
96、,Iliketoreadthe_(经典作品)regularly. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】classics【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词。句意：随着年龄的增长，我喜欢定期阅读经典著作。根据汉语提示“经典作品”以及上文readthe可知此处应填名词作宾语，“经典作品”为名词classic，且为可数名词，此处表示复数。故填classics。48. Its the first time that a 90-year-old _(授予)“Woman Of The Year”for being Britains oldest full-time employee. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答
97、案】has been awarded【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：一位90岁的老人被授予“年度女性”称号，成为英国年龄最大的全职员工，这还是第一次。根据汉语提示“授予”可知应填动词award，作谓语，且此处为句型it is the first time that+现在完成时，主语a 90-year-old与谓语动词award构成被动关系，故应用现在完成时的被动语态。主语为a 90-year-old，助动词用has。故填has been awarded。49. The kind girl gave her seat to the old man without h_ as soon as
98、she saw him. (根据首字母单词拼写）【答案】hesitation【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词。句意：那位善良的女孩一见到那位老人就毫不犹豫地把座位让给了他。根据句意“毫不犹豫地”和单词首字母“h”，可知为名词hesitation，此处为固定短语without hesitation。故填hesitation。50. He cut off the electricity quickly, which _(阻止) an accident. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】prevented【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：他快速切断了电源，阻止了一场事故的发生。分析句子可
99、知，空处为定语从句的谓语动词，表示“阻止”为动词prevent，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填prevented。51. Practising Tai chi is i_ many people to make an exploration to the Chinese culture. (根据首字母单词拼写）【答案】inspiring【解析】【分析】【详解】考查现在进行时。句意：练习太极激励着许多人对中国文化进行探索。根据句意“激励”和首字母提示可知，应填动词inspire，主语Practising Tai chi和inspire为主动关系，结合空前的is，可知，应填现在分词inspir
100、ing与之构成现在进行时。故填inspiring。52. It is difficult for women to m_ the balance between family and career. (根据首字母单词拼写）【答案】maintain【解析】【分析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：女性很难维持家庭和事业之间的平衡。根据句意“维持”和首字母“m”以及固定句型“it is +adj.+for sb. +to do sth.”可知，应填动词原形maintain，和to构成动词不定式作主语。故填maintain。53. In general, you should have your mea
101、l an _(平均) of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】average【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定短语。句意：一般来说，你应该在运动前平均1.5到2.5小时进食。根据汉语提示“平均”和空前的“an”以及空后的“of”可知，此处为固定短语an average of。故填average。54. It isgenerallya_ thatstress is caused by too much work.(根据首字母单词拼写）【答案】assumed【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：一般认为压力是工作太多引起
102、的。根据句意和首字母提示，应填动词assume“假定；假设”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，与assume是被动关系，空格前有is，故填assumed。【点睛】55. The storehasan excellent_(位置)in the shopping mall.(根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】position【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词。句意：这家店铺在这个购物商城中占有绝佳的位置。根据句意和汉语提示“位置”可知，此处应填名词position，又根据上文的冠词an可知，要用名词单数。故填position。第四节：短语填空：（共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分）
103、从所给短语中（一个多余）选择并用其正确形式完成句子。make up for; do justice to; no wonder; do wonders; under the weather; not to mention; stick with; in response to; a range of; be rooted in; over the long term56. There are _ activities for young people in the gym.57. Joggers need to drink throughout the exercise _ the water
104、 lost.58. I was still feeling a bit _ after taking medicines.59. The feeling of insecurity _ often _ childhood deeply.60. Hehadmadeathoroughinvestigation._heknewso muchaboutit.61. I hurried_my friends calling for help.62. _,clear water and green mountains are gold and silver mountains.63. Above all,
105、 choose activities you enjoy because, in this way, youre more likely _ them.64. Even ifit is simplya walkinnature,it_foryourmood.65. My lecture today may not be able to _ all the work people have done behind the scenes.【答案】56. a range of 57. to make up for 58. under the weather 59. (1). is (2). root
