2012名师指津 高考英语写作基础技能步步高：1 句子成分I 主语谓语宾语.ppt

1、 写作离不开句子,要写好英语的句子,首先要了解英语的句子由哪些成分构成,能充当这些成分的是各是什么词。句子的组成部分分为：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语,其中主语与谓语是主要成分,一般不可缺少。本单元复习主语、谓语和宾语。一、主语主话表示句子所说的是什么人或什么事。练习:请找出下列句子的主语。1.The boy comes from America.(_)2.He usually went to school alone.(_)He代词作主语。The boy名词作主语。3.Studying English is very important.(_)4.To teach him a less

2、on seems quite necessary.(_)To teach him a lesson不定式短语作主语Studying English动名词短语作主语。5.That he won the prize excited everyone.(_)6.It is important for us to have our dreams.(_)it形式主语to have our dreams不定式短语作真正的主语。That he won the prize主语从句作主语。7.It is obvious that he was wrong.(_)8.It is no use crying ove

3、r spilt milk.(_)it形式主语,crying over spilt milk动名词短语作真正的主语。it形式主语,that he was wrong 主语从句作真正的主语。主语一般由名词、_,或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括 _、_ 还有 _)。另外,当句子的主语为 _、_或 _时,主语部分太长,为使句子平衡,避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语。主语从句主格代词(I、she等)不定式动名词主语从句动名词短语不定式短语二、谓语谓语说明主语的动作(即主语做了什么事)、状态或特征。谓语由动词或短语动词充当,或者由“系动词+表语”构成。除了倒装等特殊情况外,谓语总是位于主语的后面,

4、谓语”。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与动词原形构成合成谓语,助动词与动词的适当形式(如：原形、现在分词、过去分词)共同构成谓语部分。注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。练习：请找出下列句子的谓语并指出谓语的构成：实义动词、连系动词+表语、情态动词+动词的原形还是助动词+动词的适当形式?1.His parents are teachers.(_)2.The sun rises in the east.(_)rises 实义动词。are teachers 系动词+表语。3.We have finished readin

5、g the book.(_)4.You ought to work harder.(_)ought to work 情态动词+动词原形。have finished 助动词+动词的过去分词。5.I felt cold.(_)6.He doesnt like music.(_)doesnt like 助动词+动词原形。felt cold 连系动词+表语。三、宾语 宾语是动词的动作对象。一般由名词、宾格代词(me,her等),或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括不定式、动名词还有宾语从句)。宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语,间接宾语说明动作是对谁或为谁而做,直接宾语则是动作的承受者或结果。一般情况下

6、,宾语都在动词后面,顺序是:主语 谓语 宾语。练习：请找出下列句子的宾语。1.He has never met her in person.(_)2.She handed him a book.(_)3.He likes to play basketball.(_)to play basketball 不定式短语作宾语。her 宾格代词作宾语。him宾格代词作间接宾语,a book 名词作直接宾语。4.We enjoy listening to the music.(_)5.She said that she felt sick.(_)that she felt sick 宾语从句作宾语。li

7、stening to the music 动名词短语作宾语。6.They sent the injured to hospital.(_)7.I find it impossible to believe her any longer.(_)it形式宾语,不定式短语to believe her any longer 作真正的宾语。the injured 名词化的形容词作宾语。8.We consider it no good getting up late.(_)9.They believed it strange that he should have done that.(_)it形式宾语,宾语从句that he should have done that作真正的宾语。it形式宾语,getting up late动名词短语作真正宾语。当句子的宾语为_、_、或_时,常用形式宾语it,以保持句子的平衡。宾语从句不定式短语动名词短语