106、ed in 60. No wonder 61. in response to 62. Over the long term 63. to stick with 64. does wonders 65. do justice to【解析】【56题详解】考查固定短语。句意：健身房有一系列适合年轻人的活动。分析句子可知，空处修饰后面名词activities，a range of表示“一系列的”，符合句意。故填a range of。【57题详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：慢跑者在锻炼过程中需要喝水来补充流失的水分。根据句意可知，空处意为“补充”，动词短语make up for符合句意；又因为句子
107、不缺谓语，所以此处为非谓语，用动词不定式表目的。故填to make up for。【58题详解】考查固定短语。句意：我吃了药还觉得有点不舒服。介词短语under the weather表示“身体不适”，放在句中符合句意。故填under the weather。【59题详解】考查固定短语、主谓一致和时态。句意：这种不安全感往往深深植根于童年时代。分析句子可知，空处为句子的谓语动词，be rooted in表示“根植于”，符合句意；句子讲的是一般性、习惯性的状态，所以用一般现在时，又因为主语为单数形式，谓语动词也要用相应的单数。故填is；rooted in。【60题详解】考查固定短语。句意：他做了
108、彻底的调查。难怪他对这件事知道这么多。上文“他做了彻底的调查”和下文“他对这件事知道这么多”之间是逻辑上的承接关系，no wonder表示“难怪，不足为奇”，符合句意，注意句首字母需大写。故填No wonder。【61题详解】考查固定短语。句意：听到朋友的呼救，我急忙跑了起来。根据句意可知，“我”匆匆忙忙地是为了“回应”朋友的求救，表示“回应”用介词短语in response of。故填in response of。【62题详解】考查固定短语。句意：从长远看，青山绿水是金山银山。根据句意可知，“绿水青山”是一种长远的、可持续发展的状态，空处做句子的状语，表示“从长远的角度”为短语over th
109、e long term，符合句意，注意句首字母需大写。故填Over the long term。【63题详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：最重要的是，选择你喜欢的活动，因为这样你更有可能坚持下去。表示“可能做某事”为短语be likely to do sth.，因此空处为动词不定式，根据句意，空处表示“坚持”，用动词短语stick with。故填to stick with。【64题详解】考查固定短语、主谓一致和时态。句意：即使只是在大自然中散步，它也会对你的心情产生神奇的作用。分析句子可知，空处缺谓语动词，动词短语do wonders表示“产生奇迹”，句子表达的是一般性的状态，所以用一般现
110、在时，注意主谓一致。故填does wonders。【65题详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：我今天的演讲可能不能把人们在幕后所做的一切都讲清楚。根据空前be able to可知，空处填动词原形，表示“使的价值充分发挥，适当处理”为固定短语do justice to，符合句意。故填do justice to。第五节：单句语法填空：在下列句子的空白处填入适当的连接词或括号内动词的正确形式。（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）66. She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before. (用适当的词填空)【答案
111、】whom【解析】【分析】【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：她带来了三个朋友，她们三个人我以前一个都没见过。此处定语从句先行词是three friends，指人，在介词of后应该用whom；此处是“代词+of+whom”引导的定语从句。故填whom。67. Nobody but Tom and Jane _(be) there last weekend. (所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】was【解析】【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：上周末只有汤姆和简在那里。根据句中时间状语last weekend可知，用一般过去时。but “除了”连接主语时，谓语动词与较远的主语保持一致。根据句意，故填wa
112、s。68. Many a way _ (use) to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear. (所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】has been used【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：已经用了许多方法来防止污染，但天空仍然不清澈。分析句子结构，缺少谓语动词，主语way和use为被动关系，且此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响，使用现在完成时的被动语态，其基本构成形式是：have/has been done，主语有many a修饰，助动词使用has。故填has been used。69. The
113、teacher and writer _(be) respected by all the people. (所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】is【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这位教师兼作家受到所有人的尊敬。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，此处and连接的两个名词，表示同一概念，遵循意义一致原则。谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is。70. Financial problems of the company _(discuss) for nearly two hours. (所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】have been discussed【解析】【分析】【详解】考
114、查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：公司的财务问题已经讨论了近两个小时。分析句子结构，缺少谓语动词，根据时间状语“for nearly two hours”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语“Financial problems of the company”和discuss为被动关系，需用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为复数名词，助动词使用have。故填have been discussed。71. Their child is at the stage _ she can say individual words but not full sentences. （用适当的单词填空）【答案】where【
115、解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于可以说单个单词但不能说完整句子的阶段。分析句子可知。本句为含有定语从句的复合句。其中Their child is at the stage.为主句，其后内容为定语从句。定语从句的先行词为stage， 在定语从句中做地点状语。故填where。72. -Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _(hope) to go to university.-So do I. (所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】hopes【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：每个学生都在
116、努力学习功课，希望能上大学。分析句子结构，空处缺少谓语动词，根据语境和下文的do可知，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为Each of the students，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填hopes。73. The famous writer is going to talk about the European countries and people _ he has visited in the past two months. (用适当的词填空)【答案】that【解析】【分析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位著名作家将谈论他在过去两个月里访问过的欧洲国家和人民。分析句子结
117、构，“_ he has visited in the past two months.”为定语从句，从句缺少宾语，需用关系代词引导，先行词是“the European countries and people”，既有人也有物，需用关系代词that引导。故填that。74. My washing machine_(repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.(用单词的适当形式完成句子)【答案】is being repaired【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意：本周我的洗衣机正在维修中，因此我不得不用手洗我的衣服。
118、根据后文 I have to wash my clothes by hand可知，这里表示“洗衣机正在维修中”，故用现在进行时，且主语My washing machine与repair为被动关系，需用现在进行时的被动语态。主语为单数名词，故谓语动词用单数。故填is being repaired。75. It is a truly delightful place, _looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. （用单词适当形式填空）【答案】whic
119、h【解析】【分析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是一个真正令人愉快的地方，它看起来和100年前一样，有蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的村舍。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词place，且先行词在从句中作主语，指地方应用which，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。第四部分 书面表达 应用文（满分15分）76. 假如你是某杂志健康栏目的主持人Mr. Helper,人们经常写信询问健康之道,请你写一封回信,指出健康的重要性,并针对“如何保持健康”给出自己的建议。信的内容需包含以下信息:1.健康重要性;2.给出保持健康的方法,如:科学饮食,多吃水果蔬菜,保持饮食平衡;避免高糖、高脂的食物;摒弃不良
120、习惯; 多锻炼等。注意:词数80左右。_【答案】参考范文Dear readers,It goes without saying that no pleasure can be tasted by a man without health. Health is far more important than anything else. Good health enables us to enjoy our life and achieve what we hope for in our career.How can we keep healthy? Here are some suggesti
121、ons for you to follow. To start with, not only should we develop good habits, but also we should avoid food with lots of sugar and fat. Moreover, we have to get rid of those bad habits that damage our health, such as drinking and smoking. Last but not least, wed better exercise every day to make our
122、 body strong. Proper diet and enough exercise do well to our health.If we follow the advice given above, we will lead a healthy life.Yours sincerely,Mr. Helper【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文，要求考生写一封回信，指出健康的重要性,并针对“如何保持健康”给出自己的建议。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。结构：总分法 总分法是指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.
123、健康的重要性;2.给出保持健康的方法；3.表达祝愿第二步：列提纲（重点词组）far more important than；enable sb. to do sth.；not onlybut also；lots of；get rid of；had better do；do well to；lead a healthy life.第三步：连词成句1.It goes without saying that no pleasure can be tasted by a man without health. 2.Health is far more important than anything e
124、lse. 3.Good health enables us to enjoy our life and achieve what we hope for in our career.4.How can we keep healthy? 5.Here are some suggestions for you to follow. 6.Not only should we develop good habits, but also we should avoid food with lots of sugar and fat. 7.We have to get rid of those bad h
125、abits that damage our health, such as drinking and smoking. 8.Wed better exercise every day to make our body strong. 9.Proper diet and enough exercise do well to our health.10.If we follow the advice given above, we will lead a healthy life.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态的问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：To st
126、art with，Last but not least2.表并列补充关系：Moreover连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。第五步：润色修改【点睛】高分句型1Good health enables us to enjoy our life and achieve what we hope for in our career.（what引导宾语从句）高分句型2To start with, not only should we develop good habits, but also we should avoid food with lots of sugar and fat.（not only置于句首使用部分倒装）